Gait: Normal (forward) progression of the body
In increasing stability:
Increase BOS
Lower COG
Maintain COG within
BOS
Kinematics:
1. Movements:
A. Spatial: Distance
B. Temporal: Time
• Spatial Parameters:
Step length: movement of the contralateral or other foot or reference; 28 inches
Stride length: movement of the same foot with the same reference; 56 inches
Step width: Base of support (the distance between 1 medial foot to the other); 2-4 inches (5-10 cm)
Increased BOS:
• Cerebellar pathology
• Diabetic polyneuropathy
• Senility
• Hip abd contracture
Decreased BOS:
• Adductor spasticity
• Scissoring gait
• Running
Pelvic List: Upward and downward movement of the hip; <2 inches (<5 cm); for balancing the COG
Lateral Shift: Horizontal or lateral listing of the hip; 1-2 inches (2-5cm)
Rotation: Increase the length of the femur; 8 degrees (4 degrees during swing phase or forward & 4 degrees stance)
• Temporal Parameters:
Cadence: amount of steps in 1 min; 90-120 steps/min (male: 111 steps; female: 117 steps)
Walking speed: scalar quantity of distance covered in a given time; 3mi/hr
Walking velocity: vector quantity of distance covered in a given time with corresponding direction: 3mi/hr & direction
Step time: time needed to make a step; 0.8 sec
Stride time: time needed to make a stride; 1.6 secs.
I. Walking
- time interval in between the two corresponding heel strike of the same foot.
A. Phases of walking:
1. Stance: 60% of gait cycle (CKC)
2. Swing: 40% of gait cycle (OKC)
B. Degrees:
1. Single Limb Support: 80% (For mobility)
2. Double Limb Support: 20% (For stability)
II. Running
A. Phases of Running:
1. Stance: 40%
2. Swing: 30%
3. Floating: 30%
(-) Base width
(-) Fick Angle/ Toe out angle
(+) Cross over
III. Stair Climbing WUFF
A. Components:
1. Weight Acceptance
2. Upward and forward continuance
3. Foot clearance
4. Foot Placement
Gait cycle: