Harvard Referencing
References
What is Referencing?
Referencing is an acknowledgement that you
have used the ideas and written material
belonging to other authors in your own work.
References
Why Referencing?
• Acknowledge the work of other authors that
you are quoting or referring to.
• It is moral and ethical. Nowadays, copying has
become plagiarism and infringement of
copyright, which is a crime.
• Paraphrasing or writing in your own words is
necessary if you are using someone else work
• It is easy to locate further reading
References
Why Referencing?
1.Accurate referencing is a key component of
good academic practice and enhances the
presentation of your work: it shows that your
writing is based on knowledge and informed
by appropriate academic reading.
2.You will ensure that anyone reading your
work can trace the sources you have used in
the development of your work, and give you
credit for your research efforts and quality.
References
References are used to:
• Enable the reader to locate the sources you
have used;
• Help support your arguments and provide
your work with credibility;
• Show the scope and breadth of your research;
• Acknowledge the source of an argument or
idea. Failure to do so could result in a charge
of plagiarism.
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• ……….was being an important effort of the
governments of third world countries (Koste,
2001).
• ……….was being an important effort of the
governments of third world countries (Koste,
2001: 34).
• ……….was being an important effort of the
governments of third world countries (Koste,
2001, p.34).
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• In words of Koste (2001), it happened because
it was being an important effort of the
governments of third world countries.
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• In words of Koste and Kruger (2001), it
happened because it was being an important
effort of the governments of third world
countries.
• It happened because it was being an
important effort of the governments of third
world countries (Koste and Kruger, 2001).
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• In words of Koste, Kruger, David and Dickson
(2001), it happened because it was being an
important effort of the governments of third
world countries. {it is wrong style}
• In words of Koste et al. (2001), it happened
because it was being an important effort of
the governments of third world countries.
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• It happened because it was being an
important effort of the governments of third
world countries (Koste, Kruger, David and
Dickson, 2001). {it is wrong style}
• It happened because it was being an
important effort of the governments of third
world countries (Koste et al., 2001).
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• “Dr. Scharschmidt completed her residency in
2012, joined the Leaders Society in 2013, and
became a new volunteer this year to
encourage other young dermatologists in her
area to join her in leadership giving”
(Dermatology Foundation, 2014).
References
How to use the citation in the text:
• The Dermatology Foundation (2013) stated in
their report that “industry also played an
important role in the success of the highly
rated annual DF Clinical Symposia—Advances
in Dermatology.”
How to write full references?
Book by One Author:
• Jones, T. (1940). My life on the road. New
York: John Wiley Publishers.
• Dahl, R. (2004). Charlie and the chocolate
factory. 6th ed. New York: Knopf.
Book by Two Authors:
• Desikan, S. and Ramesh, G. (2006). Software
testing. Bangalore, India: Dorling Kindersley,
p.156.
How to write full references?
Book by More Authors:
• Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell,
J. and Frydenberg, M. (2014). Discovering
computers. Boston: Cengage Learning, pp.446448.
• Daniels, K., Patterson, G. and Dunston, Y.
(2014). The ultimate student teaching guide.
2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications,
pp.145-151.
* remember, when citing a book, only include
the edition if it is NOT the first edition!
How to write full references?
Chapters in Edited Books:
• Bressler, L. (2010). My girl, Kylie. In: L.
Matheson, ed., The Dogs That We Love, 1st
ed. Boston: Jacobson Ltd., pp. 78-92.
• Arjjumend, H. (2013). New Challenges of
Transboundary Water Conflicts and Climate
Change for Governance of Indus River Basin.
In: M.M. Sheikh, ed., Environmental
Consciousness and Human Perceptions,
Saarbrucken, Germany: LAP Lambert
Academic Publishing: 40-57
How to write full references?
Multiple Works by Same Author:
• Arjjumend, H. (2015a). Comparative Analysis
of ABS (access and benefit sharing) regime in
India and Russia with regard to genetic
resources. Review of Glocal Studies, vol. 2(1).
• Arjjumend, H. (2015b). Analysis of India’s ABS
Regime in Context if Indigenous People and
Local Communities. International Journal of
Applied Research & Studies, vol. IV(1).
How to write full references?
Multiple Works by Same Author:
• Arjjumend, H. (2004). Tribal (Land) Rights and
Industry Accountability: A Case of Mining in
Dumka District of Jharkhand, Innovations in
Civil Society, vol. 4 no. 1, July 2004.
