Name: Junalyn D. Jova
College/Program: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
GE5
2.
A. Ferdinand Marcos
 During the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, there was a strong focus on
promoting the advancement of science and technology in the Philippines. This
commitment was evident in the amendment made to the 1973 Philippine
Constitution, specifically in Article XV, Section 9 (1), where Marcos prioritized
the progress of science and technology for the country's national development.
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Throughout his tenure as president, including the period of Martial Law, Marcos
implemented various measures to support and enhance the fields of science
and technology.
In his Second State of the Nation Address on January 23, 1967, Ferdinand
Marcos highlighted the significance of science and technology in the country's
development programs. Consequently, he directed the Department of
Education to revitalize the science curriculum in public high schools.
In response to this directive, the Department of Education collaborated with the
National Science Development Board (NSDB) to initiate a project aimed at
providing science teaching equipment to selected high schools. This initiative
spanned over a period of four years.
In his Seventh State of the Nation Address on January 24, 1972, Ferdinand
Marcos discussed notable initiatives focused on transforming different aspects
of education. These projects included the establishment of research and
development schools, technical institutes, science education centers,
agricultural colleges, and vocational high schools.
In 1972, Ferdinand Marcos enacted Presidential Decree No. 4, leading to the
creation of the National Grains Authority. This organization was established to
promote the growth and utilization of the rice and corn industry, maximizing its
contributions to the country's economy.
Through Presidential Decree No. 78, issued in 1972, Ferdinand Marcos
established the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) as part of the Department of National Defense. The
primary purpose of this establishment was to ensure environmental protection
and utilize scientific expertise to safeguard the well-being and safety of the
population.
In 1973, Ferdinand Marcos established the Philippine National Oil Company
with the goal of fostering industrial and economic progress through optimal
utilization of energy resources.
Furthermore, in 1976, he introduced Presidential Decree No. 1003-A to
establish the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). This
institution was later restructured and renamed the National Science and
Technology Authority.
B. Corazon Aquino
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In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's presidency, the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) replaced the National Science and Technology Authority,
ensuring the representation of science and technology within the cabinet.
On August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino introduced the inaugural Science and
Technology Master Plan (STMP) with the goal of transforming the Philippines
into a newly industrialized country by 2000. This plan aimed to modernize the
production sector, advance research activities, and develop science and
technology infrastructure.
The Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, also referred to as R.A
6655, was implemented during this period, providing free education up to the
secondary level. Additionally, the "Science for the Masses Program" was
introduced to promote scientific and technological literacy among the Filipino
population.
C. Fidel V. Ramos
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Fidel V. Ramos recognized the role of science and technology in positioning
the Philippines as a New Industrialized Country (NIC). During his presidency,
he implemented significant programs to promote and advance the field of
science and technology.
Local initiatives like the "Doctors to the Barrio program" were introduced to
enhance healthcare services. These innovative programs were successful, as
evidenced by the increase in life expectancy from 67.5 years in 1992 to 69.1
years in 1995.
In 1993, the Science and Technology Agenda for National Development
(STAND) was established. Its key priorities included supporting industries,
coconut industry development, and addressing domestic needs identified by
the President's Council for Countryside Development. Additionally, the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) focused on exporting winners
identified by STAND.
Several laws were enacted during Fidel V. Ramos' tenure that significantly
impacted the field of science and technology. These included the Magna Carta
for Science and Technology Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439), the Science
and Technology Scholarship Law of 1994 (Republic Act No. 7687), the
Inventors and Invention Incentives Act (Republic Act No. 7459), and the
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293).
D. Joseph Estrada
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During President Joseph Estrada's administration, two significant legislations
were passed:
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) aimed to protect and
preserve the environment while promoting the sustainable development of natural
resources.
The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) prohibited computer
hacking and facilitated the growth of new businesses emerging from the Internetdriven New Economy.
Additionally, in his inaugural State of the Nation Address, President Estrada launched
a comprehensive program to implement cost-effective irrigation technologies. He
emphasized a shift away from welfare assistance programs, prioritizing access to
basic healthcare, nutrition, and education for those who couldn't afford it. Furthermore,
he expressed his commitment to expediting the establishment of science high schools
in every province.
E. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
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Under the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the science and
technology sector in the Philippines experienced significant progress and was
referred to as the "Golden Age" by Secretary Estrella Alabastro.
The term "FILIPINNOVATION" was coined to highlight the country's efforts in
becoming an innovation hub in Asia.
Efforts were made to enhance the science and technology education system,
with a focus on strengthening institutions like the Philippines Science High
School (PSHS). These institutions emphasized science, technology, and
mathematics in their curriculum, aiming to nurture talent and involvement in the
sector.
Republic Act No. 9367, also known as the "Biofuels Act," was enacted to
promote the development and usage of biofuels in the country. This legislation
aimed to provide a more affordable alternative to gasoline for energy production
while also benefiting the environment through cleaner emissions.
Republic Act No. 10601 was implemented to enhance the efficiency of land and
water resources in the agricultural and fisheries sector. This law, known as
AFMech (Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization), aimed to
improve mechanization practices for better productivity.
F. Benigno Aquino Jr.
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Under President Benigno Aquino Jr.'s administration, the MOSES Tab
(Monitoring and Operating System for Emergency Services) was utilized as a
tablet device. It served as a real-time information platform for weather and flood
reports from organizations such as DOST, PAGASA, and Project NOAH. The
device enabled local officials, including barangay-level authorities, to access
accurate data for informed decision-making, aiming to mitigate extensive
damage and casualties.
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Additionally, the Philippine government launched Diwata 1 or Microsatellite 1,
which was equipped with specialized cameras. This satellite was designed to
capture and provide 3,500 high-resolution images, supporting land monitoring
and the study of weather pattern changes.
In 2014, President Aquino honored four individuals with the prestigious
recognition of National Scientists for their remarkable contributions to the
scientific field. Gavino C. Trono (Seaweed Biodiversity), Angel C. Alcala
(Biodiversity in Aquatic Ecosystems), Ramon C. Barba (Induction of Flowering
Mango), and Edgardo D. Gomez (Coral Reef Conservation) were
acknowledged and celebrated for their exceptional achievements in their
respective areas of expertise.
G. Rodrigo Roa Duterte
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Under President Duterte's administration, Republic Act No. 11035 was
approved, establishing the Balik Scientists Program. This initiative provides
additional incentives and benefits to Filipino experts, scientists, inventors, and
engineers who opt to return to the Philippines and contribute their knowledge
and expertise.
President Duterte also authorized the establishment of the Philippine Space
Agency, which serves as the central coordinating body for space-related
activities and policies across different government agencies.
Additionally, the Philippine government successfully launched Diwata 2, the
country's second microsatellite. Diwata 2 incorporates radio communication
technology and carries an amateur radio payload, primarily aimed at supporting
disaster relief efforts.