MUGHAL EMPIRE1
CHAPTER:5
HISTORY
BY AARAV 7-C(MAKING PPT AND RESEARCH)
ANIRUDHA 7-C(RESEARCH)
DHAIRYA 7-C(RESEARCH)
Babur
Babur
He was the first Mughal emperor of India His mother
was descended from Genghis Khan, his father was
descended from Timur. At the age of twelve, he
inherited the throne and had to flee the territory as an
outcome of an Uzbeg invasion. He was invited to
fight with Ibrahim Lodi by Rana Sanga and Daulat
Khan Lodi. We know about him mostly through his
autobiography Tuzuk-i-Baburi. He was also a Poet.
He died in AD 1530
Battles fought by Babur
The First Battle Of Panipat
The forces of Babur and
Ibrahim Lodi met in Panipat
in AD1526. The force of
Babur was small but more
advanced and better
organized.
The significance of the First
Battle Of Panipat is that it
set up the base for Mughal
rule in India and ended the
rule of the Delhi Sultanate.
It also made Babur very
rich.
Battles fought by Babur
The First Battle Of Panipat
The forces of Babur and
Ibrahim Lodi met in Panipat
in AD 1256. The force of
Babur was smaller but more
advanced and better
organized.
The significance of the First
Battle Of Panipat is that it
set up the base for Mughal
rule and ended the rule of
the Delhi Sultanate. It also
made Babur very rich.
The Battle of Khanua
When Rana Sanga and Daulat
Khan Lodi invited Babur to
invade India. They thought he
would leave India but they
were wrong. Then Rana Sanga
along with other Rajputs
grouped and challenged him to
a battle in Khanua in AD 1256
but were defeated.
Battles Fought By Babur
The First Battle Of Panipat
The forces of Babur and
Ibrahim Lodi met in Panipat
in AD 1256. The force of
Babur was smaller but more
advanced and better
organized.
The significance of the First
Battle Of Panipat is that it
set up the base for Mughal
rule and ended the rule of
the Delhi Sultanate. It also
made Babur very rich.
The Battle of Khanua
The Battle of Chanderi
When Rana Sanga and Daulat
Khan Lodi invited Babur to
invade India. They thought he
would leave India but they
were wrong. Then Rana Sanga
along with other Rajputs
grouped and challenged him to
a battle in Khanua in AD 1256
but were defeated.
It was during AD 1528.
He attacked Chanderi in
Malva which was a
Rajput stronghold, and
managed to capture one
of its fort further
consolidating his
position in India
Battles Fought By Babur
The First Battle Of Panipat
The forces of Babur and
Ibrahim Lodi met in Panipat
in AD 1256. The force of
Babur was smaller but more
advanced and better
organized.
The significance of the First
Battle Of Panipat is that it
set up the base for Mughal
rule and ended the rule of
the Delhi Sultanate. It also
made Babur very rich.
The Battle of Khanua
The Battle of Chanderi
The Battle of Ghaghara
When Rana Sanga and Daulat
Khan Lodi invited Babur to
invade India. They thought he
would leave India but they
were wrong. Then Rana Sanga
along with other Rajputs
grouped and challenged him to
a battle in Khanua in AD 1256
but were defeated.
It was during AD 1528.
He attacked Chanderi in
Malva which was a
Rajput stronghold, and
managed to capture one
of its fort further
consolidating his
position in India
In AD 1529, Many Afghans
regrouped under Mahmud Lodi
And with the Sultan of Bengal.
In this battle, Babur won again
and as well as consolidating his
position in Bengal.
Humayun (1530-1540 AD and 1555-1556 AD )
Mirza Nasir ud-din Baig Muhammad was his real name.
At the time he inherited the throne, Mughal finances were
in bad shape. Also, he had many problems to look after,
such as facing resistance from Rajputs. His main Rivals
were Sher Shah Suri and Bahadur Shah. Two main wars he
fought were
1.
War with Bahadur Shah: Bahadur Shah had a strong,
Morden army because of this he conquered Malwa.
But when he attacked Humayun. Mughals won. But
he later re-captured the territory.
2.
War with Sher Shah Suri: In AD 1532 he won but, in
AD 1539 and AD 1540 their forces met again at
Chuasa and Kannuj respectively he lost and had to
escape
Fun Fact: At Chausa to save his life Humayun jumped into
a river and almost drowned but a water carrier saw him
and saved him. In return he put him on the throne for a day
Sher Shah Suri’s real name was Farid. He was originally entrusted
with the task of administration of his father’s Jagir. But had to
leave home due to his stepmother’s jealousy. He asked the ruler of
Bihar for employment and was accepted. He was given the title
Sher Khan for defeating a tiger single-handedly. He managed to
Conquer almost the whole of North India.
The dynasty founded by him was known as the Sur Dynasty. He
died in AD 1555 during a bid to capture Kalinjar Fort in
Bundelkhand
The Administration Of Sher Shah Suri
1. His system of governance was well-organized and highly
centralized. He even placed his powerful army under his direct
control.
2. Sher Shah divided his empire into 47 provinces or sarkars, which
were further divided into districts, called Parganas.
3. He was a secular ruler who considered all his subjects equal and
established an efficient system of justice
4. The Parganas hada. Amins to deal with civil cases. Qazis to deal with criminal cases.
b. Sher Shah himself was the highest judicial authority in the empire.
c. The chief source of income for him was land revenue.
d. He reformed the currency system and introduced rupia.
e. He built several roads. One of them being the Grand Trunk Road.
Rupia
AKBAR (AD 1556 – AD 1605) Akbar was born during his father,
Humayun’s exile from India. He was only 13 years old when Humayun died,
leaving the Mughal throne to him. Akbar was guided by his father's friend
Bairam Khan. Humayun had appointed Bairam Khan as Akbar's guardian and
regent.
