MICROFRIEND
DYNA – 85
User’s Manual
Kailas Vaibhav , G– Wing , 3rd Floor, Park Site,
Vikhroli ( West ) , Mumbai – 400 079 . INDIA
Tel .
: 91 - 22 - 5181900 (16 Lines)
Fax .
: 91 - 22 - 5181930 / 5181940
s a l e s @ d y n a l o g i n d i a . c o m
w w w . d y n a l o g i n d i a . c o m
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTON TO MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
1
CHAPTER 1
CONFIGURATION OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
1.1
1.1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW……………………………………… 1-1
1.1.1
SYSTEM HARDWARE CONFIGURATION……. 1-1
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT………………… 1-1
MEMORY…………………………………………. 1-1
HEX KEYPAD/DISPLAY INTERFACE…………. 1-2
8279 DATA FORMAT……………………………. 1-2
PARALLEL I/O/ INTERFACE…………………… 1-3
SERIAL I/O AND AUDIO CASSETE INTERFACE.1-3
TIMER………………………………………………. 1-3
EXPANSION SLOT………………………………… 1-4
1.1.2
SYSTEM COMMANDS OVERVIEW…………….. 1-4
1.1.3
SYSTEM FIRMWARE OVERVIEW……………… 1-5
1.1.4
APPLICATON OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85…… 1-6
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM MEMORY & INPUT / OUTPUT
MAPPING
2-1
2.1
MEMORY MAPPING……………………………… 2-1
2.2
INPUT / OUTPUT MAPPING……………………… 2-2
2.3
POWER SUPPLY …………………………………… 2-3
i
PAGE NO.
PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 3
OPERATING INSTRUCTION-KEYBOARD…………. 3-1
3.1
KEYBOARD OPERATION…………………………………. 3-1
3.2
SET , INR , DCR KEYS…………………………………….. 3-2
3.3
REG………………………………………………………….. 3-3
3.4
GO / EXEC………………………………………………….. 3-6
3.5
STEP………………………………………………………… 3-7
3.6
VI : VECTOR INTERRUPT………………………………..
3-10
3.7
RES : RESET……………………………………………….
3-10
3.8
CODE……………………………………………………….
3-10
3.9
USER KEYS U1 , U2 , U3 , U4…………………………….
3-11
3.10
SAVE………………………………………………………..
3-12
3.11
LOAD……………………………………………………….
3-12
MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING…………. 5-1
5.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5.2
4.1
CODE 00 : MOVE BLOCK…………………………………. 4-1
4.2
CODE 01 : FILL BLOCK…………………………………… 4-3
4.3
CODE 02 : INSERT BLOCK………………………………. 4-3
4.4
CODE 03 : DELETE BLOCK………………………………. 4-3
4.5
CODE 04 : SEARCH BLOCK……………………………… 4-5
4.6
CODE 04 : HEX TO DECIMAL……………………………. 4-6
4.7
CODE 06 : DECIMAL TO HEX……………………………. 4-7
4.8
CODE 0E : COMPLEMENT BLOCK………………………. 4-7
4.9
CODE OF : ROLLING DISPLAY…………………………… 4-8
ii
5.3
MODIAD…………………………………………… 5-3
MODIDT…………………………………………… 5-4
RDKBD …………………………………………….. 5-4
DELAY…………………………………………….. 5-4
CLEAR ……………………………………………. 5-5
GTHEX……………………………………………….5-5
OUTPUT…………………………………………….. 5-5
SERIAL ROUTINES…………………………………………..5-7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CHAPTER 4
CODES………………………………………………….. 4-1
MONITOR SUBROUTINES………………………………… 5-1
CIN………………………………………………….. 5-8
COUT………………………………………………. 5-8
CROUT……………………………………………… 5-8
NMOUT…………………………………………….. 5-8
GETHX …………………………………………….. 5-8
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES…………………………….. 5-9
EXAMPLE 1 : FAMILIARIZATION……………………….. 5-9
EXAMPLE 2 : RDKBD……………………………………… 5-11
EXAMPLE 3 : MODIDT……………………………………... 5-12
EXAMPLE 4 : RDKBD + MODIDT………………………… 5-12
EXAMPLE 5 : HEX ADDITION…………………………….. 5-12
EXAMPLE 6 : 4 DIGIT HEX COUNTER…………………… 5-13
EXAMPLE 7 : 2 DIGIT DECIMAL COUNTER…………….. 5-14
EXAMPLE 8 : FLASHING DISPLAY………………………. 5-15
EXAMPLE 9 : ROLLING DISPLAY………………………… 5-16
TABLE 5.1 SCRATCH PAD LOCATION……………….. 5-2
TABLE 5.2 CHARACTER CODES………………………. 5-6
iii
PAGE NO.
PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 6
APPENDIX
SERIAL I/O OPERATION
6-1
CONNECTOR AND STRAPPING DETAILS
A-1
6.1
USE OF MONITOR
6-2
A
CONNECTOR J1 : DYNA BUS INTERFACE
A-1
6.2
COMMAND STRUCTURE
6-2
CONNECTOR J2 : 8155 CONNECTOR
A-2
6.2.1
D – DISPLAY MEMORY COMMAND
6-3
CONNECTOR J3 : 8255 CONNECTOR
A-3
6.2.2
G – PROGRAM EXECUTE COMMAND
6-3
CONNECTOR J4 : 8279 CONNECTOR
A-4
6.2.3
I – INSERT INSTRUCTIONS INTO RAM-1
6-3
CONNECTOR J5 : POWER SUPPLY CONNECTOR
A-4
6.2.4
M – MOVE MEMORY COMMAND
6-4
CONNECTOR J6 : SERIAL CONNECTOR
A-4
6.2.5
S – SUBSTITUTE MEMORY
6-4
CONNECTOR J7 : 8253 CONNECTOR
A-4
6.2.6
X – EXAMINE / MODIFY CPU
6-5
STRAPPING DETAILS
A-5
B
ADD-ON CARDS FOR MICROFRIEND
DYNA-85 SYSTEM
B-1
REGISTER COMMAND
6.3
PROGRAM DEBUGGING
6-7
6.4
ERROR CONDITIONS
6-8
6.5
ADDRESS VALUE ERRORS
6-8
C
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
C-1
6.6
COMMAND EXAMPLES
6-9
D
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 MONITOR LISTING
D-1
6.7
AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE
6-9
TABLE 6.1
6-11
E
PROCEDURE FOR UPLOADING AND
E-1
BAUD RATE SELECTION
DOWNLOADING
CHAPTER 7
FOR THE MICROFRIEND ILC USER
7-1
iv
v
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
What will I get DYNA-85 !
Microfriend DYNA-85 is an introduction to a low cost trainer and
development kit. It was developed to assist the novice to get familiar
with INTEL 8085 microprocessor in a user friendly environments.
This user’s manual tells you about –
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Hardware of DYNA-85.
Monitor commands to interact with DYNA-85.
Memory & I/O details of Dyna-85.
Working with hex keypad and display.
Serial I/O and Audio cassette interface.
Circuit diagram and connector details.
Before you begin :
1)
2)
3)
Study this manual carefully.
Write your own programs after studying the chapter on
Machine Language programming and try them out.
Do not hesitate to experiment using the I/O lines for real
world interfacing.
1
1-1
CHAPTER 1
CONFIGURATION OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
1.1
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 is a single board computer based on 8085A
CPU designed specially for training and development applications.
It is equally useful for a novice as well as development engineers for
studying the 8085A CPU and developing various product based on the
8085A.
1.1.1
ƒ
SYSTEM HARDWARE OVERVIEW
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
MICROFRIEND DYNA - 85 I s based on the INTEL 8085A high
performance CPU operating at 3 MHz.
ƒ
MEMORY
Powerful system monitor has been provided on a 2732 EPROM
covering 4K bytes.This monitor includes all standard commands,
codes , functions and utility subroutines.
A 6116 battery back up RAM ( 2K ) is provided on the board for
inputting and executing programs.
Three 28 pin sockets are provided for memory chips so that further
expansion of RAM/EPROM is possible upto a maximum of 56K .
1-3
1-2
ƒ
HEX KEYPAD / DISPLAY INTERFACE
a
A Keypad with 21 keys and 6 digits LED seven segments display is
provided for interaction with the system using 8279 keyboard /
display controller. This chip provides the following features.
f
b
g
Simultanous Keyboard & Display operation.
Scanned Keyboard Model sensor Mode.
2 Key locked / N Key roll over.
Contact Debounce.
16 Displays
Programmable scan timing.
e
c
d
The hex keypad has the standard hexadecimal keys and many other
function and Code keys. 4 “User Definable” function keys are also
provided which can be defined by the user . All scan, return, shift and
control lines of 8279 are brought on to connected J4.
8279 DATA FORMAT :
Writing a 1 in the desired bit lights that particular segment.
ƒ
PARALLEL I/O INTERFACE
46 parallel I/O lines are provided on board , 22 from 8155 and 24 from
8255 . These lines are brought on to connector J2 ( for 8155 ) and
(for 8255).
ƒ
SERIAL I/O AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE
The data format for the character being displayed by the 8279 is one bit
corresponding to each segment of the seven segment display plus one
bit for the decimal point. The display bits are store in the 8279 in the
form of one byte digit of the display from RAM location 0 to 5 .
Serial I/O is available through RS232C compatible port. The SID & SOD
lines are used under software control for serial operation . Baud rate is
adjustable.
The byte format is as follows :
Onboard Audio Cassette I / F is provided with file management , for
storage and retrieval of data using a cassette recorder.
A3
c
A2
d
A1
b
A0
a
B3
e
B2
g
B1
f
B0
dp
ƒ
TIMER
Three channels of 8253 chip , a 16 bit TIMER / COUNTER and one
channel of 14 bit TIMER /COUNTER of 8155 are provided on board. All
lines of 8253 are provided on connector J7 and 8155 are provided on J2.
1-4
ƒ
1-5
EXPANSION SLOT
All Address, Data, Control and Hardware Interrupt lines are brought on
to a 50 pin FRC connector for system interfacing and expansion. These
lines are unbuffered so user has to take care while expanding their
system.
1.1.2
STEP :
Allows the user to execute the program on single step
mode or break point mode.
SAVE :
Used for saving the contents of memory onto an audio
cassette.
LOAD :
Used for loading the program from audio cassette back
to the memory in RAM area.
U1..U4 :
These keys are user definable functin keys. The function
of these keys can be defined by the user , by loading the
appropriate memory locations with vectors pointing to
user subroutines.
