the
extricate
to
took
He
God's
at
a
appointed
with
was
order
juncture
oy
the
to Ministe.
critical
restore
embarrassments,
its help, very Prime
from
of
of
of the
25
interest.
cent
perBitISII
rate
exorbitant
Contingent
at
of
nephew
overSiraj-ul
do
my the Mulk,
nevertheless,
Company
and
maintenance
Russell
Salar
incurred
debt
to
the on
Palmer the
Salar
Jung I
Jung,
administration
Government best,
(38 )
"I
endeavour shall,
Englishman. and
Mukhtar-ul-Mulk.
an
Mir
to crisis. the Turab
of
title
Dighton, this
Ali
He
Khan
of
country,
wrote;
Nizam
in in of
the
afinancial
letteraffairs
with
The Roual Palaces of the Nizams
It was indeed, a stupendous task that faced Salar lung. He wanted to usher in a pertectly
new system ot administration, but the condition of the State was worse than bad. The expenditure
was excessive, the treasury was empty, Added to the innumerable problems he had no personal
influence with the Nizam at the time he came to helm of affairs. He wrote to Col. Low British
Resident at Hyderabad: "You are aware that Burhanuddin is my medium of communication with the
Nizam, and he is the only man who has influence enough with His Highness to persuade him to
Consent to my measures." In spite of all the handicaps, Salar lung boldly introduced all-rournd
reforms and reorganized the administrative machinery. The reforms improved the finances and raised
his prestige and hope.
6.
Afzal-ud-daula Asaf Jah V (1857-1869)
Nasiruddaula died on 21 Ramzan 1273 (May 16. 1857) he was succeeded by his son Mir
Rabi. I 1243
Tahniyat Ali Khan Afzal-ud-daula on 23 Ramazan 1273 (May 18, 1857). He was born on 20
(October l1, 1827).
Salar Jung Reforms the administration
daula's reign were
The administrative reforms which Salar Jung had embarked during Nasir ud
improvement in all walks of the State
continued under Afzal-ud-daula's reign too and a substantial
machina and saved the State in all respects.
became evident. Salar Jung very ably played the deus ex
important, was carried out in hot haste. He
Nothing of him was ever hurried : no reform, however
lines, yet retaining their oriental
established offices and administrative departments on modern
Jung are enumerated here: abolishing of revenue
heritage. Some of the important reforms, of Salar
formation of revenue units; division of the State
and
districts
and
villages
of
demarcation
farming;
the
and 73 tehsils; regular system of measurment of
into six and then five provinces with 14 districts
the collecting in
fixed scale at a certain date; abolition of
a
on
revenue
land
of
assessment
fields;
introduction of the system of revenue suvey
advance a part of the revenue from the cultivator;
for the
deal with the cultivator directly: a school
to
undertook
Government
the
which
through
officers
courts of justice at the capital, munsifs and
training of revenue officials; instead of the three
State to attend to civil and criminal cases;
the
throughout
appointed
mir-i-adil
a
of
holding the rank
Indian rupee;
1854; and exchange rate fixed with British
in
introduced
was
coins
rupee
Sikka
Hali
the
reforms in
were suppressed.Likewise he made
mints
private
many
and
established
Sa mint was
but were
postal and fiscal stamps designed in 1867 ;
Hyderabad's
got
also
direction.He
various
issued two years later.
(39 )
M. A. NAYEEM
Sepoy Resolt Against the British - 1857
Earlier during the year 1857 when the "Sepoy Revolt" (called Mutiny by the British) which
convulsed the whole of India, naturally affected Hyderabad. Turabaz Khan was the first to attack
the British Residency. Since Hyderabad occupied a central position with British territory all
|around
the British considered the Nizam's sympathy of utmost importance during the mutiny It a
generally accepted that if the Nizam ioined the mutineers, the whole of India would take nar:
the first war of India's Independence. The Governor of Bombay Presidency telegraphed to the
British Resident at Hyderabad during the mutiny saying. "If the Nizam goes, all goes." But, the
Nizam and the far-sighted Salar Jung remained sincere in their friendship to the Brits
when the fate of the British Empire in the East trembled in balance. However Salar Jung's vigilarre
Could not prevent the assault on the Residency by group of people led by Allahuddin and Turaba
Khan on 17th July, 1857.Col. Davidson, the Resident was inside at that time, but the attackers wer.
disbursed.
Nizam Independent Sovereign--Khutba and Sicca in the Nizam's Name
The year 1857 was a landmark in the history of Hyderabad State, as the cwer of the
Mughal Emperor at Delhi vanished and the Nizam ceased to be a Mughal subedar,
wch was jus:
in name only. The Nizam became independent sovereign from
thence. As such, th: oractice c:
incorporating the name of the Mughal Emperor in the khutba and on the coins of Herabad and
the Deccan was discontinued. Instead, from 1274H
(1858), new coins called Hali wer minted with
the inscription "Sikka Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah
Bahadur" (coins of Nizamul Mulk Asaf lah tahadur) or
the obverse, while the reverse had the place name
of the minting, "Zarb Farkhunda Bunydd,
Hyderabau
(Minted at Hyderabad) and Julus Maimanat.... (Lucky
Regnal year...). Consequently, the coins 0
the Mughal Emperor ceased to be
current in Hyderabad. (For the illustrations of the
coins and
currency of the Nizams, please see present writer's
book: The Splandour of Huderabad. 2002.)
The Nizam's State Railways
The Nizam ceded in 1860 the
land required by the
Bombay-Madras railway line passti
through the State territory in the
Raichur doab. The line was later
extended upto Wadi, some l
miles from Hyderabad. A new line called
Nizam's State Railway was
Hyderabad
In connection with the railways, the
Nizam had granted to the introduced linking
British full jurisdiction with that
portion of the territory which was
occupied by the
railways.
(40 )
The
introduction
of the railway[
St
(O
in
life
The Royal Palaces of the Nizams
Contributed much to the economic development of the State and made easy communication
possible with various places of British India.
Since Berar was given by the Nizam in trust. Salar Jung in 1866, requested the British to
restore the same in accordance with the Treaty of 1853. He proposed to deposit nine crore rupees
The profit acquiring from it would be sufficient to meet the expenses of the contingent. The British
rejected this fair offer and cunningly declined to entertain any correspondence in this regard in
future. The British failed to keep up to the terms of the treaty of 1853.
