ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SMART HOME WITH GOOGLE ASSISTANT AND ALEXA USING NODEMCU ESP8266 By ESSEL ISAAC 01191346D ISSAHAKU ANASS 01190126D ODESTI RICHARD 01190052D RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT/ THESIS Submitted to the DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) In ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING SEPTEMBER, 2022 DECLARATION This research project is submitted as part of fulfilment for the award of a Higher National Diploma in Programme Title: The work is a result of our investigation. All sections of the text and effects which have been obtained from other works/sources are fully referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of Accra Technical University and will be dealt with accordingly. NAME SIGNATURE ESSEL ISAAC DATE …………………. ….…………… …………………… …………….. …………….…… ……………… (01191346D) ISSAHAKU ANASS (01190126D) ODESTI RICHARD (01190052D) DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR I, at this moment, confirm that the above students are HND students in the Department of Electrical Engineering under my academic and research supervision per the requirements of Accra Technical University. The students are currently in their final year of study and are expected to complete them in 2022. NAME SIGNATURE MR. ISSAH BABATUNDE ……………… i DATE ……………… DEDICATION I dedicate this book to the Highest God, my lovely parents, my siblings, my friends and my lecturers for their support and assistance throughout my training. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I will show my gratitude to everyone who made this project a success. However, it would not have been possible without my classroom colleagues' kind support and help. I want to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to my Supervisor, HOD, Lecturer One, Lecturer Two etc., for their guidance and constant supervision, for providing necessary information regarding the project and for their support in completion. I want to express my gratitude towards my mom for her kind cooperation and encouragement, which helped me complete this project. iii ABSTRACT The focus of this project is a cutting-edge home design that makes use of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm refers to networks of physical objects (things) equipped with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet. Wi-Fi enabled devices and Amazon Alexa were used in the creation of the home system. The Wi-Fi connection protocols and Amazon Alexa AI were selected for their quality in the present as well as their flexibility and functionality for creating intelligent buildings. At the conclusion of the project, the system was also put to the test to determine its viability, usefulness, and efficacy. iv TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENTS PAGES DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR ............................................................................................. i DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 FIELD OF STUDY ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .................................................................................... 2 1.4 Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................................. 2 1.5 LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY .............................................. 2 LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.9 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................... 3 2. SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC ASPECT .................................................. 3 2.1 LAYOUT OF THESIS .......................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 4 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 4 2.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Limitations of IR Sensor and LDR based home automation ............................................. 5 2.2.0 Bluetooth-Based Home Automation System Using Cell Phone. ....................................... 5 2.2.1 Limitation of Bluetooth Home Automation System Using Cell Phone ............................. 6 2.3 Other Related Works ............................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................... 8 3.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 8 3.1 FLOW CHART OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 8 v 3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS............................................................. 9 3.2.1 SYSTEM DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 9 System Architecture .................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Designed Units And System Analysis ................................................................................ 10 3.4 Research Approach and Strategy ........................................................................................ 10 3.5 SOFTWARE DESIGN........................................................................................................ 11 3.5.1 Software Requirements .................................................................................................... 