Sahil Radadiya
1. Ancient Egyptian pharaoh Hatshepsut ruled during the 18th dynasty from 1479 to 1458 BCE. Being
one of the few female pharaohs in Egyptian history and ruling as a king rather than a queen consort
made her special. Extending Egypt's commerce channels and developing diplomatic ties with other
countries are among Hatshepsut's achievements. She also ordered a number of magnificent
construction projects, including the Red Chapel at Karnak and the mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. She
is recognized as one of Egypt's most prosperous pharaohs and her rule was remarkable for its stability
and wealth.
2. Building basic shelters out of wood and animal skins during the Paleolithic era marked the beginning
of building development in Europe. Architecture evolved to include more durable buildings built of
stone and mud bricks as human cultures grew more sophisticated. With the erection of ziggurats and
temples devoted to gods and goddesses, architecture in ancient Near Eastern city-states assumed a
colossal scale. Grandiose temples and pyramids that up Egypt's architectural landscape, but the Persian
empire was noted for its ornate palaces and imposing gates.
3.Art and writing have a close relationship in ancient cultures. Writing was first employed in many
societies to retain records, and words and concepts were frequently represented by pictograms. These
pictograms evolved into a full-fledged writing system throughout time as they got increasingly stylised
and abstract. In Egypt, religious scriptures and historical events were written in hieroglyphics. Cuneiform
was used in Mesopotamia to preserve information and to create epic stories like the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Meanwhile, artwork frequently portrayed events from religious scriptures and mythology and
functioned as a tool of political propaganda for kings.
4. Due to a number of circumstances, ancient Egyptian civilization endured for approximately 3,000
years without significant alteration. Egypt's geographic isolation, which allowed it to create its own
distinct culture and customs, was a significant determinant. The pharaonic form of governance also
offered a strong, consolidated power structure that could withstand outside challenges. The pharaohs
served as both political and religious leaders, which contributed significantly to the importance of
religion in Egyptian culture. The building of imposing temples and pyramids contributed to the
maintenance of Egyptian culture and the pharaoh's authority. Lastly, the Nile River ensured that the
people could prosper and support itself over the long term by providing a steady source of water and
rich ground for cultivation.