Because they think protectionism would prevent countries from raisin their living standard and income. - Improve balance of trade/payment - Competing with foreign companies - Protect strategy industries and infant industries - Reduce a balance of payment deficit - Protect against dumping - Because they would industrialize in order to counteract what they saw as a inevitable fall in commodities pace and to protect the infant industries. Because of IMF pressure on the obligation to export as much as possible and export leads to growth.