• Arjjumend, H. (2005). Governance and
Participation in Community Initiated
Associations and Sustainable Development in
Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Eastern
Anthropologist, 3(4): 451-464.
How to write full references?
Print Journal Articles/Papers:
• Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False
Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic
Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp. 269-290.
• Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. (2015). The Impact
of Cognitive, Social and Physical Limitations on
Income in Community Dwelling Adults With
Chronic Medical and Mental Disorders. Global
Journal of Health Science, 7(5), pp. 183-195.
How to write full references?
• Arjjumend, H., Koutouki, K. and Alam, S.
(2016). Evolution of International Governance
of Biodiversity. Journal of Global Resources,
Vol. 2(July 2016).
• Arjjumend, H., Alam, S., Koivurova, T. and
Shishatskiy, N.G. (2016). Comparative Analysis
of Access and Benefit Sharing Regimes in India
and Russia in Context of Indigenous People
and Local Communities. Journal of Siberian
Federal University: Humanities & Social
Sciences, 1(2016.9): 265-290
How to write full references?
Journal Articles Found on a Database/Website:
• Raina, S. (2015). Establishing Correlation
Between Genetics and Nonresponse. Journal
of Postgraduate Medicine, [online] Vol.61(2),
p. 148. Available at:
http://www.proquest.com/productsservices/ProQuest-Research-Library.html
[Accessed 8 Apr. 2015].
How to write full references?
Print Newspaper Articles:
• Weisman, J. (2015). Deal Reached on FastTrack Authority for Obama on Trade
Accord. The New York Times, p.A1.
• Arjjumend, H. (2004). Exploitation Unlimited.
Sahara Time, Noida, 13 November 2004.
How to write full references?
Newspaper Articles Found on Database/Website
• Harris, E. (2015). For Special-Needs Students,
Custom Furniture Out of Schoolhouse
Scraps. New York Times [online], p.A20.
Available at: http://go.galegroup.com
[Accessed 17 Apr. 2015].
How to write full references?
Print Magazines:
• Davidson, J. (2008). Speak her language. Men’s
Health, (23), pp.104-106.
• Arjjumend, H. (2004). Indigenous practices of
post harvest storage among tribal communities
of central India. LEISA INDIA, vol. 6(3).
How to write full references?
Archive Material:
• Pearson, J. (1962). Letter to James Martin.
[letter] The Jackson Historical Society, Civil
Rights Collection. Jackson.
• Marshall, S. and Peete, L. (1882). Events Along
the Canal. [program] Afton Library, Yardley
History. Yardley.
How to write full references?
Blog:
• Cohen, M. (2013). Re-election Is Likely for
McConnell, but Not Guaranteed. [Blog]
FiveThirtyEight. Available at:
http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/
07/01/re-election-is-likely-for-mcconnell-butnot-guaranteed/ [Accessed 4 Apr. 2015].
How to write full references?
Conference Proceedings:
• Palmer, L., Gover, E. and Doublet, K. (2013).
Advocating for Your Tech Program. In: National
Conference for Technology Teachers. [online]
New York: NCTT, pp. 33-34. Available at:
http://www.nctt.com/2013conference/advocat
ingforyourtechprogram/ [Accessed 11 Jan.
2014].
How to write full references?
Conference Proceedings:
• Arjjumend, H. (2012). Community Participation
and Access to Benefit Sharing in Forest-Based
Sustainable Ecotourism: Case of Seraj Valley
and Great Himalayan National Park
Conservation Area of Himachal Pardesh, India.
In: International Forestry and Environment
Symposium 2012, November 16-17, 2012.
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: Department of Forestry &
Environmental Science, University of Sri
Jayewardenepura.
How to write full references?
Thesis/Dissertation:
• Shaver, W. (2013). Effects of Remediation on
High-Stakes Standardized Testing. PhD. Yeshiva
University.
• Arjjumend, H. (1992). Interaction between
sulphur dioxide pollution and water deficit
stress: Studies on chlorophyll content,
photosynthesis and photorespiration in
sunflower and sorghum. MSc thesis. G.B. Pant
University of Agr. & Tech., Pantnagar.
How to write full references?
Print Encyclopedia Articles:
• Harding, E. (2010). Anteaters. In: The
International Encyclopedia of Animals, 3rd ed.
New York: Reference World, p. 39.
How to write full references?
Government Publications:
• USAID and Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture
(2012). Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Land Tenure
and Administration Study. Consultancy Report,
Ethiopia - Strengthening Land Administration
Program (ELAP).
http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing