Chapter 9 Asepsis and Infection Control Lecture Notes Asepsis Microorganisms Infection control and prevention Asepsis ______________________________ ______________________________ Infection Chain of infection Infectious agent – ____________________________ Reservoir – _________________________________________________ Portal of exit – ________________________________________ Mode of transportation – ________________________________________ Portal of entry – ___________________________________________________ Host – ________________________________________________________ Infectious Agents Bacteria _____________________ ____________________ Spores Viruses Smallest known agents _____________________________________ Exceptions – rabies and HIV Fungi Belong to _____________________________________________ Invade _________________________________ of the body Responsible for coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) and histoplasmosis (systemic fungal respiratory disease) Protozoa _________________________________________ Responsible for malaria, amebic dysentery, African sleeping sickness Reservoir Supports ______________________________________________________________ Need ____________________and proper atmosphere to __________________________ Examples: soiled dressings, medical equipment Portal of Exit ______________________ from the reservoir Prevent spread of ________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Covering nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing Mode of Transmission _________________________________ - method by which microorganism carried and transported to next host ______________________________ _______________________________ Living carrier _____________________________ Inanimate (nonliving ) object Portal of Entry The microorganism _____________________________________________________________ When _______________________________________ are reduced – enter host and produce infection Examples: skin punctured with contaminated needle, Foley catheter, IV site Host An organism in which another organism is ____________________________________________. Infection will not develop unless host is _____________________ to the microorganism’s strength and numbers ________________________________have proven effective in reducing susceptibility to some types of infectious diseases Inflammatory Response Inflammation Signs of inflammation Signs of ____________________________inflammation ______________________ of inflammatory response Health Care–Associated Infections ______________________________ Exogenous Endogenous Occupational Health Service Important in _______________________________________________________ in health care by taking measures to protect health care workers and patients from certain infections Federal law requires making available __________________________ and vaccination series to all employees Standard Precautions Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides guidelines to ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________and other potentially infectious materials Isolation Technique First tier: ___________________________________________ Environmental barriers Private or ________________________________ Closing the patient’s ______________________ Wearing ______________________________________ • Gown • Mask • Goggles • Gloves Hand Hygiene __________________________________________ and basic preventive technique Learn how to wash hands properly Don’t wear ___________________________________ Each patient has own set of ______________________________________________ Be careful with ______________________________equipment Gloving Wear only______________ If contaminated during care – ________________________________________________________________________ If __________________________during use – remove gloves, wash hands, and apply a new pair Demonstrate donning and removing gloves Gowning Don to _____________________________________ from being soiled and protect against unknown __________________________________________ Aids ________________________________________________________________ Visitors need to follow procedure Mask and Protective Eyewear Protect from inhaling ______________________________________ Prevent ______________________________________________ if resistance is reduced ________________________________________ – protect membranes and conjunctiva of eye Disposing of Contaminated Equipment Some equipment is disposable, some is reusable Handling linen Place soiled linen in a _________________________ in the patient’s room Treat all linen as though it is ____________________________ Pulmonary Tuberculosis Precautions Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) ____________________________________________ __________________ respirator mask (N-95 mask) or PAPR mask Surgical Asepsis Complete removal of ________________________________ including spores Technique and use Teaching patients Principles of Sterile Technique Follow principles of sterile technique Assemble all the _________________________ necessary for a sterile procedure _________________________________________ Using Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Acceptable means of _________________________________________ Fingernails should be _____________________________________________________________ Do not wear artificial nails Managing Sterile Packages Paper or plastic containers Impervious to ________________________________ ________________________________ items such as • Syringes • Gauze dressings • Catheters Before opening _________________________________ Preparing a Sterile Field Sterile field Prepare using ______________________________ of a sterile wrapper or a sterile drape Opening and Pouring Sterile Solutions Bottle that contains a sterile solution is ______________________________________________________________________________ Bottle’s neck is also contaminated, but the inside of the bottle cap is _____________________ Donning Sterile Gloves Two methods Open gloving Closed gloving Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization: Cleaning Cleaning Disposable objects are __________________________ Reusable objects are _______________________ Cleaning equipment that is soiled by organic material • Patient care technician should put on __________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Disinfection __________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Sterilization _____________________________________________________ Two types • ___________________ • _____________________