11 3.5.2 Google Assistance And IFTT........................................................................................... 11 3.5.3 Getting Started With The Blynk App............................................................................... 13 3.5.4 Circuit Design And Working ........................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 20 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ................................................................................................. 20 4.1 Implementation and Testing ................................................................................................ 20 4.2 Setting Up The Software Development Environment ........................................................ 21 4.3 Results and Analysis At the end of the project, .................................................................. 21 CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 23 SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................... 23 5.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 23 5.2 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Recommendation................................................................................................................. 23 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 24 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 26 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................... 26 Figure A; Assembly of a prototype using the breadboard ........................................................ 26 Figure A2; Testing the prototype .............................................................................................. 27 Figure A3; Finished product ..................................................................................................... 28 APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 5.1 Simulation of The Home Automation ..................................................................... 29 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................... 30 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Diagram of IR Circuit .................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3.1 System flow Chart ......................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3.2 Architecture Of The Proposed ....................................................................................... 9 Figure 3.5.2 Layout Of IFTTT Application .................................................................................. 12 Figure 3.5.3 Layout Of The Blynk Application ............................................................................ 14 Figure 3.5.4 System Mothership ................................................................................................... 14 Figure 4.5.5 Lamp Control Module .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 3.5.6 Fan Control Module ................................................................................................. 16 Figure 3.5.6 shows the fan control module of the home automation. ........................................... 16 Figure 3.5.7 Socket Control Module............................................................................................. 17 Figure 3.5.8 Outside Light Control Module ................................................................................. 18 vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Laisa C. P. Costa , Nicholas S. Almeida, Ana G. D. Correa, Roseli D. Lopes and Marcelo K. Zuffo " Accessible Display Design to Control Home Area Networks" IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 2, May 2013. Everyone now owns a smartphone and wants to be able to control everything via it. Mobile phones are simple to use and comprehend because everyone is familiar with how to operate them. Using a Bluetooth-based remote control and Node MCU, you can operate lights, fans, switches, and refrigerators. Since more individuals now use smartphones, home automation design will grow simpler and more popular. The most widely utilized automation device, the Node MCU, is used in this gadget. Node MCU is the hardware that connects the computer and the project model, allowing us to operate it with the appropriate Node MCU code. It is a microcontroller, Node MCU. It resembles the human brain exactly. It first processes the information before applying logical and mathematical procedures to it. Dot MCU Neng-Shiang Liang; Li-Chen Fu; Chao-Lin Wu "An integrated, flexible, and Internet-based control architecture for home automation system in the Internet era, Proceedings ICRA '02. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 2, pp. 1101 1106, 2002. Due to the widespread use of electricity in homes and the rapid advancement of information technology, smart homes (SH) have been a reality since the early twenty first century. The past few years have seen a transformation in the speed, size, connectivity, and cost of computational devices. It moves the long-promised vision of the intelligent home closer to realization. One of the practical advancements that has been developed and is continuously evolving today is smart home technology. A "smart home" is a residence with special structured wiring that enables its residents to remotely manage a variety of home equipment by sending a command from a computer or mobile device. This ubiquitous, intelligent house, which many consider to be a luxury, could play a crucial part in ensuring the independence of those who have disabilities. a smart house 1 1.2 FIELD OF STUDY The field of study is Electrical Engineering, and the subject area of study is Control Systems and Power Systems. 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Today people are looking at ways and means to improve their lifestyle using the latest technologies. Consumers grab any new facility for home appliances that promise to enhance their lifestyle. The more such facilities and devices are added, it becomes inevitable to have easy and convenient methods and means to control and operate these appliances. Conventional wall switches are located in different parts of a house and thus necessitate manual operations like switching on or off these switches to control various devices. It is virtually impossible to keep track of running appliances and monitor their Performances. Furthermore, it aims to build a system that controls home appliances with less effort, like mobile or voice-based control. 1.4 Aims and Objectives This study aims to design and construct home automation to control or monitor signals from different appliances using a voice command. The objective of this project is as follows: To design a home automation system to control appliances such as lamps, fans and sockets using voice command To construct a home automation to be controlled via a smartphone with Internet Testing and analysis of the home automation system’s performance 1.5 LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY LIMITATIONS Security issues: As with all computing, security will become more outstanding as people use smart devices. Cost: Extreme expensive Greater acceptance 2 Delimitation The system is flexible for new devices and appliances. 1.9 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study capitalizes on the IoT paradigm, whose core principle is the basis of bringing ordinary home appliances to life through Artificial Intelligence. It also helps to examine possible future implementations of this relatively new communication paradigm. 2. SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC ASPECT The entire system is eco-friendly and safe to use It consumes significantly less power, making it more efficient and convenient than other time-measuring substitutes. 2.1 LAYOUT OF THESIS This project work entails five chapters which are as follows: Chapter 1: Gives the general introduction. It involves the problem definition, project objectives, significance, methods used, expected outcome and safety. Chapter 2: A literature review of selected tools used in the project, such as resistors, capacitors, semiconductors, sensors, microcontrollers, software and theory related to the proposed project, will be done. Chapter 3: The project design, hardware and software development that was done. Chapter 4: Present the results and discussion of the project. 3 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter will provide a literature review of the works and studies from other researchers related to the development of this project, which is "home automation using the voice command". The literature review is a continuous part that should be done until this project is successfully developed. 2.1.0 IR Sensor and LDR-based home automation Home automation was created by M. S. Antony Vigil, Nitisha K, Deepali Sikerwar, and Muskan Joshi using IR (infrared) and LDR (light-dependent resistor) sensors. The system's design makes use of IR sensors to operate or control home appliances including computers, lighting systems, fans, and radios within a 10 meter range. IR transmitter, IR receiver, transistors, IC, LED light, LDR sensor, batteries, breadboard, and connecting wires are the hardware components needed for RC automation. As soon as the IR transmitter emits IR rays that are sensed by the IR receiver, the system is operational. The device will then respond by turning on or off in accordance with the IR receiver. The outdoor night light will also be controlled by RC- automated using an LDR sensor. As soon as it detects and turns, it will function. Figure 2.1 Diagram of IR Circuit An IR Circuit's system diagram is depicted in the figure above. The system's first component uses IR sensors to operate residential appliances. The home appliances will have these sensors installed so they may be operated from a distance. LDR sensors are a component of RC- automation as well. An LDR is a sensor with variable resistance that adapts to the amount of light it receives. They are used in circuits for light sensing. Photo resistors or light-dependent resistors are typically 4 employed in courses where it is important to detect the presence or level of light. Through LDR, the system controls a house's external light. The LDR's resistance drops in response to light reflection, and current begins to flow into the base of the first transistor. 