Introduction to Information Systems
Sixth Canadian Edition
Rainer, Prince, Sanchez-Rodriguez,
Ebrahimi, Splettstoesser
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Information Systems
Learning Objective 4
Identify positive and negative societal effects of the
increased use of information technology.
2
1.4 Importance of Information
Systems to Society
• IT Affects Our Quality of Life
• The Robot Revolution is Here Now
• The Emergence of Cognitive Computing: IBM
Watson
• IT Impacts Health Care
3
IT Affects Our Quality of Life
• IT has changed the way we work
o
o
The lines between time at work and leisure time at
home have become blurred
Surveys indicate employees take laptops and
smartphones on vacation
4
The Robot Revolution is Here Now
• Industrial robots versus cobots
o
Amazon Robotics
• Drones
• Autonomous vehicles
5
The Emergence of Cognitive
Computing: IBM Watson
IBM has labelled the type of processing demonstrated
by Watson as cognitive computing. Watson has four
primary capabilities:
• The ability to understand human language, with all
of its nuance and ambiguity
• The ability to learn and absorb information
• The ability to formulate hypotheses
• The ability to understand the context of a question
6
IT Impacts Healthcare
• IT used in healthcare to:
o
o
o
o
o
Make better/faster diagnoses
Streamline the process of researching and developing
new drugs
To enhance the work of radiologists
Allow surgeons to use virtual reality to plan complex
surgeries and use robots to remotely perform surgery
Allow doctors to discuss complex medical cases via
videoconferencing
7
Closing Case: Hybrid Work Means
Hybrid Meetings
•
•
•
•
The background
The problems
A variety of solutions
The conclusion
• Questions:
1. What complications arise when some participants are in person
and others are remote?
2. What role might AI play in making meetings more productive?
3. How can you use your computer to be better prepared for
online meetings?
8
Copyright
Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the author.
All rights reserved. Students and instructors who are authorized users of this course
are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the
course. No part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how
to obtain permission to reuse this material is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
9
Introduction to Information Systems
Sixth Canadian Edition
Rainer, Prince, Sanchez-Rodriguez,
Ebrahimi, Splettstoesser
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Information Systems
Learning Objective 3
Discuss ways in which information technology can
affect managers and nonmanagerial workers.
2
1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?
•
•
•
•
•
IT Impacts Entire Industries
IT Reduces the Number of Middle Managers
IT Changes the Manager’s Job
Will IT Eliminate Jobs?
IT Impacts Employees at Work
3
How Does IT Impact Organizations?
Examples
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Book Industry
Music Industry
Video Industry
Software Industry
Video Game Industry
Photography Industry
Marketing Industry
Recruiting Industry
• Financial Services
Industry
• Motion Picture
Industry
• Other industries that
operate primarily in
the physical world
4
IT Reduces the Number of Middle
Managers
• IT makes middle managers more productive
• Consequently, IT reduces the number of middle
managers required
5
IT Changes the Manager’s Job
• Decision making is the most important managerial
task
• IT changes the way managers make decisions
o
o
o
IT provides near-real-time information
Managers have less time to make decisions
IT provides tools for analysis to assist in decision
making
6
Will IT Eliminate Jobs?
• The competitive advantage of replacing people with
IT and machines is increasing rapidly
• Increasing the use of IT in business also:
o
o
Creates new job categories
Requires more employees with IT knowledge and
skills
7
IT Impacts Employees at Work
• IT impacts employees’ health and safety
o
o
Job stress
Long-term use of the keyboard
• IT provides opportunities for people with disabilities
o
o
Speech-recognition for employees unable to type due
to physical impairment
Audible screen tips for employees who are visually
impaired
8
FIGURE 1.6 Ergonomic products
protect computer users.
9
Copyright
Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the author.
All rights reserved. Students and instructors who are authorized users of this course
are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the
course. No part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how
to obtain permission to reuse this material is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
10
Introduction to Information Systems
Sixth Canadian Edition
Rainer, Prince, Sanchez-Rodriguez,
Ebrahimi, Splettstoesser
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Information Systems
Learning Objective 2
Describe the various types of computer-based
information systems in an organization.
2
1.2 Overview of Computer-Based
Information Systems
• Types of Computer-Based Information Systems
o
o
Data, Information, Knowledge
IT Infrastructure
• IT Components
• IT Personnel
• IT Services
3
FIGURE 1.2 Data, information, and
knowledge.
4
FIGURE 1.3 Computer-based
information systems.
5
FIGURE 1.4 IT inside your organization.
6
IT Components
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hardware
Software
Database
Network
Procedures
People
7
Major Capabilities of Information
Systems
TABLE 1.3 Major Capabilities of Information Systems
Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations.
Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and
among organizations.
Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access yet small space.
Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information
worldwide.
Analyze and interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently.
Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual tasks.
8
Types of Computer-Based Information
Systems
• Breadth of support of ISs
• Support for organizational employees
9
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems: FAIS
• Functional Area Information Systems (FAISs)
o
o
o
o
o
Accounting
Finance
Production & operations management
Marketing
HR
10
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems: ERP and TPS
• Two information systems support the entire
organization:
o
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Systems
• Provide communication among functional area ISs
o
Transaction processing systems (TPS)
• Support the “real time” monitoring, collection, storage,
and processing of data from the organization’s day-today operations
11
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems IOS
• Interorganizational information systems (IOS)
o
o
Supports many interorganizational operations
Examples of IOS:
• Supply chain management (SCM)
• Electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems
12
FIGURE 1.5 IS that function among
multiple organizations.
