Antimicrobial Stewardship
Faculty of pharmacy
Microbiology department
submitted to :Dr. Samira Hamed - Dr. Lamiaa Ismail
Prepared by: Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud 190093
1.
What are the factors of antibiotic
consumption?
1. Antibiotic prescribing practises: Overprescribing, prescribing the
incorrect antibiotic, and inappropriate antibiotic use are all
problems that contribute to overall consumption.
2. Availability: Antibiotics that are OTC may boost consumption.
3. Patient expectations: Patients expect to recive antibiotics every
time they feel ilness.
4. Agriculture: Antibiotics are used in agriculture to increase cattle
growth and to prevent disease. This can increase overall
consumption while also increasing the likelihood of antibiotic
resistance.
5. Globalisation: The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms
has been accelerated by the mobility of people and goods. As more
infections are treated with antibiotics, consumption has increased.
6. Patient non-adherence: Patients may discontinue antibiotics
before completing the entire course.
7. Inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities: can
contribute to the spread of infectious diseases that require antibiotics
to treat.
3.
2.
What is the correlation between
antibiotic consumption and
antibiotic resistance?
The higher the use of antibiotics, the more likely bacteria
will develop resistance to them, resulting in the creation
of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic overuse and
misuse making them less effective, if not ineffective, in
treating infections that form a major problem to public
health. Antibiotics may kill the majority of the bacteria
that cause infection, but some may survive, increasing
the likelihood of resistance. Antibiotic overuse produces
antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are more fatal and
difficult to treat. As a result, there is a correlation
between antibiotic consumption and resistance, and
limiting it can help maintain antibiotic efficacy and
prevent the formation of drug-resistant microorganisms.
4.
components and the core
elements of Antimicrobial
Stewardship
Definition of
Antimicrobial Stewardship.
Antimicrobial stewardship refers to a set of coordinated
strategies that aim to optimize the use of antimicrobial
agents (such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and
antiparasitics) to minimize the risk of adverse outcomes
associated with their use
Aims of Antimicrobial
Stewardship
1. Improving patient outcomes
2. Reducing antimicrobial resistance
3. Minimizing the spread of infections
4. Optimizing healthcare resources
5. the main goal of antimicrobial stewardship is to
optimize the use of antimicrobial agents to achieve
better outcomes, while preserving their effectiveness
for the future and reducing the risk of antimicrobial
resistance.
5.
What are the strategies of
antimicrobial stewardship?
1. Education and awareness:
2. Guidelines and best practices:
3. Antibiotic formulary management:
4. Antibiotic de-escalation:
5. Antimicrobial cycling:
6. Intravenous to oral conversion:
7. Antimicrobial stewardship technology: 8. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring:
9. Post-prescription review and feedback: 10. Restricted use of antibiotics:
refrences
1- Core elements of antibiotic stewardship (2023) Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. Available at:
https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/core-elements/index.html
(Accessed: 10 November 2023).
2-Antibiotic stewardship (no date) The Joint Commission. Available
at: https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safetytopics/infection-prevention-and-control/antibiotic-stewardship/
(Accessed: 10 November 2023).
3- (No date) Antimicrobial stewardship - statpearls - NCBI
bookshelf. Available at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572068/ (Accessed: 10
November 2023).