lOMoARcPSD|36315060
Muscular System - Gross Anatomy - Transes
Anatomy and Physiology (Baliuag University)
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lOMoARcPSD|36315060
Human Anatomy and Physiology
LECTURE / WEEK 3 / PPT AND BOOK-BASED
MUSCULAR SYSTEM: GROSS ANATOMY
TOPIC OUTLINE
I. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
 General Principles of Skeletal
Muscle Anatomy
 Nomenclature
II. Muscle Anatomy
SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SKELETAL
MUSCLE ANATOMY
ORIGIN
INSERTION
BELLY
TENDONS
RETINACULUM
APONEUROSES
AGONISTS
ANTAGONISTS
 It is also called the
fixed end and is usually
the most stationary,
proximal end of the
muscle.
 This is also called the
mobile end.
 It is the end of the
muscle attached to the
bone undergoing the
greatest movement.
 It is usually the distal
end of the muscle
attached to the bone
being pulled toward the
other bone of the joint.
 It is the part of the
muscle between the
origin and the insertion.
 They connect muscles
to bones.
 It is a band of
connective tissue that
holds down the tendons
at each wrist and ankle.
 These are broad,
sheetlike tendons.
 A group of muscles
working together.
 A muscle or group of
muscles that oppose
muscle actions.
NOMENCLATURE
Muscles are named according to:
LOCATION
 A pectoralis muscle is
located in the chest.
SIZE
 The size could be large
or small, short or long.
SHAPE
 The shape could be
triangular, quadrate,
rectangular, or round.
ORIENTATION
 Fascicles could run
OF FASCICLES straight (rectus) or at an
angle (oblique).
ORIGIN AND
 The
INSERTION
sternocleidomastoid has
its origin on the sternum
and clavicle and its
insertion on the mastoid
process of the temporal
bone.
NUMBER OF
 A biceps muscle has
HEADS
two heads (origins), and
a triceps muscle has
three heads (origins).
FUNCTION
 Abductors and
adductors are the
muscles that cause
abduction and
adduction movements.
MUSCLE ANATOMY
THORACIC
MUSCLES
ABDOMINAL
WALL
MUSCLES
 EXTERNAL
INTERCOSTALS - elevate
ribs for inspiration.
 INTERNAL
INTERCOSTALS - depress
ribs during forced
expiration.
 DIAPHRAGM – it moves
during quiet breathing.
 RECTUS ABDOMINIS – It
is the center of the
abdomen and it
compresses the
abdomen.
 EXTERNAL, INTERNAL,
AND TRANSVERS
ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE –
Sides of the abdomen
TRINA MAE SANTOS | FIRST YEAR
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lOMoARcPSD|36315060
Human Anatomy and Physiology
LECTURE / WEEK 3 / PPT AND BOOK-BASED
UPPER
SCAPULAR
AND LIMB
MUSCLES
FOREARM
MUSCLES
PELVIC FLOOR
MUSCLES
and it compresses the
abdomen.
 TRAPEZIUS – It extends
neck and head. This is
found in the shoulder
and upper back.
 PECTORALIS MAJOR –
Muscle in chest and it
elevates ribs.
 SERRATUS ANTERIOR –
Found between the ribs
that elevates the ribs.
 DELTOID – Muscle in
the shoulder, abductor,
or upper limbs.
 TRICEPS BRACHII – It
has three heads and it
extends the elbow.
 BICEPS BRACHII – It is
known as the “flexing
muscle” because it flexes
the elbow and the
shoulder.
 BRACHIALIS – Muscle
that flexes the elbow.
 LATISSIMUS DORSI –
Muscle at the lower back
and it extends the
shoulder.
 FLEXOR LONGUS
 FLEXOR CARPI
RADIALIS
 FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
 FLEXOR DIGITORUM
PROFUNDUS
 FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS
 PRONATOR
 BRACHIORADIALIS
 EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS BREVIS
 LEVATOR ANI
 ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS
 BULBOSPONGIOSUS
 DEEP TRANSVERSE
PERINEAL
 SUPERFICIAL
TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
MUSCLES OF
HIPS AND
THIGHS
MUSCLES OF
THE UPPER LEG
MUSCLES OF
THE LOWER
LEG
 ILIOPSOAS – It flexes
the hip.
 GLUTEUS MAXIMUS –
Muscles found in the
buttocks that extends the
hip and abducts thigh.
 GLUTEUS MEDIUS –
Muscle found in the hip
and it abducts and
rotates the thigh.
 The quadriceps
femoris is comprised of 4
thigh muscles: The rectus
femoris:
RECTUS FEMORIS – It is the
muscle of the front of
thigh and it extends knee
and flexes hip.
 VASTUS LATERALIS,
MEDIALIS, AND
INTERMEDIUS – They
extend the knee.
 GRACILIS – It adducts
the thigh and flexes the
knee.
 BICEPS FEMORIS,
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS,
SEMITENDINOSUS –
Muscles of the hamstring
and the back of thigh.
They also flex the knee,
rotate the leg, and
extend the hip.
 TIBIALIS ANTERIOR –
Muscle in the front of
lower leg and it inverts
foot.
 GASTROECNEMIUS –
Muscle in the calf and it
flexes the leg and foot.
 SOLEUS – It flexes the
foot. It attaches to ankle.
TRINA MAE SANTOS | FIRST YEAR
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