ÔN TẬP NGÔN NGỮ HỌC 1
I) Multiple choice
1. Which of the following is not a class-maintaining derivational suffix?
A. -ness
B. -dom
C. -hood
D. -ship
2. _____ cannot be a criterion to classify vowels.
A. Air obstruction
B. Tongue height
C. Lip rounding
D. Length
3. Which of the following is not true about morphemes?
A. An allomorph is any of the different forms of a morpheme.
B. There are two types of allomorphs in English.
C. Allomorphs are in complementary distribution and all have the same meaning,
either lexical or grammatical.
D. An allomorph is a variant of a morpheme which occurs in a certain definable
environment.
4. Choose the word in which you do not pronounce one or more of its written
consonants:
A. Pound
B. Disguise
C. Brilliant
D. Scissors
5. Which of the following is not a three-morpheme word?
A. Entertainment
B. Preference
C. Abnormal
D. Projectionist
6. Fill in the blank with no more than 2 words. Write your answer in CAPITAL LETTERS.
Pay attention to SPELLING.
A(n) _______ is defined as a word that has at least a bound morpheme as an
immediate constituent.
7. Which of the following word lists has the same vowel?
A. Heal, each, peel, key
B. Should, through, rule, route
C. Cook, shoot, boot, soot
D. Aid, fat, act, sad
8. For many voiceless sounds to be pronounced, the glottis is ____.
A. Tightly closed
B. Wide apart
C. Mid-open
D. Narrow
9. Fill in the blank with no more than 2 words. Write your answer in CAPITAL LETTERS.
Pay attention to SPELLING.
The formation of a new word by adding different affixes to an input word or
morpheme is the process called _____.
10. Which of the following is a poly-syllabic but mono-morphemic word?
A. Hippopotamus
B. Greenhouse
C. Goes
D. Interruption
11. How many morphemes are there in the word ‘misunderstandings’?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3
12. Which of the following can be said about roots?
A. A word cannot have more than two roots.
B. Roots are the grammatical morphemes.
C. Roots can be free or bound morphemes.
D. Roots are often stems in a word.
13. How many derivational affixes are there in the word ‘incorruptibilities’?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
14. The most important difference between English consonants and vowels is ____.
A. Manner of articulation
B. Place of articulation
C. Voicing
D. Distribution
15. The voiceless plosives in final position are often _____.
A. Partly voiced
B. Shortened
C. Aspirated
D. Unaspirated
16. Lips can be pressed together, brought into contact with the teeth to produce the lip
shape for ____.
A. Vowels and some consonants
B. Consonants
C. Bilabial plosives
D. Vowels
17. Which of the following cannot be lexical morphemes?
A. Roots
B. Prefixes
C. Derivational suffixes
D. Plural markers
18. Which of the following words does not contain a voiced consonant?
A. Laid
B. Keep
C. Bin
D. Time
19. Which of the following words has a diphthong?
A. Lake
B. Lick
C. Lean
D. Laud
20. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Alveolars are sounds made at the soft area toward the rear of the root of the
mouth.
B. Alveolars are sounds made with the tongue placed against the teeth.
C. Alveolars are sounds made at the teeth ridge.
D. Alveolars are sounds made just behind the alveolar ridge.
21. Which of the following processes best describes the formation of the verb ‘email’?
A. Conversion
B. Clipping
C. Compounding
D. Blending
22. Palatals are sounds made _____.
A. With the upper lip and the lower teeth
B. Just behind the alveolar ridge
C. With the tongue between the teeth
D. With the tongue near the hard palate
23. Which of the underlined parts is definitely an inflectional morpheme?
A. Thrilling
B. Clearer
C. Engaging
D. Banker
24. Which of the following are voiceless sounds?
A. M,n,r,l
B. P,t,k,s,ʒ, j
C. f, θ, ʃ, tʃ, t, k, p
D. All of the above
25. Which of the following factors cannot be used to indicate word stress?
A. Length
B. Pitch
C. Meaning
D. Loudness
26. Both ____ are front vowels
A.
B.
C.
D.
/i:/& u:/
/a:/ & /u:/
/a:/ & /ɜ:/
/i:/ & /e/
27. ______ consonants have the effect of shortening a preceding vowel or diphthong.
