Thermodynamics: Zeroeth Law
(12th Edition 285, 302-310, 337)
Consider a container with a gas in it. The total energy of the molecules is called
the __________________ energy, and the average energy per molecule is related
to the ___________________________ of the gas.
Problem 1: Hot vs. Cold
A
What makes something hot (think boiling)?
B
What makes something cold (think frozen)?
Thermal ________________________________ is the state at which the transfer
of heat between two or more objects is equal and the objects are at the same
temperature.
The Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics
Experiments indicate that if two systems are in _________________ equilibrium
with a ___________ system then they are in thermal ______________________
with each other.
Problem 2: Real Examples
List three real normal every-day examples of situations where thermal equilibrium
occurs.
Heat and Flow of Thermal Energy
When two objects come in contact with each other, they transfer energy; this
energy is called ____________. This energy always flows from the hottest object
to the cooler object. The symbol for heat is Q with units being the same as those
for energy, which is ________________.
Summary:
Conduction

The transfer of thermal energy between neighboring molecules in a substance
due to a temperature gradient.

Examples:
Convection

Definition: The motion of fluid in a liquid or gas caused by temperature
differences.

Examples:
Radiation

Definition: The transfer of energy due to electromagnetic waves.

Examples:
Units of Temperature and Temperature Scales
A scale based on the properties of water was devised in 1741 known as the
____________________ scale. The freezing point of pure water is defined to be
__________ while the boiling point of pure water at sea level is defined as
___________. This scale is practical for smaller applications.
Engineering and scientific applications require a scale with an absolute zero. The
zero
point
of
the
__________
scale
is
defined
to
be
__________________________. On this scale, the freezing point of water is
__________ and the boiling point of water is about __________.
Problem 3: Room Temperature
A cup of water at 40 °C and a cup of water at 5 °C are left on a table. Draw a
graph that correctly shows the temperature of the two cups of water as time
passes. Let temperature be in Celsius and time be in minutes.
Summary: