Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula 8 Zest for Progress Z P eal of artnership Science Grade 8 Quarter 2 - Module 5 Managing the Effects of Typhoons Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________________ Name of School: ___________________________ Managing the Effects of Typhoons Module 5 What I Need to Know This module was designed to help you master the skill of tracing the path of typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) using a map and tracking data (S8ES-IIf-21) and be able to explain how typhoon is affected by landmasses and bodies of water. The module contains the lesson on Managing the Effects of Typhoons. After going through this module, you are expected to be able to: 1. Visualize the boundaries of the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR); 2. Trace the path of the typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) using a map and tracking data; 3. Explain the effect of landmasses and bodies of water on typhoons; and 4. Plan for the possible effects of typhoons. All activities in this module will be rated using the following rubric: SCORING CRITERIA Quality of Responses 4 Responses are all logical, clear, and exhibit critical thinking. 2.4 Work Attitude Used time well and focused attention on the activity. Submitted before deadline. 0.8 The work is presented in a complete, neat, Neatness and clear, and Organization organized fashion that is easy to read. 0.8 1.0 – 2.0 = 70 – 80 3 Responses are logical and exhibit critical thinking but are unclear. There are 1 to 2 incorrect answers. 1.8 Used time pretty well. Stayed focused on the activity most of the time. Submitted on time. 0.6 The work is usually easy to read and organized but was not complete and/or neat. 2 Responses make sense but do not exhibit critical thinking. There are 3 to 4 incorrect answers. 1.2 Responses do not make sense and does not exhibit critical thinking. There are 5 or more incorrect answers. Did the activity but did not appear very interested. Submitted late. Participation was minimal. Submitted work 7 days after the deadline. 0.4 0.2 The work presented may be hard to read at times. The work appears sloppy and unorganized. It is hard to know what information goes together. 0.6 2.1 – 3.0 = 81 – 90 1 0.4 1 % 60 0.6 0.2 3.1 – 4.0 = 91 – 100 20 20 What’s In 100 Have you gone treasure hunting? Where you able to find treasures? In today’s activity, help me make a treasure map based on my Lolo’s tale. According to him, his father once showed him where they hid a pot of gold coins and various crystals. The details are described below. Draw the path to the treasure using the grid lines below. Each grid line represents 100-meter distance. Include symbols to your drawing to indicate landmarks. Draw a broken line from one point to another. Mark the spot where the treasure is with a big red “x” mark (x). Remember, you can use the sun as reference to determine which side is right (east), left (west), forward (north), and backward (south). The first path has been done for you. • Lolo recalls they started walking at sunrise (right). • From Mang Caloy’s house • When they reached the forest the tallest mango tree . I know the sun rises in the east , they walked 2000 m towards the right. , they walked forward about 500 m towards . • They then walked another 400 m to the left, until they reached a stream • From here, they walked 1000 m towards a coconut tree • When you climb the coconut tree, you will see a cave • When you enter the cave, walk 300 m to the right then walk 700 m backwards. Mark this spot with an x. . 500 m forward. sunrise 2 . Excellent! You have created a path towards the treasure. Plotting points known as coordinates help us locate places and trace paths. On a map, this is done using latitudes and longitudes. Recall what you’ve learned in Grade 7 on special lines of latitude and longitude. Latitudes are imaginary horizontal lines that indicates the distance north (above) or south (below) of the Equator. While, longitudes are imaginary vertical lines that measures the distance east (right) or west (left) of the Prime Meridian. The next activity will help us practice the skill of plotting points and reading maps. What’s New 100 Below is an image you are familiar with (Figure 1). Remember the landmasses and bodies of water that surrounds the Philippines? Identify them by filling the missing letters. Plot the following coordinates (latitude, longitude) on the map (Figure 1). 