A. Dental
B. Nasal
C. Lenis
D. Fortis
28. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Having noise is one of the characteristics of fricatives.
B. Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the air stream.
C. Nasals are not continuants.
D. The fortis fricatives at initial position shorten the vowel following them.
29. Which of the following groups contains a segment that differs in manner of
articulation?
A. T,b,k,g
B. P,b,t,d
C. m, ŋ, n, z
D. f,v,s,z
30. Which of the following are the bases of the word ‘invisibility’?
A. Vis-, visible, invisible
B. Vis-, invis-, invisible
C. Vision, visible, invisible
D. Vis-, visible, visibility
31. Which of the following is not true about the bound morpheme?
A. It may occur only if it combines with another morpheme.
B. It cannot be uttered alone with meaning and always annexed to one or more
morphemes to form a word.
C. It can never occur on its own but can only be joined to other bound morphemes.
D. It is never used alone but must be used with another morpheme.
32. Which of the following cannot be said about a base?
A. It can be either a free or a bound morpheme.
B. It is the basic part of a word.
C. It is a word on its own right once the morphemes have been stripped away.
D. It is the part that has the principal meaning.
33. The sound beginning with a mid-central vowel then gliding towards a high back
vowel is _____.
A. /ai/
B. /au/
C. /ɪə/
D. /əʊ/
34. Which of the following words does not contain a velar sound?
A. Danger
B. Suspect
C. Singer
D. Regain
35. The English _____ end in /ɪ/.
A. Centering diphthongs
B. Tripthongs
C. Weak forms
D. Closing diphthongs
36. Which of the following words contains the root which means killing?
A. Manicure
B. Anniversary
C. Bigamy
D. Insecticide
37. Which of the following words does not have a voiced alveolar nasal?
A. Knight
B. Mint
C. Found
D. Think
38. Which will be the 1st IC cut for the word ‘disadvantageous’?
A. Between ‘dis-‘ and ‘advantage’
B. Between ‘advantage’ and ‘-ous’
C. Between ‘dis-‘ and ‘advantageous’
D. Between ‘disadvantage’ and ‘-ous’
39. Which of the following indicates that inflectional affixes have higher productivity
compared to derivational affixes?
A. Inflectional affixes are not as close to the root as derivational affixes.
B. Inflectional affixes do not change the word-class of the word to which they are
attached.
C. Inflectional affixes can combine with a large number of words of the appropriate
category.
D. Inflectional affixes always come last in a word.
40. Which of the underlined parts is a bound base?
A. Exportation
B. Transferable
C. Corrosive
D. Suicidal
41. Which of the following words does not contain an open vowel?
A. Hard
B. Hat
C. Seen
D. Hot
42. The human vocal tract consists of the following parts:
A. Oral cavity, nasal cavity, laryngeal cavity, and pharynx
B. Oral cavity, nasal cavity, and tongue
C. Oral cavity, lungs, vocal cords, and lips
D. Oral cavity, lungs, vocal cords and tongue
43. Which of the following groups contains a segment that differs in place of
articulation?
A. K, w, ŋ, g
B. P, m, w, b
C. T, d, s, n
D. T, d, z, l
44. Which of the following are not examples of allomorphs?
A. A and an
B. /t/, /d/ and /ɪd/
C. /s/, /z/ and /ɪz/
D. -er and -est
45. Which of the following is not true about IC division of a word?
A. The meaning of the ICs should be related to the meaning of the word.
B. One of the ICs should be a free form, one that can be uttered alone with
meaning.
C. The 1st IC cut has to be between an inflectional suffix and the rest of the word.
D. The 1st IC cut has to be between a derivational prefix and the rest of the word.
46. / i:/ and /u:/ are different in _____.
A. Tongue position
B. Lip shape
C. Length
D. Muscle tension
47. The most important feature of a diphthong is that it ________.
A. Is a combination of more than two vowels
B. Contains a gilde from one vowel quality to another
C. Ends in /ɪ/ and /ʊ/
D. begins with /e/, /a/ or /ə/
II) Provide the term for each of the definitions below and give 2 examples for each
1. Morphemes that follow roots to form a word and may influence the meaning of that
root:______
Example:
2. Word morphemes that sound the same but differ in their meaning or grammatical
function:______
Example:
3. The unit that constituents the core of a word:______
Example:
4. Meaningful, minimal units that constitute a word or part of a word:_______
Example:
5. An allomorph that makes no change to the form of the word:_______
Example:
6. The use of an allomorph whose phonetic properties are similar to the neighboring
sounds:______
Example:
7. Affixes that are added to form a word with a new word class:_______
Example:
8. The minimal, meaningful unit that constitutes words or part of a word:_______
Example:
9. Any of the two meaningful units that form a larger unit:________
Example:
10. The part of the word to which a grammatical morpheme is added:________
Example:
11. The choice of allomorphs when a particular word is present:_________
Example:
12. The part that has the principal meaning in a word: ________
Example:
13. _____ are the minimal meaningful units that constitute words or part of words
Example:
14. An allomorph may be _____, i.e., the use of a particular allomorph may be obligatory
if a certain word is present.
Example:
15. Suppletion is a type of irregularity in which allomorphs of a morpheme show no
_____.
Example:
16. A ____ morpheme is one that cannot be uttered alone with meaning.
Example:
17. _____ are morphemes that occur before or behind a root and modify the meaning of
the root.
Example:
18. Stem is part of a word that is in existence before any _______ have been added.
Example:
19. ______ is the unit that constitutes the core of a word.
Example:
20. A derivational suffix may change ______ and/or _______ of a word.
Example:
21. An inflectional morpheme never appears _______ of a word.
Example:
22. There is/are usually _____ inflectional affix(es) in a word.
Example:
23. An inflectional affix serves the _______ of a word and has _____ lexical meaning of
its own.
Example:
III) Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic
descriptions, then give an English word that contains that sound.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
voiced dental fricative: …………………….
voiceless post-alveolar affricate: …………………….
voiced palatal approximant: …………………….
voiceless labio-dental fricative: …………………….
mid central neutral tense: …………………….
close back rounded tense: …………………….
close front unrounded lax: …………………….
open back rounded lax: …………………….
IV) Pick the sound that is different from the others. Specify the distinctive feature that
differentiates the chosen sound from the rest.
Example: /p/, /b/, /m/, /l/
/l/ alveolar; the rest: bilabial
1. /ə/, /ʌ/, /iː/, /ɜː/ …………………….
2. /uː/, /æ/, /ɒ/, /ɔː/…………………….
3. /g/, /f/, /θ/, /tʃ/…………………….
4. /r/, /j/, /h/, /w/…………………….
5. /p/, /ʃ/, /t/, /k/…………………….
6. /n/, /k/, /ŋ/, /g/…………………….
V) Which one phonetic property (voicing - V, manner of articulation - MOA, or
place of articulation - POA) distinguishes each of the following pairs of consonants?
Write V, POA, or MOA.
1.
/dʒ/ and /ʒ/…………………….
2. /s/ and /z/ …………………….
3. /ŋ/ and /n/ …………………….
4. /d/ and /g/ …………………….
5. /z/ and /d/…………………….
6. /θ/ and /ð/ …………………….
VI) Identify the number of morphemes in the following words.
poison
unbreakable
recurrent
itchiness
discovery
beautifier
diner
censor
constructions
silversmith
empowerment
biographer
localized
childishness
nationalities
painkillers
immortal
transportational
substructure
capitalize
waitress
inflectional
impressive
transmissional
ladder
formally
incorruptibility
introduced
empowerment
chaos
biologists
conclusive
harmony
polygamy
intermarriage
transportations
flirtatious
nationalities
growth
gruesomely
trusteeship
insane
interrupt
VII) For each of the following words, identify the root, inflectional suffixes,
derivational affixes, bases, and stems. Put an (X) in the box if there is none.
Word
Root
Inflectional
Derivational
Stem
supervisory
starry
dirtier
industrializes
unreasonably
encoded
droppings
friendliest
derailed
enclosures
irreplaceable
submissive
strengthens
visually
realization
discoveries
worried
prospective
packages
non-smoking
VIII) Identify the sounds in contrast in the following minimal pairs:
Base
Example: coat - goat
1. hill - heal
2. ban - bang
3. sheer - cheer
4. heart - hurt
5. sink - think
/k/ - /g/
6. bus - buzz
7. jaw - your
8. tear - deer
9. short - short
10. rate - wait
IX) Put these words into the correct columns, based on how ‘ch’ is pronounced in
each word. Write the corresponding number before each word in the column you
choose.
