Crown corporation:mix between a business and gov org ex: BC gov is owner of BC Hydro
Energy sacrifice zones: areas that bear disproportionate burdens of energy development in
terms of health&environmental impacts2serve larger national/international demands 4 energy
Impacts of Bennett Dam: flooding causes direct dispossession to Tsay Keh Dene (who still do
not have hydro-electricity), destroyed habitat-negative impacts on fish and wildlife, altered
local climate, increased isolation as rivers&reservoir dangerous&un-navigable, lost autonomy
&constrained self-determination, increased dependency on wage labour & social assistance,
negative health implcatn directly from dust&long term health from increased substance abuse
Legal pluralism: situations where more than 1 legal system operates within the same space
-contrast to legal centralism: law is&should be the law of the state, uniform of all persons,
exclusive of all other law&administered by a single set of state institutions (Griffiths, 1986)
Indigenous legal consciousness: Indigenous legal orders are still operational and are formed
in relationships with other legal orders
Oldman River Dam: proposed in 1970s, constructed in 1988, completed in 1991, hydro plant
added in 2003. Built2provide additional irrigation capacity for agricultural irrigation purposes
Piikani challenge dam construction: bcuz excluded from participating&benefitting
financially, impact on River downstream/upstream & impact on access/rights to water
Piikani rlationshp w/ORD:spiritual&social,as source of law, a relative, resource&subsistence
Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP) P panel:1.criticism of EARP
2.impacts of dam on Piikani rltionshp w/ORD 3.dam’s implication for Piikani Treaty Rights
EARP recommendations for ORD:1.decommission 2.if no decommission,then federal gov
would approve it but subject to a number of conditions(ex:Alberta gov reach agreement w/P)
Keypoint:in opposing resource extraction,taking the Canadian&other governments to court,
Nations enact their own legal orders&creatively express it in relation2colonial legal orders
“Resource is just another word for colonialism” - “This is not to say colonialism is only about
exploiting resources, but the idea of resources is a colonial construction consistent with
genocide, displacement, exploitation, and capitalism. Colonialism creates colonialscapes and
displaces Indigenous ontologies” (79) - Andrew Curly
Anti-colonial analysis: when nature, ecologies, or relations r framed as ‘resources’ they are
being positioned in a colonial framework that renders the environment as inert matter to be
exploited by (some) humans. This framing as fundamentally shaped Indigenous institutions &
governance + has constrained the possibility to exercise sovereignty and self-determination
Ouarzazate Solar Plant: a form of green-grabbing: the plant required the acquisition of 3000
hectares of land that was communally owned&managed by Indigenous Amazigh people
-internationally financed so monetary benefits go2international private firms -in arid region
where ppl need water but it requires massive amounts of water4cooling&cleaning the panels
Green Colonialism: “We need to break away from the imperial and racialized (as well as
gendered) logic of externalizing costs that if left unchallenged, only generate green
colonialism and a further pursuit of extractivism and exploitation (of nature and labor) for a
supposedly green agenda.” – Hamza Hamouchene
Lithium film takeaway:intensive water2extract,concerns about impacts to ecosystems &
livelihoods(ex:the salt industry),debates over scale of impacts&distribution of benefits&costs
Archium’s report:ongoing extractivism is not race-neutral,bcuz racialization is the foundation
racial hierarchies in colonial era continue to justify transnational & domestic extractivism
->Not only extractivism produces racialized impacts (like environmental racism), but that
extractivism relies upon & thrives within systemic racialized hierarchies
Critical minerals: mineral important4energy transition, important4national security; subject
to restrictions of some sort - geographically constrained, scarce
James Wilt on declining of transit ridership:-failure of gov2invest in making transit reliable,
efficient&affordable, gov policy & spending biased towards private transport by car
-calls for decommodifying transportation, to turn it into a right to mobility+to the city
-suggests that public transit is “immediately buildable set of technologies” that can reduce
emission+address(undo)w/structural inequalities ex: colonialism,racial&economic hierarchies
Transit for Teens: A campaign for free public transit in BC for people below the age of 18
years old but only achieved up to 13 yrs; it helps ameliorate multiple problems at once
Avi Lewis arguments:economic root cause of climate emergency is from infinite growth but a
finite resources, resolving climate change is not due 2 technical problem but power imbalance
The Leap Manifesto:justice-based set of solutions2the climate crisis&plan to build power
around them; 1.call4justice where countries who contribute least r being impacted most&vice
versa 2.analytic framework:2connect climate emergency2other emergencies &dynamics of
oppression&solve this issues together rather than one at a time 3.political strategy:connect the
dots between movements, organizations, and communities to build power to change the basis
of our economy; no new fossil fuel projects, increase already existing low carbon sectors
Proximate: reduce emissions; Structural: colonialism & capital driven extractivism
- Colonialism works to devalue certain groups, deny their agency, and their sovereignty.
These are justified through racist logic
Benefits of solar energy from photovoltaic module:displace dirtiest forms of energy
production,cleaner air,more climate friendly&environmentally just approach2energy prdction
Issues: if in landfill, there r risks of groundwater chemical and toxicant contamination from
materials used ex: cadmium;if no part reused then increase in GHG emission dramatically;
PV modules prdctn is limited cuz rare materials > expensive production&expanded extraction
Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition’s goal: keep PV out of global e-waste streams by encouraging
ExtendedProducerResponsibility,prevent e-waste exports&no prison labor2disassemblePVmo
“[EPR] is an environmental protection strategy to reach an environmental objective of a
decreased total environmental impact of a product, by making the manufacturer of the
product responsible for the entire life-cycle of the product and especially for the take-back,
recycling and final disposal.”
Mulvaney says EPR programs,ecessary laws&the right infrastructure could: keep PV waste
out of global e-waste trade,avert the real limits of PV production reliant on tellurium,silver,
gallium&indium, a reuse program for those materials,recycling materials requires less energy
Community utilities:publicly-and cooperatively-owned energy utilities; publicly owned and
therefore can be subject to democratic control and community desires/demands
-publicly owned:by the state&operated by a gov not for profit but2provide essential service
-cooperatively/privately/non-profit owned: by members/customers
Community and Climate Project report suggests: blocking privatization, deepening
democratic governance, renewable energy mandates/financial incentives, procurement
programs, public banking&finance, supporting local innovation, and Public Finance for
Shifting IOUs (investor owned utilities) into public and cooperative ownership