SYSTEM COMMANDS OVERVIEW
The HEX KEYPAD mode supports the following commands :
RESET :
Provides hardware reset . Display shows “FrlEND” on
pressing this key.
VI :
Vector interrupt key.Activate RST 7.5 vectored interrupt.
SET :
Allows the user to examine & modify the contents of
RAM and only examination of contents is possible in
case of EPROM.
INR :
Increments memory address presently displayed un the
address field of display.
DCR :
Decrements memory address presently displayed in the
address field od display.
REG :
Allows the user to examine contents of CPU registers &
modify them if necessary.
GO :
Allows the user to load the program counter by the
desired memory address which is the starting address of
the program to be executed.
EXEC :
Used to start the execution of GO or CODE command.
CODE :
Used for selecting one of the coded subroutines in the
monitor.
1.1.3 SYSTEM FIRMWARE OVERVIEW
The MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 has very powerful and user
friendly FIRMWARE in the EPROM.
Complete listing of the Monitor FIRMWARE is given at the end of
User can borrow any subroutine from the listing for his own
program development.
Various commands available through the keyboard and the coded
subroutines are accessible through the CODE key and is already been
listed in chapter.
A point worth mentioning here about the FIRMWARE is the options of
entry point to the Monitor.
There are two options available , one is the COLD START , other is
WARM START . In COLD START entry the system is completely
reinitialized and no user program status is saved from the previous
program executed. This is equivalent to the hardware reset.
1-7
1-6
COLD START entry can be performed through software by using the
RST 0 instruction.
In WARM START entry, the start of previously executed user program is
fully saved before entering the monitor. WARM START entry is possible
through software by using th RST 1 instruction.
In both cases, the sign on display is ‘FrlEND’ as in case of hardware
reset through RESET Key.
CODE COMMANDS :
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
CODE
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
0E
0F
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Move a block of memory.
Fill a block with a data byte.
Insert a byte in a block.
Delete a byte from a block.
Search a given block for a given pattern.
Hex to Decimal conversion.
Decimal to Hex conversion.
Complement a block.
Rolling Display.
1.1.3
APPLICATION OF MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 is the low cost learning and development
system for beginners as well as development engineers
The powerful friendly FIRMWARE allows you to learn all application of
8085A and its support chips like 8255 PPI. 8155 PPI and Timer . 8279
prgrammable keyboard and display controller,8253 Programmable timer
and counter etc.You can load,debug and finialize your program on the
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 and nce the development is finilize it can
also be used as an OEM board.
The areas of application on MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 are as follows :1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Analog to Digital Converter Interface.
Digital to Analog Converter interface.
Interfacing Hexadecimal Keyboad.
Simulation of an Elevator.
Temparature Controller Interface.
Stepper motor Controller.
Traffic Light Control System.
DC Motor Controller.
Thumbwheel Interface.
And many more experiment and application can be thought and
successfully developed on MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 system.
2-1
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM MEMORY & INPUT / OUTPUT
MAPPING
2.1
MEMORY MAPPING
The system memory is also as important as the CPU itself , because this
is where the system program resides and the CPU takes its instruction
from the program. The memory is of two types ROM and RAM i.e.
READ ONLY MEMORY & RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
The MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 has a flexible memory map , and for
your convenience for program development, the RAM has useful feature
such as battery back-up.
FFFF
USER
RAM
IC 6116
C000
BFFF
EXPANSION
EPROM/RAM
4000
3FFF
0000
MONITOR
EPROM
2-3
2-2
0000H TO 3FFFH :
Monitor EPROM socket.Monitor 2732 is located at 000H to 0FFFH and
is mapped at 1000H-1FFFH,2000H-2FFFH and 3000-3FFFh also.
IC
ADDRESS
MODE
I/O FUNCTION
8255
10
11
12
13
R/W
R/W
R/W
WRITE
PORT A
PORT B
PORT C
CONTROL REGISTER
8253
18
19
1A
1B
R/W
R/W
R/W
WRITE
COUNTER 0
COUNTER 1
COUNTER 2
CNTROL REGISTER
It 2764 / 27128 are used , 1000H - 3FFFH can be used for further
expansion.
4000H to BFFFH :
This Socket is used for user expansion of EPROM and RAM.
EPROMs like 2716 / 2732 / 2732 / 2764 / 27128 / 27256 or RAMs
like 6116 / 6264 / 62256 can be installed by suitable strappings.
C000H to FFFFH :
User RAM socket.The 2K user RAM IC 6116 is located at F800HFFFFH.This 2K memory is folded after every 2K bytes from C000H to
FFFFH.In this socket 6264 can also be used.
2.2
INPUT/ OUTPUT MAPPING
2.3
POWER SUPPLY
Recommanded Power Supply for DYNA-85 kit
DMS SMPS – 01
IC
ADDRESS
MODE
I/O FUNCTION
8279
04
READ
WRITE
READ
WRITE
READ KEYBOARD FIFO
WRITE DATA TO DISPLAY
READ STATUS WORD
WRITE COMMAND WORD
08
WRITE
09
0A
0B
0C
0D
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
COMMAND/STATUS
REGISTER
PORT A
PORT B
PORT C
TIMER LOW BYTE
TIMER HIGH BYTE
05
8155
Having following specification :
Voltage
+5V
+ 12 V
- 12 V
+ 30 V
Current Rating
1A
500 mA
250 mA
100 mA
3-1
2-4
CHAPTER 3
OPERATING INSTRUCTION- KEYBOARD
KEYPAD LAYOUT :
3.1
RESET
VI
C
U1
DCR
EXEC
INR
D
U2
E
U3
F
U4
8
GO/H
9
L
A
LOAD
B
SAVE
4
SPH
5
SPL
6
PCH
7
PCL
0
SET
1
CODE
2
STEP
3
REG/I
KEYBOARD OPERATION
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 has a built in keyboard ( KEYPAD).The layout
of the keypad is given on the opposite page for ready reference. The
system can also be operated through a console connected to the serial
interface.
While using the built in keyboard , we can work only in the Hexadecimal
number system . There are 16 keys for entering Hex numbers from 0
to F. These are all dual meaning keys and the key designated depends
on when the key I s pressed. In addition to these 16 keys there is one
vector Interrupt key, one RESET key and 3 function keys.
When the system is switched on the display shows , sign – on message
’F r l E n d’. This indicates that the system is reset and the monitor
expects a command from you. At this moment any one of the command
keys : SET , CODE , STEP, REG, GO, LOAD or SAVE can be pressed
depending on the desired operation.
In case any non command key is pressed, the display will show ‘FErr’
message, you can again press a valid command key or press RESET
and then press a valid command key.
The various command and function keys are explained below :
3-3
3-2
3.2
SET,INR,DCR KEYS
EXAMPLE 1 :
You can use the SET key to set the address of the memory location to
be accessed. On pressing SET key the display becomes blank and a dot
appears in the Address field which is made up of the first four digit of the
six digit display . The remaining two digit of the six digit display are the
data field .The dot in the address field indicates that your next key will be
treated as an address entry (entry is from Right to Left and last 4 entries
are retained).
When you have entered the 4 digit hexadecimal address press the INR
key which will terminate the address entry and display the c ontents of
that memory location as the two digits in the data field.
Now you can modify or retain the contents of the location.
Pressing INR key again will load the data field into the memory location
at the address shown in the address field . This key also increments the
address by 1 location and dispalys the contents of that new locaton with
required data.
DCR key also works in a similar way but it decrements the address by 1
and points to the previous location.
Address Field
Data Field
RES
SET
F
0
0
0
INR
3
E
INR
DCR
EXEC
F r I E
n d
0
0
0
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
0
0
F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
F
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
X X
0 3
3 E
X X
3 E
Pressing EXEC key terminate the loading of memory and the monitor
waits for next command.
3.3
Trying to load data into a Monitor EPROM location using SET key
results in ‘FErr’(error).
SET, INR, DCR, keys can also be used to verify the data loaded in RAM
by displaying one location after another.
Key Pressed
REG
This key allows you to examine and optionally modify the contents of
all 8085 internal registers.
Pressing REG key will blank the display and a dot appears in the
Field.
Next press a valid register name. The Register names appears on
various
hexadecimal number keys as follows :3
4
5
:
:
:
I ( Interrupt Mask )
SPH ( Stack Pointer High )
SPL ( Stack Pointer Low )
3-5
3-4
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Format of the F register ( Flag Register ) is as follows :
PCH ( Program Counter High
PCL ( Program Counter Low )
H ( H Register )
L ( L Register )
A ( A Register )
B ( B Register )
C ( C Register )
D ( D Register )
E ( E Register )
F ( Flag register )
S
Pressing any one of these keys after pressing REG key will display the
particular register name in the address field and the contents of that
register will be displayed in the data field.
Pressing INR key after this , will point to the next register and DCR will
point to the previous register.
Contents of the register can be modified at this point similar to loading
any other memory location.
Pressing INR and DCR keys after modifying the contents of that register
and ENTER terminates the command. Address field shows F in the left
most digit , the monitor indicates as usual that the it is waiting for the
next command.
Format for the I register (Interrupt mask) is as follows :
0
0
0
A
I
M
M
M
E
7.5
6.5
5.5
I Interrupt enable Flag [ 1 is enabled, 0 is disabled ]
M Interrupt Mask [1 is masked , 0 is unmasked ]
X
C
P
X
AC
Z
S
Z
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
X
AC
X
P
X
C
Don’t care.
Carry
Parity
Don’t Care
Auxillary Carry
Zero
Sign
EXAMPLE 2 :
Key Pressed
Address Field
Data Field
REG
A
0
5
0
INR
DCR
EXEC
.
A
A
A
0
B
A
F
X X
0 0
0 5
5 0
X X
5 0
NOTE : ONLY LAST TWO ENTRIES ARE RETAINED.
3-7
3-6
3.4
GO/EXEC
3.5
This pairs of keys is used to execute a program from a desired location
onwards. If the GO key is pressed, It displays the present address in the
program counter and the contents of the memory location at address. A
dot appears in the address field indicating that you can enter a new
address in the address field. You can now modify the contents of the
program counter . After loading the desired starting address in the
address field , press EXEC key to execute the program starting at the
address .During execution of the program , the address field shows ‘E’
indicating that the user program or subroutine is being executed.
The Monitor Regains control either after pressing the RESET key
( Hardware Reset ) or after executing RST 0, RST 1, JMP 0000H or JMP
0008H instruction (Software Reset).
EXAMPLE 3 :
Key Pressed
Address Field
GO
F
0
0
0
EXEC
P
0
0
0
F
F
P
0
0
F
0
P
0
F
0
0
P
F
0
0
0
Data Field
X X
STEP
We have seen how a program can be executed by using GO and
EXEC pair of keys.This method is useful only when the program is
finalized, or when we have a ready program.
In case a program is being developed , it is essential that we have
a ready program and it I s essential that we have a facility to check
the execution of program stage by stage and see the results.
This can be achieved in two ways . One way is to insert the RST 1
instruction ( CFH ) at every point where a break is desired to check
status or result , which is possible only in case of short programs being
run from the RAM.
Another way is to use the STEP key and step through the program.
Pressing the STEP key displays the contents of the program
counter , Which can be modified to set the starting address of the
program.
Now press INR and the monitor will prompt for other parameters :
br
Cn
:
:
Break Address
N +1 , where N is the number of times the break should
occur.
In case ‘br’ and ‘Cn’ both are given a value of zero,the system goes into
single stepping mode. In single stepping mode, the program os executed
single instruction at a time . Execution stops after every instruction and a
status check is possible.
EXAMPLE 4 :
NOTE : P P P P IS THE PRESENT CONTENTS OF PROGRAM
COUNTER WHEN GO KEY WAS PRESSED. XX IS THE DATA IN
MEMORY LOCATION P P P P.
Let us take a simple program to see how the STEP command
works.Load
the following program starting at location F000H.
3-8
3-9
Address
Data
Mnemonic
F000
F002
F003
F006
3E 05
3D
C202F0
76
MVI A, 05h
DCR A
JNZ F002h
HALT
This program first loads register A ( Accumulator ) with 05 , then
decrements the accumulator contents by 1 till the contents become zero
and halts at that point.
The JNZ loop will make use of ‘br’ and ‘Cn’. First let us execute the
program with STEP key and using ‘br’ and ‘Cn’ parameters.
Key
Pressed
Address
Field
Data
Field
Comments
STEP
F000
INR
F002
INR
04
INR
PPPP
F000
XX
F002
Cn
Cn
F002
EXEC
REG
A
F
.
A
PRESENT PC CONTENTS
STARTING ADDRESS
BREAK ADDRESS ?
BREAK AT F002
Cn ?
Cn 4 N + 1
PROGRAM STOPS AFTER
BREAKPOINT OCCURRED 3
TIMES
EXAMINE REG.A
.
br
br
.
04
3D
02
As the program stopped after the breakpoint occurs 3 times, the original
contents of register A which were 05 have been decremented three
times. The register A should now contain 02, which is displayed in the
data field.
The same program can be executed in a single stepping mode.
Key
Pressed
Address
Field
Data
Field
Comments
STEP
PPPP
XX
F000
INR
0
INR
0
INR
F000
.
0000
Cn
0000
F002
br
br
.
00
3D
PRESENT PC
CONTENTS
STARTING ADDRESS
BREAK POINT ?
IGNORE br.
Cn ?
IGNORE Cn.
FIRST INSTRUCTION
EXECUTED PC POINTS
TO NEXT INSTR .
PROGRAM STOPS FOR
STATUS CHECK .
REG . A (Acc)
CONTENS 05
NEXT COMMAND ?
STEP
SECOND INSTR.
EXECUTED
PROGRAM STOP FOR
STATUS CHECK
REGISTER A (Acc)
CONTENTS 04
AFTER
DECREMENTING
ONCE
EXEC
REG
A
F
.
A
05
EXEC
STEP
INR
F
F002
F003
3D
C2
EXEC
F
REG
.
A
A
04
After counting this sequence till the contents of A become 00, the
program comes out from the JNZ loop and the address field shows the
last address of the program , i.e. F006H. Contents of this location
are displayed in the data field as 76 (HALT). If you press EXEC at this
stage and examine the stage and examine the contents of register
A using REG command , the result will be 00 as expected.
3-11
3-10
3.6
VI : VECTOR INTERRUPT
This key is used to interrupt the program execution and transfe r the
control to location 003CH in the monitor.This location has a jump to
location FFCEH in the user RAM.By inserting another jump instruction at
FFCEH , we can transfer the control to an interrupt service routine
located to another area in the memory.
For proper operation of this key, the user program must enable the
interrupt through the EI instruction and the RST 7.5 must be unmasked
using the SIM instruction.
The exmple of a decimal counter included in the chapter on
programming, will make the application of key will make it more clear.
3.7
RES : RESET
Pressing RES key causes a hardware RESET operation.The control is
transferred to location 0000H in the monitor. The monitor program is
executed from 0000H onwards without saving the status resulting from
any user program executed before the ‘RESET’. The display shows
‘F r l E N D’ as the sign-on message and the monitor waits for a valid
command.
3.8
CODE
The code key allows you to access one of the coded subroutines in the
monitor firmware. All the user accessible coded subroutines are
explained in Chapter 4.
3.9
USER KEYS U1,U2,U3,U4
There are 4 user definable keys on the MICROFRIEND DYNA-85. Each
of these keys has a vector in the scratchpad RAM area . By loading
an appropriate jump instruction at these location, you can define the
functon of keys U1, U2, U3, U4.
The vector location are as follows :
Key
Memory Location
U1
U2
U3
U4
FF9CH, FF9DH, FF9EH
FF9FH, FFA0H, FFA1H
FFA2H, FFA3H, FFA4H
FFA5H, FFA6H, FFA7H
An example will illustrate how these keys can be used . There is a
subroutine in the monitor for a “ROLLING DISPLAY” at location 0E5BH.