2.1.1 Limitations of IR Sensor and LDR based home automation • Directionality: IR systems require an operator to "aim" the hand-held unit in the direction of the receptor at a moderate distance. This is up and toward the bridge if you're on a crane. The fact that an operator must divide his attention between constantly aiming and thinking about moving the involved object poses the biggest operational challenge. • Range: Compared to RF, IR has a much shorter dependable range. At distances more than 100 feet, IR often becomes intermittent. • Sunlight: The sun's IR component can obstruct an IR signal. Sunlight must be blocked from the receiver. The receiver must be placed when used outdoors to prevent exposure to the sun's direct or reflected rays. At morning, this is extremely challenging. 2.2.0 Bluetooth-Based Home Automation System Using Cell Phone. Neng-Shiang Liang, Li-Chen Fu and Chao-Lin Wu, "An integrated flexible and Internet-based control architecture for home automation system in the internet era", Proceedings ICRA '02. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, pp. 1101-1106, 2002. R. Piyare. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji For a flexible home automation system, their proposal utilized a low-cost, secure cell phone. The Arduino BT board is wired up to many household appliances. The cell phone and the Arduino BT board communicate wirelessly. With only minor adjustments, additional Devices can be linked to the system. The mobile phone script was created in Python, making it portable and compatible with all Symbian platforms. The Arduino BT board and the cell phone make up the two primary pieces of hardware for this home automation system. The Python script is stored on the mobile phone, giving the user access to the household appliances and the device's control commands. Using the high-level interactive C language of the microcontroller, the Arduino BT board may be wirelessly programmed over Bluetooth. 5 2.2.1 Limitation of Bluetooth Home Automation System Using Cell Phone • It can be used in a limited area (30ft = 9.14m) • It is challenging to install. • It cannot re-pair easily Figure 2.3 5V-240V Switching Circuitry 2.3 Other Related Works G. V. Kondraske, R. A. Volz, D. H. Johnson, D. Tesar, J. C. Trinkle and C. R. Price, "Networkbased infrastructure for distributed remote operations and robotics research", IEEE Trans. Robot. Automat., vol. 9, pp. 702-704, Oct. 1993. suggested creating a distributed control system that uses the Internet to monitor crucial process variables (DCS). This study covers hardware and software design considerations that allow the user to efficiently and remotely access the process variables on the DCS. 6 N.P.Jawarkar, Vasif Ahmed and R.D. Thakare. “Remote Control using Mobile through Spoken Commands”. IEEE - International Consortium of Stem Cell Networks (ICSCN) 2007. 2224,Pp.622-625, 2007. Suggested using speech to communicate with household appliances remotely and command them to carry out a specific task on the user's behalf. The method is designed to enable persons with disabilities to operate household gadgets by speaking commands. Speech recognition uses a voice separation approach to make the right decisions. S. M. Anamul Haque, S. M. Kamruzzaman and Md. Ashraful Islam In the year 2006, suggested a system for controlling house appliances via personal computers, dubbed "A System for Smart-Home Control of Appliances Based on Time and Speech Interaction." The computer language Visual Basic 6.0 and speech recognition tools from Microsoft were used to create this system. A voice command or a timer can be used to operate devices. L.A Akinyemi, O.O Shoewu, N.T Makanjuola, A.A Ajasa, C.O Folorunso. Design and Development of an Automated Home Control System Using Mobile Phone. World Journal Control Science and Engineering. 2014, Ciubotaru-Petrescu, Chiciudean, Cioarga, and Stanescu (2006) provide an SMS-based control concept and implementation for monitoring systems. The study is divided into three sections that each involve sensing devices for complicated application monitoring. A processing unit consists of a microcontroller and a communication module that connects to a cell phone or GPRS modem through an RS-232 serial interface. For status updates, such as power outages, the SMS is employed. Jawarkar, Ahmed, Ladhake, and Thakare (2008) suggest utilizing spoken commands to monitor a mobile device remotely. The control system receives the created spoken commands as text SMS messages, and the microcontroller then chooses a specific task based on the SMS messages. In conclusion, the aforementioned suggested approaches offer crucial monitoring and control for automated systems, such as sensing, alarming, radio cellular communications, and messaging. In small spaces, they are challenging to use and install. 7 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter review gives an overview of methods and strategies used and reviews existing methods and approaches used to accomplish home automation using voice commands. It also briefly describes the system specifications and shows the function and the proposed method's performance. 