After reigning for 12 years,Afzal ud daula died on 13 Zigada 1285H(February 26. 1869) in the
forty-third year of his life.
7.
Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI (1869-1911)
Regency of Salar Jung and Shamsul Umara II
The infant prince, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur, who was then under three years of age
having been bon on 5 Rab. II 1283H (August 17,1866), was proclaimed the Nizam, Asaf lah VI. at
a formal ceremony on March 6, 1869. The accession Durbar was held on 27th May 1869.attersded
by Salar Jung, Sham-ul-Umara (Amir-i-Kabir) and the British Resident. A regency of Nawab Salar Jung
and Nawab Rashiduddin Khan Shamsul Umara IIl was formed during the infancy of the Nizam. The
of the
cO-regents Salar Jung and Shamsul Umara II, evinced a keen interest in the early education
infant Nizam. Captain John Clark, Equerry to the Duke of Edinburgh, was appointed tutor to the
educate the
Nizam. Besides, eminent educationists in Arabic, Persian and Urdu were also engaged to
physical education
Nizam. In addition, experts were appointed to train the Nizam in sports and
plavground He
Within a short period of time, he distinguished himself both in learning and on the
was very
became adept in riding, tent-pegging, shooting and cricket and wrote exquisite poetry. He
l6 years of age
much influenced by the personality of Salar Jung, who when the Nizam was of
achievement
initiated him into the details of office work and the administration of the State. Aunique
the introduction of State's postal
of the first year of the regin of "Mahboob" (the Beloved) was
through adastur-ul-anal
stamps on 8h September, 1969; and stream ining of postal department
(official code, regulations.)
administrative reforms
During the period of co-regency, Salar Jung continued in full swing his
permanent feature of daily
in all direction affecting every walk of lite in the State which had became a
modernism.
life. In fact Salar Jung's reforms were transforming Hyderabad State from mediaevalism to
(41 )
M. A. NAYEEM
The infant Nizam made his first
public
years. By royal
appearance while he was a boy of IT
ation ot Her Majesty the Oueen-Fmpress he was Dresent at Delhi on anuary
lo
On the
oIOl OT the Proclamation Dav He vas accompanied by Sir Salar lung (knighted in lö7)and a
aEEO hobles. He made his first tour of the State in his 15th year, accompanied by Slr Salar Jung
and the members of his Council and became acquainted with departmental work. nus, ne was,
gradually prepared to assume personal control of the State.
Sir Salar Jung l Regent
12, 1881, no successor
When the co-regent, Shamsul Umara lll, passed away on December
administrator of the State.
Was appointed and Sir Salar Jung continued as sole regent and
utmost to settle with the
In 1882, Salar Jung created a revenue board. He endeavoured to his
British the vexed question of the British contingent and eradicated all evils in the revenue departnent
and brought the budget within the limit of solvency, such as had never been known to the exchequer
for generations together. Thus once again Hyderabad became a solvent State)
SirSalar Jung met an untimely death on February, 8, 1883. His place was now taken b co
administrators, Maharaja Narindar Pershad (peshkar) and Mir Laig Ali, (elder son of Sir Salar Jung and
were designated as senior and junior administrators, respectively.)Council of Sir Asman Jah and
Maharaja Narinder Pershad was formed.
The internal politics led to the formation of a council of regency, instead of th
co
administrators. Sir Asman Jah, Shamsul Umara and the peshkar Maharaja Narindar Pershed const:uted
the council, while Mir Laiqg Ali was made council's secretary.
When the Nizam reached the age of 18 years, he took the full reigns of
the government on
February 5, 1886. On the occasion, Lord Ripon, the then Viceroy and
Governar-General of India
visited Hyderabad and attended the investiture ceremony. As soon as the
Nizam assumed the
sovereign rights of the State, the first thing he did was to issue a proclamation to his ten
million
subjects giving the outlines of the policy he was going tO pursue regarding the
administration of the
State) the proclarnation reads as follows: " Noting will afford me
greater pleasure than to see my
people living in peace and prosperity, engaged in the development of their
wealth, in the acquisition
of knowledge and the cultivation of arts and science so
that by their efforts the country may rise
to a high state of enlightenment and the State derive
support and benefit from their knowledge and
It
intelligence. is my earnest hope that the minister and all the officers of the
State relving on my
(42 )
The Roual Palaces of the Nizams
protection and support willalways be zealous in the promotion of good and the suppression of evil
and will protect the rights of the people without fear of favour"
Salar Jung II
The late Sir Salar Jung's son, Mir Laig Ali Khan, was bestowed with the title of "Salar Jung"
and "Munir-ud-daula" on October 31 and three months later on February 5 he was appointed prime
office
minister of Hyderabad. In the footsteps of his father, Mir Laig Ali during his tenure of
the State so
endeavoured to continue the reforms and general progressive administration of
consultative council.
substantially initiated by his father) For the introduction of proper legislation, a
first member. The other members of
called the Council of State was created, the minister being its
Vagar-ul-Umara, and the peshkar. The Nizam
the council were Nawab Khurshid Jah, Badhir-ud-daula,
was the President of the Council.
In the circumstances, the Nizam took over
Salar Jung II, resigned his office in April, 1887.
secretary
prime minister, assisted by an adviser anda
direct administration of the State without the
which he continued for about a year.
Sir Asman Jah
Queen
England to attend the Golden Jubilee of
to
been
had
who
Bahadur
Sir Asman Jah
old
was an
appointed prime minister of Hyderabad. He
was
he
week
a
within
and
returned
Victoria
the verv
than once in that position before. In
more
acted
having
ability
of
and tried administrator
both
in the State budget with regard to
made
were
changes
important
first year of his administration,
Education
other departments were also made.
in
Modifications
expenditure.
the receipts and the
cousin.
for six years and resigned. His
State
the
of
affairs
the
guided
received special attention. He
)
1893.
in
administration
the
over
Nawab Sir Vagar-ul-Umara, took
Sir Vaqar ul Umara
the
definite constitutional advance in
a
of
landmark
second
the
/The year 1893 marks
many major
the people the institution of
to
announced
Nizam
The
administration of Hyderabad.
The most
edict called Qanunche-i-Mubarik.
an
through
Government
executive
reforms in the constitution of the
cabinet council for translating
a
of
institution
the
were
reform
important features of the new
which was both
of the council of State,
place
in
laws
framing
for
transacted any
business and a legislative council
seldom met and hardly
which
but
combined,
body
an executive and legislative
prime minister, the peshkar
the
of
composed
body,
a consultative
business. The cabinet council was
(43 )
M. A. NAYEEM
and the d partinental ministers, the Prime Minister
of administrativ.
