Ladores, Sheena Lyn
Midterms – Rizal – Research Activity
Identify the different disciplines and interests of Dr. Jose Rizal.
Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero, was a multifaceted individual with diverse interests
and accomplishments. The identification of various disciplines and interests associated with him
can be traced through his writings and the work of biographers. These are just a few of the many
aspects of his remarkable life and contributions:
1. Literature and Writing: José Rizal was a renowned writer, poet, and novelist in the field
of literature. His most significant works, “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo,” are
considered foundational in Philippine literature. These novels, written in the late 19th
century, critique the injustices of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, igniting
nationalism and inspiring a desire for independence. Rizal’s literary talent extended to his
poetry, with poems like “Mi Último Adiós” and “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” reflecting his
patriotic fervor. His writings continue to be celebrated and studied for their enduring impact
on Philippine culture and history.
2. Medicine: He specialized in ophthalmology and practiced medicine, treating eye diseases
and gaining expertise in tuberculosis treatment. Jose Rizal's decision to specialize in
ophthalmology was not only a testament to his dedication to the medical field but also a
deeply personal choice. He pursued this specialization primarily to provide medical care
for his mother, Teodora Alonso, who had been suffering from vision-related ailments.
Rizal's commitment to alleviating his mother's suffering through the study and practice of
ophthalmology highlights his filial devotion and love for his family.
3. Philosophy and Political Science: Jose Rizal, was a remarkable intellectual and a
prominent figure in the late 19th century. He delved into the realms of philosophy and
political science, establishing himself as a profound thinker with a fervent commitment to
catalyzing social and political transformation in his homeland. Rizal's extensive body of
work, including his renowned literary pieces and extensive correspondence, serves as a
testament to his philosophical and political convictions, which centered on the pursuit of
justice, equality, and liberty for the Filipino people. His ideas and writings continue to
influence and inspire generations, shaping the course of Philippine history and the pursuit
of national identity.
4. History and Nationalism: He was a passionate historian and advocate of Philippine
nationalism. He authored influential works that unveiled the Philippines' historical heritage
and fought against Spanish colonization. Rizal's writings, such as "Noli Me Tangere,"
kindled the flames of nationalism among Filipinos, and he actively engaged in
organizations that aimed to unite and protect Filipino interests. His ultimate sacrifice, his
execution in 1896, became a symbol of resistance and a catalyst for the Philippine
Revolution against Spanish rule.
5. Languages: Jose Rizal, the Filipino national hero, was a proficient polyglot who could
speak numerous languages. He started learning languages from a young age, including
Tagalog and Spanish, and later expanded his repertoire to include English, French, German,
Italian, Latin, Greek, and Arabic. Rizal’s linguistic talents allowed him to communicate
effectively and access a wide range of knowledge. His proficiency is evident in his letters
and writings. These language skills were instrumental in his mission to inspire social
change and advocate for Filipino independence during the Spanish colonial era.
6. Painting: He was also an artist, learning painting expressing his creativity through visual
arts. During his formative years in Europe, he honed his artistic skills under the tutelage of
his mentor, an old painter named Juancho, who happened to be the father-in-law of his
close friend and confidant, Justiniano. Rizal’s exposure to the world of art and his
collaboration with Juancho greatly enriched his creative expression through visual arts.
7. Science: Jose Rizal was a notable Filipino nationalist and scientist who made significant
contributions to the field of zoology. He collected animal specimens and documented his
observations of various animal species during his travels. Rizal's detailed records are found
in his travel diaries and correspondence with other scientists of his time, providing valuable
insights into the biodiversity of the late 19th century.
8. Ethnology: Jose Rizal's interest in Filipino culture and language was strongly influenced
by his interactions with German scholars during his time in Europe, particularly with
renowned ethnologists like Dr. Adolf Bastian. This interest led him to recognize the
importance of preserving native languages and traditions in the face of Spanish colonial
rule. Rizal's writings and dedication to ethnology left a lasting impact on Filipino culture
and identity, making him a national hero and cultural symbol.
9. Rhetorician: He was skilled in persuasive speaking and writing, conveying his ideas
effectively to a wide range of people. Rizal’s famous “Mi Último Adiós” showcased his
oratory talent and unwavering commitment to the cause of Philippine independence. His
influence extended beyond the Philippines, impacting the broader struggle for
independence in colonized nations. His legacy as a rhetorician and intellectual leader is a
crucial aspect of his historical significance.
