J.J
GE5
2.
A. Ferdinand Marcos
 During Ferdinand Marcos' presidency, there was a considerable emphasis on
encouraging the growth of science and technology in the Philippines. This
commitment was obvious in the 1973 Philippine Constitution amendment,
particularly in Article XV, Section 9 (1), where Marcos emphasized scientific and
technological growth for the country's national prosperity.
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Throughout his presidency, including the era of Martial Law, Marcos pursued a
variety of policies to foster and advance science and technology.
On January 23, 1967, Ferdinand Marcos delivered his Second State of the
Nation Address, emphasizing the importance of science and technology in the
country's development goals. As a result, he authorized the Department of
Education to revive science education in public high schools.
In response to this mandate, the Department of Education partnered with the
National Science Development Board (NSDB) to launch a program to provide
science teaching equipment to a chosen group of high schools.
To boost the rice and corn industry's contribution to the economy, Marcos
enacted Presidential Decree No. 4 in 1972, leading to the creation of the
National Grains Authority. This organization aimed to promote the growth and
utilization of these crops.
In 1972, Marcos established the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) to ensure environmental
protection and safety.
Another significant development was the establishment of the Philippine
National Oil Company in 1973, facilitated by Marcos. This entity aimed to
optimize the utilization of energy resources and foster industrial and economic
progress.
Furthermore, in 1976, he established the National Academy of Science and
Technology (later restructured as the National Science and Technology
Authority).
B. Corazon Aquino
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In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's presidency, the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) replaced the National Science and Technology Authority,
ensuring the representation of science and technology within the cabinet.
On August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino introduced the inaugural Science and
Technology Master Plan (STMP) with the goal of transforming the Philippines
into a newly industrialized country by 2000. This plan aimed to modernize the
production sector, advance research activities, and develop science and
technology infrastructure.
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The Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, also referred to as R.A
6655, was implemented during this period, providing free education up to the
secondary level. Additionally, the "Science for the Masses Program" was
introduced to promote scientific and technological literacy among the Filipino
population.
C. Fidel V. Ramos
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Fidel V. Ramos acknowledged the importance of science and technology in
placing the Philippines as a New Industrialized Country (NIC). During his
administration, he implemented substantial measures to promote and enhance
science and technology.
 To improve healthcare services, local initiatives such as the "Doctors to the
Barrio program" were launched.
 The Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) was
formed in 1993. Its top aims included industrial support, coconut industry
development, and meeting household needs listed by the President's Council
for Countryside Development. Furthermore, the Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI) concentrated on exporting winners recognized by STAND.
 Several laws were enacted during Fidel V. Ramos' tenure that significantly
impacted the field of science and technology. These included the Magna Carta
for Science and Technology Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439), the Science
and Technology Scholarship Law of 1994 (Republic Act No. 7687), the
Inventors and Invention Incentives Act (Republic Act No. 7459), and the
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293).
D. Joseph Estrada
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During President Joseph Estrada's administration, two significant legislations
were passed:
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) aimed to protect and
preserve the environment while promoting the sustainable development of natural
resources.
The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) prohibited computer
hacking and facilitated the growth of new businesses emerging from the Internetdriven New Economy.
E. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
 During the government of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the Philippines' science
and technology sector made great growth, dubbed the "Golden Age" by
Secretary Estrella Alabastro.
 The word "FILIPINNOVATION" was established to promote the country's
efforts to become an innovation hub in Asia.
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Efforts were undertaken to improve the scientific and technology education
system, with a concentration on institutions such as the Philippines
Scientific High School (PSHS). These institutions highlighted science,
technology, and mathematics in their curriculum, with the goal of cultivating
talent and involvement in the area.
Republic Act No. 9367, often known as the "Biofuels Act," was introduced to
encourage the development and use of biofuels in the country. This legislation
sought to provide a more cost-effective alternative to gasoline for energy
production while simultaneously improving the environment through lower
emissions.
Republic Act No. 10601 was enacted to improve the efficiency of agricultural
and fishery land and water resources. This regulation, dubbed AFMech
(Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization), aims to increase
mechanized processes to boost productivity.
F. Benigno Aquino Jr.
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During the administration of President Benigno Aquino Jr., the MOSES Tab
(Monitoring and Operating System for Emergency Services) was used as a
tablet device. It served as a real-time information platform for weather and flood
reports from organizations such as DOST, PAGASA, and Project NOAH,
allowing local officials, including barangay-level officials, to access accurate
data for informed decision-making, with the goal of minimizing extensive
damage and casualties.
The Philippine government also launched Diwata 1, or Microsatellite 1, which
was outfitted with specialist cameras. This satellite was planned to acquire and
transmit 3,500 high-resolution images to aid in land monitoring and the study of
changing weather patterns.
In 2014, President Aquino bestowed the coveted title of National Scientist on
four individuals in recognition of their outstanding contributions to science.
Gavino C. Trono (Seaweed Biodiversity), Angel C. Alcala (Biodiversity in
Aquatic Ecosystems), Ramon C. Barba (Induction of Flowering Mango), and
Edgardo D. Gomez (Coral Reef Conservation) were recognized and
congratulated for their remarkable achievements in their respective fields.
G. Rodrigo Roa Duterte
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Republic Act No. 11035, establishing the Balik Scientists Program, was adopted
by President Duterte's administration. This effort offers additional incentives
and benefits to Filipino specialists, scientists, inventors, and engineers who
choose to come home and contribute their knowledge and expertise.
President Duterte also authorized the formation of the Philippine Space Agency,
which would act as a central coordinating body for space-related operations
and policy across several government agencies.
In addition, Diwata 2, the country's second microsatellite, was successfully
launched by the Philippine government. Diwata 2 employs radio communication
technology and carries an amateur radio payload, which is primarily intended
to aid disaster relief activities.
REFERENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines