Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Course
Science, technology and Society
Sem/AY
1st Semester/2023-2024
Module No.
Lesson Title
Week
Duration
Date
1
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
This module will introduce students to the study of Science, Technology, and Society
Description
(STS). This module will start with the general concepts and historical development of
of the Lesson science and technology and its role in shaping the society, and how it played a role
in the Philippine nation building.
Learning Outcomes
Intended
Learning
Outcomes
Targets/
Objectives
Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
 Demonstrate proficient and effective communication on the history and
evolution of technology and intellectual revolutions that defined society.
 Articulate major development programs and agenda of Science and Technology
in the Philippines
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Define key terms necessary for understanding the field of STS.
 Define the interrelationship among science, technology, and society.
 Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history
 Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the
environment
 Identify the paradigm shifts in history
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities
(Synchronous/
Asynchronous)
A. Online Discussion via Google Meet
(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Write TRUE if you think that the statement is true and FALSE, if
otherwise.
1. Science is a methodical way of acquiring knowledge.
2. Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
3. Science and Technology can be dangerous.
4. STS is the study of how science and technology shape and are shaped by
social instances.
5. STS deals with the historical development of science and technology but
does not cover their philosophical underpinnings.
6. The study of STS primarily concerns students of science and technology
programs, and not non-science students as much.
7. STS is an important area of study because science and technology
permeate every aspect of everyday life
8. Science and technology are not crucial factors in nation building .
9. History cannot teach people about evaluating present-day science and
technology.
10. STS draws from other disciplined, such as history, sociology, philosophy,
economics, political science, international relations, and science policy.
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum will receive additional scores in
class participation.
Lecture Guide
Science and Technology: An Overview
Science
- Comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning “knowledge.”
- Refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about
how the universe behaves through observation, experimentation, or both.
- Involves solving problems through the scientific method.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/SelfPaced)
John Heilbron
- Famous American science historian
- Considered science as a discovery of regularity in nature, enough for phenomena to be
described by principles and laws.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
- Also explained that science required invention to devise techniques, abstractions,
apparatuses, and organizations to describe these natural regularities and their law-like
descriptions.
Technology
- Application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce
services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world
problems.
- Comes from the Greek word techne, meaning “art, skill, or cunning of
hand.”
- Things that fulfil our needs and desires, or perform certain functions
- Involves creating and inventing things.
For Future Reading:
The Medawar Lecture 1998: Is Science Dangerous? (Lewis Wolpert)
- Reliable scientific knowledge has no moral or ethical value
- It is meant simply to explain how nature and the universe work and that the
obligations of scientists, besides studying the nature of the universe, is to
explain the possible uses and applications of such scientific knowledge.
- Science is not the same as technology.
- The very nature of science is that it is not possible to predict scientific
discoveries and how these discoveries may be applied.
Click the download link to access the publication:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7613545_The_Medawar_Lecture_1998__Is_science_dangerous
The Roles of Science and Technology
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
So how are science and technology related?
needed to address these questions in an efficient and timely manner, extending the agenda
of science
- Source of otherwise unavailable instrumentation and techniques needed to address novel
and more difficult scientific questions more efficiently
Science, Technology, and Society
- A relatively young field that combines previously independent and older disciplines, such
as the history of science, philosophy of science, and sociology of science.
- Generally, applies methods drawn from history, philosophy, and sociology to study the
nature of science and technology and ultimately judge their value and place in the society.
Quick Question:
What is the role of Science and Technology in your life?
- As an interdisciplinary field, the emergence of STS was a result of questions about science
and technology’s dynamic interaction with various aspects of society and was thus viewed
as a socially embedded enterprise.
- STS seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive cultures – humanities
(interpretative) and natural sciences (rational) – so that humans will be able to confront the
moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas brought about by continued developments in
science and technology.
Even if science and technology has brought about many useful and exciting things, there are
still drawbacks to these.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
For further reading, visit: https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/558920-Top-10-EthicalDilemmas-in-Science-for-2020/
Quick Question:
What moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas brought about by S&T do you know?
