Camera
Say cheeseeeee
Know your camera
1
2
3
ISO
Aperture
Opening in a lens
which light passes to
enter the camera
Shutter speed
International
Organization for
Standardization
The length of
time the camera
shutter is open
Shutter speed = valve on the faucet
If you use a shutter speed that is too long, too
much light > picture too bright
Shutter speed that’s too short, not enough light >
picture will be too dark.
Aperture = the size of the hose
If you double the size of the aperture, twice as
much light will get through to the sensor in the
same amount of time
ISO = the size of the bucket.
If you lower your ISO from 200 to 100, it takes
twice as much light to expose the photo, so you
need to double the duration of the shutter speed
or double the size of the aperture.
There are lots of different ways to correctly expose a
photograph, and since each way will also affect how the
photo looks, choosing one way over another is part of
the creative process.
1. ISO
A camera setting
To brighten or darken a photo
How sensitive your digital sensor is to light
Increase your ISO number
Your photos will grow
progressively brighter
Too high ISO
ISO will show a lot of grain,
also known as noise, and
might not be usable
A common set for ISO
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ISO 100 (low ISO)
ISO 200
ISO 400
ISO 800
ISO 1600
ISO 3200
ISO 6400 (high ISO)
2. Aperture
Definition
Concept
Iris
The opening in a
lens through which
light passes to enter
the camera
Easy concept to
understand if you
just think about how
your eyes work
As you move
between bright and
dark environments,
the iris in your eyes
either expands or
shrinks, controlling
the size of your pupil
● In photography, the “pupil” of your lens is called aperture
● You can shrink or enlarge the size of the aperture to allow more or less light
to reach your camera sensor
● Aperture can add dimension to your photos by controlling depth of field.
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At one extreme, aperture gives you a blurred background with a beautiful shallow focus effect.
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At the other, it will give you sharp photos from the nearby foreground to the distant horizon
Aperture Size
Exposure
Depth of Field
f/1.4
Very large
Lets in a lot of light
Very thin
f/2.0
Large
Half as much light as f/1.4
Thin
f/2.8
Large
Half as much light as f/2
Thin
f/4.0
Moderate
Half as much light as f/2.8
Moderately thin
f/5.6
Moderate
Half as much light as f/4
Moderate
f/8.0
Moderate
Half as much light as f/5.6
Moderately large
f/11.0
Small
Half as much light as f/8
Large
f/16.0
Small
Half as much light as f/11
Large
f/22.0
Very small
Half as much light as f/16
Very large
3. Shutter Speed
Definition
The length of time the
camera shutter is open,
exposing light onto the
camera sensor
Camera shutter
Curtain in front of
the camera sensor
that stays closed
until the camera
fires
Changing the
brightness of
your photo
Shutter button
Dramatic effects
Triggers the
shutter to
open and
close
Either freezing
action or
blurring motion
● If your shutter speed is long, moving subjects in your photo will appear
blurred along the direction of motion.
● This effect is used quite often in advertisements of cars and motorbikes,
where a sense of speed and motion is communicated to the viewer by
intentionally blurring the moving wheels.