Uploaded by Angela Veras

Nomenclature

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NAMING
COMPOUNDS
5 TYPES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
• Binary ionic: metal ion – nonmetal ion
• Ternary ionic: at least one ion is a polyatomic ion
• Binary molecular: two nonmetals
• Binary acid: Hydrogen – nonmetal
• Ternary acid: H – Polyatomic ion
BINARY IONIC COMPOUND
• Cation + Anion
• Cations
• Transition metals (multiple charges) – write with roman numerals or Latin name(-ous/-ic)
• Anions
• Change the ending to -ide
EXAMPLES
• NaCl
• CaO
• Al2S3
• MgI2
EXAMPLES
• FeO
• Cu2S
• MnO2
NOTE FOR TRANSITION METALS
• Group 1 metals have a +1 charge.
• Group 2 metals have a +2 charge.
• Group 13 metals have a +3 charge.
• 3 transition elements that only has a single charge:
• Zinc
• Cadmium
• Silver
FORMULA NAMES OF BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Two simple steps:
• Write the symbol and charge of each ion
• Balance the charges by providing subscripts
EXAMPLES
• Magnesium chloride
• Iron (III) bromide
• Aluminum sulfide
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Polyatomic anions
Sulfate
SO4-2
Sulfite
SO3-2
Chlorate
ClO3-1
Chlorite
ClO2-1
Phosphate
PO4-3
Acetate
C2H3O2-
Hydroxide
OH-
Ammonium
NH4+
THREE POSSIBLE TYPES OF TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Ammonium + negative ion (nonmetal)
• Metal (positive ion) + negative polyatomic ion
• Ammonium + negative polyatomic ion
NAMING TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Name the first ion
• Name the second ion
EXAMPLE
• Na2CO3
• Fe(OH)3
• NH4Cl
• (NH4)3PO4
FORMULA NAMES FOR TERNARY IONIC
COMPOUNDS
• Two steps:
• Write the formulas/symbols of each ion
• Balance the charges by supplying subscripts
• If a subscript is needed for a polyatomic ion, it must be put in parentheses with the
subscript on the outside
EXAMPLES
• Aluminum nitrate
• Lead (IV) acetate
• Calcium phosphate
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• Covalent
• Both nonmetals or metalloid-nonmetal
• To name and write formulas for these, you must know numerical prefixes
• The first nonmetal only gets a numeric prefix when there is more than one. No prefix if
there is only one
• The second element always gets a numeric prefix and always has a suffix of -ide
EXAMPLES
• CO2
• CO
• N2O4
• CCl4
FORMULA NAMES FOR BINARY MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
• Silicon dioxide
• Diphosphorous pentachloride
• Nitrogen monoxide
BINARY ACIDS
• Contains Hydrogen
• Hydrogen-nonmetal
• Prefix + Stem/root of nonmetal + suffix + Acid
• Hydro<NM>ous Acid
• Hydro<NM>ic Acid
EXAMPLES
• HCl
• HI
• H2 S
FORMULA NAMES FOR BINARY ACIDS
• Hydrofluoric Acid
• Hydrophosphoric acid
• Hydrobromic acid
TERNARY ACIDS
• Hydrogen-polyatomic anion
• No Hydro- prefix
Hypo-
-ous
-ite
-ate
Per-
-ic
Acid
EXAMPLES
• HClO3
• HClO2
• HClO
• HClO4
FORMULA NAMES OF TERNARY ACIDS
• Phosphoric acid
• Acetic acid
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