5°N, 135°E has been done for you. _hi__ T_i__n • • • • • _a____c __e__ B____o Figure 1. Map of the Philippines and vicinity. (Photo from DepEd Grade 8 Science Learner’s 3 Module) 5°N, 115°E 15°N, 115°E 21°N, 120°E 25°N, 120°E 25°N, 135°E Have you seen this area before? It is usually featured as part of the evening news. Especially when there is a low- pressure area near the Philippines. What does this area represent? _________ Why do you think is the eastern boundary much farther than the western? The coordinates in the previous activity show the boundaries of the Philippine Area of Responsibility. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) monitors this area to analyze and forecast tropical cyclones. Have you ever wondered where tropical cyclones originate? What makes it stronger? What can weaken tropical cyclones? Does it follow a specific direction? Let us look at the paths of Tropical Depression Chedeng (March 17-29, 2019), Tropical Depression Amang (January 19-21, 2019), and Typhoon Ompong (September 12-16, 2018) to know more about tropical cyclones. After which, you will be asked to plot the path of Tropical Storm Sendong (December 13-19, 2011) using the coordinates provided. Take note of the behavior of tropical cyclones as it moves over the waters and when it falls on land. 8AM, 16 Mar 2019 8AM, 17 Mar 2019 8AM, 18 Mar 2019 6AM, 19 Mar 2019 8AM, 15 Mar 2019 (Initial position) Figure 2. Track of tropical depression Chedeng. (Photo from DOST-PAGASA) Chedeng developed from a tropical disturbance in the Pacific Ocean. It was first noted as low-pressure area (LPA) in the afternoon of March 14. On the next day at 8:00 AM, it developed into Tropical Depression (TD) with an estimated maximum sustained wind of 45 km/h and central pressure of 1006 hPa. It entered the PAR at 11:00 AM of March 17 while it generally moved westward. It changed its course to generally west-southwestward (Figure 2) before it made landfall over Malita, Davao Occidental at around 5:00 AM of March 19. Shortly after its landfall, the TD weakened into an LPA due to land interaction and lack of moisture (DOST-PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Report). Amang was initially analyzed as a LPA in the Pacific Ocean on January 4, 2019. It moved slowly 5PM, 21 Jan 2019 westward and entered the PAS as an LPA at 10:00 AM of 8AM, 21 Jan 2019 January 19. It was estimated that the LPA developed into a TD at 8AM, 20 Jan 2019 8:00 PM of January 19 with 8PM, 19 Jan 2019 estimated maximum winds of 45 (Initial position) km/h. On January 20 at around 8:00 PM Amang made its first landfall over Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte. After its Figure 3. Track of tropical depression Amang. landfall, it continued to move northwestward and made its (Photo from DOST-PAGASA) 4 second landfall over Salcedo, Eastern Samar at 7:30 AM of January 21. Then, it gradually changed its course from northwestward to generally northward (Figure 3). On 5:00 PM of January 21, Amang weakened into LPA while it was located east of Catarman, Northern Samar (DOST-PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Report). Ompong developed from an area of low pressure situated over the Pacific 2AM, 16 Sept. 2018 Ocean in the 8AM, 15 Sept. 2018 evening of September 7, 8AM, 14 Sept. 2018 2018. Twelve 8AM, 13 Sept. 2018 hours later, it 8AM, 12 Sept. 2018 reached tropical storm (TS) 2AM, 12 Sept. 2018 intensity. Ompong Super Typhoon maintained a Typhoon steady westward Severe Tropical Storm pace due to the Tropical Storm influence of high Tropical Depression pressure situated Low Pressure Area to the north of the Figure 4. Track of Typhoon Ompong. system. At 2:00 (Photo from DOST-PAGASA) AM on September 9, Ompong intensified into a severe tropical storm (STS) while traversing the Pacific Ocean. The STS continued to move westward. Then, at 2:00 PM, Ompong had reached typhoon (TY) intensity. The typhoon continued moving generally westward while gradually increasing in intensity. At around 8:00 AM on September 11, the typhoon reached its peak intensity of 205 km/h and maintained its intensity as it entered the PAR on September 12 at 3:00 PM. While inside the PAR, Figure 4 shows Ompong gradually started its gradual transition from westward to a more westnorthwestward movement as it moves along the periphery of the weaker portion of the high pressure area. The typhoon made landfall over Baggao, Cagayan at 1:40 AM on September 15. Interaction with the rugged terrain of Northern Luzon caused the typhoon to weaken significantly. Ompong left the landmass of Luzon at around 10:00 AM on September 15 and then left the PAR later that day at 9:00 PM with an estimated maximum sustained wind of 145 km/h and gustiness of up to 165 km/h. The typhoon continued northwestward towards Southern China where it made landfall (DOST-PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Report). Now it’s your turn to plot the path of Tropical Storm (TS) Sendong. Use the data in Table 2 to track the location of TS Sendong. Refer to the Month/Day/Time column and follow the sequence of locations. Plot the coordinates on the map provided (Figure 5). You may use Figure 2 to Figure 4 as reference. 