FLOWCHART OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE CENTURIES
1100 BC
• Practive of the
four managerial
functions by the
Chinese.
400-350 BC
• Development of
a scientific
approach to
work by the
Greeks.
• Practive of
management
decentralization
by the Romans.
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• Venetians
improved
production by
standardising
assembly lines,
using an
inventory
system, and
building
warehoused.
1780-1840
• emergence of
economy of
scale which
reduced
manufacturing
costs during
the Industrial
Revolution
Early 20th
Century
• Business
school
flourished.
Some notable
schools
established at
that time were
Wharton
School and
Amos Tuck
Schhol
20th Centruy to
Present
• US companies
enageg in
manufacturing
as the core
business
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
Studies the application of scientific methods and principles for the
purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency.
Emphasizes the importance of labor in the production process and
focuses on improving the efficiency of workers in production.
Frederick W. Taylor
Henry Gantt
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Frederick W. Taylor
American Engineer, The Principles of Scientific Management
He introduced the 4 principles of Scientific Management
1. Replace rule-of-thumb methods with those that are scientifically
proven.
2. Select, train, and develop each worker based on scientific methods.
3. Cooperate with the workers to ensure that scientific methods are
being observed and implemented in their work.
4. Divide work between managers and workers.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY
Focuses on the overall management of an organization, emphasizing
the role of manager as administrators of the organization
HENRI FAYOL
Developed the five functions of management:
1. planning
2. organizing
3. communicating
4. coordinating
5. controlling
the 14 principles of management
1. Division of work
2. Authority
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity if direction
6. Predominance of the general interest
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability and tenure of personnel
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps
Max Weber
German sociologist, contributed to the development of administrative
management
He believed that bureaucratic structures allow for specialization of skills
and enable workers with different traits, skills, and goals to work
together and contribute toward performing a common task.
Other contrubutors to the development of
administrative management theory:
1. Chester Barnard - The Functions of the Executive
a. to formulate the organization’s mission
b. to hire key employees, and
c. to maintain organizational communication
2. Mary Parker Follet - Dynamic Organization
emphasizes the ever-changing situations that managers have to deal
with.