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Science
Quarter 2 - Module 1:
Parts of the Microscope and Their
Functions
AIRs - LM
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 1: Parts of the Microscope and Their Functions
First Edition, 2020
Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.
Development Team of the Module
Author: Edith A. Dela Cruz
Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II
Management Team:
ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.
Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 1:
Parts of the Microscope and Their
Functions
Target
Have you ever wondered how scientists were able to observe specimens which
are not visible to the naked eye? Like the covid-19 virus, cells, bacteria?
In the previous quarter you’ve learned that science is an accurate and
realiable body of knowledge gathered through observation and extensive
experimentations that passed through a process which we call scientific method. To
do this scientists need tools that could help them observe properly and accurately,
one of the important tools used by them is the microscope. In this module we’ll help
you to be familiar with the parts of the microscope and their functions.
After going through this module, you are expected to attain the following
objectives:
Most Essential Learning Competency
•
identify parts of the microscope and their functions (S7LT-IIa-1)
Subtasks
• define what is a microscope;
• locate its parts through an illustration; and
• give the function of each part.
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Label your paper Quarter 2 Module 1 Pre-test.
______1. Which of the following scientists made the first simple microscope?
A. Aristotle
C. Hans Jansen
B. Antony Van Leewenhoek
D. Zacharias Jansen
______2. Which of the following is a tool in science used to observe
objects/specimen which are not visible to the naked eye?
A. camera B. magnifying lens C. microscope D.telescope
______3. Which of the following parts of the microscope is used to gather light?
A. eyepiece
B. fine adjustment knob
C. mirror
D. stage
______4. Which of the following parts of the microscope holds the objective lenses?
A. arm
B. eyepiece
C. revolving nosepiece
D. stage clip
______5. Which of the following parts of the microscope supports the whole
microscope?
A. arm
B. base
C. condenser
D. objective lens
______6. Which of the following parts of the microscope is used to tilt the
microscope?
A. eyepiece
B. body tube
C. draw tube
D. inclination joint
______7. Which of the following parts of the microscope can you place the specimen
to be observed?
A. arm
B. base
C. stage
D. stage clip
______8. Which of the following parts of the microscope holds the slide in place?
A. arm
B. base
C. stage
D. stage clip
______9. Which of the following parts of the microscope holds the eyepiece?
A.base
B. body tube
C. diaphragm
D. mirror
_____10. Which of the following parts of the microscope regulates the light the
microscope uses?
A.base
B. body tube
C. diaphragm
D. mirror
_____11. Which of the following parts of the microscope is a part of its illuminating
system?
A. eyepiece
B. inclination joint C. mirror D. stage
_____12. Which of the following parts of the microscope is where you should look
into to oberve the specimen?
A. eyepiece
B. inclination joint C. mirror D. stage
_____13. Which of the following parts of the microscope are used to carry the
microscope?
A. arm and base
C. eyepiece and diaphragm
B. diaphragm and mirror
D. stage and stage clip
_____14. When focusing using the Low Power Objective which of the following
should you use to focus the specimen?
A. course adjustment knob
C. fine adjustment knob
B. diapraghm
D. mirror
_____15. When focusing using the High Power Objective which of the following
should you use to focus the specimen?
A. course adjustment knob
C. fine adjustment knob
B. diapraghm
D. mirror
Lesson
1
Parts of the Microscope and Their
Functions
Imagine a world where the concept of microorganisms are unknown. Would
we be able to identify the cause of todays pandemic? COVID-19? Will we see the
importance of washing our hands? What would our justification be regarding the
pandemic we are experiencing? What would our healthcare system look like? Do we
have the capacity to develop vaccines and medicines?
Organisms which our naked eye can’t see greatly affects our lives, observing
them is the key for us to know if they are harmful or beneficial, but how do we observe
them with just our eyes? We need an instrument, a tool that could help us, and that
tool is the microscope.
Before you learn how this important science equipment works, let us first
familiarize ourselves with its parts and their functions.
Jumpstart
Activity 1: Find Me!
Encircle the parts of the microscope found in the Word Box. Use the attached
Learner’s Copy in answering this activity.
