NAMING COMPOUNDS 5 TYPES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS • Binary ionic: metal ion – nonmetal ion • Ternary ionic: at least one ion is a polyatomic ion • Binary molecular: two nonmetals • Binary acid: Hydrogen – nonmetal • Ternary acid: H – Polyatomic ion BINARY IONIC COMPOUND • Cation + Anion • Cations • Transition metals (multiple charges) – write with roman numerals or Latin name(-ous/-ic) • Anions • Change the ending to -ide EXAMPLES • NaCl • CaO • Al2S3 • MgI2 EXAMPLES • FeO • Cu2S • MnO2 NOTE FOR TRANSITION METALS • Group 1 metals have a +1 charge. • Group 2 metals have a +2 charge. • Group 13 metals have a +3 charge. • 3 transition elements that only has a single charge: • Zinc • Cadmium • Silver FORMULA NAMES OF BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Two simple steps: • Write the symbol and charge of each ion • Balance the charges by providing subscripts EXAMPLES • Magnesium chloride • Iron (III) bromide • Aluminum sulfide TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Polyatomic anions Sulfate SO4-2 Sulfite SO3-2 Chlorate ClO3-1 Chlorite ClO2-1 Phosphate PO4-3 Acetate C2H3O2- Hydroxide OH- Ammonium NH4+ THREE POSSIBLE TYPES OF TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Ammonium + negative ion (nonmetal) • Metal (positive ion) + negative polyatomic ion • Ammonium + negative polyatomic ion NAMING TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Name the first ion • Name the second ion EXAMPLE • Na2CO3 • Fe(OH)3 • NH4Cl • (NH4)3PO4 FORMULA NAMES FOR TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Two steps: • Write the formulas/symbols of each ion • Balance the charges by supplying subscripts • If a subscript is needed for a polyatomic ion, it must be put in parentheses with the subscript on the outside EXAMPLES • Aluminum nitrate • Lead (IV) acetate • Calcium phosphate BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • Covalent • Both nonmetals or metalloid-nonmetal • To name and write formulas for these, you must know numerical prefixes • The first nonmetal only gets a numeric prefix when there is more than one. No prefix if there is only one • The second element always gets a numeric prefix and always has a suffix of -ide EXAMPLES • CO2 • CO • N2O4 • CCl4 FORMULA NAMES FOR BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • Silicon dioxide • Diphosphorous pentachloride • Nitrogen monoxide BINARY ACIDS • Contains Hydrogen • Hydrogen-nonmetal • Prefix + Stem/root of nonmetal + suffix + Acid • Hydro<NM>ous Acid • Hydro<NM>ic Acid EXAMPLES • HCl • HI • H2 S FORMULA NAMES FOR BINARY ACIDS • Hydrofluoric Acid • Hydrophosphoric acid • Hydrobromic acid TERNARY ACIDS • Hydrogen-polyatomic anion • No Hydro- prefix Hypo- -ous -ite -ate Per- -ic Acid EXAMPLES • HClO3 • HClO2 • HClO • HClO4 FORMULA NAMES OF TERNARY ACIDS • Phosphoric acid • Acetic acid