5 Table 1. Tracking Data of Tropical Storm Sendong (December 13-19, 2011)* Sample Plots Plot the following points Month/Day Latitude Longitude Month/Day Latitude Longitude /Time (°N) (°E) /Time (°N) (°E) 12/13/06 6.00 145.10 12/13/12 6.40 143.30 12/13/18 6.00 141.70 12/14/00 5.90 140.60 12/14/06 6.20 139.00 12/14/12 6.70 137.70 12/14/18 7.00 136.30 12/15/00 7.20 134.30 12/15/06 7.60 132.30 12/15/12 7.70 130.80 12/15/18 7.50 129.10 12/16/00 7.40 128.10 12/16/06 8.00 126.80 12/16/12 8.40 125.50 12/16/18 8.50 123.80 12/17/00 9.10 122.40 12/17/06 9.20 121.50 12/17/12 9.60 120.40 12/17/18 10.20 119.00 12/18/00 10.90 117.60 12/18/06 10.30 115.70 12/18/12 9.90 114.60 12/18/18 9.60 113.90 12/19/00 9.10 112.90 *Data from Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module 26°N 114°E 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144°E 26°N 24 24 22 22 20 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4°N 114°E 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144°E 4°N Figure 5. Map of the Philippine Area of Responsibility (Photo from typhoon2000.ph) Try to answer the following questions. If you find it too difficult, you can always go back and look for the answers in the previous pages. In what ocean did the tropical cyclones develop? In what direction do the tropical cyclones generally move? What causes the movement of cyclones in this direction? 6 How do tropical cyclones weaken? What causes the increase in intensity of tropical cyclones? What do you think would the people in Baggao, Cagayan experience when Ompong made landfall? Can tropical cyclones be beneficial? Why or why not? What is It The activities you have completed allowed you to trace the path of tropical cyclones that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). In combination with what you’ve learned in the previous module on how tropical cyclones develop, you were able to understand the behavior of tropical cyclones. There are at least 20 tropical cyclones that enter the country. As you have observed, the location of the Philippines makes it prone to experience typhoons. The country is located just above the equator, along the west Pacific Ocean, where it receives enough heating from the sun, causing the surrounding bodies of water to warm up. This leads to the development of low-pressure areas which eventually turns into tropical cyclones. Thus, it is important to stay informed about the weather. The government agency responsible for monitoring and forecasting on the weather and other climatological conditions of the country is the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), which is under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). They conduct studies on the formation, development, and movement of typhoons to help lessen the negative effects (hazards) brought about by typhoons. They also issue weather bulletins and advisories every 6 hours when tropical cyclones enter the PAR and is believed to hit land. When the tropical cyclone is not expected to make landfall, they release weather bulletins every 12 hours. When tropical cyclones stay/cross warm waters, it intensifies as it is continuously supplied by rising warm air and high humidity. Upon reaching landfall, it weakens as it faces cool dry air and move over large land mass. The mountain ranges and forest rich in trees increase the friction encountered by tropical cyclones causing it to weaken and block the moisture in the wind making the air masses dry. Additionally, its strength lessens as it travels over cooler sea surface temperature and move to regions with high vertical wind shear. Generally, tropical cyclones move in a westward direction along with the prevailing wind systems. This often spares Central and Southern Mindanao from typhoons but is still susceptible to weather disturbances which may bring more rain because of the surrounding bodies of water. 7 PAGASA releases Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) based on the intensity, size, circulation, the forecast direction, and wind speed of the tropical cyclone. You will learn more about this in the next activity. What’s More 100 As you relax with your family, invite them to perform the next activity with you. You may also perform the activity alone. Make copies of the game cards below based on the number of players. Prepare ten (10) one-peso coins or pebbles per player and one plastic cup. For one to three players you Player Info Player Info Player Info only need 1 set of player info Farmer Fisherfolk Office Staff cards. For four to six players living by living by the living in the you need 2 sets of player info the hillside. shore. city. cards. PSWS 1 Wind Speed: 30-60 kph Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 36 hr Damage: 1 PSWS 2 Wind Speed: 60-100 kph Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 24 hr Damage: 3 Trees: twigs and branches (small trees) Banana Tree: tilt or uprooted Coconut Tree: no effect House: few nipa partially unroofed Crops: flowering rice may suffer significant damage Trees: few big trees uprooted Banana Tree: fall Coconut Tree: tilt or break House: most nipa maybe unroofed; some old galvanized iron roofs peeled off Crops: corn and rice badly affected Community: Light to Moderate Damage PSWS 3 Wind Speed: 100-185 kph Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 18 hr Damage: 5 PSWS 4 Wind Speed: >185 kph Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 12 hr Damage: 7 Trees: large number of big trees uprooted Banana Tree: almost all are destroyed Coconut Tree: a number destroyed House: majority nipa unroofed or destroyed; light to medium construction damaged Crops: corn and rice heavy damage Other: electrical power, communication and internet disruption Community: Moderate to Heavy Damage Trees: almost all big trees uprooted Banana Tree: all are uprooted Coconut Tree: widespread damage House: severe damage to majority of structures (residential and buildings) Crops: corn and rice severe losses Other: electrical power, communication and internet severely disrupted Community: Heavy Damage Hazard (hillside) Heavy Rainfall River overflows, flashfloods, landslides and mudslides Hazard (city) Strong Winds Hazard (shore) Storm Surge Can destroy vehicles, houses, & buildings; blow loose deadly debris; destroy wirings; uproot trees 8 Abnormal rise in the sea level due to strong surface winds; high and strong tidal waves; flashfloods Benefit Cleanses air pollution suspended in the atmosphere Benefit Contribute 40 to 50% rains in the annual rainfall distribution of the country Benefit Normally triggers the onset of the rainy season Benefit Stirs stagnant lakes, rivers, and bays Benefit Helps replenish empty dams and water reservoirs Benefit Ceases warm conditions especially in dry areas Prepare 2 sets of PSWS, Hazard, and Benefit Cards for one to three players and 4 sets for four to six players. To start the game, each player picks a Player Info card. This will serve as your identity throughout the game. You can use a maximum of four (4) coins/pebbles to serve as investments in banana trees, coconut trees, and crops. Assign one (1) coin as your house. Five (5) coins will serve as extras and will be used when a Benefit Card is drawn. Stack the PSWS Cards, Hazard Cards, and Benefits Cards separately. The PSWS Cards indicate the effects of a tropical cyclone. This will affect your investments. Remove as many investments as indicated in the damage (i.e., Damage: 3 = remove 3 coin/pebble investments). The Hazard Cards shows the negative effects of tropical cyclones. This will affect your house based on its location (i.e., Storm Surge = remove houses on the shore). The Benefit Cards show the positive effects of tropical cyclones. When played, this will allow you to add one (1) investment coin or one (1) house coin. To start the game, flip the plastic cup. If it lands on its side , draw one PSWS card. If it lands on its mouth , draw one Hazard card. If it lands on its base , draw one Benefit card. Take turns flipping the plastic cup and reading the effects of tropical cyclones. The game ends when all players have used up their extra five (5) coins. The player with the greatest number of investments and houses wins. What strategies did you use to win the game? How much did you initially spend on investments? Do you think it’s wise to have plenty of investments initially or is it better to save for rainy days? Why? What