
Aranid arsacid mehranid :Albanian rulers
Mannea
 Capital: Izirtu
 rulers: Udaki, Iranzu, Aza
 Most powerful king is Iranzu
 in the middle 9th century, the Mannean kingdom was formed
 Attacked by Assyria and Urartu
 GB: Aras, Northern borders, Zamua
During the reign of Iranzu, the northern borders of the kingdom reached the Aras River.
Atropatene
Capital: Gazaka
rules: Atropates, Ariobarzanes, Artavasdes
-the first state in the east gained political independence from Macedonia in 20BC, the
Atropatene territory was seired by Parthia, Exicted for about 350 years, lost its independence
and fell under farthian control.
GB: Caspian Sea, Rioni, Armenia
The expansion of the borders of Atropatene from the Caspian Sea to the upper reaches of the
Rioni River testifies to the fact that Armenia
Albania







Capital: Qabala
Rulers: Varaz, Grigor, Javanshir
they lived in the former territory of the Ancient Turkic tribes
created their own state in the 4th century.
-had 26 languages
-consisted of many tribes
GB: Iberia, Aras, Alazani, Iori

Albania covered the lands from the Caucasian Mountains in the north to the Aras River in
the south, from Iberia (the upper reaches of the Alazani and Iori Rivers, now the territory
of the Republic of Georgia)

Poll tax: gezit

Who is the most powerful ruler?Javanshir

What is the first monument prove that the human being in Azerbaijan existed 1.5 billion
years ago ? Azykh Cave

What are the occupations of the preventive people of Azerbaijan? hunting and
gathering

Trible confederation survived around Urmia lake:The Gutians

Name of oldest state of Azerbaijan: mannenian-atropatenian

Greek geographer and Autor: Strabon

Battle between sasanid and aranid: Qadisiyah

First Christian temple built in city: Kish

First feudal state: Albania

Which trips were the indigenous local people of Azerbaijan: Turks

Beginning of 11th century... Which trips attacked to Azerbaijan: Seljuks

Who was the last ruler of Mihranid dynasty:Varaz Trdat

Beliefs of pre-Islamic people in Albania: worshiped the gods of heaven, the sun, the
moon

Why Baku became the capital?
in the 19th century and 20th century. Baku experienced a significant oil discovery. this
transformed Baku into a major center for the global oil industry. it is also located on the shore
of the Caspian Sea, making it an important hub for trade and transportation.

Mihranid dynasty: how it founded?
The Mihranid dynasty became powerful during the early 7th century. They were related to the
Sassanid dynasty, which ruled over the Girdman province of Albania. During the reign of Varaz
Grigor, Albania gained independence. Varaz Grigor's son Javanshir, strengthened ties with
Albania's nobles and the Byzantine Empire
Arsacid dynasty- it was a ruling dynasty in the 2nd century BC until the 6th century in Albania.
which was located to the north of the Aras River. The Arsacid rulers were known for their
diplomacy and landholdings.
Geographical border of ancient Azerbaijan states ......
Sassanid Dynasty/Khurramid movement (essay):
The Sassanids tried to create an ethnic social base. The Christianity population was supported
the Roman/Byzantine Empires, so the Sassanids tried to influence the Albanians and other
nations culturally and ideologically. Their main focus was to spread Zoroastrianism in South
Caucasia. The movement often led to uprisings.
Sajid dynasty (essay):
It was first Turkic dynasty in Azerbaijan. Abu Saj Divdad was the ruler and Turkic warlord. He
was a close associate of Afshin and suppressed the Khurramid movement. After his death, his
sons Mohammed and Yusuf took over. After Mohammed died. Yusuf took over and unified all
the lands of Azerbaijan (North and South) the last ruler was dethroned in 941.
Armenia/albanian church Relationship(essay):
Armenian Catholics sent information to the Caliph Abd al-Malik about the Albanian Catholics
leaning towards the Byzantine faith and for identifying the Christian faith with the Byzantine
faith in Albania. The troops sent by the Caliph beheaded the Albanian Catholics as well as proByzantine forces. The Albanian church was then made subordinate to the Armenian church. The
Georgian church was also pro-Byzantine faith, but later they changed it.
spread of Islam in Azerbaijan and effects on culture(essay)
After Islam appeared, Zoroastrianism lost its power. When they heard about the equality
amongst Muslims and lower tax prices. Islam spread even faster. when the power in the
Caliphate passed from the Umayyads to the Abbasids in 750, the process of adopting Islam was
complete. Albanian Catholics became hostile to this and were made subordinate to the
Georgian church, which collaborated with the Arabs. many were forced to adopt Islam, leave for
other countries, or fall under the Georgian church, or else they would kill them.
Mihranid ruler, Javanshir (essay):
Javanshir, a ruler from the Mihranid dynasty in 6th-7th century Albania, played a key role in
shaping the region's politics. His dynasty gained power by defeating rivals. Javanshir, a Christian,
formed alliances, defended against the Khazars and Huns, and allied with the Arab Caliph for
survival. Despite his death in 681, his successor continued diplomatic ties with the Arabs. This
era saw cultural development, city growth, and the spread of Christianity in Albania. Despite
later Arab influence, the region retained its unique identity and alphabet.
Kings of mannea kingdom
1. Who was the king during the rise of the Mannean Kingdom and the Assyrian
crackdown against Urartu in 743 BC?
Answer: King Iranzu (740 – 719 BC)
2. Who succeeded Iranzu as the Mannean king after his death?
Answer: Aza (718 – 716 BC)
3. Which king overthrew Aza, became pro-Urartu, and ceded control over 22 fortresses to
Urartu?
Answer: Ullusunu (716 – 680 BC)
4. After the raids by the Assyrian king Sargon II, who continued as the king of Mannea
and resumed the governorship?
Answer: Ullusunu
5. During the reign of which Mannean king did the kingdom reach the pinnacle of its
power and incorporate all the territories in southern Azerbaijan?
Answer: Iranzu (740 – 719 BC)
6. Who was the Mannean king during the war between Mannea and Assyria in 660-659
BC, which resulted in the defeat of Mannea?
Answer: Ahsheri (675-650 BC)
7. After the defeat of Ahsheri, who became the Mannean king and was forced to renew
the alliance with Assyria?
Answer: Ualli (650 – 630 BC)
Kitabi Dede Qorqud-is a significant Middle Ages chronicle, part of the Dada Qorqud epic
cycles, reflecting ancient Turkish creation myths and totemism. Ghazan Khan, the central figure,
traces Oghuz origins to the Wolf creation myth. The epic holds remnants of matriarchy,
highlighting the Mother figure's deified status as the bearer of 'God's right,' emphasizing
feminine power and historical significance.
Genre: Epic Chronicle
Significance: Core source of historical information
Content Highlights:
Chronicles Emen Bey's visit to Arabia, witnessing the Prophet and the adoption of Islamic
practices by the Oghuz people.
Symbolic representation of Oghuz Turks' adoption of Islam through Deli Domrul's fight with the
Angel of Death.
Documents Oghuz Turks during the spread of Islam, involvement in religious wars, and vows on
the holy Quran.
Mentions Ghazan Khan as a "chief of Albanians," suggesting a historical connection with the
Albanian region.
Ethnonym "Alpans" used in the epic, providing historical insights into a group associated with
riding horses.
Traces Oghuz origins to the Wolf creation myth, emphasizing Turkish creation legends and
totemism.
Valuable insights into matriarchy, portraying the Mother figure as a deified being holding 'God's
right' and considered untouchable.