Word Box
1. eyepiece
2. course adjustment
3. fine adjustment
4. objectives
5. arm
6. stage clip
7. stage
8. inclination joint
9. body tube
10. revolving nosepiece
11. diaphragm
12. mirror
13. base
Discover
Three Dutch spectacle makers—Hans Jansen, his son Zacharias Jansen,
and Hans Lippershey—have received credit for inventing the compound
microscope about 1590, but it was the Dutch Antony Van Leeuwenhoek in the midseventeenth century who first made a simple microscope and used it to make
discoveries.
The microscope is a tool which can help you see tiny objects and living
organisms. It makes them look bigger. The ability of the microscope to make the
specimen bigger is called magnifying power or magnification. The microscope also
has the capacity to distinguish small gaps between two separate points which
humans cannot distinguish. It is called resolving power or resolution
The light microscope uses diffused light from the sun or artificial light to
illuminate the object to be observed. From its source, visible light passes through the
small thin specimen to be observed through the glass lenses. As light passes through
the lenses, it is bent so specimen appears bigger when it is projected to the eye. The
form and structure of the specimen can then be seen because some of their parts
reflect light.
In this section you will find out the parts of the microscope and their
functions.
Parts of a microscope
Figure 1. Parts of a light microscope
The parts of a simple microscope are divided into three groups –
• Mechanical parts
• Magnifying parts
• Illuminating parts
Mechanical Parts of Microscope – The mechanical parts consists of the following
components –
⇒ Body Tube – body tube separates the objective and the eyepiece and assures continuous
alignment of the optics
⇒ Coarse adjustment – it is controlled by a pair of large knobs one on each side of
the body. On rotating this knob, the tube moves with lenses. This is used with low
power objective
⇒ Fine adjustment – The fine adjustment is used with high power (40X or 45X) and
oil immersion (100X) objectives. This knob is present just below the coarse
adjustment on either side of the body – gives clarity in observations.
⇒ Stage – The stage is a part of microscope where specimens to be observed is kept.
This part is under the focus. It has a pair of clips, capable of moving the object
horizontally as well as vertically.
⇒ Arm – The arm connects the body and the stage. It is used to hold the microscope
while putting from one place to another.
⇒ Base– It is horseshoe shaped. It is the part that supports the whole microscope
⇒ Inclination joint- It is used to tilt the microscope.
Magnifying Parts of a Microscope – the magnifying parts consist of objectives and
eyepiece
⇒ Objective lens –
• The lens that is present near to the object or specimen is called as the objective
lens. It collects the light rays from the specimen and forms an inverted and
magnified real image of the object. They are divided into 3 groups as follows –
i.
Low power objectives (4X, 10X) – magnifies the image 4 times or 10
times and provides maximum field of view.
ii.
High power objective (40X, 45X) – magnifies the image 40 or 45 times.
iii.
Oil immersion (100X) – magnifies the image 100 times and provides the
minimum field of view.
⇒ Eyepiece –
• It is present at the top of the microscope tube or near to the eye. It is where
we look into to observe the specimen. Eyepiece uses a magnified real image
produced by the objective to produce a more magnified virtual image.
• The commonly used eyepiece has magnification 10X. it is also available in 5X,
15X and 20X.
• Some microscopes are available with only one eyepiece called monocular; and
other is binocular, which has two eyepieces.
• The total magnification of the image of the object is the product of the
magnifying power of eyepiece and that of the objective. For e.g. – when 10X
eyepiece and 40X objective is used the magnification produced is – 10×40 =
400X & so on.
Illuminating Parts of a Microscope – the illumination system provide proper
illumination to the object. It comprises following parts –
⇒ Mirror – in case of external light source, the mirror is required to reflect the light
beam from the source to the iris and condenser. It usually has two mirrors, mounted
back to back. One side of the mirror is concave and the other is flat. The concave
side is used without the condenser and the flat side is used the condenser.
⇒ Iris diaphragm/diaphragm – it is located below the stage between the mirror
and the condenser. It regulates the amount of light. According to the necessity, the
diaphragm can be closed for less light or opened for more light.