President. All matters
the
being
importance were to be referred to this council for settlement.)
The Nizam, the prim
follows:
was
government thus resulted in 1893
Onces,anc
Tie structure of the
Revenue, Stamps, Mint, POst
Political.
Finance.
for the
peshkar was responsible
isteT, ne was responsible
and ministers. The
peshkar
by
assisted
minister was
Justice and Public Affairs
Kegular Troops. The prime
of
Minister
Troops.
Iregular
and
Troops of the British and
Service
Imperial
Wards ). Minister of Police
TOr
of
Court
Institutions,
Medical, Religious
Secretaries
Sanitation). There were six
((Ustice, Jail,s Registration,
Municipalities,
Mines.
Works, Railways.
Works, Militar
Public Works (Police, Public
Police, General Public
Judicial,
Revenue,
departments : Finance,
each for the following
Daftar-i-Mulki ( foreign affairs).
Private Secretariat and
Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad
Kishen Pe ad.
The peshkar, Maharaja Sir
1901.
of
half
later
the
in
Sir Vagarul Umara took ill
appointe the
in 1902, the Nizam
former
the
of
death
the
officiated for him about a year. On
tittle of Yaminus-Sultanat.
Maharaja as prime minister with the
K hen
Nizam by the British was revived by Sir
the
to
Berar
of
restoration
the
of
The issue
and
Viceroy, himself came to Hyderabad in 190
the
Curzon,
Lord
matter,
the
settle
Pershad. To
British. The Nizamn did not agree t the
demanded the assignment of Berar permanently to the
which specifically stated that Bera was
proposal and invoked the terms of the treaties of 1853 and
restoration. A compromise was
assigned in trust to the British and as such the Nizam demanded its
the Nizam's Governmer by
arrived at and on November 5, 1902, an agreement was executed by
25 akh
which the Hyderabad assigned districts in Berar were leased to the British on payment of
rupees per annum and the Nizam's sovereignty was recognised over Berar by hoisting Nizam's flag
and firing a salute on his birthday. Consequently, the Hyderabad contingent was disbanded and
absorbed in the British army.)
Mahbub -the Beloved
Mir Mahbub Ali Khan was a benevolent ruler and, as his name implies, "Mahbub" (beloved)
he was of his people's beloved. He had unfeigned love for his subjects. He was familiarly called
"Mahbub Pasha" by his people. His deep concern was the welfare of his people. We tried to
acquaint
himself personally about the welfare of he people and gain first hand
information. For this purpose
sit is said that he use to disguise himself and go about in the
city and mix with the people as ordinary
man. He use to go on foot or horse and sometimes on elephant.) His
attitude towards his people
(44 )
ative
The Roual Palaces of the Nizams
may be elucidated from his own Urdu couplets: "Asif would not hesitate to lay down his wealth or
rime
,and
sible
even life if is required for the good of his people", The Amrith Bazar Patrika of 30 May 1907 paid him
glowing tribute "as an embodiment of justice. toleration and love. His attitude towards his co
religionists and Hindu subjects is punctiliously equi balanced.... Hindus and Muslims, Parsis and
Christians
fairs
and
aries
tary,
swell the chorus with fervour -Log live our Mahboob Badshah the just pious".
He was a progressive ruler of an independent character and sound judgment. During hs
benevolent rule, all-round progress, in the administration as wellas the general welfare of the people
and the State, was made.) He took a personal interest in the welfare of the people and made visits.
(He was well known throughout India for his generosity, kindliness and saintly character:)
Some of the important features of his rule are enumerated here. He revised the system of
revenue settlement for the benefit of the peasantry,new irigation works were constructed, encouragement
nad,
the
and impetusss was given to industries and craft, railway system was developed. He paid particular
attention to education of both men and women. Hyderabad college was opened in 1880 and was
afflicted to the Madras University. New Mahbubiyya rupee coins were introduced in 1904.
(His reign witnessed all round progress in the State in each and every department which was
hen
and
the
was
reformed and modernised on par with British India and he gradually transformed Hyderabad from
medieavalism to a modern State. He uplifted the socio- economic conditions of he people. Cultural
life too advanced considerably and we have a vivid picture of the splendour of Hyderabad during the
days of the beloved.
was
by
akh
flag
and
(His reign witnessed the financial stability of the State which reached a safe and secured
position. Its cash deposits and securities which amounted to one crore and thirty lakh of rupees in
1907 were increased to over five crores in 1910.)
Personal interest and administration of the Nizam VI ushered in a new epoch in the
constitutional and economic growth and modernistaion of Hyderabad. His benevolent rule set stage
for political, social and economic developments and gave further impetus for modernisation under
his son Osman Ali Khan. )
ed)
(Mir Mahbub Ali Khan died on 4 Ramazan 1329 (August 29, 1911).
led
int
8.
Mir Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII (1911-1948)
se
On the same day of the death of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, his son, Mir Osman Ali Khan, was
ary
proclaimed the Nizam by Nawab Shahab Jung, the minister of police. The formal coronation and
ple
(45 )
M. A. NAYEEM
aurbar were held on 10 Ramazan 1329 (September 18. 191). He was born on 29, Jamadi
(April 5, 1886).
1303
was anxious to train his Son
Wiie Ir Osman Ali Khan was vet voung the ate Nizam. who
possible manner. engaged eminent SCholars in
OT uie great office that awaited him in the best
riding, tent-pegging, shooting, cricket and
rerslan and Urdu as tutors. Sports and phvsical training,
under the supervision of Colonel Sir Afsur-ul-Mulk,
Otner manly exercises were regularly taught
just 13 years old, Sir Brain Egarton
Commander-in-chief of the Nizam's army In the vear 1899. when
was appointed to teach English to him.
had a
character, possessing determination. He
and
personality
powerful
The Nizam had a
by
showed even when he was heir-apparent
he
characteristics
which
business
for
marked aptitude
him every
his august father, were placed before
of
order
by
that,
documents
State
digesting the many
identified
of administration and had
matters
all
in
interest
keen
morning. After accession, he took a
himself with every scherne of development.