One of the key interests of STS as an academic field is the history of science
and Technology. As a strand of STS, the history of S&T focuses on how it
changed across time. It also explores the impacts of scientific and
technological innovations on the prevailing social, cultural, political, and
economic contexts throughout history.
Ancient Period
The rise of ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and
technology. These advances during the ancient period allowed civilizations to
flourish by looking for better ways to communicate, transport, self-organize,
and enhance their way of life, in general.
The Ancient Times were divided into three periods:
1. Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic)
2. Bronze Age
3. Iron Age
Some Technologies or Inventions from the Ancient Period include:
1. Ancient Wheel
2. Paper
3. Shadoof
4. Antikythera Mechanism
5. Aeolipile
Middle Ages
Between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and the
colonial expansion of Western Europe in the late 15th century AD, major
advances in scientific and technological development took place.
These include the steady increase of new inventions, introduction of
innovations in traditional production, and the emergence scientific thinking and
the scientific method.
Some Technologies or Inventions from the Middle Ages include:
1. Heavy Plough
2. Gunpowder
3. Paper Money
4. Mechanical Clock
5. Spinning Wheel
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Modern Ages
As the world population steadily increased, people of the Modern Ages realized
the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of transportation,
communication and production. Industrialization took place with greater risks
in human health, food safety and environment which had to be addressed as
scientific and technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.
Some Technologies or Inventions from the Modern Ages include:
1. Compound Microscope
2. Telescope
3. Jacquard Loom
4. Engine-Powered Airplane
5. Televisions
Inventions of Filipino Scientists
Our country also has its own history and tradition of scientific and technological
innovations. It is very known that Filipinos are innovative and ingenuous –
making something out of simple things that are available around them. As with
other inventions, for Filipinos, necessity is also the mother of Philippine
inventions.
Throughout the Philippine history, Filipinos are responsible for developing
many scientific and technological innovations focused on navigation, traditional
ship building, textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques, and
even cultural inventions. The following are some of inventions of Filipino
scientists and inventors:
1. E- Jeepney
- Jeepneys are one of the most recognized national symbols of the
Philippines. It is also one of the most common mode of
transportation for Filipinos.
- The assembly and conversion of “jeepneys” for transport and
utility from scraps of American military jeeps left from World War
2 showed the ingenuity and innovativeness of Filipinos.
- However, as the demand for more environmentally friendly
transportation arose, e-jeepneys were introduced as an
alternative to the traditional jeepney This is because jeepneys
were reported to be one of the root causes of air pollution
especially in urban areas. Their safety was held in question, as
well.
- E-jeepneys are designed to be environment-friendly, eliminating
noise and air pollution because they run on electricity.
2. Erythromycin
- One of the most well- known antibiotics in the market.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
-
Invented by an Ilonggo scientist, Abelardo Aguilar, from a strain
of Streptomyces erythraeus.
- However, Aguilar was not credited for this discovery because he
was under the employment of an American company, Eli Lilli Co.
The company eventually owned the merits for this discovery.
3. Bamboo Incubator
- World renowned Filipino pediatrician, Dr. Fe Del Mundo, was
credited for the invention of the incubator and jaundice removing
device.
- Her original design consisted of two native laundry baskets of
different sizes that are placed one inside the other. Warmth was
generated by bottles with hot water placed around the baskets. A
makeshift hood over the baskets allows oxygen to circulate inside
the incubator.
- Was used to aid the regulation of body temperatures of newborn
babies, especially in areas with no electricity.
4. Mole Remover
- Invented by Rolando dela Cruz in 2000.
- Used for removal of moles and warts, the invention was made
from cashew (Annacardium occidentale) nut extracts which are
very common in the Philippines.
- Dela Cruz won a gold medal for this invention in the International
Invention, Innovation, Industrial Design, and Technology
Exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2000.
5. Banana Ketchup
- Invented by the Filipino food technologist, Maria Orosa.
- Was invented to be used as an alternative to tomato ketchup
during the backdrop of the World War 2 when there was a
shortage of tomatoes.
- Orosa developed banana ketchup made from mashed banana,
sugar, vinegar and spices. Red food coloring was added so that it
would resemble tomato ketchup.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Performance Tasks
Learning Resources
PT 1
Exercise 1. Reflection (Individual Activity)
Instructions. Find an image that depicts an issue or problem in science and technology. Then, answer the
following questions.
1. What is the issue or problem depicted in the image?
2. How does this particular issue or problem impact the well-being of humans today?
3. Why is it important for people to study and learn about STS as an academic field, especially in
addressing the issue or problem depicted in the image
PT 2
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Issues in Science and Technology
Instructions: Form groups with 3-4 members. From the list presented previously in the module, choose
one emerging ethical dilemma in science and technology. Research about the nature of the dilemma
assigned to your group and be prepared to report the highlights of your research in class. Create a
PowerPoint presentation (no more than 5 slides). Use the guide questions below:
1. What is the emerging ethical dilemma about?
2. What factors or events led to this dilemma?
3. What are the societal implications of this dilemma?
4. Why is it important to question the moral and ethical issues surrounding innovations in science and
technology?
5. In the face of this dilemma, why is it important to study STS?
PT 3
Reading Assignment
Read Lewis Wolpert’s The Medawar Lecture 1998 Is Science Dangerous? Take note of the key points in
the article and prepare for class discussion
Understanding Directed Assess
RUBRICS
CRITERIA
Max. Points
Simplicity
5
Clarity
5
Impact
5
Completeness
5
Relevance
5
TOTAL
Accumulated
Points
25
Rubric for Designing Research Paper and Article (PT 2 & PT3)
Adopted from: https://www.coursehero.com/file/41388589/EDRD-430-COOPER-Lesson-Plan-Rubricdocx/
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Learning Resources
References:

















Philosophy of Science (Encyclopedia) Scientific Progress, Scientific Revolutions
Floridi, Luciano. 2014. The Fourth Revolution, Oxford University Press
Caoli. History of Science and Technology of the Philippines.
Video: Stephen Colbert’s interview with Neil Tyson https://www.youtube.com/watch
v=YXh9RQCvxmg&noredirect=1
Youtube: World’s Greatest Inventions (3 minutes)
Philippine Great Inventions
Paul Anderson article: “More is Different” 1976
https://explorable.com/scientificreductionism
https://explorable.com/what-is-a-paradigm
http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-ofusscientific-revolution
Kuhn , Structure of Scientific Revolution
http://www.flowofhistory.com.readingsFlowcharts/revival-west/the-ageenlightenment
http://hti.osu.ed/scientific revolution/lesson plans
Powerpoint presentation on the individual scholars and great works.
Government Documents: 1. NEDA. National Development Agenda; Regional Agenda
Filipino Great Men and Women
Great Filipino Inventions
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Course
BS ACCOUNTANCY
Sem/AY
1st Semester/2020-2021
Module No.
Lesson Title
Week
Duration
Date
2
Chapter 2: Intellectual Revolutions and Society
Description
of the
Lesson
1
OCTOBER 18 – OCTOBER 22, 2021
This section reviews the intellectual revolutions that shaped the society by means of
science and technology. It focuses on three of the most important intellectual
revolutions: Copernican, Darwinian, and Freudian
Learning Outcomes
Intended
Learning
Outcomes
Targets/
Objectives
Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
 Demonstrate proficient and effective communication on the history and
evolution of technology and intellectual revolutions that defined society.
 Articulate major development programs and agenda of Science and Technology
in the Philippines
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Articulate ways by which society is transformed by science and technology
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities
(Synchronous/
Asynchronous)
B. Online Discussion via Google Meet
(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)
C. Learning Guide Questions:
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Watch an 18-minute TEDx talk by Hannu Rajaniemi, The Big History of
Modern Science (link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcWsjlGPPFQ&t=104s).
Write a short essay on the topic, “Why is it important to study the
history of Science and Technology?” based on what you have learned
from the video.
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum will receive additional scores in
class participation.