Using the SET key load a jump instruction C3 5B 0E at location FF9CH,
FF9DH and FF9EH which are the U1 key vector location.Mow reset the
system and then press U1 key, the display immediately blanks for a
moment and then a rolling message appears
D Y n A L o G
h E L P S
Y o U
L E A r n I n G
U P
By using the U1 key vector, ypu have efficiently transferred the control to
the rolling display subroutine.
3-12
3-13
3.10
SAVE
This command is used for saving your program on an audio cassette.
The procedure for saving is as follows :
1.
2.
Command the MIC socket (on the top) of the MICROFRIEND
DYNA – 85 to the MIC socket of the CTR.
2. Press LOAD key, enter the File Number Fn of the program to be
loaded.( A hex number between 00 & FF )
3. Turn CTR ON, keep it in PLAY mode.
4. Immediately press EXED Key. L appears in the data field, indicating
that the CPU is searching for the file with file number Fn.
Press SAVE key, enter the following parameters
5. Whenever the CPU comes across any File Number , it is displayed
in the data field. Loading starts only when the specified File
number is found and displayed.
SS :
SE :
Fn :
6. The SS parameter of your program is already saved on the cassette
tape, and when the program is being loaded back into RAM , it
automatically gets loaded at the same address.
Source Start
Source End
File Number – any hex number from 00 to FF.
3.
Turn CTR ON and keep it in RECORD mode.
4.
Press the EXEC key, S appears in the data field indicates that your
program is being saved on the audio cassette.
5.
On completion of SAVE operation, F r l E n d appears again on the
display.
6.
Turn CTR OFF.
3.11
LOAD
This command loads your program from the cassette to the RAM . The
procedure for loading is described below :
1. Connect the EAR Socket of MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 to the EAR or
external speaker socket of the CTR. (Select volume control setting
by trial)
7. On completion of loading the program with File number Fn , SS
parameter is displayed in the address field.
NOTE : There shouldn’t be a gap of more than 10 sec. Between
turning CTR ON and pressing EXEC key.
4-1
CHAPTER 4
CODES
As we have seen in the previous chapter, the code key allows us to access
the various coded subroutines from the monitor program. It is not essential
to remember the starting location addresses of all these subroutines, as
they have been coded to be used with the CODE key.
A “Code Referance Chart” has been included in this chapter for quick
referance. Detailed explainaton of operation of all the coded are given
below.For executing any code,the ‘CODE’ key is pressed. A dot appesrs in
the data field,indicating that the code number should be entered and will be
displayed in the data field. Now enter the code number and press INR key.
The data field prompts for the data field or the address field will prompt for
the next parameter to be entered.
After entering all the parameters,the code can be executed using the INR or
EXEC key.
4.1
CODE 00
Move a Block of Memory
This code moves a block of memory from one place to other . The
parameters required to be entered are SS : Source Block starting address,
SE : Source Block end address and dS : Destination Block start address.
A point to remember here is that dS must always be a RAM address.Trying
to move a block to monitor EPROM results in an error. Please see Chapter 5
for further explanation of this point.
4-3
4-2
Example : 1
Key Pressed
CODE
0
INR
0
INR
5
INR
F000
EXEC
4.2
Address Field
CODE 01
Data Field
Fill Block with a Data Byte
.
0 0 0 0.
.
0 0 0 5.
.
F 0 0 0.
FrIE
0 0.
SS
SS
SE
SE
dS
dS
nd
This code requires the following parameters :
SS
SE
Sr.
:
:
:
Starting address of the block.
End address of the block.
Data byte to be filled in all the location from SS to SE
Sr. can be any hex number from 00 to FF must be within the RAM area.
4.3
CODE 02
Insert Byte in a Block ( SE, Sr,IA )
This example program moves a block of memory between 0000H and
0005H to the RAM address F000H.
This can be verified by using the SET key as follows :
Key Pressed
Address Field
Data Field
In a given block of RAM it is sometimes necessary to insert a byte of data
which is missing. A given byte in Sr is inserted at a given insert address IA.
The remaining block shifts down by one position, upto the address given by
SE.
No address relocation for jumps are done.
4.4
SET
INR
INR
INR
INR
INR
INR
F 0 0 0.
F000
F001
F002
F003
F004
F005
3E
0 0.
d 3.
0 5.
00
C3
CODE 03
Delete a Byte at a Given Address ( SE,DA )
In a given block at a given address DA, a byte is deleted. The remaining
block till SE shifts up by one position. The above two INSERT and
DELETE commands are very useful in inserting or deleting a display
character in the VIDEO RAM at the given cursor position.
4-5
4-4
Ex : INSERT BYTE
Load the RAM location 1000H-1007H with the help of SET command.
1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3E
00
D3
05
FF
20
19
76
XX
After loading we notice that the instruction to
store accumulator STA 200FFH is incorrect.The
‘OPCODE’ 32 is missing. It has to be inserted
before FF , 20
If the block is small you an manually make 1004 as 32 and reload
theremaining by shifting one down. But if the block is very tedious. To
Do this use INSERT byte command.IA (Insert Address ) is 1004. SE
( Block End ) is 1007 and Sr ( Insert byte ) is 32.
Key Pressed
CODE
02
EXEC
1007
INR
1004
INR
32
EXEC
Address Field
Data Field
1 0 0 7.