Salar Jung II
of the heavy responsibility of cime
relieved
be
to
desired
Pershad
Kishen
In 1912, Sir
Niwab
so, the Nizam appointed in his place
ministership, retaining, however, the office of peskhar;
late
minister, in July 1912. Salar Jung ll tried to en
Yusuf Ali Khan Bahadur, Salar Jung II, as prime
tenure he maintained the prestige of administra ion.
the lifework of Sir Salar Jung Iand, during his brief
In December, 1914 he resigned his office.
Progress
Nizam's Direct Administration - Reforms and all-round
individual attention to the affairs of the
The Nizam, who ever since his accession was paying
administration in his own hands. He
State and mindful of the welfare of his subjects, now took the
result of which many and varied
closely proceeded on the lines chalked out by the late Nizam, as a
financial condition of
improvements were made in the State. During his personal administration, the
State, was placed
the State was made sound, and the currency, which is a unique institution of the
on a secure foundation. The revenue was largely in surplus, A few of the many important changes
that he wrought in the administration of the State are as follows:
In the public welfare department, the educational system was thoroughly overhauled; Osmania
University was inaugurated in 1917 with Urdu as medium of instruction; the medical department was
reorganised and law and engineering colleges established; the department of archaeology and a
sanitary department established and also a city improvement trust; the railway system was extended:
to improve the economic and material condition of the peasant and the p0or. such useful departments
(46 )
The Roual Palaces of the Nizans
as agriculture and co-operative credit societies were created; a statistical department for the
purpose
of compiling agricultural statistics and those relating to prices, wages, industries and commerce was
established in 1919; the telephone department was thoroughly reorganised; frequent industrial
exhibitions were held to educate the people: a new constitution was inaugurated in 1919, giving a
new torm of government; several flood works and river protection schemes such as Nizam Sagar dam,
the Wyra project dam, the Paler project dam were established; numerous constructions of public
buildings were undertaken, such as the Osmania University complex, scores of schools, hospitals.
Town Hall, High Court, etc. to mention a few only.
New Constitution
The Nizam ushered in anew era of progress and prosperity in the State, and on November
17, 1919, introduced a new constitution of the Government with an executive council. In the course
of his inaugural address to the newly constituted council, one of the many landmarks of his reign.
the Nizam said: "For five long years, I have toiled hard and kept in view the measures that promised
to secure the happiness and prosperity of by beloved subjects in whose contentment and advancement
my interest is paternal and abiding."
Sir Ali Imam was appointed by the Nizam as the first president (sadr-i-azam) of the newly
constituted executive council. The structure of the Nizam's Government that took a new shape and
continued to function till its end in 1948
World War I
During the First World War, the Nizam and his forces played a highly commendable rol:
Hyderabad troops fought side by side with British forces in south west Asia. King George V was
the letter which
prompt in handsomely recognising the Nizam's services, as following extract from
he wrote from Buckingham Palace on January 24, 1918, reveals:
services which vou
"It gives me great satisfaction to show my appreciation of the eminent
have rendered to my Empire during the war by confirming upon you the special style of Exalted
Government'
Highness', and by confirming toyou formally the honourable title of 'Faithful Ally of British
my
by which your Exalted Highness and your predecessors have long emphasised your loyalty to
ancestors and myself".
Matrimonial alliance with Ottoman Turkey
and this was exploited
The Nizam held a most prominent position among the Muslims of India,
war in November, 1914, Lord
by the British during the World War I. When Ottoman Turkey entered the
(47)
M, A. NAYEEM
Harding, Governor-General of India, appealed to the Nizam, in an official letter, to persuade the
Muslims of India to disregard the appeal of jihad made by the Sharif ofMecca (under the Ottoman
Empire) against the Allies. The Nizam favourably responded to the British overtures and acted against
the Khilafat movement in India.
The Nizam issueda farman
prohibiting all Khilafat meetings in Hyderabad. However, all the
Turkey, himself abandoned
eftorts of the Nizam and the British were invain as Kamal Atta Turk of
financial assistance
the Khilafat. Later on, the Nizam compensated this action by rendering regular
the Nizam came to the resCue
tor subsistence to the Ottoman roval familv in excile in France. Again
Durushahwar, the only daughter of ex-Caliph
Of the Ottoman tamily by marrying Ottoman princess
1931 at Nice, France) and princess Nilufor,
Abdul Majid to his son Prince Azam Jah (on 12November.
Murad V) to prince Muazzam Jah.
a niece of the ex-Caliph (grand daughter of Sultan
celebrated with great pomp the two hundredth
On the first Shaban 1342H. (1923), the Nizam
rule in the Deccan. A royal durbar was
anniversary of the establishment of the Asaf Jahi dynasty and
held and a holiday was declared.
Nizam British Diplomatic Tangle over Berar, Federation, etc
mainly o: four
Hyderabad's relations with the British during the reign of Nizam VIl centered
of Secunder bad
crucial subjects - restoration of Berar to Nizam, the federal discussions, rendition
to the Nizam and Hyderabad's independence.
dow i the
Lord Reading, British Viceroy, was in no mood to reopen the Berar issue and turned
conference held
Nizam's proposal of 1923 to restore it. Theissue was revived at the first round table
in London in 1930, in which Hyderabad participated. Sir Akber Hyderi represented the case of Berar
at the conference. Three years later, Lord Willington agreed and made asatisfactory announcement
on December 1, 1933. The sovereignty of the Nizam over Berar was accepted and acknowledged by
the British; but its administration, according to the agreement reached on October 24, 1936, was to
remain with the British and the latter agreed to pay the surplus revenue to the Nizam. The title of
the Nizarm and his successors was revised by the Viceroy and notified as. "His Exalted Highness the
Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar", and his heir-apparent received the title of "His Highness the Prince
of Berar."
The Nizanm and Sir Akbar Hyderi tried their utmost to counter the British idea of" paramountcy
and the latter represernted Hyderabad at the federal discussion at the three reound table conferences
(48 )
The Royal Palaces of the Nizams
in London. Hyderi was elected chairman of the committee of the Indian State's delegation for the
federal discussions.
With the outbreak of the Second World War. the question of federation was postponed and
the Act of 1935 could not be implemented. As in the first World War, Sir Winston Churchill in a
telegram stated: "His Exalted Highness has been with the Allies throughout the fluctuations of this
arduous struggle , generous in men, money and material. His troops have done sterling service in
Malaya and the Middle East, and the squadron which bears Hyderabad's name has shared in the
achievements of the Royal Air Force." Hyderabad's contribution to the war amounted to six crores
and seventy-one lakh rupees. The Hyderabad Government invested over fifty crores in various defense
and other loans of the Government of India. The public of Hyderabad contributed over 24 lakh
rupees. Besides, the entire Hyderabad Government machinery in various departments worked for the
war purposes.