made you lose? Which type of card (PSWS, Hazard, Benefit) was played the most? What does this tell you about the frequency of tropical cyclones? Even though our region is not usually hit by tropical cyclones, we can still experience the same hazards such as heavy rainfall, what can you do to lessen the impact on your investments/home? 9 What I Have Learned 100 Continue reflecting on managing the effects of tropical cyclones by completing the phrases below: I have learned that the Philippine Area of Responsibility . The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration . The Philippines is prone to typhoons because . You can trace the path of typhoons using . You will then understand that landmasses and bodies of water affect the intensity of typhoons causing it to increase when and decrease when . We should stay informed about the weather. Public Storm Warning Signals indicate . The higher the PSWS, the the damage felt. Hazards that may accompany tropical cyclones are . But tropical cyclones also have benefits, such as . Great work! Now that you know more about the effect of typhoons, you can lessen the damages by knowing what to do. Answer the next activity, to evaluate your knowledge on precautionary measures to lessen the risk brought about by typhoons. 10 What I Can Do Read the statements below and indicate which should be done Before (B), During (D), or After (A) a typhoon. Place an (x) for items that do not help in typhoon situations. The first one has been done for you. _____1. B _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____6. _____7. _____8. _____9. Prepare an emergency kit. Leave pets outside the house. Make an emergency plan with your family. Store enough supplies of food and potable water. Check every family member. Someone might need first aid. Stay together as much as possible and have time for prayer. Close the windows, doors, and the main valve of the LPG tank. Boil the water for at least 20 minutes if potable water is unavailable. Keep yourself updated by listening, watching, or reading latest weather forecasts. _____10. Report immediately to the authorities any fallen electric posts with damaged electrical cables. _____11. Remove water that has accumulated in tires, cans, or any container which can be favorable breeding place for mosquitoes. 10 20 Assessment Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer. 1. What is the shape of the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)? A. B. C. D. 2. Which of the following correctly describes the Philippine Area of Responsibiltiy? A. All LPA within the PAR are called bagyo. B. PAGASA does not monitor outside PAR. C. Western boundary is much farther than the eastern. D. Eastern boundary is much farther than the western. 3. Do tropical cyclones develop within the PAR only? A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Don’t know 4. Which government agency monitors weather disturbances? A. Philippine Volcanology and Seismology B. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology C. Philippine Astronomic, Geophysical, and Atmospherical Services Administration D. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration 5. A weather forecaster reports that a typhoon will enter the PAR at 6:00AM tomorrow. What does this mean? A. The typhoon will be closely monitored by PAGASA for possible landfall. B. The typhoon will become stronger at 6:00 AM tomorrow. C. The typhoon will become weaker at 6:00 AM tomorrow. D. It will reach landfall by 6:00AM tomorrow. For items 6 – 10: Refer to the data in Error! Reference source not found.3 to answer the questions that follow. 6 - 9. Plot the path taken by Typhoon Zyxa on December 14 from 12:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Use Table 2. Tracking Data of Typhoon Zyxa the gridlines provided below Month/Day/ Latitude Longitude Time (°N) (°E) 12/14/00 5.20 140.40 12/14/06 6.50 139.30 12/14/12 6.70 137.50 12/14/18 7.00 136.20 10. In what direction did Typhoon Zyxa move? A. northward B. eastward C. westward 11. Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons? A. We are located in the Ring of Fire. B. Sun always warms the water near the equator. C. Typhoons move towards the northeast. D. Most typhoons develop in the Indian Ocean. 11 D. southward 12. If you live in the Philippines, where should you stay to avoid typhoons? A. Luzon, it is not on the path of typhoons. B. Visayas, it is at the middle. C. Visayas, it has a lot of mountain ranges. D. Mindanao, it is seldom affected by typhoons. 