Lecture Guide
In S&T, intellectual refer to the series of events that led to the emergence of
modern science and the progress of scientific thinking across critical periods in
history. Although there are many intellectual revolutions, this section only gives
focus on the three most important intellectual revolutions that altered the way
humans view science and its impacts on the society. These are: Copernican,
Darwinian, and Freudian revolutions. According to the French astronomer,
mathematician, and freemason, Jean Sylvain Bailley, these scientific revolutions
involved a two-stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the
new.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/SelfPaced)
It is also worth noting that, by themselves, these intellectual revolutions are also
paradigm shifts. These paradigm shifts resulted from a renewed and
enlightened understanding of how the universe behaves and functions.
Furthermore, they also challenged the long-held views about the nature of the
universe, thus, garnering huge resistance and controversy.
1. Copernican Revolution
- The Copernican Revolution refers to the 16th-century paradigm
shift named after the Polish mathematician and astronomer,
Nicolaus Copernicus.
- Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model in the publication
of his paper, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (The
Revolution of the Celestial Spheres), in 1543.
- Challenged the previous belief that the Earth was the center of
the universe (geocentrism) proposed by Claudius Ptolemy
(Ptolemaic Model).
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Geocentric model vs. Heliocentric model of the solar system.
2. Darwinian Revolution
- The publication of Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species ushered
a new era in the intellectual history of humanity.
- Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual
revolutions of its time.
- Completed the Copernican revolution initiated three centuries
earlier, and thereby radically changed our conception of the
universe and the place of humanity in it.
- Charles Darwin is an English naturalist, biologist and geologist;
he introduced the theory of evolution where population pass
through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest
would survive (natural selection).
- The organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and
would gradually change into something that would be more
competitive to survive
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
3. Freudian Revolution
- Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud is credited for stirring a
20th century intellectual revolution named after him – the
Freudian Revolution.
- Psychoanalysis as a school of thought in psychology is at the
center of this revolution.
- Psychoanalysis - a scientific method of understanding inner and
unconscious conflicts embedded within one’s personality,
springing from free associations, dreams, and fantasies of the
individual. It immediately shot into controversy because it
emphasized the existence of the unconscious where feelings,
thoughts, urges, emotions and memories are contained outside of
one’s conscious mind. Amidst controversy, Freud’s
psychoanalysis
is
widely
credited
for
dominating
psychotherapeutic practice in the early 20th century.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Performance Tasks
PT 1
Directions: Aside from the three intellectual revolutions discussed in this section, other intellectual
revolutions also took place across history in many parts of the world ( North America, Asia, Middle East,
Africa). Find a partner among your classmates and research on a particular intellectual revolution that
took place in any of the four geographical locations mentioned. Prepare a five-slide PowerPoint
presentation and report the highlights of your chosen intellectual revolution. Use the following
questions to guide you:
1. What is the intellectual revolution about?
2. Who are the key figures in the revolution?
3. How did the revolution advance modern science and scientific thinking at the time?
4. What controversies did the revolution meet?
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Understanding Directed Assess
RUBRICS
CRITERIA
Max. Points
Simplicity
5
Clarity
5
Impact
5
Completeness
5
Relevance
5
TOTAL
Accumulated
Points
25
Rubric for Designing Report and Presentation (PT 1)
Adopted from: https://www.coursehero.com/file/41388589/EDRD-430-COOPER-Lesson-Plan-Rubricdocx/
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Learning Resources
References:
•
Philosophy of Science (Encyclopedia) Scientific Progress, Scientific Revolutions
•
Floridi, Luciano. 2014. The Fourth Revolution, Oxford University Press
•
Caoli. History of Science and Technology of the Philippines.
•
Video: Stephen Colbert’s interview with Neil Tyson https://www.youtube.com/watch
v=YXh9RQCvxmg&noredirect=1
•
Youtube: World’s Greatest Inventions (3 minutes)
•
Philippine Great Inventions
•
Paul Anderson article: “More is Different” 1976
•
https://explorable.com/scientificreductionism
•
https://explorable.com/what-is-a-paradigm
•
http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-ofusscientific-revolution
•
Kuhn , Structure of Scientific Revolution
•
http://www.flowofhistory.com.readingsFlowcharts/revival-west/the-ageenlightenment
•
http://hti.osu.ed/scientific revolution/lesson plans
•
Powerpoint presentation on the individual scholars and great works.