/tʃ/
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
/ʃ/
bunches
echo
character
champagne
mechanic
yacht
machine
technology
moustache
/k/
10. chapter
11. parachute
12. chaos
13. psychology
14. chauffeur
15. ketchup
16. chef
17. Christmas
18. charity
X) Form one new word by adding:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1 derivational affix + 1 inflectional affix to “industry": _________
1 derivational affix + 1 inflectional affix to “solid": _______
2 derivational affixes to “load": _______
2 derivational affixes to “form”: _________
2 derivational affixes + 1 inflectional affix to “fresh": _________
2 derivational affixes + 1 inflectional affix to “-fer": __________
2 derivational affixes to “collect": ________
3 derivational affixé to “-dic-”: _________
3 derivational affixes to “-struct-”: __________
XI) Analyze the structure of the syllables in the following words:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
/streŋθs/ s t r e ŋ θ s strengths
/njuːz/ n j uː z news
/helpt/ h e l p t helped
/ʃelvz/ ʃ e l v z shelves
/dekəreiʃn/ d e k ə r e ɪ ʃ n decoration
/prɒdʌkt/ p r ɒ d ʌ k t product
7. /əksentjueit/ ə k s e n t j u e ɪ t accentuate
8. /baɪɒlədʒɪsts/ b a ɪ ɒ l ə d ʒ ɪ s t s biologists
XII) Write the word after the transcription
1. / ɒ b v i ə s / …………………….
7. / ə r e ɪ n d ʒ m ə n t /
…………………….
2. / ə k e ɪ ʒ n / …………………….
8. / p r ɪ k l ɪ ŋ / …………………….
3. / r e z ɪ d n s / …………………..
9. / a ɪ v r i / ………………………..
4. / p ɜː s n æ l ə t i / …………………….
10. / p r ɪ z n ə / ……………………..
5. / k j uː k ʌ m b ə / …………………….
11. / w ɜː l d z / ……………………..
6. / g ɑː d / …………………….
12. / p r ɪ t e n d / …………………..
XII) Draw the IC Division diagram for the following words, and then state the
morphological rules involved.
1. u n c i v i l i z e d
3. r e m a r r i a g e
2. i n s e n s i t i v i t y
4. b u s i e s t
5. m i s j u d g e m e n t
7. c o u n t e r c l o c k w i s e
6. b e a u t i f i e r
8. u n c e r t a i n t y
9. o b s t r u c t i o n i s t s
11. i n d u s t r i a l i z e d
10. r e a r r a n g e d
12. u n h a p p i n e s s
13. d e c o m p o s i t i o n a l
14. u n h e l p f u l n e s s
18. u n p r e d i c t a b l y
15. i m p u r i t y
19. d e t h r o n e m e n t s
16. d e c o n c e p t u a l i z e d
20. a n t i d i s e s t a b l i s h m e n t
17. p r o s p e c t i v e l y
XIII) All of the following words contain the ‘un-’ part. By considering ‘un-’, put
these words into 3 different groups. Briefly explain why you choose to group the
words in that way.
unfold, unaffected, unfasten, unreadable, uncle, unfit, uninstall, unity
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….………
…………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….……………
……….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………
………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….
XIV) Use morphological rules to explain whether ‘formizalers' ( which is formed
from 5 morphemes -al, -er, form, ize, -s) is a possible word or not.
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….………
…………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….……………
……….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………
………….…………………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………
….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….
XV) List 3 differences between Derivational Affixes and Inflectional Affixes. Give
examples for each difference to clarify your answer.
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….………
…………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….……………
……….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………
………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….
………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……………………
.…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………
…………….
XVI) Explain why the word ‘dropping' is morphologically ambiguous
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….………
…………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….……………
……….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………
………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….
XVII) Which of the following words is/are ambiguous: charms, charming, friendlier,
findings? Briefly explain with reference to morphological theory and terms.
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….………
…………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….……………
……….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………
………….…………………….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….……
……………….…………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………….………….…………………….………
…………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………
….………….………….…………………….…………………….…………………….……………………………………………….