Actual Damages
Nominal
Damages
✅
No proof of actual
harm req’d
✅
No proof of actual
harm req’d
Battery
✅
Assault
✅
IIED
✅
False Imprisonment
MAJORITY: unnec.
MINORITY: nec. ONLY IF P
unaware of confinement
✅
No proof of actual
harm req’d
Trespass to ChattelsDisposition or Damage
✅
✅
Trespass to ChattelsUse or Intermeddling
✅
Punitive Damages
(extreme & outrageous conduct)
✅
OR w/ malice
✅
OR w/ malice
✅
OR w/ malice
✅
OR w/ malice
✅
Damages from loss of use or cost of
repair
✅
Full fair market value at time of
conversion
Conversion
Trespass to Land
Trespass to LandPrivate Necessity
Trespass to LandPublic Necessity
Private Nuisance
Special Damages
✅
No proof of actual damages
req’d
✅
✅
✅
Not liable for dmg if actions reas. or reas. belief that necessity existed, even if initial entry not nec.
✅
P suffered special harm diff. from
gen. public
Public Nuisance
Negligence
NIED
S/L
Strict Products
Liability
Defamation
Invasion of Privacy
Intentional
Misrepresentation
• P who suffers only economic loss w/out any related personal inj. or property dmg can’t
recover in neg.
•If P can prove personal inj. or prop. dmg, then P can recover those dmgs & also economic
dmgs.
✅
MOST JDXS req. some physical
manifestation of distress (e.g.,
nausea, insomnia, or miscarriage)
Negligent
Misrepresentation
Intentional
Interference with
Business Relations