During the time of Akbar
Military Campaigns
The forces of Akbar and Hemu
met in Panipat in AD 1556. The
battle that followed is known as
the Second Battle of Panipat.
Akbar successfully managed to
defeat Hemu, who was
captured and put to death. The
battle helped assert Mughal
authority over the Afghans. He
focused on expanding His
empire. To include Qandahar,
Kashmir, Kabul and the Deccan
provinces of Berar, Khandesh
and parts of Ahmadnagar.
During the time of Akbar
Military Campaigns
Administration
The forces of Akbar and Hemu
met in Panipat in AD 1556. The
battle that followed is known as
the Second Battle of Panipat.
Akbar successfully managed to
defeat Hemu, who was
captured and put to death. The
battle helped assert Mughal
authority over the Afghans. He
focused on expanding His
empire. To include Qandahar,
Kashmir, Kabul, and the
Deccan provinces of Berar,
Khandesh, and parts of
Ahmadnagar.
1. qazi– Head of the judicial
system
2. Bakshi- In charge of
paying soldier
3. Sadrs- Organization
donation
4. Faujdar- Comaders of
army
5. Kotwals- In charge of
police
6. Diwan- In charge of
financial matter
During the time of Akbar
Military Campaigns
Administration
Mansabdari System
The forces of Akbar and Hemu
met in Panipat in AD 1556. The
battle that followed is known as
the Second Battle of Panipat.
Akbar successfully managed to
defeat Hemu, who was
captured and put to death. The
battle helped assert Mughal
authority over the Afghans. He
focused on expanding His
empire. To include Qandahar,
Kashmir, Kabul, and the
Deccan provinces of Berar,
Khandesh, and parts of
Ahmadnagar.
1. qazi– Head of the judicial
system
2. Bakshi- In charge of
paying soldier
3. Sadrs- Organization
donation
4. Faujdar- Comaders of
army
5. Kotwals- In charge of
police
6. Diwan- In charge of
financial matter
It was a grading system. He
employed Nobles who
supplied him with troops.
They were given a grade
called zat. The Higher the
zat the higher the salary.
They had to get their sawar
registered. They were either
paid in cash or were given a
piece of land from which
they could collect revenue
Akbar’s
Policies
A
B
C
D
Taxation Policy
Rajput Policy
Religious Policy
Art and Architecture
Tax on farm produce was the
chief source of income for the
Mughals. This
tax
was
collected by Village headmen
or local chieftains, known as
zamindars. Akbar's revenue
minister, Todar Mal, surveyed
areas under farming, crop
yields, and prices of crops for
10. These taxes differed
according to the revenue circle
and had to be in cash, rather
than produce. This system was
known as zabt. Akbar also
made efforts to ensure farmers
were not exploited. Farmers
were given loans to buy seeds
and cattle.
The Mughals were constantly at war
with rulers who didn't accept their
authority. So they captured the
territories and gave them back to the
rulers to rule on behalf of the
Mughals. Akbar used this policy to
win the support of Rajputs. He gave
the Mughals high positions in his
administration. Raja Todar Mal and
Birbal were among the high-ranking
officials in Akbar’s court. Akbar also
entered the matrimonial alliances to
strengthen his relationship with
Rajputs. He married Jodha Bai, the
Rajput princess of Amber. His son
also married into a Rajput royal
family . His policy of religious
tolerance also helped him win the
loyalty of the Rajputs
Akbar followed a policy of religious
tolerance towards Hindus and employed
them in his army. He even took part in
Hindu festivals and allowed the
construction of temples. He abolished the
jizya and another tax imposed on
Hindus.Sulh-i-kul: Akbar is credited with
the idea of sulh-i-kul or 'universal peace',
wherein people were tolerant of other
religions. Ibadat Khana: 1 Akbar had a
keen interest in religious and socia l
customs followed by people fro m
different faiths. He constructed a hall in
Fatehpur Sikri where these discussions
took place. This hall was known as Ibadat
Khana. Din-i-ilahi: 1 Akbar started a
religious path called the Din-i ilahi, which
prohibited the killing of animals and the
practice of 'sati' burning of widows in
their husbands’ pyres. Also encouraged
people to stop eating meat. Akbar did not
force anyone to follow this path. Raja
Birbal was among the few who followed
Din-i-ilahi
Akbar was a patron of art and
culture . A new form of art - which
combined Persian and Indian
elements. His court included nine
talented men, called nav ratanas or
nine jewels such as Raja Birbal,
Raja Todar Mal, Tansen, Abul
Fazal, Raja Man Singh, and Faizi.
He built the city of Victory, near
Agra, to celebrate his win over
Gujarat. He chose the site out of respect
for a Muslim mystic called Sheikh Salim
Chishti, who predicted Akbar would have
three sons. It combines both Hindu and
Islamic styles of architecture. The tomb of
Humayun, second Mughal Emperor of
India, was built by his widow, Biga
Begum (Hajji Begum), in 1569-70, 14
years after his death, at 1.5 million rupees.
The architect was Mirak Mirza Ghiyath
Questions
1. Name 5 out of 9 Navratna of Akbar’s Court
2. What is Another name for Fatehpur Sikri?
3. In the early days, Akbar was guided by ……
4. Under Akbar’s administration, Bakshis were…..
5. What is Din-i-Ilahi?
6. Which is the main source of Information about Babur’s Life?
7. What was the real name of Sher Shah?
“
History cannot give us a program for the future,
but it can give us a fuller understanding of
ourselves, and our common humanity so that we
can better face the future
Thank You
”