10. Poet: He composed more than 35 poems, with “Mi Último Adiós” being his famous
farewell piece, and “El Filibusterismo” a significant novel. These works highlighted his
love for his country and his call for reform. Rizal’s literary contributions remain integral
to Philippine history and the struggle against Spanish colonialism. His journey as a poet
was shaped by key individuals: his father, Francisco Mercado, instilled a love for the arts;
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez mentored him during his time at the Ateneo Municipal
de Manila; Father Jose Bech introduced him to European poets and refined his writing
style; and Austrian professor Ferdinand Blumentritt exposed him to German poets and
encouraged a deeper exploration of poetry. Rizal’s poetic legacy is a testament to selfmotivation and mentorship.
11. Translator: Jose Rizal, was a versatile translator who facilitated cross-cultural
understanding. He translated Schiller’s “William Tell” from German into Tagalog,
introducing Filipinos to the Swiss champion of independence, William Tell. Rizal also
translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales into Tagalog for his nephews and niece,
promoting cultural preservation and education. These translation efforts were a testament
to Rizal’s dedication to enlightening and uniting his compatriots.
12. Sculptor: His sculptural talents were evident in works that depicted his father and Father
Guerrico. Rizal demonstrated exceptional sculptural talents early in his life. He carved the
Virgin Mary from Philippine hardwood using just a pocketknife, impressing the Jesuit
priest Father Leonard, who admired and requested an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
from the young sculptor. This highlights Rizal’s remarkable artistic skills and the high
regard he received for them.
13. Politician and Revolutionist: While not directly involved in politics, his writings exposed
political issues in the Philippines. He used his influential writings, like “Noli Me Tangere”
and “El Filibusterismo,” to highlight political issues and injustices under Spanish colonial
rule. He founded the La Liga Filipina in 1892, advocating for social and political reforms
in the Philippines. Rizal’s work inspired a sense of national identity and resistance, laying
the groundwork for the Philippine Revolution, leading to independence in 1898.
14. Universalist: Rizal embodied ideals from both Eastern and Western civilizations,
promoting cultural and intellectual exchange. He embodied the ideals of both Eastern and
Western civilizations, promoting cultural and intellectual exchange. He integrated Western
Enlightenment ideas into his works while celebrating his Filipino heritage, envisioning a
future where East and West would converge for mutual understanding. His Universalist
perspective highlighted the importance of cultural synthesis and cooperation.
15. Traveler: He traveled extensively, seeking to understand global progress and its relevance
to the Philippines. His goal during his journeys in the late 19th century was to gain insights
into global progress and its potential impact on the Philippines. His travels took him to
various countries, including Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, and more. In Spain, Rizal
pursued higher education and engaged in the reformist movement, while in France, he
sharpened his skills as an ophthalmologist. His visit to Germany expanded his knowledge
in multiple disciplines, particularly in the fields of medicine and ethnology. These journeys
were not only pivotal in shaping his intellectual and political views but also instrumental
in laying the foundation for his role as a national hero of the Philippines.
Reference:
Zaide, G. F. (2003). “Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and
National Hero.” National Book Store.
Ocampo, A. V. (2005). “Rizal Without the Overcoat.” Anvil Publishing, Inc.
Guerrero, L. (1998). The First Filipino: A Biography of José Rizal. Manila, Philippines: National
Historical Institute.
Corpuz, OD (1989) The Roots of the Filipino Nation AKLAHI Foundation
Craig, A. (1913) Lineage, Life, and Labors of Jose Rizal, Philippine Patriot. A study of the growth
of ideas in the Trans-pacific American territory. Manila Philippines
Crudo E et al (2020) The Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal, Rex Publishing
Habana.L. (2016), On Rizal’s 155 Birthday, Lecture series, Ateneo de Manila University.
“Rizal: The Complete Works” by José Rizal
“Jose
Rizal.”
National
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Commission
https://nhcp.gov.ph/resource/filipinos-in-history/jose-rizal/.
of
the
Philippines,
“Jose Rizal’s Travels” – National Historical Commission of the Philippines (nhcp.gov.ph)