LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
R.A. NO. 1425
An act to include in the curricula of all public and private
schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works
and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and
distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all
schools, colleges and universities, public or private:
Provided,
SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges
and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and unexpurgated
editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as
well as of Rizal’s other works and biography.
SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause
the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into
English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects;
cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and
cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons
desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations
and Barrio Councils throughout the country.
SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as
amendment or repealing section nine hundred twentyseven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the
discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers
and other person engaged in any public school.
SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is
hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund
not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to
carry out the purposes of this Act.
SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
ANCESTORS OF JOSE RIZAL
FATHER SIDE:
Domingo Lamco and Ines Dela Rosa
Francisco Mercado Jr. and Anila Bernarcha
Cirila Alejandra and Juan Mercado
Child: Francisco Mercado Jr. and 13 others
MOTHER SIDE:
Eugenio Ursua and Benigna
Regina Ursua and Manuel de Quintos
Brigida de Quintos and Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo
Child: Teodora Alonzo
FRANCISCO MERCADO
Youngest
Born in Binan, Laguna
Hardworking and progressive farmer
Man of the solid shoulder w/ strong constitutions,
prominent forehead and dark eyes
Pure Filipino
At 80, he died (year after execution of Rizal)
TEODORA ALONZO
Born in Manila
Math, business, literature
-
Finesse
Belong to a distinguished family
Imprisoned for 2 yrs because allegedly poison her
cousin.
Refused life pension
RIZAL SIBLINGS
1. SATURNINA – published works of Rizal, married to
Timoteo Hidalgo.
2. PACIANO – only brother, served as his 2nd father.
3. NARCISA – very close to Rizal, married to Antonio
Lopez.
4. OLIMPIA – married to Silvestre Hubaldo, died during
child birth.
5. LUCIA – married to Marciano Herbosa.
6. MARIA – married to Daniel Faustino Cruz.
7. JOSE RIZAL
8. CONCEPCION – died at 3 y/o due to heart failure.
9. JOSEFA – died due to epilepsy (no husband)
10. TRINIDAD – keeper of Mi Ultimo Adios
11. SOLEDAD – married to Pantaleon Quintero, very
educated.
JOSE RIZAL (JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO y ALONZO
REALONDA)
Birthday: June 19, 1861
Born in Calamba, Laguna
Rev. Rufino Collantes – baptized rizal on June 22,
1861.
17 y/o – he wrote an article MEMORIAS DE US
ESTUDIANTE DE MANILA.
15 y/o – wrote US RECUARDO A MI PUEBLO.
Teachers in grade school: Lucas Padua & Leon
Monroy
Favorite book: EL AMIGO DE LOS NINOS
Favorite story: THE MOTH
8 y/o – he wrote “ANG AKING KABATA”/ TO MY
FELLOW CHILDREN
35 y/o – died
3 UNCLES WHO INFLUENCED RIZAL:
1. GREGORIO – to read
2. JOSE – to fight against bullies
3. MANUEL ALBERTO ALONZO – excellence in writing
AMBET OCAMPO (HISTORIAN) & VERGILIO AMORSOLO
(NAT’L ARTIST) DOUBTED THAT RIZAL WROTE SA AKING MGA
KABATA
REASONS:
1. Poem used the tagalog “Kalayaan” (There’s no
word existed until 1882 “Kalayahan”
2. The fluency & sophistication used in the poem.
3. 8 y/o Rizal apparent familiarity w/ English & Latin is
also questionable (Spanish & tagalog – only
languages existed when he was 8 y/o)
4. Rizal did not study English until 1880.
5. No manuscript for Sa Aking mga Kabata written
Rizal’s handwriting exist.
6. The poem also used the letter K,W instead of C, V
because we are using Spanish orthography.
RIZAL IN ATENEO
ESCUELA PIA – previous name of ateneo.
Charity school founded in 1817.
-
JUNE 10, 1872 – Paciano and Rizal went to Manila to
have entrance exam in CSJL and went back to
Calamba. His father wants him to Ateneo.
FATHER MARGIN FERNANDO – rejected Rizal in
Ateneo
REASONS:
1. Month late for registration due to his mother’s arrest.
2. Appeared sickly & undersize for his age.
He used PADRINO SYSTEM
MANUEL XERES BURGOS – helped Rizal to enter in
Ateneo.
EXTERNO – student live outside the school
INTERNO – live inside the school
CARABALLO ST. – where they stayed
JESUIT SYSTEM
1. Rigid discipline
2. Character building
3. Religious instruction
4. Establish physical culture
5. Scientific studies
6. Starts & ends classes w/ prayer
7. Hear masses every morning
8. Encouraged competitions of students
1ST YEAR IN ATENEO
PINSULARES – pure Spanish
INSULARES – born in PH , Spanish parents
MEZTISO – white men
NATIVES – Filipino
FATHER JOSE BECH – fave teacher of Rizal
Took tutor in Spanish classes in COLEGIO DE SANTA
ISABEL
2ND YEAR
Became Emperor (brightest student in Spanish time)
Received excellent grades in all subjects and gold
medals
Loved reading romantic novels
Fave Novel – HISTORIA UNIVERSAL BY CESAR CANTU
3RD YEAR
Mother out in jail
Received a gold medal in latin
TH
4 YEAR
Became intern of FR. PAULA DE SANCHEZ
Received 5 medals at the end of the school term
5th YEAR
Declared as the PRIDE OF THE JESUIT.
MARCH 23, 1877 – graduated in HS at 16 y/o
He took land surveying.
TYPES OF STUDENTS
1. EMPEROR – bright
2. TRIBUNE – very good
3. DECURION – good
4. CENTURION – not that good
5. BEARER – not at all
Rizal belongs to CARTHAGINIAN, others were
ROMAN
After Ateneo, he went to UST.
RIZAL IN UST
He took PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS
REASONS:
1. Father likes it,
2.
-
-
He was uncertain to course he would pursue.
He received excellent grades.
FATHER PABLO RAMON – rector of UST,
recommended Rizal to take medicine.
His grades were passing only (Medicine)
HE WAS UNHAPPY IN UST BECAUSE:
1. Dominican professor was hostile to him
2. Fil students suffered discrimination
3. The method of teaching was obsolete
REASONS WHY HIS GRADES WERE LOW:
1. Not satisfied by the education
2. Plenty of distractions (girls, vices)
3. Medicine was not Rizal true vocation
EDUCATION AND TRAVEL ABROAD
w/o any knowledge, Paciano would send Rizal to
Spain.
MISSION OF RIZAL – observe keenly the life & culture,
languages & customs, industries, commerce &
gov’t. & laws of the European nation in order to
prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating these
oppressed people from the Spanish tyranny.
It was a secret.
Used another identity, JOSE MERCADO (his cousin
from Binan)
Flew to Spain in MAY 3, 1882, Barkong Salvadora
JUNE 16, 1882, arrived in Barcelona, Spain
1st impression, THE GREATEST CITY OF CATALUNA
(Barcelona) and 2ND LARGEST CITY OF SPAIN
LAS RAMBLAS – most famous street in Barcelona
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – encouraged Rizal to write in
newspaper. And translated it to Filipino.
AMOR PATRIO – rizal wrote about love of country.
BASILIO TEODORA MORAN – published it
DIARYONG TAGALOG – 1ST bilingual newspaper
LOS VIAJES – 2nd article he wrote
Paciano sent letter after 23 days Rizal departed,
telling him to finish a medical degree in Madrid.
NOV. 3, 1882 – went to Madrid (Capital of Spain)
UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID – he enrolled
MEDICINE & PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS – courses he
took
ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS IN SAN FERNANDO – he
enrolled in fine arts during his vacancy
JUNE 21, 1884 – finished his degree in Medicine
(Licentiate)
JUNE 19, 1885 – finished his degree in Philosophy &
Letters (Licentiate)
1885 – he went to Paris, France
Studied OPTHALMOLOGIST.
DR. LOUIS WECKER – he trained Rizal on actual eye
operations.s
Mastered 5 diff. languages:
1. French
2. Italian
3. Polish
4. English
5. Greek
Experienced lack of money
REASONS:
1. Family was not able to send him money.
JUAN LUNA, FELIX R. HIDALGO & TAVERA BROTHERS
(PATRIOTS) – helped Rizal in Paris, France.
-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
As return, Rizal played roles in The blood compact as
Egyptian Priest and Death of Cleopatra as Chief
Sikatuna.
MAXIMO VIOLA – helped Rizal published his novels.
2 SOCIAL CLUB RIZAL FORMED: to brought together
young fil residing in France.
1. KIDLAT CLUB
2. INDIOS BRAVOS
Rizal left Paris due to high cost of living.
He went to Heidelberg, Germany, famous for
universities & romantic surroundings.
Became member in chess, and become famous for
his drinking skills.
He transferred to a boarding house near hospital.
DR. OTTO BERKER – supervised Rizal in eye hospital.
Rizal perfected eye operations.
He sent letters to Maria & Trinidad (sisters) telling that
GERMANY is a country of ORDER & OBEDIENCE.
Rizal described GERMAN STUDENTS as
AFFECTIONATE, RESPECTFUL, MODEST & NOT
BOASTFUL.
GERMAN WOMEN were TALL W/ BLONDE, SERIOUS,
STUDIOUS, SIMPLE, INDUSTRIOUS, CONCERNED ABOUT
EDUCATION, & NOT AFRAID TO MEN.
APRIL 12, 1886 – he wrote “A LAS FLORES DE
HEILDERBEG”, inspired in neckar river surrounded w/
flowers.
WEIHELMFIELD – mountainous village of Heilderbeg
where Rizal stayed during summer.
DR. KARL ULMER – pastor of vicarage of Welhemfield.
FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT – rizal wrote to him about
his interest in ETHNOLOGY & FIL LANGUAGES.
ARITMETICA by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez.
LEIPZIG – attended 5th centenary foundation of the
university.
After that, rizal stayed in Berlin, Germany where he
publish the NOLI ME TANGERE w/ the help of
MAXIMO VIOLA.
Maximo Viola lent Rizal PHP300 for dp of 2,000
copies of Noli.
He pawns his diamond ring to survive in Germany.
RIZAL’S TOUR BEFORE GOING HOME
DRESDEN, GERMANY – May 11, 1887

He and viola attended flower exhibit.
LEITMERITZ, BOHEMIA – house of blumentritt, finally
they met and stayed for 3 days.
PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC - rizal visited Tomb of
Copernicus, Museum of Natural History,
Bacteriological labs and cave of San Juan
Nepomuceno.
VIENNA, AUSTRIA – Queen of Danube

May 20, 1887

They met Narcenfals

They stayed in Hotel Metropole

LINTZ – they rode a boat to go around
Danube river.

They saw RHEINFALL – most beautiful falls.
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND – one of the most beautiful
places in the world.

Stayed for 15 days

Celebrated his 26th bday

Rizal and Viola parted away
ITALY, ROME
TURIN
FLORENCE
MILAN
VENICE
MARSEILLES FORT – rode a ship named Djemnah going to
Vietnam, from Vietnam transferred to Haiphong Ship
going to Manila.
AUGUST 5, 1887 – arrived in Manila
AUGUST 8, 1887 – went home in Calamba
Established medical clinic
First patient was his mother
DR. ULIMAN – given by his neighborhood (from
tagalog of Germany - Alimania)
2 WAYS OF PAYING:
1. POOR – treatment for free
2. RICH – European treatment fee
He earned big money
Opened gym for youth of Laguna
Introduced European sports