SHS Earth and Life Science Activity Sheet Quarter 2 – MELC 1 Week 1 Origin of Life REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS i Earth and Life Science Activity Sheet No. 1: Origin of Life First Edition, 2020 Published in the Philippines By the Department of Education Region 6 – Western Visayas Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western Visayas. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas. Development Team of Earth and Life Science Activity Sheet Writer: April Rose A. Magallanes Editor: Noreen M. Abello Schools Division Quality Assurance Team: Regina N. Alkonga, Noemi A. Salvador, Stella J. Tacuyan Division of Iloilo City Management Team: Ma. Luz M. De Los Reyes, Ernesto F. Servillon Jr., Arlo L. Villalva, Leila G. Valencia, Regional Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Josilyn S. Solana, Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Genine, Rovel R. Salcedo, Moonyeen C. Rivera, Anita S. Gubalane, Minda L. Soldevilla, Daisy L. Lopez, Joseph M. Pagalaran ii Introductory Message Welcome to Earth and Life Science of Grade 11! The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum. The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and employment. For learning facilitator: The Earth and Life Science 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teachinglearning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning. For the learner: The Earth and Life Science Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule. iii Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________ Grade and Section: _______________________________Date: _______________ EARTH and LIFE SCIENCE ACTIVITY SHEET No. 1 Origin of Life I. Learning Competency with Code Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging pieces of evidence (S11/12LT- IIa-1) II. Background Information for Learners The Earth is believed to be 4.5 billion years old. The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living, and fossil organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present. The Origin of Life: There are many theories about the origin of life. Some believed that living organisms were put to Earth by some divine forces. Others say that life did not originate from Earth but from other planets. But among scientists, the most accepted theory is that life came from inanimate matter. According to the primordial soup theory proposed by Alexander Oparin and John Haldane, life started in a primordial soup of organic molecules. Some form of energy from lightning combined with the chemicals in the atmosphere to make the building blocks of protein known as the amino acids. Early Forms of Life: The first form of life is believed to have appeared some 3.5 billion years ago. The first evidence of life is found in microfossils. Microfossils are fossils that contain the remains of tiny plants and animals. They are very small and can be measured in millimeters, and some could only be identified under a microscope. Some of the remains of organisms do not have a nucleus so they were called prokaryotes. They are known to be the earliest forms of life. They have survived the extreme conditions of the early environment. They started to make their own food by utilizing the energy from the sun and the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These are the photosynthetic organisms. The process of photosynthesis produced more oxygen that changed the Earth’s early atmosphere. This change in the atmosphere allowed oxygen-breathing organisms to exist. The cyanobacteria are the first photosynthetic organisms to form. Their microfossils are among the easiest to recognize. Their morphology remained the same and they left chemical fossils in the form of broken products from pigments. The first microfossil that showed remains of organisms with differences in structure from the simple form of life was seen in rocks about 1.5 billion years old. They are 1 larger than bacteria and have internal membranes and thicker wall. These findings marked the beginning of eukaryotic organisms on Earth. Multicellular organisms are believed to have evolved from unicellular eukaryotes. Some single eukaryotic cells, like unicellular algae, formed multicellular aggregates through association with another cell producing colonies. From colonial aggregates, the organisms evolved to form multicellular organisms through cell specialization. Protozoans, sponges, and fungi came to being. The first fossilized animals which were discovered 580 million years ago were soft-bodied. The continuous process of cell specialization brought the emergence of complex and diverse plants and animals, including human beings. Evidence from fossil layers proved that different forms of life were present and have evolved through time. According to Charles Darwin, organisms change over time as a result of adaptation to their environment in order to survive. Key Points! • • • • • The first forms of life are the bacteria found on microfossils. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. Multicellular organisms evolved from eukaryotic cells through cell specialization. The evolution of life is brought about by the changes in the environment which are linked to changes in climate and geology. Evidence that life evolved is found in fossil records and molecular biology. • This learning activity will enable you to demonstrate an understanding of the historical development of the concept of life and the origin of the first life forms on Earth that would make you appreciate and value life by taking good care of all beings, humans, plants and animals. 2 III. Activity Proper Directions: Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. Guide Questions 1. What was the first life form on Earth based on the diagram above? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Based on the most accepted theory, life came from inanimate matter. What does it mean? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 3. In your own understanding, what does the Primordial Soup Theory proposed by Alexander Oparin and John Haldane state? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Where did the first evidence of life found? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 4. What are microfossils? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 5. What made oxygen-breathing organisms to exist? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 3 What are the first photosynthetic organisms to form? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did multicellular organisms evolve? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 7. What were the first fossilized animals discovered? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Based on the Theory of Charles Darwin, why do organisms change over time? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Additional Activities A. Your mother bought some meat from the market one day. She placed the meat in a pan but forgot to place it in the freezer. After some time, maggots were seen crawling from the meat. What can you say about these outcomes? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ B. Place a piece of bread in a plastic container and leave it for three days. Observe what would happen to the bread. 1. What do you see on the bread? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. What brought them there? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ V. Reflection (Provide reflection guide question) What do you think? If multicellular organisms came from unicellular organisms, then are all species related? Why do you think so? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4 VI. Answer Key Guide Questions 1. Prokaryote 2. Living things come from nonliving, lifeless and inorganic matter. 3. Life started in a primordial soup of organic carbon-based molecules. Some form of energy from lightning combined with the chemicals in the atmosphere to make the building blocks of protein which are the basic composition of life. 4. Microfossils 5. Microfossils are fossils that contain the remains of tiny plants and animals. They are very small and can be measured in millimeters and some could only be identified under the microscope. 6. The process of photosynthesis produced more oxygen that changed the Earth’s early atmosphere. This change in the atmosphere allowed oxygen-breathing organims to exist. 7. Cyanobacteria. 8. Multicellular organisms are believed to have evolved from unicellular eukaryotes. Some single eukaryotic cells like unicellular algae formed multicellular aggregates through association with another cell producing colonies. From colonial aggregates, the organisms evolved to form multicellular organisms through cell speciation. 9. The first fossilized animals discovered 580 million years ago were soft-bodied. 10. According to Charles Darwin, organisms change over time as a result of adaptation to their environment in order to survive. Additional Activity A. (Answer may vary based on students’ understanding) Example of students’ response is: “The lifeless meat the mother bought from the market resulted to the production of living things which were maggots”. B. Bread molds Bread molds grow on bread because of the rich organic materials found in it. They grow from tiny spores that float around in the air. When some of these spores fall onto a piece of damp food or other materials, they grow into 5 molds. Sugar and carbohydrates fuel the growth of mold spores. This is why our a bread left out in the open begins to grow visible mold after a few days. IV. Reflection: (Students’ answers may vary) Sample answer: “Yes! Because according to evolution, we all arose from single-celled organisms that gave rise to prokaryotes then evolved into larger and far more complex eukaryotes which are cells that make up all multicellular organisms. If you look and compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, there are a lot of similarities in structures, function and composition especially in the genetic materials and the unifying characteristics being shared by living things.” V. Other References Campbell. Biology.10th edition. San Francisco, California, USA: Pearson Education Inc.; 2014. Chapter 1: Inquiring about Life. https://study.com/academy/topic/history-of-life-on-earth-lesson-plans.html The Origin and Early History of Life.http://www.mhhe.com/ biosci/genbio/raven6b/graphics/raven06b/other/ch04.pdf.7 August 2015. Activity adapted from Mr. WARLITO ZAMORA CANOY 6