The issue of paramountcy was revived with the Sir Stafford Cripps mission to India in 1942.
Nawab of Chhatari (Ahmed Saeed), prime minister of Hyderabad, led the delegation, accompanied
by Nawab Medhi Yar Jung, Nawab Ali Yavar Jung and Syed Abdul Aziz. The British Government
allowed an alternative to the Nizam to either join the Indian Union or to remain independent and
maintain the status quo of the treaties with the British. Hyderabad wished to remain independent,
but needed an outlet by sea, as it was larndlocked by British India. For this purpose, the Nawab
of Chhatari invited the attention of the British to the Treaties of 1766, 1800, 1853 and 1860 and
the Agreement of 1902 and 1936 according to which the British were bound to return to Hyderabacd
large territories of Northern Sarkars , which would have given an out let by sea to Hyderabad.
But the British did not restore the territories. This led to complications and inability of Hyderabad
to survive independently.
The Nizam's Silver Jubilee
The joyous occasion was the celebration of Nizam Vl's
Silver Jubilee in 1935. It was
postponed twice till I Zihija 1355 (February 13, 1937). On the occasion a special jubilee pavilion
was built in the public gardens and commemorative stamps were issued.
Reforms Committee- New Constitution
The Nizam was constantly endeavouring to reform and improve the government machinery for
the better welfare of the people and to keep abreast with the modern times, as he never wanted his
State to lag behind. To introduce reforms the Nizam, in 1937, constituted a reforms committee of
(49 )
M. A. NAYELM
n
Aravamuda Aiyanger- chairma
three non-officials and two officials as follows: Dewan Bahadur
HuSam
Mahmud Oureshi (HC.S), Professor 0adir
Gulam
Khan,
Ali
Akbar
Mir
Barrister
Cornmittee.
acasting vote),
secretaryto the
as
Khan, and Kashinath Rao Vaidya. Syed Yusuf Ali was to act
of the
on the advice
approved and ,
were
committee
reforms
constitutional
the
of
The recommendation
introducing new
farman
1939, issued a
promulgated
constituted and
executive council, the Nizam on July 17,
as
Assembly
Legislative
Hyderabad
reforms. The final composition of the
was as follows:
walks of
by the ain (rules ) of 1939
of people from all
representatives
based with
times. The
Assembly, was broad
Legislative
assembly of modern
The
democratic
than any
controlling the working
no way was it less
In
professions.
in
role
important
Iife ad
functions played an
ples
and numerous
power
introduce democratic princ
vast
had
to
Assembly
tried
he
ruler,
Though the Nizam was the
Government.
presentation and approva of
State
the
provided,
of the
which the ain
the several items
Of
Assembly, in addition T a
Government.
The
Assembly.
in his
function of the
ajor
one of the main
was
budget
resolutions relating to the
State
the
specific
move
budget, had the power to
respor ole
Bahadur Yar Jung were
general discussion of the
and
members
budget. It seems, Ittehad
consultation with Muhar 1ad
and minor heads of the
in
acted
Nizam
The
for areformed legislature.
Muslims and 0%
in persuading the Nizam
Jung's proposals of 50%
Yar
Bahadur
accepted
Hyderi and
Ali linnah and Sir Akbar
Assembly.
non-Muslims in the elected
Hyderabad's World War II Efforts
al!
effort and helped the British
great
made
Nizam
the
II,
During the Second World War
the Duke
encomiums from personages like H.R.H.
the highest
means. Hyderabad'swar efforts received
sensible of what 'great things have een
very
was
he
that
declared
of Glocester. Lord Auchinleck
without the Hyderabad troops they
that
and
Hyderabad,
of
State
done in the Allied cause by the
telegram ot
task. Sir Winston Churchill, replying to a
their
on
carry
to
difficult
it
found
would have
Council on the successful opening of the
Defence
Hyderabad
the
by
him
to
congratulations sent
the Allies throughout the fluctuations ot
Second Front, said: " His Exalted Highness had been with
His trOops have done sterlins
his arduous struggle with generous help in men, money and material.
name had shared
service in Malaya and the Middle East, and the Squadron which bears Hyderabad's
in the achievement of the Royal Air Force".
The Nizam contributed much to the war finances. The Nizam's own private contributions to
the war amounted to rupees 60,000 for equipping a Fighter Air Squadron and Rs. 7 lakhs for the
Viceroy's War Purposes Fund. Direct and indirect was expenditure and contributions by the Hyderabad
(S0 )
The Roual Palaces of the Nizanns
Government amounted to Rs. 6 Crores 71 lakhs. The Hvderabad government donated nearly Rs. 52
lakhs to the British Air Ministry and the British Admiralty for the Hyderabad Air Force squadron and
tor the purpose of corvette named 'Hyderabad' and presented the Basset Trawler HMIS, "Berar to
the Royal lndian Navy. The Hyderabadcontributed over Rs. 24 lakhs to the Hyderabad War Purpose
Fund. and provided one squadron for the Royal Air Force at a cost of another twenty-four lakhs.
Besides, the entire Government machinery in various departments worked for the War purposes
Hyderabad, having played an important part during the Second World War, had reason to
celebrate the victory of the Allied powers, and Hyderabad was the first in the world to issue Victory
commemorative postal stamps with the inscription " Hyderabad" in English.
Rendition of Secunderabad
With the establishment of the British cantonment at Secunderabad, Trimulgiri and Bolaram.
the administration of Secunderabad city was under the British. After several decades of correspondence.
the British agreed to transfer the city to the Nizam. An agreement was made on December I, 1945
between Sir Muhammad Ahemd Said Khan, the Nawab of Chhatari, President of the Nizam's Executive
Council, and Sir Arthur Lothian, the British Resident at Hyderabad, transfering only the souchern
area of Secunderabad city to the Nizam.
Sir Stafford Cripps Mission
When the Cabinet Mission, appointed by Clement Atlee, British Prime Minister, in |946.
came to India, Nawab Chhatari held a meeting with the cabinet delegation and Viceroy Lord Wavel!.