13
IT’s About Business 1.2
• Lululemon’s Success During and Despite Pandemic
COVID-19 Pandemic
• Questions:
1. What other digital initiatives Lululemon could employ
on its website to enhance its revenue from online
sales?
2. How can Lululemon better employ social media
platforms to increase brand awareness and/or
customer satisfaction?
14
Support for Organizational Employees
•
•
•
•
•
•
Clerical workers
Knowledge workers
Functional area information systems
Business analytics (BA) or business intelligence (BI)
Expert systems (ES)
Dashboards (aka digital dashboards)
15
TABLE 1.4 Types of Organizational ISs
Types of Organizational Information Systems
Type of System
Function
Example
Transaction processing
system
Processes transaction data from terminal
Walmart checkout point-of-sale
business events
Enterprise resource
planning
Integrates all functional areas of the
organization
Oracle, SAP system
Functional area IS
Supports the activities within a specific
functional area
System for processing payroll
Decision support system
Provides access to data and analysis tools
“What-if” analysis of changes in
budget
Expert system
Mimics human expert in a particular area and
makes decisions
Credit card approval analysis
Dashboards
Present structured, summarized information
about aspects of business important to
executives
Status of sales by product
Supply chain management
system
Manages flows of products, services, and
information among organizations
Walmart Retail Link system
connecting suppliers to Walmart
Electronic commerce
system
Enables transactions among organizations and
between organizations and customers
www.dell.com
16
Copyright
Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the author.
All rights reserved. Students and instructors who are authorized users of this course
are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the
course. No part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how
to obtain permission to reuse this material is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
17
Introduction to Information Systems
Sixth Canadian Edition
Rainer, Prince, Sanchez-Rodriguez,
Ebrahimi, Splettstoesser
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Information Systems
Learning Objective 1
Identify the reasons why being an informed user of
information systems is important in today’s world.
2
Opening Case
• Plus-Size Clothing Ads on Social Media
• Questions:
1. Identify and discuss three ways in which social media
can help plus-size clothing brands achieve success.
2. Identify and discuss three ways in which social media
can create challenges for plus-size clothing brands.
3. Identify and discuss ways in which social media can
impact body size inclusivity positively or negatively.
3
1.1 Why Should I Study Information
Systems?
• The Informed User—You!
• IT Offers Career Opportunities
• Managing Information Resources
4
IT’s About Business 1.1
• Informed Users Are an Important Part of Security
• Questions:
1. How did a hacker gain access to Uber's systems?
2. Define and discuss social engineering.
3. What steps should organizations take to better secure
their systems against social engineering attacks?
5
The Informed User—You!
1. You benefit more when you understand what is
“behind” IT applications
2. You will be aware of potential security issues and be
more prepared to avoid them
3. You can recommend and help select IT applications
4. You will be aware of new technology
5. You understand how IT improves performance
6. Understanding IT is beneficial to entrepreneurs
6
IT Offers Career Opportunities
• IT is vital to modern business, providing many
lucrative career opportunities:
o
o
o
Programmers, business analysts, systems analysts,
and designers
Chief information officer (CIO)—executive in charge
of the IS function
Career opportunities will remain strong in the future
7
Top Job Rankings: Randstad’s list of
top jobs in Canada
Randstad’s list of top jobs in Canada (out of 15)
#1 Software developer
#12 Business systems analyst
#14 Digital marketing coordinator
8
Top Job Rankings: LinkedIn
LinkedIn’s list of fastest-growing job titles over the past five
years in Canada (out of 20)
#4 Technical program manager
#8 Information technology associate
#9 Site reliability engineer
#13 Security engineer
#14 Data engineer
#15 E-commerce coordinator
#16 Technical product manager
#17 Cyber security specialist
9
Top Job Rankings: National Average
Salary
Indeed (www.ca.indeed.com) - 15 highest paying jobs in
Canada in 2023
Job
National Average Salary
#9 Software engineer manager
$143,044
#10 Director of information technology
$117,890
#11 Software architect
$119,021
#12 Enterprise architect
$110,083
15 Data scientist
$84,630
10
Managing Information Resources
• Managing information resources is difficult and
complex because:
o
o
o
ISs have an enormous strategic value to organizations
ISs are very expensive to acquire, operate, and
maintain
Evolution of the MIS function within the organization
• MIS personnel vs. end users
• Changing role of the IS department
o
o
Traditional function of the MIS department
New (consultative) functions of the MIS department
11
Figure 1.1 MIS provides what users
see on their computer screens.
12
Traditional Function of the MIS
Department
• Managing systems development and systems
project management
• Managing computer operations, including the
computer centre
• Staffing, training, and developing IS skills
• Providing technical services
• Infrastructure planning, development, and control
13
New (Consultative) Functions of the
MIS Department
• Initiating and designing specific strategic IS
• Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business
• Managing system integration including Internet, intranets, and
extranets
• Educating non-MIS staff about IT
• Educating MIS staff about the business
• Partnering with business-unit executives
• Managing outsourcing
• Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed
innovative IT ideas
• Creating business alliances with business partners
14
Copyright
Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the author.
All rights reserved. Students and instructors who are authorized users of this course
are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the
course. No part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how
to obtain permission to reuse this material is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
15