Animal diversity I
Classification
Classification
Phylum Protozoa
Subphylum
Sarcomastigophora
Sporozoa
Cnidospora
Ciliophora
Class
Class
Class
Class
Mastigophora
Opalinata
Storer & Usinger: General Zoology
Sarcodina
Telosporea
Piroplasmea
Myxosporea
Microsporidea
Ciliata
Subphyllum Sarcomastigophora
• Organelles of locomotion are pseudopodia or flagella.
• Nucleus is of single type (monomorphic).
• There is no spore formation.
1. Class MASTIGOPHORA
• Commonly called flagellates.
• Organelles of locomotion in adults are flagella.
• Body is covered with pellicle.
• They are mostly free-living though some are parasitic.
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Class OPALINATA
They have numerous cilia-like organelles in oblique rows over the entire
body surface.
There is no cytostome.
Two or more monomorphic nuclei are present
All are parasitic.
Class SARCODINA
There organelles of locomotion are pseudopodia.
Amoeboid form is predominant.
They generally do not form spores.
Subphyllum Sporozoa
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The adult has no external organelles of locomotion.
They are all parasitic and incapable of active life outside their hosts.
The spores are simple and contain one to many sporozoites.
Sporozoites are the infective phase.
Nucleus is of single type.
Class TELOSPOREA
Pseudopodia are generally absent and locomotion is by gliding or body
flexion.
• Spores are formed and there are flagellated microgametes in some.
e. g. Plasmodium
2. Class PIROPLASMEA
• small, round, rod-shaped or amoeboid parasites in vertebrate RBC’s.
e. g. Babesia
Subphyllum Cnidospora
• Spores have several cells having one or more
polar filaments which are coiled threads and
can be shot out, and one or more
sporoplasms.
• All are parasitic.
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Class MYXOSPORIDEA
There are one or more sporoplasms, with
two or three valves.
• They are parasitic in fishes.
e. g. Myxobolus
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Class MICROSPORIDEA
There is one long tubular polar filament through which the
sporoplasm emerges, one valve only.
• They are intracellular parasites in vertebrates and arthropods.
e. g. Nosema
Subphyllum Ciliophora
• All possess simple ciliary organelles for locomotion.
• They have two nuclei, a trophic macronucleus and a
reproductive micronucleus.
• Conjugation takes place with fusion of nuclei, autogamy
and cytogamy also occur.
• They usually have a cytostome.
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Class CILIATA
All possess cilia as locomotor or food acquiring organelles
at some time in the life cycle.
Two types of nuclei, one vegetative and the other
reproductive.
Fission is transverse.
Sexual reproduction never involves the formation of free
gametes.