He briefed Hyderabad's stand to remain independent in the event of a partition of India and
requested a special and separate treatment for Hyderabad in reciprocation of the Nizam's services
to the British Empire and that Hyderabad be treated as a separate unit. Hyderabad took this stand
on the basis of the return of the Nizam's territories and the military guarantees given to Hyderabad
restoration of the Northern
as per the terms of the existing treaties. The Nizam insisted that the
Sarkars would gjve an outlet to the sea necessary for Hyderabad's existence independently.
Hyderabad contended that this had been promised to them in the Treaty of I803 and the legal
Hyderabad State
opinion of eminent lawyers was in favour of this point of view. This was vital for
economically
with a population of nearly two crores, as no progress could be made industrially or
without an outlet to the sea.
(51)
Nizam's Decision for
M. A. NAYEEM
Independent State
Cripps assured that "the
State would, when British India became independent, be free to
joir
together in a Union or
not. It would be for them to
decide.
Thus the Nizam
chose independence and declared
1947, stating that
he
his policy through a royal farman on June ||
would resume the status of an independent sovereign.
The position of Hyderabad became more
precarious with the introduction of the Indian
Independence Bill in the House of Commons by Harold Macmillan on July 10, 1947. The destiny of
Hyderabad and other Indian State was not mentioned in the Bil,
except negatively.
The clause of the Bill reads: "All treaties and agreements in force at the
date of the passing
of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States, all
functions exerciseable b, His
Majesty at that date with respect to Indian States all obligations of His Majesty existing towarc the
Indian States or the rulers thereof - all these are unilaterally dissolved and abrogated". (Spe h of
Harold Macmillan in the House of Commons on the Second Reading of the India Independenc. Bill,
July 10, 1947.
The Nizam was very much distressed at this unilateral repudiation by British of the t aties
with Hyderabad. The Nizam strongly protested invain to the crown representative in aletter c 14th
July, 1947.
A week before India's independence, the Nizam again reiterated his decision: "It is not
possible for me to contemplate an organic union with either of the dominions until I am moe fully
intormed on these matters. Iam bound at this stage to wait and see how relations between the
two Dominions are developed and regulated." He stuck to his firm decision even on the eve of
India's independence, and said, "I am not prepared to execute an Instrument of Accession. The
Nizam did not sign the Instrument of Accession. Qasim Razvi President of Ittehad al Muslimean
with great political influence, also opposed accession to India. Even on the eve of India's
independence, on 14 August, 1947, the Nizam made a similar statement "when the British go from
India, I shall be a independent sovereign".
On the British policy of abandoning the Nizam and leaving him in the lurch, Sir Arthur
Lothian, the British Resident, commenting on Nizam's help in cash and kind to the British in various
field on several occasions, later remarked rightly in his book that: "No person of British origin who
(52 )
The Roual Palaces of the Nizamns
knows the facts can read the dignified and roval statement (of the Nizam) without a feeling of shame
at our tacit
abandonment of Hyderabad to pressure of every sort from India".
Breach of Treaties and Promises By the Britisl1
The British were guilty of breaches of promises made to the Nizam in their treaties of 1798.
1800. 1852, 1902 and 1936. Further they exploited Nizam on several occasions. Acontemporary
author has rightly remarked:
The Nizam- British alliance was for name's sake only. The British
Government had done something for British India, but for the House of Asaf Jah and the people of
Hyderabad, in return they did nothing. On the other hand, they benefited themselves throughout the
alliance, and in return, they betrayed the Nizam and took away, rightly or wrongly. the most fertile
parts of Hyderabad".
Hyderabad did not Acceede to India
Since the Nizam did not sign the Instrument of Accession on 27th July 1947, the government
of India hoped that a Stand Still Agreement would be signed with Nizam before 15 August, 1947
In the meanwhile,the Nizam had consultation with Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sir Walter Monckton
The Governor-General of India, in aspeech tothe Constituent Assembly on 15 August, 1947
stated: "The only State of the first importance that has not yet acceded is the premier Stare.
Hyderabad. Hyderabad occupies a unique position in view of its size, population and resources and
it has its special problems. The Nizam, while he does not propose to accede to the dominion e
Pakistan, has not upto the present felt able to accede to the Dominion of India. His Exalted Highne
has, however, assured me of his wish to CO-operate in three essential subjects of external affai!s.
defense and communications with that Dominion whose territories surround his State, with assent
of the
Government, negotiations
will be continued with Nizam andIam hopeful of reaching a
solution satisfactory to all."As such in persuance of this policy, letters and telegrams were exchange
between the Nizam and the Governor General. After the independence, political pressures were
mounting on the Nizam for a settlement. The Nizam in a letter to the Governor-General, dated |8
September, 1947 offered to enter into atreaty with India, and highlighted the important features with
regard to the defence, external affairs, and communications. The letter was accompanied by the Draft
Heads of Agreement, prepared in consultation with Sir Walter Monckton.
Two important features in external affairs, were: " Status of Hyderabad to be Sovereign
independent State associated with the Dominion of India" and Hyderabad to be free to make Treaty
or other arrangements with H.M.G., in U.K."
(53 )
M. A. NAYEEM
The Stand Still Agreement
"involving full and
for accession,
insisted
The Government of India, after the independence,
communications, but offering
and
affairs,
absence of the.
overt control of the three subjects of defense, foreign
was that in the
Ccontention
wante!
Hyderabad autonomy in other matters." The Nizam's
Majesty'. Thus he
'His
of
title
to acquire the
association, except
British, he is supreme and was contemplating
of
form
any
and offered
the three subjects,
pOSItions
to
regard
with
equals,
between
treaty
on their respective
adamant
were
of India
slowly
and the Government
may drift Hyderabad
accession. Both, the Nizam
it
that
realised
This situation India
devised in the form
could not be reached.
was
settlement
arrangement
and
circumstances, an alternative
delegations to
Under the
separatism.
sent several
Nizam
towards
The
taken.
were under
Agreement' and negotiations
of Stand Still
and conditions.
Delhi tO negotiate terms
place
Adiviser to the Nizam, his
Constitutional
resignation on 28 August, as
Sultan Ahmec On
After Monckton's
taken over by Sir
was
Agreement'
1947
negotiations on the 'Heads of
official
the end of October.
the
at
until
unofficially,
advice,
Nizam's request Monckton continued to give
ci 24
Monckton was rejected by India
by
prepared
England. The agreement
October 947,
when he returned to
Hyderabad. In a lette, dated l15
over
control
full
September, as it did not give India
Governor-General. As there vere
to the
'Draft Stand Still Agreement'
revised
a
sent
30
Nizam,
the
the Governor General ur
to
delivered
not
were
counter-proposals, this letter and the draft
the
submitted
30 October, it was
dated
Nizam
the
of
letter
October, when along with another
(Minister of Police and Information). ngle
Jung
Nawaz
Moin
:
of
composed
Negotiating Committee
Agriculture), and Abdul Rahim (Miniscar of
and
Supplies
Civil
Food,
of
Vekatram Reddy (Minister
Local Government and Industries).
Sir Walter Monckton, and compelled with
and
Mountbatten
Lord
of
advice
repeated
On the
circumstances, the Nizam agreed to enter into treaty
political
changed
the
by
alternative,
no other
negotiations the Nizam agreed to sign
with Dominion of India. The draft treaty was recasted and after
year. It was signed by the
a Stand Still Agreement with the Dominion of lndia for a period of one
Nizam and Lord Mountbatten, Governor General of India on 29th November, 1947. The Nizam, in his
letter dated 29 November, 1947 to the Governor General, wrote : "By executing this Stand Stl
Agreement Iam inno way permanently prejudicing mny rights as an independent sovereign, but lam
of course conscious that I am in some important respects suspending the exercise of certain of those
rights during the currency of the Agreement."
(54 )
In
confirmation of
Thc Roual Palaccs of the
Nizams
the terms of the Stand Still
Agreement, the Nizam and the Governor
General of India appended their
signatures on 29th November, 1947. The Nizam first
signed it.
accompanied by adetailed letter and the Governor General
later on, with a reply to the Nizan
claritying certain matters. After signing the
agreement, on 30 November l947, the Nizan through a
farman appealed tothe people to maintain
peace .Soon aGovernment of India's Agent
-General was
appointment at Hyderabad.
Independent Hyderabad ("Azad Hyderabad")
When India attended independence,
the Nizam chose independence.
Several factors
contributed to his critical and highly decisive decision. These
factors may be enumerated as
follows : Hyderabad State covered an area of more
than 82,00 square miles, and was larger than
the United Kingdom; Nizam's subjects
numbered 17,000,00, more the population of Canada.
Australia, or any other British Dominion outside the Indian
sub-continent; Hyderabad had his own
Governnment, its own currency, railways, airways, posts, telephones and
telegraphic systems: etc
it was a country in itself and was
systematically orgainsed as a country. Another factor was, "the
over-riding consideration that weighed with Nizam was his desire to maintain
Hyderabad's tradition
of unity and friendship between all classes of the
population - a unity that the Nizam felt would
be imperilled if he were to align himself with either of the Dominions which
partition of British
India on a communal basis had created."
The history of Hyderabad-India relations after the signing of the Stand Still Agreement s
nothing but a story of allegations and counter-allegations of breaches of the Agreement, of subversive
or unbecoming propaganda, of raids into one another's territory, of a loan of 20 crores to Pakistan
by Hyderabad, of currency ordinance by Hyderabad, and India's economic blockacde of Hyderabad.
India's demand for the disbanment of Razakars (volunteers). As the State Army was not sufficient to
meet the defence requirements of the State fully, the Razakars were oganized under the leadership
of Qasim Razvi. These unpleasant proceedings with exchange of letters were interrupted occasionaly
by flashy speeches.
After Lord Mountbatten left India on 2|" June 1948 without solving the Hyderabad problem,.
the relations with India gradually deteriorated and worsened when the negotiations for permanent
arrangements of the relations through a friendly agreement failed.
(55 )
M. A. NAYEEM
Hyderabad State througlh the Seven Nizamns (1720 - 1948)
Khandesh,
Berar
Aurangbad
Bidar
Hyderabad
Bl)apur
Nizam ul Mulk Asaf Jah - 1 (1720-48)
Aurangabad
Aurangabad
Sholopur
Hyderabad
Ralchur
Ralcbur
Ballary
Cuddapah
Nizam Ai Khan Asaf Jah - II (1762- 1803)
Sikander Jah Asaf Jah-lll (1803-29)
(56 )
The Royal Palaces of the Nizams
Hyderabad State through the seven Nizams (1720
- 1948)
Berat
Aurahgabgd
Aurangabad
Hyderabad
Hyderabad
Rachur
Rachur
Nasiruddaula Asaf Jah - IV
Afzaluddaula Asaf Jah - V
(1829 - 57)
(1857-69)
Aurangabad
Hyderabad
Ralchur
tyoerabad
Ralghuc
Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah-VI
Mir Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah - VIl
(1911 - 48)
(1869-1911)
(57 )
M. A. NAYEEM
The case of Hyderabad at Security Council
t
The case of Hyderabad before the Security Council was submitted through a cablegram
August, l940
Zahir Ahmed, secretary general of Hyderabad Government External Affairs, dated 2I
and addressed to the President, which, reads as follows:
Charter of tha
"The Government of Hyderabad, in reliance on Article 35, paragraph 2, of the
dispute which
United Nations, request you to bring to the attention of the Security Council the grave
with international
has arisen between Hyderabad and India, and which unless settled in accordance
seCurity. Hyderabad
law and justice, is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and
and tO crippling
has been exposed in recent months to violent intimidation, to threats of invasion,
which is
economic blockade which has inflicted cruel hardship upon the people of Hyderabad
forcibly violated
intended to coerce into a renunciation of its independence. The frontiers have been
threatens the
and Hyderabad villages have been occupied by Indian troops. The action of India
principles
existence of Hyderabad, the peace of the Indian and entire Asiatic Continent, and the
a
abundarnt documentary evidence substantiating the present complaint. Hyderabad, a State not
of nacific
Member of the United Nations, accepts for the purposes of the dispute the obligations
settlement provided in the Charter of the United Nations."
prejudire the
"It is understood that the submission of the present complaint does not
submission of the dispute to the General Assembly."
12 1948,
Eagelton further writes that: "This was followed by a cablegram dated September
proclaimed intention of l: dia as
in which the Government of Hyderabad, in view of the "Officially
put upon the
announced by its Prime Minister to invade Hyderabad", asked that the complaint be
following day
agenda at "the earliest possible date such as Wednesday, fifteenth September. On the
had been invaded."