3.1 FLOW CHART OF THE PROJECT In our proposed system, we have developed home automation capable of controlling home appliances using voice commands. If a user wishes to turn on or off any individual device in the home, it can do that. The figure 3.1 below shows the flowchart of the process. Figure 3.1 System flow Chart 8 3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 3.2.1 SYSTEM DESIGN As stated in the previous chapter, the communication protocols must be decided to design a smart home. Commonly, Zigbee and Z-Wave standards are used today. Both implement the mesh network topologies. They are also described as short-range, low-power radio signals to connect intelligent home systems. The difference between the two is the range of coverage, with the Zigbee having a range of 10 metres compared to the Z-Wave's 30 metres. Amazon Alexa broadly supports protocols and Wi-Fi-based products, although it is selective in connecting to Z-Wave-based devices. System Architecture Figure 3.2 Architecture Of The Proposed 9 As shown in Fig 3.2, the user sends a command to control the appliance through Google Assistance on the smartphone. Google Assistance, a cloud-based accessible IoT web server interconnected with the blynk app used to create virtual switches, is linked to the IFTTT website abbreviated as "If This Then That", which is used to create an if-else conditional statement. When the command matches the if-else dependent information on the IFTTT, the Blynk platform sends the command to the NodeMCU. To ensure data security, the output from the NodeMCU that controls the appliance is encoded (HT12E). The encoded data is transmitted using an FM transmitter. The RF receives the data. Receiver and decoded by the decoder IC (HT12D). The output from the decoder is used to control a relay module which acts as a switch to turn on the various appliances. The purpose of using the RF transmitter and receiver is to minimize the wiring cost when installing the system and make it easy to install. 3.3 Designed Units And System Analysis The design unit of the system comprises various circuits and diagrams designed and constructed from different integrated circuits and other miniaturized components like capacitors, resistors, transformers, transmitters, receivers, encoders and decoders, etc., that are put together as one device. Though this project will perform a particular function, various combinations and introductions of different components and modules incorporated into the system's design have brought the need to separate and group them into additional units. The system has been developed into two different parts; the software design and the hardware construction. 3.4 Research Approach and Strategy This project aimed to control home appliances like lamps, fans and sockets via the Internet, controlled by a smartphone and voice-controlled, specifically Google Assistance. It was decided that the best method was to take a quantitative research approach. This approach offers an effective way of examining the behaviour of the system in different scenarios and enables troubleshooting. An experimental design, including manipulating components in other methods followed by simulations with Easy EDA, will be adopted to achieve a complete design. 10 3.5 SOFTWARE DESIGN 3.5.1 Software Requirements The software prototype requirements for designing and developing intelligent home automation are: Google Assistance And IFTT The Blynk App PCB Gerber file 3.5.2 Google Assistance And IFTT Google Assistance is a service offered by Google that enables users to control devices and other appliances connected to the Internet. Google Assistance converts the voice command into a digital signal to turn the ON or OFF of any instrument. The programming conditional expression "if this, then that" is where IFTTT gets its name. Your apps, websites, app-enabled accessories, and smart gadgets may all be automated using the IFTTT website and mobile app. The business offers a software platform that links products, services, and apps from various developers in order to start one or more automations involving those products, services, and apps. The Blynk app and the Google Assistant commands are connected using the IFTTT app. Logging in is the initial step in setting up the IFTTT program. Next, we must build an applet and then "This," or the trigger. We first choose Google Assistant, after which we input the 11 commands that we want the Google Assistant to reply to. Alternatively, the Blynk app can control the appliance if google assistance is not responding. Figure 3.5.2 Layout Of IFTTT Application 12 3.5.3 Getting Started With The Blynk App Create a Blynk Account First, create an e-mail account for your project. A charge is needed to save your projects and access them from multiple devices anywhere. It's also a security measure. After downloading the Blynk App, you must create a New Blynk account. Create a New Project After successfully logging into your account, start by creating a new project. Choose Your Hardware Select the hardware model you will use. Select the hardware