⇒ Condenser – the condenser is located at immediately under the stage. It is made
up of a system of convex lenses, which focus light from the illuminating source on
the plane of the object. The height of the condenser can be adjusted by rotating a
knob, present on one side below the stage.
Now that you know the parts of the microscope and their functions answer
the following guide questions.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What is the function of the microscope?
2. What are the three main divisions of a microscope?
3. What are the parts of the microscope?
Explore
To intensify your understanding of the topic, do the activities below.
Activity 1: Where Do I Belong?
Complete the table below by listing the mechanical, magnifying and ixlluminating
parts of the microscope. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
MECHANICAL
MAGNIFYING
ILLUMINATING
Activity 2: Color by Number
Color the parts of the microscope according to its given number. Label also its
parts and give a brief explanation of their functions. Use the attached Learner’s
Copy in answering this activity.
#
Color
1
Red
2
Orange
3
Yellow
4
Green
5
Blue
6
Pink
7
Violet
8
Black
9
Brown
10
Yellow
green
Yellow
orange
Red
orange
White
11
12
13
Function
1._______
2.________
3. ___________________
4.__________________
5.________________
6.__________
7.____
9. _______
8.________
11.______
10._______
12.____________
13.______
Deepen
Based from what you have learned in this module, explain the
importance of the microscope in the field of science or in the medical field using
acrostic poem using the word microscope or any part of the microscope.
Example:
M-microscopes are important
I-in our lives
C-cause it is used to see things our eyes cant see
R-really! Don’t you see?
O-or just don’t realize? that
S-science cannot progress without it, even the medical field cant
C-corona virus is every where, pandemic is here, but the problem is we cannot see
it, hear it, smell it, taste it, but with the use of powerful microscopes
O-observing the virus and learning how to destroy it and make vaccines for it is
P-possible, so
E-everyone, I can therefore say, Microscopes are important
Rubrics:
1 point
2 points
3 points
Structure
and
Format
The poem does not
have a clear topic.
More than 2 lines do
not start with a letter
in the topic word.
More than 2 lines do
not describe or relate
to the topic of the
poem.
The poem has a topic, but
1-2 line(s) of the poem
does/do not start with a
letter in the topic
word.
1-2 lines of the poem
does/do not describe or
relate to the topic of the
poem.
The poem has a clear
topic.
Each line of the poem
begins with a letter in the
topic word.
Each line describes or
relates to the topic of the
poem.
Creativity
The poem does not
contain any
interesting word
choice, vivid
language, or poetic
elements or
techniques.
The poem contains a
couple of interesting word
choices, uses some vivid
language, and makes use
of only one poetic element
or technique.
The poem contains more
than two interesting word
choices, uses
vivid/descriptive language
throughout the entire
poem, and makes use of
more than 1 poetic
element or technique.
Mechanics
The poem contains 3
or more spelling,
grammatical, or
punctuation errors.
The poem contains 1-2
spelling, grammatical, or
punctuation errors.
The poem does not
contain any spelling,
grammatical, or
punctuation errors.
Legibility
Writing is not legible
and the paper is
messy.
Writing is not legible in
some places.
Writing is legible and the
paper is neat.
Gauge
Multiple Choice. Read the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Label your paper Quarter 2 Module 1 Gauge.
______1. Which of the following is the ability of the microscope to make the
specimen bigger?
A. magnifying power B. mechanical C. objective lens D. resolution
______2. Which of the following is the ability of the microscope to distinguish small
gaps between two separate points which humans cannot distinguish?
A. magnifying power B. mechanical C. objective lens D. resolution
______3. Which of the following parts of the microscope focus light from the
illuminating source on the plane of the object?
A. condenser
B. fine adjustment knob
C. mirror
D. stage
______4. Which of the following parts of the microscope regulates the amount of
light the microscope uses?
A. arm
B. eyepiece
C. diaphragm
D. stage clip
______5. Which of the following parts of the microscope supports the whole
microscope?
A. arm
B. base
C. condenser
D. objective lens
______6. Which of the following parts of the microscope is used to tilt the
microscope?
A. eyepiece
B. body tube
C. draw tube
D. inclination joint
______7. Which of the following parts of the microscope produces a magnified real
image the specimen to be observed?
A. arm
B. eyepiece
C. objective lens
D. stage clip
______8. Which of the following parts of the microscope holds the slide in place?
A. arm
B. base
C. stage
D. stage clip
______9. Which of the following parts of the microscope holds the eyepiece?
A.base
B. body tube
C. diaphragm
D. mirror
_____10. Which of the following parts of the microscope gathers light?
A.base
B. body tube
C. diaphragm
D. mirror
_____11. Which of the following parts of the microscope is a part of its magnifying
system?
A. eyepiece
B. inclination joint C. mirror D. stage
_____12. Which of the following parts of the microscope produces a more magnified
virtual image of the specimen?
A. eyepiece
B. inclination joint C. mirror D. stage
_____13. Which of the following parts of the microscope are used to carry the
microscope?
A. arm and base
C. eyepiece and diaphragm
B. diaphragm and mirror
D. stage and stage clip
_____14. When focusing using the Low Power Objective which of the following
should you use to focus the specimen?
A. course adjustment knob
C. fine adjustment knob
B. diapraghm
D. mirror
_____15. When focusing using the High Power Objective which of the following
should you use to focus the specimen?
A. course adjustment knob
C. fine adjustment knob
B. diapraghm
D. mirror
Learner’s Copy (Detach from the module)
NAME:_____________________________________
GRADE AND SECTION:______________________________
QUARTER 2 MODULE 1
Activity1: Find Me!
Encircle the parts of the microscope found in the Word Box
I
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O B
D T
I L
S U
T F
A F
G Y
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P S
O O
H R
N G
U S
T M
N O
Word Box
1. eyepiece
2. course adjustment
3. fine adjustment
4. objectives
5. arm
6. stage clip
7. stage
8. inclination joint
9. body tube
10. revolving nosepiece
11. diaphragm
12. mirror
13. base
O I N
B A S
J R F
E M C
C H I
T H R
I N I
V A B
E M E
S I E
K Y S
A G M
D A Y
T M E
E N T
S E P
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F
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D
L
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Learner’s copy (Detach from the module)
NAME:_____________________________________
GRADE AND SECTION:______________________________
QUARTER 2 MODULE 1
Activity 3: Color by Number
Color the parts of the microscope according to its given number. Label also its parts
and give a brief explanation of their functions.
1_____________
2.__________
3.___________________________
4._________________________
5.________________________
6.___________
7._____
8.___________
9.______
10.__________
11._______
_
12._________________
13.______
#
Color
1
Red
2
Orange
3
Yellow
4
Green
5
Blue
6
Pink
7
Violet
8
Black
9
Brown
10
Yellow green
11
Yellow orange
12
Red orange
13
White
Function
Activity 2: Where Do I Belong?
MECHANICAL MAGNIFYING
Body tube
Objective lens
Coarse
Eyepiece
Adjustment
Fine
Adjustment
Arm
Base
Inclination
joint
ILLUMINATING
Mirror
Diaphragm
Condenser
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What is the function of the microscope?
-used to observe objects/specimen our naked eyes cant see
2. What are the three main divisions of a microscope?
-Mechanical, magnifying and illuminating
3. What are the parts of the microscope?
-eyepiece, bodytube, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob,
stage, stage clip, diaphragm, condenser, revolving nosepiece,
objectives/objective lens, arm, base, inclination joint, mirror
Activity 1: Find Me!
Pretest
1. B 6. D
2. C 7. C
3. C 8. D
4. C 9. B
5. B 10. C
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C
A
A
A
C
Answer Key
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Gauge
1. A 6. D
2. D 7. C
3. A 8. D
4. C 9. D
5. B 10. D
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A
A
A
A
C
Activity 3: Color by Number
References
Science 7 Learner’s Material, First Edition 2017 Alvie J. Asuncion et.al
https://www.britannica.com/technology/microscope/History-of-opticalmicroscopes
https://microbenotes.com/light-microscope/
https://paramedicsworld.com/general-laboratory-information/light-opticalcompound-microscope/medical-paramedical-studynotes
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=N2AC64&sp=yes&
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