1 3E A D E R S H I P
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3
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CONCEPTOF LEADERSHIP
process of
influencing people that they
ershipnt of organisation
strive
goals.
trive willingly
willingly towards
towards
hievenfidence
confidence and zeal among Leadership indicates the ability of
individual
people
Leadership i s thhe
so
heachievement o f
and
an
and to create an
0 ould have good
interpersonal relations with urge in them to be led.
followers and motivate them
achieve organisational objectives.
vidual who possesses the attributes of
An
is
build
up
0 bur
ader s h o u l d
An individual
p l a y sa n
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
important
o
n
role in the success of an
leadership
organisation.
known
as
leader. A
A leader
leader
s
definitions of leadership:are given as follows:
adership is the aability of a manager to induce
Leadership
Some
confidence and zeal.
subordinates
to work with
with
-Koontz and 0'Donnell
Leseadership is the exercise of authority and making of decisions."-Dubin, R.
s eadership
is the
ability
to secure desirable
voluntarily, without the use of coercion."
Leadership
is the
activity
of
actions from
influencing people
a
group of followers
Alford and Beaty|
to
strive
willingly
for group
-George R. Terry
objectives."
In various definitions of leadership the emphasis is on the capacity of an individual to
infucnce and direct group ettort towards the achievement of organisational goals. Thus,
we can say that leadership is the process of inffuencing people to do their best towards the
achievement of desired goals.
Features of Leadership
1. Leadership indicates an ability of an individual to influence others.
2. Leadership tries to bring change in the behaviour of others.
3. Leadership indicates inter-personal relations between leader and followers.
4. Leadership is exercised to achieve common goals of organisation.
5. Leadership is a continuous process.
LEADERSHIP STYLES
Ihe term 'leadership style' refers to the constituent behaviour pattern of a leader as
in the way he handles
a
Percenved by people around him. Every leader develops pattern
The leadership style is the result of
Subordinates or followers in various situations.
of
the
philosophy, personality and experience of the leader.
It also
depends upon
type
OWers and the conditions prevailing in an organisation.
leaders may be classified as under:
cording to their attitude and behaviour patterns
siness Studien
1. Autocratic or Authoritative Style of Leadership
An authoritarian style of leadership implies wielding absolute
enricipdinatcsorced
the leader expects complete obedience from his subordinates and allUnder
centralised in the leader. There is
no
nd all decision-mak
participation by subordinatesision
process. No suggestions or initiative from subordinates is enterta: in decisiom-Tar
ertainobeyed. AI de
major or simall, are taken by the leader and subordinates are forced t
forced toto obey
questioning.
The leader gives reward and
puts penalty
to direct the
subordinatesS.
Advantages
thhemem vwiwintth
Leader
() The decision making is quick.
(i) Provides motivation and inspiration to the
leader since he dictates terms.
(ii) Less competent subordinates are needed at
lower levels.
Only one wa
Commurnication
(iv) Provides positive results when things need to
be done with
Subordinates
speed.
nates
Autocratic StyleSubordi
of
Disadvantages
()
(i)
(ii)
(v)
Leads
to
low morale and frustration among
Leadershin
employees.
Subordinates avoid initiative.
Creativity and potential of subordinates is not utilised.
Subordinates not developed for higher responsibilities.
Suitability: Autocratic style of leadership is suitable in the
following situations
(i) When fear and punishment policy is followed.
(ii) When subordinates are not well qualified and are
inexperienced.
(ii) Leader wants to dominate decision making.
Autocratic style of leadership is less desirable in the
present context
more
2.
educated and well
organised.
as
emplovees ar
Democratic Style of Leadership
Under this
style leader
acts
according to the mutual consent. The subordinates are
make
encouraged
suggestions and participate in decision making. The leader
and decentralises
delegates
authority. He follows the opinion of the majority. The subordinates
are
given the freedom of thinking and expression.
to
Advantages
(i) Level of motivation of employees is
high.
(i) Implementation of decisions is
quick.
(ii) Employees become loyal to the
organisation.
(iv) Complaints, grievances and industrial
unrest are contained.
p i r e u t n
Disadvantages
Delay in decicision making.
pelay ay
abdicate
1 cader may
abdicate
delegatng work.
)
(
May not
i
)
responsibility
provide good results when
147
by
M a y
n o t p t o e
ure not responsive.
tability: This
style
subordinates
-Leader-
of
leadership is suitable
D
When
Democratic
participation
of
Style of
n the company wants to
Leadership
subordinates
in
increase job
decision making.
satisfaction of
(ii) nSbordinates accept goal of e organisation.
the
Example: Narayan Murthy
rthy who has takenorganisation. employees.
encourages communicatio
the
ler tollowing situations:
leader wants
When
munication freely with each other command of
or
Laissez-fan
Free-rein Style
and
of
give
Infosys for the second
suggestions.
Leadership
Ugdehand leadership,theirmaximum
freedom is allowed
own
to
e
Under
this type
given free
of
in deciding
time
nrovides help only when policies and methods and subordinates. They are
take their
their work,.
required by his
subordinates otherwiseownhedecisions.
does
The leader provides
intertèere in
not
Advantages
Itcreates self onfidence in subordinates.
i) Provides opportunit to subordinates
to develop
their talent.
(
Positive effect on morale and job
subordinates.
A)
(
satisfaction of
Disadvantages
( This style
Situations
of leadership
may not work under all
(i) Applicable only when subordinates are
D
competent.
(ii) Leader does not provide
guidance and support.
(iv) Subordinates may work in different
directions.
Free-rein style
of Leadership
Suitability: This style of leadership is suitable:
) When
7)
4u7)
subordinates are properly trained and are
knowledgeable.
When subordinates take initiative and
assume
When leader has confidence in the
responsibility
ability of subordinates.
Comparison beween u))
Autocratic Style
Lais
Lais ez Fire S
Point of
No.
Difference
1.
Democratic Style
Only leader takes
Decision
Decisions taken
in consultation of
Subortdke decisios
dinates
decisions
subordinates
making
themselves.
Reward and
Self motivaion
Fear and punishment
2
Motivation
(negative motivation)
Leader centric
3.
Focus
4.
Initiative
involvement
(positive motivation)
technique
Directs all activities,
Group centered
Present
S
direction.
IFullyndividpresent
ual ctantteeredn
expects complete
compliance
5.
Centralised
Delegation of
no delegation
authority
6.
authority,
Communication
One way
communication,
Delegation of
authority as per
Complete ddegatin
of authority
needs
Two way
communication
downward only
Free flow of
Communication.
Managership and Leadership
activities. A leader
who performs managerial
a person
is
Amanager
his followers.
and aspirations
who fulfils the expectations
on
tho
of
erson
and Leader
Difference Between Manager
1. Basis
Leader
Manager
Basis
A manager is
always
he has to influence
leader because A leader may not be a manager. leadt
the behaviour of may lead informal groups also
a
subordinates.
2. Authority
to Leaders have informal authority, it is
A manager has formal authority
the authority of trust and faith shown
influence the behaviour of others.
by followers.
3. Objective
Objective
3.
Managers aim to achieve the goals of A leader aims to achieve group goals
the
members.
the
organisation by influencing the and satisfy group
behaviour of subordinates.
*runction
the
A manager performs various functions A leader performs
Such as planning, organising, staffing, directing only.
directing, co-ordinating.
funcaons
o