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Antibacterial activity of Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proponents:
Caparas, Janrold Z.
Sales, Jasmine Claire D.J.
Tan, Jelyssah Caye G.
2019
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Table of contents
I.
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
a) Background of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
b) Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
c) Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
d) Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
II.
MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
a) Research design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
b) Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
c) Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
d) Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
III.
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
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Introduction
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacteria that can cause different types of
healthcare-associated infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wounds, or surgical
site infections, and meningitis. The bacteria usually found in the human intestine and can also be
found in human stool. The bacteria commonly occurs among sick patients who are receiving
treatment for other conditions. The bacteria causes no harm to healthy people. Carica papaya is a
plant with a lot of vitamins such as, vitamin C, A, E, B, and minerals like fiber, potassium, and
magnesium. It mostly grows in countries with tropical climate. The plant grows fast, and it only
takes 3 years for the plants to bear fruits, that’s why the fruit is very abundant in tropical countries.
Papaya seeds were proven to have potent medical values. However, little is known about the
properties of its leaf extract.
Based on the researchers' background knowledge about papaya, the plant exhibits amazing
properties and is rich with nutrients and minerals, if that the case then it is powerful against
bacteria, if so, then its leaf must be effective against bacteria, so the researchers hypothesized that
Papaya leaf extract is effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The researchers want to test the effectiveness of the leaf extract by testing if the leaf extract
can reduce the quantity of the bacteria. Seeing the properties of the plant, and its potential, it led
the researchers to do a study about the plant. The researchers expect that the Papaya leaf extract
has a positive effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Background of the study
Carica Papaya have been used as a remedy against various diseases. "Papaya" is the most
widely cultivated and the best known species. It is a nutraceutical plant having a wide range of
pharmacological activities. The whole plant has its own medicinal value. However, little
information exits on the antibacterial property of papaya dried and fresh leaves. But it is known
and made as tea as a treatment for malaria. Only antimalarial activity has been noted in some
preparations of the plant, the leaves of the papaya contains chemical compound of karpain, a
substance that kills microorganisms that often interfere with the digestive function. Papaya leaves
extract
has
phenolic
compounds,
such
as
protocatechuic
acid,
p-coumaric
acid,
dimethoxycoumarin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, chlorogenic acid. Meanwhile Klebsiella
pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacteria that causes different illnesses such as bloodstream
infections, surgical site infections and meningitis. Klebsiella pneumoniae is normally found in the
human intestines(where they don’t cause disease) and also found in human stool. In healthcare,
Klebsiella infections commonly occur among sick patients who are receiving treatment for other
conditions. Patients whose care requires devices like ventilators (breathing machines) or
intravenous (vein) catheters, and patients who are taking long courses of certain antibiotics are
most at risk for Klebsiella Infections. Healthy people do not usually get Klebsiella infections.
Statement of the problem
1. The researchers want to know how effective the papaya leaf extract affect the
growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Hypotheses
the researchers hypothesize that the papaya leaf extract is an effective antibacterial extract.
Ha- the papaya leaf extract is an effective antibacterial extract.
Ho- the papaya leaf extract is not an effective antibacterial extract.
Significance of the study
The significance of this study is to help create a new set of drugs or medicine against
Klebsiella Pneumoniae and to also improve healthcare and knowledge about papaya leaves and
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Materials and Methods
This part presents the materials and procedures that will be used in the preparation and
conduction of the product and experiment.
Research design
This study will be using one-group design in determining the antibacterial activity of
papaya leaf extract because this study only contains a one group setup and comparisons will not
be made.
Research materials
The researchers’ used the following materials and equipment in conducting the research
study: 10 petri dishes,10 plates of macConkey agar, 5-10 sterile cotton swabs, Incubator, 1000 mL
of purified/ distilled water, 2-4 kilos Papaya leaves, 100-200 mL of Ethanol, 2 beakers, 1 plate of
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Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, Mortar and pestle, Inoculating loop, Hot plate, and 10 plates of
Mueller hinton agar.
Flowchart of research procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Acquisition and identification
Preparation of plant material
of plant material
Step 4
Step 3
Preparation of bacteria
Extraction of plant material
(Klebsiella pneumoniae)
Step 5
Testing the antibacterial
activity of extract
Figure 1. process flow of the experiment
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I.
Acquisition of Plant Material:
The plant papaya leaves will be collected from in and around the province of
Laguna. This plant will be botanically authenticated in the Bureau of Plant Industry in
Manila. The leaves will be washed thoroughly 3–10 times in sterile distilled water. And
the leaves will be shade dried and used for the extraction.
II.
preparation of Plant Material:
The leaves of papaya will be air dried and crushed to small piece using Mortar and
Pestle after being washed and powdered in an electric grinder. The powdered plant material
will be subjected for successive Soxhlet extraction.
III.
Extraction of plant material
The plant material will be air dried, powdered and subjected to Soxhlet extraction.
The extracts will be concentrated to dryness in a flask evaporator under reduced pressure
and controlled temperature. The plant extracts will be prepared by using soxhlet apparatus
collected and stored in a vial for further studies.
IV.
Preparation of bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae)
The bacteria will be bought in M.I.D.C (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Center) in Las Piñas city. They will be bought either in test tubes or plates.
V.
testing the Antibacterial Activity of extract
The antibacterial activities of the extracts will be tested by using agar diffusion
method. Klebsiella pneumoniae will be used to test the antibacterial activity of the papaya
leaf extract. All the plates will be allowed to incubate at 37˚C for 24-48h in bacteriological
incubator.
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