SCL Review Unit 4 11.12.2023
1. There is a new specific enzyme called, santase. Santase has a competitive inhibitor called
frostone. We want to explore how effectively the enzyme binds to a substrate. Draw a
theoretical graph that shows how the relationship between the concentration of substrate
and rate of reaction.
2. Explain what oxidation and reduction process is. Draw a small diagram that explains
what each is.
3. List in order what is the likelihood of these different molecules to diffuse through the
membrane: K+, Ca2+, Amino acids, steroid, ethanol
a. Most likely: Steroid, ethanol, amino acid, Ca2+=K+
4. Explain the difference between a channel and a transporter. Which one requires energy
for it to work?
a. Channels= allow for molecules within a threshold of size/charge to pass
b. Transporters= bind specific solutes/ions and relocate them across the membrane
i. Transporters can be passive or active, if the pump is active that means that
it requires energy to push ions/molecules against a concentration gradient
5. Why are there so many steps involved in glycolysis? Why not evolve one giant step to
take glucose to pyruvate?
a. All steps ensure energy can be effectively harvested / used at each step. If energy
was released all at once, we would be wasting our energy.
6. Complete the table below:
Inputs
Outputs
Net ATP produced
Net NADH
Net CO2
Glycolysis
1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+
2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
2 ATP
2 NADH
None, it anerobic!
7. On average, bacteria gain two more ATP from a molecule of glucose than an animal cell.
Why is this the case?
a. Bacteria don’t have a mitochondria, respiration all happens in the cytoplasm. So,
no ATP needs to be used in transport.
8. Why does the electron transport chain work? Can it move in both directions? Why or
why not?
a. Series of electron transports that shuttle e- to O2, collecting energy in the form of
pumping H+ into the intermembrane space. Only works in one direction because
higher e- affinity as we move down the chain.
9. What are the major inputs and outputs of the TCa cycle? List them below.
a. Inputs: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 ADP, 2 FADH
b. Outputs: 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, 2 CoA