•
Government Documents: 1. NEDA. National Development Agenda; Regional Agenda
•
Filipino Great Men and Women
•
Great Filipino Inventions
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Course
BS ACCOUNTANCY
Sem/AY
1st Semester/2020-2021
Module No.
Lesson Title
Week
Duration
Date
3
Chapter 3: Science and Technology and Nation Building
Description
of the
Lesson
1
OCTOBER 25 – OCTOBER 29, 2021
This section situates STS in the context of the Philippine nation building. It initially
surveys contributions of Filipino scientists to science and technology. It then traces the
historical development and impact of science and technology on the various segments
of Philippine society. These discussions are geared toward engaging students in a critical
analysis of science and technology as a tool for nation building.
Learning Outcomes
Intended
Learning
Outcomes
Targets/
Objectives
Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
 Demonstrate proficient and effective communication on the history and
evolution of technology and intellectual revolutions that defined society.
 Articulate major development programs and agenda of Science and Technology
in the Philippines
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine nation building
 Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of
their contributions to nation building
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities
(Synchronous/
Asynchronous)
1. Online Discussion via Google Meet
(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)
2. Learning Guide Questions:
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum will receive additional scores in
class participation.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Lecture Guide
Pre-colonial Times
- Science and technology in the Philippines had its beginnings during the
pre-colonial times.
- People used herbal medicine to treat illnesses.
- Filipinos used writing, numerical treatment, measurement, and
calendar systems to facilitate trading.
- Farming, fishing, mining, and weaving was developed by Filipinos
during this period ( the Banaue Rice Terraces was built during this
period)
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/SelfPaced)
Spanish Colonial Period
- Science and technology was developed through the establishment of
formal education institutions and the launching of scientific
organizations.
- Schools were mandated to teach religion, reading and writing, music
and arts, and health and sanitation.
- Medicine and biology were taught in different educational and training
institutions.
- The natives were trained to use innovative approach in farming;
engineering was also introduced for constructing buildings, churches,
bridges, roads, and forts.
- Rapid development of scientific principles influenced by Western
culture during the Spanish colonial period was short-changed.
- Trade was more prioritized compared to agriculture and industrial
development because its potential to gain large profits.
American Period
- Reorganized institutions for science and technology were reorganized.
o
US
Department of Interior).
o The Bureau of Government laboratories was established for the purpose of
studying tropical diseases and pursuing other related research projects;
eventually became Bureau of Science which became the main research center
of the Philippines.
1933
-
1946
-
The National Research Council of the Philippines was established.
Developing New Products
Development during the American regime was focused on agriculture,
medicine and pharmacy, food processing, and forestry.
The Bureau of Science was replaced by Institute of Science.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Ferdinand E. Marcos
- During the time of the former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, the role
of science and technology in national development was emphasized.
- Mandated the Department of Education and Culture, now known as the
Department of Education (DepeD), to promote science courses in
public high schools.
- Additional budget for research projects in applied sciences and science
was granted.
- In 1968, Taguig was proclaimed as the Philippine Science Community,
now the site of Department of Science and Technology.
- The Philippine Coconut Institute (PHILCORIN) was tasked to promote
modernization of the coconut industry.
Several institutions were also established. The following were:
1. Philippine Textile Research Center
2. Philippine Atomic Energy Commission - Philippine Nuclear Institute
3. National Grains Authority - National Food Authority
4. Philippine Council for Agricultural Research - Philippine Council for
5. Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and
6. Development (PCAARRD)
5. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
7. Administration (PAGASA)
6. Philippine National Oil Company
7. Plant Breeding Institute
8. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
9. Bureau of Plant Industry
10. Bureau of Forest Products
11. National Committee on Geological Sciences
-
The National Science Development Board was reorganized as the
National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)
In 1976, the National Academy of Science (NAST) was established to be
the reservoir of scientific and technological expertise in the country.
Corazon Aquino
- NSTA was renamed as DOST in 1986 under President Corazon Aquino.
- This was done in order for the S&T sector to be represented in the
cabinet.
- The Science and Technology Master Plan by the DOST aimed to update
the production sector, improve research activities, and develop
infrastructures for the science and technology sector.