(September 13) a cablegram informed the Secretary General that "Hyderabad
aquick
Moin Nawaz Jung presented the case in detail to the Security Council and urged for
immediate action
action to safeguard peace and integrity of Hyderabad. Due to certain technicalities,
After the 'Police Action' the
was not taken by the Security Council and it was filled on the Agenda,
case became an obsolete issue.
The End of Hyderabad State (1948)
The period of independent Hyderabad was a period of great turmoil and crises, as could be
1948. relations
expected under uncertain political conditions and times, By the end of August
between India and Hyderabad deteriorated and became critical. The Indian army had surrounded the
(58 )
The Royal Palaces of the Nizams
State on all its borders and were ready for orders to move into Hyderabad territory. On l3
September
1948, "the Indian army, moving on five fronts, invaded Hyderabad; and in less than a week the
conquest was complete",
The operation was given the name of 'Operation Polo' by the Indian Army headquarters. The
small arrmy of Hyderabad and the Razakars could only resist for five days. At 5 pm., on 17 September
1948, Hyderabad forces surrendered and the Nizam ordered "cease fire" with immediate effect. This
followeda broadcast by Mir Laig Ali, the Prime Minister of Hyderabad, earlier in the day announcing
the resignation of himself and his ministery. Indian military rule was imposed in Hyderabad.
Thus ended the Mughal- Asaf Jahi rule of the Nizams on 19 September, 1948, the last of the
oriental culture- finis.
During the period from 15 August 1947 to September 1948, the Nizam's government printed
postal stamps bearing "Azad Hyderabad" (Independent Hyderabad).
The history after the fall of Hyderabad falls out of the perview of our period. However, the role
of the Nizam VIl as Rajpramukhi, which he accepted in the better interest of Hyderabad and its
people is mentioned below.
The Nizam VIl as Rajpramukh of Hyderabad State (1950-56)
An agreement was signed on January 25, 1950, between the Nizam and the Governor General
of India, representing the Indian Government , which outlines the settlement reached and provides
the basis of the new status of the Nizam and his relationship with India, it reflects the great
generosity of the Nizam and the great heart he possessed to adapt swiftly to the new order entirely
different from the previous one.
On January 25 1950, the Nizam absolved himself of the kingship and the Asaf Jahi throne, and
Hyderabad was completely taken over by the Indian Government. The latter agreed to "guarantee the
rights, privileges and dignities, including the dynastic succession and the privy purse of His Exalted
Highness the Nizam of Hyderabad".
In order to make a smooth change-over form Asaf Jahi rule to Indian rule and to exploit the
Nizam's reputation and wealth, the Government of India made the Nizam VIl Rajpramukh of
Hyderabad State from January 26, 1950. Thus, the Government of India thought it prucdent and more
politic to gOvern the erstwhile Hyderabad State through its former ruler, the Nizam, whom the
people knew and trusted, rather than attempt to administer it through new administrators whom the
people were likely to resent. Anew relationship was established. Anew popular Ministry of the State
(59 )
M. A. NAYEEM
his full cooperation witn magiiicent
Tunctioned under the Nizam. As Raipramukh he extended
Kajpramukh
this new state of affairs. He remained as
to
adiust
and
adapt
to
tlexibility
and
Capacity
regions. Thus,
re-organised and divided it into three
was
State
the
when
ti CtOber 31, 1956
flourishing.
totally But Hvderabad city is still
abolished
was
identity
State's
hyderabad
The Nizam's Benevolence
economic plane.
gone, the Nizam ,on the
had
authority
power,
Wnen every thing, State,
take-over by India. He was
development of Hyderabad after its
Contributed tremendously to the
opportunities to find
ample
had
Nizam
the
profit,
thought of his own
highly benevolent. If he had
the people of
he did everything possible for
But,
elsewhere.
investment
highly productive fields for
his erstwhile State.
that they
from his own private funds shows
1948,
after
investments
his
A glance at the list of
prcviding
form of interest-free deposits,
the
taken
have
or
securities,
were mostly in Government
balances in the State treasury, asum
of the revenue
substantial relief to Government finance. Out
State
of interest, with the Hyderabac
free
deposit,
a
as
placed
been
has
of rupees 3.50 crores
and
of an amount of rupees 1.50 crores due
Government since 1949. The non-collection by him
um of
lands ) income prior to merger. Another
payable to him on account of Sarf-i-Khas (crown
trusts. The Nizam purchased Governr ent of
rupees 4.50 per cent interest on account of several
interest. Since this ¿nount
Hyderabad securities on the face value of rupees 8 crores at 2.75 per cent
realised, at market value c silver
was paid for in old silver rupees at face value, the State Government
cOuntr, in the
rupees, 11 to 12 crores. The Nizam's investment in nation-building activities in the
shape of preference shares or debentures of joint Companies total Over rupees 3 crores.
In sofar as the Goverment of India was concerned, the Nizam bought Government of Indias
securities of over rupees 10 crores, on account of various trusts and as his own personal account.
He had deposited on account of other trusts rupees 686 lakhs at one per cent, which yielded him
an income of about rupees seven lahks, but saves twice and now four to ten times that amount to
the Indian Government.In addition, huge investments made by the Nizam in projects of local
development, like the Tungabhadra irrigation and river training schemes, are examples of direct ald
afforded by him to long-terrm economic development.
In all, over rupees forty crores has been
invested from the private resources of the Niza
either as interest-tree deposits or at very low rate. In
making these investments and affording suC
Substantial aid to the State and Indian Governments, the Nizam has
shown his great benevolenco
60 )
The Roual Palaces of the Nizams
after being overthrownand deprived of all resources. He did all this just for the sake of the country
and welfare of his people.
In returm for all these benevolent acts, the Government, having taken over all his assets and
properties, did not take over the obligations that charged upon these assets and properties of Sarf
i-Khas. Even though the Nizam had hitherto been had felt the loss of a crore of rupees annually from
the Sarf-i-Khas, he has not relinquished his guardianship of these dependents. "They are human
beings whom he cannot write off, the Nizam's financial adviser said. He then stated that the
promised annual payment of princes and princesses have not been paid by the Government.
Thus, in view of the uncertainty which faced his family, his heir and dependents and such
charitable causes as he wished to safeguard during and after his lifetime, the Nizam decided to
liquidate part of his wealth and transform it into a series of trusts which would achieve his objects.
Nearly one hundred trusts he created for numerous purposes totaling several crores of rupees. For
generations they will benefit by the income from the trusts. He was a fabulous Mughal.
The Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan died on 24h February, 1967 at Nazri Bagh.
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