13. What does a typhoon need to sustain or increase its intensity? A. warm land B. warm water C. cold land D. cold water 14. What will happen to the strength of the typhoon as it reaches land? A. It will move slowly to cause more damage. B. It will move faster to reach the warm water. C. It will weaken due to the absence of warm water. D. It will be stronger due to the absence of warm water. 15. How can forests filled with trees affect the strength of typhoons? A. Forests increases friction encountered by typhoons, reducing its strength. B. Forests increases friction encountered by typhoons, increasing strength. C. Forests decreases friction encountered by typhoons, increasing strength. D. Forests decreases friction encountered by typhoons, decreasing strength. 16. When PAGASA raises Public Storm Waning Signal (PSWS) 2, which of the following can be expected? A. The tropical cyclone may occur at least 12 hours from the release of the weather bulletin. B. The tropical cyclone may cause heavy damage to the community. C. Rice and corn crops will be safe. D. Some old galvanized iron roofs maybe peeled off. 17. What should NOT be included in an emergency kit? A. Electric wires C. Potable water B. Canned goods D. Important documents 18. Which area will be greatly affected by a storm surge? A. hillside B. shoreline C. caves D. city 19. In what way can tropical cyclones be a benefit? A. Replenishes dams C. Causes the sea level to rise B. Increases air pollution D. Elevate water levels in rivers 20. If there is a need for evacuation, which of the following should be observed? A. Leave pets outside to guard the house. B. Bring all your appliances and furniture with you. C. Walk along the path leading to a body of water. D. Close the windows, doors, and the main valve of the LPG tank. 12 Additional Activities 100 Visit the HazardHunterPH website (https://hazardhunter.georisk.gov.ph) to find out if the location of your house is prone to hydro-meteorological hazards. Input your address in the search bar. Double click on your location to generate the hazard assessment. Scroll down to hydro-meteorological hazard assessment and record the following information: Flood Rain-Induced Landslide Storm Surge Severe Wind If you do not have access to the internet, check your house and surrounding areas. Record your observations. Indicate the type and quality of materials (ex. old, new, leaking, clogged, broken, short branches, galvanized iron, nipa) Roof Windows Door/Gate Walls Drainage Surrounding areas (trees, distance to river, mountain, sea) Based on this assessment, what can you infer about the safety of your family during typhoons? What increases your risk for hazards posed by typhoons? How can you reduce your risk for hazards? 13 Answer Key-Gr8Q2W5 Science 14 References Books: Department of Education. (2013.) Grade 8 learner’s module. Department of Education Madriaga, E.A., Valdoz, M.P., Aquino, M.D., & Castillo, M.A.B. (2015). Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Rex Book Store. Webinar: Ordinario, R.C. (2020, August 18). Basic Meteorology for Teachers: PAGASA’s Weather Forecasting and Warning Services. Webinar presented by the Philippine Meteorological Society Inc. Website: Tropical Cyclone Guide: How to Plot Typhoons. https://www.typhoon2000.ph/ TCGuide.htm Tropical Cyclone Summaries. http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tropicalcyclone/tropical-cyclone-summary Development Team Writer: Editors: Region IX Hymn OUR EDEN LAND Diane C. Maquilan Margie Lou C. Jacob Laarni A. Adonis Kathleen Joy B. Padilla Joly C. Baradero Sandy R. Albarico Here the trees and flowers bloom, Here the breezes gently blow, Here the birds sing merrily, And liberty forever stays, Reviewer: Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Majarani M. Jacinto, CESO VI SDS-ZDS Here the Badjaos swam the seas, Here the Samals live in peace, Here the Tausogs thrive so free, With the Yakans in unity. Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D ASDS Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D ASDS Juliet A. Magallanes, Ed.D CID Chief Gallant men And Ladies fair, Linger with love and care, Florencio R. Caballero, DTE EPS-LRMDS Sandy R. Albarico EPS -Science 15 Golden beams of sunrise and sunset, Are visions you’ll never forget. Oh! That’s Region IX... Hardworking people abound, Every valley and dale Zamboangenos, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanens, Boholanos, Illongos, All of them are proud and true Region IX our Eden Land. Region IX, our Eden Land.