model you will use Auth Token Auth Token is a unique identifier to connect your hardware to your smartphone. Every new project you create will have its own Auth Token. You will get Auth Token automatically in your e-mail after project creation. NOTE: Do not share your Auth Token with anyone unless you want someone to have access to your hardware. It's very convenient to send it over e-mail. Press the e-mail button, and the token will be sent to the e-mail address you used for registration. Now press the "Create" button. Add a Widget Your project canvas is empty. Let us add a button to control our alliances. Tap anywhere on the canvas to open the widget box. All the available widgets are located here. Now pick four buttons in the Widget Box: Widget Settings - Each Widget has its settings. Please tap on the Widget to get to them. Drag-nDrop - Tap and hold the Widget to drag it to the new position. The most important parameter to set is PIN. The list of pins reflects the physical pins defined by your hardware. The lamp is connected to Digital Pin 0, so select D0; Fan is Digital Pin 1; select D1; the socket is Digital Pin 2; select D2, and the Outside Light to Digital Pin 3; D3. Run the Project When you are done with the Settings - press the PLAY button. This will switch you from EDIT mode to PLAY mode, where you can interact with the hardware. While in PLAY mode, you cannot drag or set up new widgets. 13 Figure 3.5.3 Layout Of The Blynk Application 3.5.4 Circuit Design And Working Figure 3.5.4 System Mothership 14 Figure 3.5.4 shows the system mothership home automation. NodeMCU ESP8266 is powered using the onboard micro USB port. Alternatively, it can be powered using an external 5v supply connected through Vin (pin). NodeMCU ESP8266 receives the command from google assistant and produces an output on any of the data pins. Based on the data pins assigned to the command. In our circuit, we use D0 to D3. D0, which produces an output when ESP8266 receives a command "turn light on" or "turn on light" or "light on", is connected to Pin AD8 of the Encoder IC (HT 12E). D1, which produces an output when ESP8266 receives a command "turn fan on" or "turn on the fan" or "fan on" is connected to Pin AD9 of the Encoder IC (HT 12E). D2, which produces an output when ESP8266 receives a command "turn socket on" or "turn on socket" or "socket on", is connected to Pin AD10 of the Encoder IC (HT 12E). D3, which produces an output when ESP8266 receives a command "turn outside light on" or "turn on outside light" or "outside light on" is connected to Pin AD11 of the Encoder IC (HT 12E). DOUT from the Encoder IC (HT 12E) is connected to the DIN of the FM transmitter. A0-A7, TE, and VSS are all grounded. VCC of the FM transmitter and VDD of the Encoder IC are connected to the 3.3V pin of the NodeMCU. A 1.1M ohms is connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to set the internal oscillator frequency of the encoder IC. Figure 4.5.5 Lamp Control Module 15 Figure 4.5.5 shows the lamp control module of the home automation. However, the FM receiver is connected to the DIN of the decoder IC. The VCC of the relay, VCC of the FM receiver and VDD of the Encoder IC is connected to the 5v power supply (+5v). 51kohms is connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to set the internal oscillator frequency of the decoder IC (HT12D). A0 to VSS, GND of the FM receiver and relay is grounded. D8 is connected to the input pin of the relay. D8 is configured to control the lamp. Figure 3.5.6 Fan Control Module Figure 3.5.6 shows the fan control module of the home automation. However, the FM receiver is connected to the DIN of the decoder IC. The VCC of the relay, VCC of the FM receiver and VDD 16 of the Encoder IC is connected to the 5v power supply (+5v). 51kohms is connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to set the internal oscillator frequency of the decoder IC (HT12D). A0 to VSS, GND of the FM receiver and relay is grounded. D9 is connected to the input pin of the relay. D9 is configured to control the fan. Figure 3.5.7 Socket Control Module Figure 3.5.8 shows the socket control module of the home automation. However, the FM receiver is connected to the DIN of the decoder IC. The VCC of the relay, VCC of the FM receiver and VDD of the Encoder IC is connected to the 5v power supply (+5v). 51kohms is connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to set the internal oscillator frequency of the decoder IC (HT12D). A0 to VSS, GND of the FM receiver and relay is grounded. D10 is connected to the input pin of the relay. D10 is configured to socket the lamp. 17 Figure 3.5.8 Outside Light Control Module Figure 3.5.8 shows the outside light control system of the home automation. However, the FM receiver is connected to the DIN of the decoder IC. The VCC of the relay, VCC of the FM receiver and VDD of the Encoder IC is connected to the 5v power supply (+5v). 51kohms is connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to set the internal oscillator frequency of the decoder IC (HT12D). A0 to VSS, GND of the FM receiver and relay is grounded. D11 is connected to the input pin of the relay. D11 is configured to control the Outside light 18 Circuit Diagram of the Complete System. 19 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Implementation and Testing This section covers the implementation and testing phase of home automation. It also covers the conclusions of the results and the challenges faced during the implementation process. The various devices, software development platforms, and test results have been discussed in this chapter. As discussed in chapter three, the project methodology was fully implemented in the project's development. 20 4.2 Setting Up The Software Development Environment Arduino develops an open-source and easy-to-use programming environment for writing instructions and uploading them unto the Arduino board. To begin, the development environment was set up. The primary development tool is the NodeMCU IDE (Integrated Development Environment). The IDE is available for Windows and other operating systems on the Arduino website. 4.3 Results and Analysis At the end of the project, we were able to develop a system that allows the user in the house to command the light, fan, socket and outside light using google assistance or the Blynk app. The devices then use the configuration defined by the user to set up the system, and the user must get access to the Internet and download the Blynk app and google assistants. The user then signs in with the programmed email account and password. After signing in, the user can command the light, fan, socket and 21 outside light using google assistants (voice command). The results were positive, and the system responded well. 22 CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter concludes and presents relevant reliable recommendations the importance and significance of the time management system. 5.2 CONCLUSION With the results obtained and analyzed, it is possible to conclude and observe the advantages of this project is highly reliable and efficient for aged people, people with disability and people who find to move to switch devices. Compared to other home automation, this project improves the range in controlling home appliances, accessibility and user specification. Above all, this project is easy to install and not affected by the weather. 5.3 Recommendation Some other students should take up this project and improve upon it using Raspberry Pi. 23 REFERENCES Arun Jose, R. M. (2015, August). Smart Home Automation Security: A Literature Review. The Smart Computing Review. Charlie Wilson, T. H.-B. (2014). Smart homes and their users: a systematic analysis. David Gann, J. B. (1999). “Digital futures. Making Homes Smarter. Imperial College London. Robert Eckl, A. M. (2009). Smart Home Challenges and Approaches to Solve them: A practical Industrial Perspective. In A. M. Robert Eckl, Intelligent Interactive Assistance and Mobile Multimedia Computing (pp. 119-130). Rouse, M. (n.d.). "internet of things (IoT)". IoT Agenda. Seokung Yoon, H. P. (2015). Security Issues on Smarthome in IoT Environment. In S. I. Park J., Computer Science and its Applications (pp. 691-696). Temitope Oluwafemi, S. G. (2013). Experimental Security Analyses of Non-Networked Compact Fluorescent Lamps: A Case Study of Home Automation Security. LASER 2013 • Learning from Authoritative Security Experiment Results, (pp. 13-24). “Arduino - Software.” [Online]. Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software. [Accessed: 20-Nov-2019] Sangsanit K. and C. 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Mujaico-Mariano, “Implementation of a System for the Evaluation of Environmental Factors that Use the Internet of Things,” in 2018 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON), Lima, 2018, pp. 1–4. Aamer H., R. Mumtaz, H. Anwar, and S. Poslad, “A Very Low Cost, Open, Wireless, Internet of Things (IoT) Air Quality Monitoring Platform,” in 2018 15th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT (HONET-ICT), Islamabad, 2018, pp. 102– 106. Kodali R. K. and S. Yadavilli, “Mongoose RTOS based IoT Implementation of Surveillance System,” in 2018 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things (IC3IoT), Chennai, India, 2018, pp. 155–158. Jabbar W. A. et al., “Design and Fabrication of Smart Home With the Internet of Things Enabled Automation System," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 144059–144074, 2019. 25 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Figure A; Assembly of a prototype using the breadboard 26 Figure A2; Testing the prototype 27 Figure A3; Finished product 28 APPENDIX B Figure 5.1 Simulation of The Home Automation 29 APPENDIX PROGRAMMING CODE #define BLYNK_PRINT Serial #include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h> // You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App. // Go to the Project Settings (nut icon). char auth [] = "eMSURFGlbNwSmVSGSQO-fzWDREVMmKK8"; // You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App. // Your Wi-Fi credentials. // Set password to "for open networks. char ssid[] = "A3_PRO"; char pass[] = " qwertyuiop"; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); Blynk.begin(auth,ssid,pass); } void loop() { Blynk.run(); 30