Interface management issues in large and complex municipal infrastructure projects Introduction The intricate web of large and complex municipal infrastructure construction interfaces, reminiscent of their IT industry counterparts, has emerged as a pivotal concern in recent years. These interfaces, often overlooked in the realm of architectural and construction projects, serve as the juncture where diverse elements converge, spanning multiple professional domains, intricate systems, and multifaceted cross-operations. This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration into the intricate realm of interface management within the municipal transportation infrastructure project of Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base, referred to as "Shen Chao Zong" henceforth. The focal point of this research encompasses four critical dimensions: time, space, project category, and the intricate network of stakeholders. The overarching objective is to pinpoint key challenges, tailor effective solutions, and forge a comprehensive analytical framework for managing interfaces within large-scale municipal infrastructure projects. These endeavors are geared towards ensuring the achievement of high-quality project outcomes while upholding rigorous standards in terms of quality, progress, safety, investment control, risk management, and digitization. However, the complexities enshrouding interface management in the Shen Chao Zong project have given rise to distinctive challenges. These challenges are underscored by the uneven progression of development, the intricate nature of three-dimensional composite construction, and the intricate web of interface handovers. This research, through the lens of a comprehensive four-dimensional framework encompassing time, space, project categories, and the stakeholders involved, embarks on an analytical voyage. We endeavor to unravel the interplay of construction interfaces, the incongruence in construction sequences, and the ramifications of the interface between the central green axis and municipal infrastructure on the implementation of the project. Through this investigative journey, we aspire to unearth the complexities associated with interfaces and the attendant risks, ultimately furnishing practical recommendations and optimization strategies. In this study, we underpins the practical application of our research. We provide a detailed account of the research procedures undertaken to fulfill our research objectives. This included a comprehensive review of pertinent data related to municipal infrastructure projects within the specified area. The review encompassed feasibility study reports, engineering design plans, and the organizational structure of the project management team. Subsequently, we meticulously designed a research questionnaire to delve into the intricate fabric of interface relationships and their impact on project implementation. The results of this research were meticulously analyzed to assess the relative importance of diverse interface issues, culminating in the formulation of optimization recommendations tailored for the project management team. These recommendations are designed to offer practical and viable solutions. Method This research delves into the intricate realm of interface management within the municipal transportation infrastructure project of Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base, known as "Shen Chao Zong." The primary focus of this study encompasses the dimensions of time, space, project category, and the array of stakeholders involved.】 The sample population for this research is drawn from a diverse range of stakeholders representing various entities intricately associated with the Shen Chao Zong project. These entities include Shenzhen Bay Development, Construction Engineering Major, Qianhai Investment Group, Infrastructure Project Construction, and Shenzhen Bay Area Urban Construction Development Limited Company. A total of 30 survey questionnaires were meticulously collected from this multifaceted pool of stakeholders.】 The research methodology employed in this study hinged on the distribution of online surveys. These surveys were circulated to solicit responses from all stakeholders intricately engaged in the Shen Chao Zong project. This virtual approach allowed for a comprehensive outreach to stakeholders, ensuring the incorporation of diverse perspectives.】 To uphold the integrity of the data collected, rigorous precautions were exercised throughout the survey process. These measures were adopted to safeguard data validity and reliability and mitigate potential sources of bias.】 In adherence to best practices for survey research, a targeted approach was employed in the selection of respondents. Specifically, technical personnel with in-depth involvement in the Shen Chao Zong project were selected as survey participants. This strategic selection was made to ensure that respondents possessed the requisite professional knowledge to provide accurate and insightful responses.】 The research methodology was underpinned by a comprehensive review of data pertinent to municipal infrastructure projects within the designated area. This entailed a detailed examination of feasibility study reports, engineering design plans, and organizational structure data pertaining to the project management team. This review served as the foundation for the design and formulation of a comprehensive research questionnaire.】 Materials integral to this research encompassed a spectrum of documents, including feasibility study reports, engineering design plans, and organizational structure data that delineated the composition and functioning of the project management team. These documents were instrumental in shaping the research questionnaire, aligning it with the specific attributes and intricacies of the Shen Chao Zong project.】 The research framework for this study revolved around the extraction and analysis of four key elements: time, space, project category, and the diverse spectrum of stakeholders intricately involved in the project. These elements formed the foundational variables underpinning the research analysis.】 To ensure the integrity and reliability of the research data, a series of meticulously executed steps were taken. These encompassed data preprocessing, cleaning, and filtering to purge any potential inconsistencies. Subsequently, a suite of statistical methods, including the calculation of weighted averages, were applied to the collected research data, fostering in-depth analysis and synthesis of the findings.