02
SE
SE
IA
IA
1 0 0 4.
Sr
Sr
FriE
32
N D.
You can insert anything else.
With the SET command verify that 3E,00,D3,05,32,FF,20,19,76 is
the data from location 1000H-1008H. The block has shifted down by 1
byte.
The opposite of INSERT is DELETE and it works as follows :
Key Pressed
Address Field
Data Field
CODE
03
EXEC
1008
INR
1004
EXEC
.
1 0 0 8.
.
1 0 0 4.
FriE
0 3.
SE
SE
DA
DA
N D.
With the SET command verify that 1000-1007 contents are same as
before the INSERT command (i.e 1004 ; FF etc.)
4.5
CODE 04
Search a Given Block for Given Pattern ( SS,SE,Sr )
The given block of memory (RAM or ROM ) between SS and SE is
searched for a pattern o f byte given in Sr. Whenever the first match
is found, the address and bytes are displayed. Remaining mismatches
can be scanned with INR.
LOAD the data in Ex.4.3 from 1000H.
4-6
4-7
Ex : BLOCK SEARCH
Key Pressed
CODE
04
EXEC
1000
INR
1008
INR
19
EXEC
INR
4.7
Address Field
.
1 0 0 0.
1 0 0 8.
Sr
Sr
1006
FriE
Data Field
0 4.
SS
SS
SE
SE
.
1 9.
19
nd
CODE : 06
Decimal to Hex Conversion
This code is useful for converting any Decimal number from 0000 to
9999 into a Hex number equivalent.
The parameter to be entered is dE, which is the decimal number we
desire to convert into Hex format.
Pressing EXEC after entering the decimal number displays the Hex
equivalent. An important precaution to be taken is that , when you are
entering the decimal number to be converted to Hex, do not press any
keys from A to F. There is no provision for detecting this error and the
results of converting that number are unpredictable.
CODE 05 and CODE 06 are very useful in address conversions,relative
jumps and total space calculations.
4.6
CODE : 05
Hex to Decimal Conversion
CODE 05 is a utility code for converting any Hex number from 0000 to
FFFF into a Decimal number.
The parameter to be entered is prompted in the data field as HE, and the
Hex number to be converted can now the directly entered in the Address
field. Pressing EXEC displays the Decimal equivalent of the Hex number
entered.
4.8
CODE : 0E
Complement a block of memory
This code complements all the data contained within a memory block :
The required parameters are :
SS
SE
:
:
Starting address of the block.
End address of the block.
On executing this code, all the ‘0’ are replaced by ‘1’ by ‘0’ within the
specified block of memory.
SS and SE must be in RAM area.
5-1
4-8
CHAPTER 5
4.9
CODE : 0F
MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
Rolling Display
5.1
This is not a utility code but it is a demonstration code to illustration code
illustrate the powerof the display control.
On executing 0F, the display starts rolling the message :
d Y n A L o G h E L P S Y o U in L E A r n I n G UP.
CODES REFERANCE CHART
Code
Function
Parameters
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
0E
0F
Block Move
Fill Block
Insert Byte
Delete Byte
Block Search
Hex to Dec
Dec to Hex
Complement Block
Rolling Display
SS,SE,dS
SS,SE,Sr
SE,IA,Sr
SE,dA
SS,SE,Sr
HE
dE
SS,SE
SS
SE
dS
IA
DA
Sr
:
:
:
:
:
:
Statrting Address
End Address
Destination
Insert Address
Delete Address
Data Byte
MONITOR SUBROUTINES
This section will cover the applications from the software point of view of
MICROFRIEND DYNA - 85 . You are advised to get familiar with the
assembly language of INTEL 8085 Microprocessor.You should get familiar
with the various mnemonics and their power.
The 8085 microprocessor makes use of a 16 bit internal register called the
stack register to point to a memory area called stack. The stack uses the
LIFO ( Last In First Out ) type for storage during subroutine calls.
User is advised to initialize the Stack Pointer with his stack area.The
suggested stack pointer location is FEFFH. Location beyond this should
not be utilized by the user as the monitor uses this area as the scratch-pad
RAM.
You may borrow several monitor routines to simplify your task of
programming and to minimize RAM used. From the Firmware listing
provided, take care of noting the parameters required by these routines,
as some of the routines destroy the contents of the Registers.
Also go through the manuals for the detailed operation of 8155, 8255 and
8279 supporting chips.
The following is a list of scratch-pad RAM allocation to the Monitor
program.