Fidel V. Ramos
- During the time of President Fidel V. Ramos, the Philippines had
approximately 3000 competent scientists and engineers.
- The Doctors to the Barrio program made health care accessible even in
far-flung areas.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
-
Province of Laguna
The National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science and
Technology was created for high school students who wanted to major
in science and engineering in college.
Several laws and statutes related to the science and technology sector were
mandated:
1. R.A. 8439 ( Magna Carta for Scientist, Engineers, Researchers and other
Science and Technology Personnel in Government)
2. R.A. 7687 (Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994)
3. R.A. 7559 (Inventors and Inventions Incentive Act)
4. R.A. 8293 (The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines)
Joseph Ejercito Estrada
- R.A. 8749 (Clean Air Act of 1999) and R.A. 8792 (Electronic Commerce
Act of 2000) were both signed and mandated during the term of
President Joseph Estrada.
- Responsible for implementing cost-effective irrigation technologies
and providing health care services for those who could not afford
them.
Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo
- Filipinnovation was coined to refer to the Philippines as an innovation
hub in Asia.
- Promulgation of R.A. 9367 (Biofuels Act) to utilize indigenous
materials as sources of energy; was not successful due to the lack of
technology to source raw materials.
- R.A. 10601 (Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law) was passed
to modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and
equipment.Benigno Aquino III
New National Scientists were named in 2014. The following were:
1. Gavino C. Trono (Marine Biology)
2. Angel C. Alcala (Biological Science)
3. Ramon C. Barba (Horticulture)
4. Edgardo D. Gomez (Marine Biology)
Rodrigo Duterte
- Science and Technology sector is seen to be a priority based on the
budget for research and Development (R&D) that grew by nearly six
times over the same period.
- DOST focus was set to put results of R&D into commercialization in
order to gain new intellectual properties.
- Philippine Space Technology Program - launched Diwata- 2 in 2018
after the launch of Diwata-1 in 2016 that displayed the Philippine flag
in space.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Performance Tasks
PT 1
Directions: If I were the President …
For this activity, address the question: “If you were the President of the Philippines, what would you
contribute to Science for the improvement of our country?” In thinking about a contribution, make
sure that you come up with one that has not been contributed yet but is possible to be implemented in
the near future.
State and present your contribution and then answer the following questions:
1. What is your contribution? What does it do?
2. How is your contribution similar to or different from existing contributions of other presidents
in terms of implementation?
3. Why is there a need for this contribution? How will this contribution make the Philippines a
better place to live in?
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Understanding Directed Assess
RUBRICS
CRITERIA
Max. Points
Simplicity
5
Clarity
5
Impact
5
Completeness
5
Relevance
5
TOTAL
Accumulated
Points
25
Rubric for Designing Lesson Plan (PT 1)
Adopted from: https://www.coursehero.com/file/41388589/EDRD-430-COOPER-Lesson-Plan-Rubricdocx/
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
Province of Laguna
Learning Resources
References:
•
Philosophy of Science (Encyclopedia) Scientific Progress, Scientific Revolutions
•
Floridi, Luciano. 2014. The Fourth Revolution, Oxford University Press
•
Caoli. History of Science and Technology of the Philippines.
•
Video: Stephen Colbert’s interview with Neil Tyson https://www.youtube.com/watch
v=YXh9RQCvxmg&noredirect=1
•
Youtube: World’s Greatest Inventions (3 minutes)
•
Philippine Great Inventions
•
Paul Anderson article: “More is Different” 1976
•
https://explorable.com/scientificreductionism
•
https://explorable.com/what-is-a-paradigm
•
http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-ofusscientific-revolution
•
Kuhn , Structure of Scientific Revolution
•
http://www.flowofhistory.com.readingsFlowcharts/revival-west/the-ageenlightenment
•
http://hti.osu.ed/scientific revolution/lesson plans
•
Powerpoint presentation on the individual scholars and great works.
•
Government Documents: 1. NEDA. National Development Agenda; Regional Agenda
•
Filipino Great Men and Women
•
Great Filipino Inventions
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC – 107: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY