SEPARATION OF MIXTURES AND
SOLUITONS
WHAT IS A MIXTURE ?
A mixture is two or more substances
that are mixed together but not
chemically combined. The
substances in a mixture each keep
their own properties, and they can
be separated into their original
form. A bag of snack mix can be
separated into raisins, walnuts,
peanuts, Fruit salad , Mixture of
sand, water, and marbles ,Mixture
of sand and iron filings
WHAT IS A SOLUTION?
Solutions are composed of substances that
mix so completely that they cannot be
distinguished as separate substances. They
can, however, be easily separated back
into the separate substances. A solution is
usually a mixture of a solid that dissolves
completely in a liquid.
Ex. Sugar in water, Carbon dioxide bubbles
in a soda.
SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM LIQUIDS
When you add a solid it can either dissolve, float, sink or even
make the water fizz.
 If the solid dissolves, we can’t see it anymore. It is soluble.
 If the solid doesn’t dissolve, it is insoluble. This means that
we can get it back out of the water.
 If the solid sinks , you can pour the water off the top. This is
called decanting.
 If the solid floats , you can generally skim it off with a
spoon with holes in it.
 If the solid is suspended in the water , you can sieve or
filter it.
SIFTING
One way to separate the larger materials
from the smaller ones is by sifting. Sifting allows
smaller materials to pass through holes leaving
the larger materials behind. Sifting involves
using a sieve or a sifter as a way to separate
solids of varying sizes.
Example: rocks, gravel and sand.
MAGNETIC ATTRACTION
After you have separated the sand and salt from
the bigger materials using sifting, magnets can
be used to separate materials such as iron, steel,
nickel or cobalt from non-magnetic materials in a
mixture.
Example: Magnets can be used to separate iron
fillings from sand.
FLOATATION
Floatation is using a liquid to separate materials
of different densities. A material that is less dense
will float on a material that is more dense. Plastic
beads are less dense than marbles. Floatation is
when an undissolved substance floats on top of
another.
Example: Oil floats on top of water and can be
separated using a separating funnel.
FILTRATION
You can also separate solutions by filtering
them. Filtration is separating solids from
liquids by passing a mixture through a filter.
Salt dissolves in water while sand does not.
Filtration is commonly the mechanical or
physical operation which used for the
separation of solids from liquids.
Example: Using a coffee filter to separate the
coffee flavor from the coffee beans.
EVAPORATION
After you have filtered out the sand from
the solution of salt water, you can use
evaporation to separate the salt from the
water. When water evaporates from the
mixture, solid salt particles will be left
behind. Evaporation involves heating a
solution until liquids turn to gases and leave
the solids behind.
Example: Boiling a solution of water and salt
until all that is left are the salt crystals.
DECANTING
Decanting means you are pouring off a
liquid without disturbing the sediment or
other liquid layers. You usually use it to
separate solids from liquids, but it can be
used to separate two liquids.
Example: Separating sand from water.
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