5-3
5-2
TABLE 5.1
Location (Hex)
Used for
Location (Hex)
Used for
FF9 A, B
FF9 C, D, E
FF9 F, 0, 1
FFA2, 3, 4
FFA5, 6, 7
FFA8
FFAA, B
FFAC,
FFAD, E
FFA, F, 0
FB1
FFB2, 3
FFB4, 5
FBB6, 7
FFBB, C
FFB9, A
FFBD, E
FFBF
FFC0, 1
FFB8
FFC2
HALF BIT
U1 Key Jump
U2 Key Jump
U3 Key Jump
U4 Key Jump
P DATA
Unused
CnSave
BrSave
DESAVE
CARRYLOC
HESAVE
DASAVE
IA SAVE
SE SAVE
DS SAVE
SS SAVE
COPY TEST
BIT TIME
SR SAVE
User may place a JMP instr. to a RST 5
routine in locs FFFC2H-FFFC4H
JMP to RST 6 routine
JMP to RST 6.5 routine
(Hardwored user interrupt)
JMP to RST 7 routine
JMP to ‘VECT INTR’Key routine
Monitor Stack
(temporary storage Used by Monitor
E Register
D Register
C Register
FFED
FFEE
FFEF
FFF0
FFF1
FFF2
FFF3
FFF4
FFF5
FFF6
FFF8
FFF9-FFFC
FFFD
FFFE
FFFF
Flags
A Register
L Register
H Register
Interrupt Mask
Prog. Cntr – Low Byte
Prog. Cntr – Hi Byte
Stack Ptr – Low Byte
Stack Ptr – Hi Byte
Current Address
Current Data
Output buffer & Temp Loc
Register Pointer
Input Buffer
8155 command/status Register Image
FFC5
FFC8
FFCB
FFCE
FFDI-FFE8
FFE9
FFEA
FFEB
Important subroutines which can be borrowed from the Monitor
FIRMWARE are listed below.These subroutines can be called in your
own programs by using the CALL Instruction and specifying the
starting address of that particular subroutine.The starting addreses of
all these subroutines are given in brackets along with their names.
1. Modiad (0362) – Modify address field of display
Inputs
B
:
HL :
Dot Flag1 Put dot at right edge of the field.
0 No dot.
The character to be displayed.
5-5
5-4
The contents of HL Register pair are displayed in the address field.The
contents of all the CPU registers are affected
5. CLEAR (01D7)
Inputs
:
2. MODIDT ( 036E )
B : Dot falg –
1 – Dot in address field
0 – No Dot
Inputs
B
:
Dot Flag1
:
Put Dot at the right edge of the field
0
:
No dot
The contents of the A register are displayed in hex notation in the data field
of display the contents of all the CPU registers and flags are affected.
3. RDKBD (02E7)
This routines sends blank characters to both the address field and data
field of the display. If the dot flag is set then a Dot appears at the right edge
of the address field.
6. GTHEX (022B) – Get Hex Digits
Inputs
:
Input
:
Nothing
Output
:
A : character read from the keyboard
Outputs
:
Destroys
:
A, H, L, F/E’s.
Carry
:
This routine waits until a character is entered om the hex keypad and on
return, places the value of the character in the A register.
For the RDKBD routine to work correctly, the user must unmask RST 5.5
hardware interrupt using the SIM instuction in Version 1.
4. DELAY (05F1)
This routine takes the 16 bit contents of register pair and counts down
to zero.Then returns to the calling program. The A,D & E register and flags
are affected.
B : Display Flag –
0 – Use address field of display.
1 – Use data field of display.
A : Last character read from keyboard.
DE : Hex Digits from keyboard last four entered.
Set : At least one hex digit read, else it is reset.
Destroys contents of all registers.
This routine accepts a string of hex digits from keyboard and displays
them in address / data field as they are received. In either case a dot will be
displayed in the right most field. It is not terminated by INR, DCR or EXEC
keys, the received hex digits are invalid.
7. OUTPUT (02B7)
Inputs
:
A : Display Flag –
0 – To use address field
1 – Use data field
5-6
5-7
B : Dot Flag –
1 - Dot at right edge
0 - No dot
Character
H
L
P
I
r
Blank
n
U
h
G
J
y
O
HL : Address of characters to be output.
Destroys all
Outputs two characters to data field or four to address field. The address of
the characters is received as an argument. The routines MODIDT and
MODIAD are useful whenever the user wants to display hexadecimal
information like messages. The userhas to use the output routine with the
following code assigned to the characters to be displayed. The display
technique on 7 segment LED is already explained.
TABLE 5.2
Character
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
b
C
d
E
F
Hex Code
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1A
1B
1C
Hex Code
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
0A
0B
0C
0D
0E
0F
5.2
SERIAL ROUTINES
The following are the routines you can borrow from the serial Monitor.
Whenever the user straps the SID to TTY ( 20 mA loop ) or CRT
(RS232C) the serial routine is invoked. The serial routine is AUTOBAUD
type i.e. on power up or RESET, the contents for HALFBIT and BITTIME
are undefined. After sending ASCII space character (20H) from a serial
device, and baud rate is calculated . A BRID routine and a sign on
message is transmitted at that baud rate. Thus user is advised to set the
appropriate values in HALFBIT and BITTIME and then use CIN and
COUT routines for any other purpose of block transfer on serial link from
one system to another etc. Please refer to the chapter on serial I/O
operation for details, before using any of the following routines which can
be obtained from the serial monitor.
5-9
5-8
1.CIN (07FD) – Console Input
This routine returns a character in ASCII code received from the serial
devices,to the A register. Condition flags are affected.
The following are the program examples . The user should load and
execute these program to get familiar with the keyboard of
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85.
5.3
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
2.COUT (07FA) – Console Output
This routine transmit a character (in ASCII Code) passed from the program in
C Register to the serial device. The A, C & F registers are affected.
3.CROUT (05EB) – Carriage Return Line Feed
CROUT send CR and LF characters to console, A, B, C and F are destroyed.
4.NMOUT (06C6) – Hex Number printing
NMOUT converts the 8 bit unsigned integer in A register to 2 ASCII
characters representing 2 hex digits and prints the two digits on console.
Contents of A,B, and C, F are destroyed.
5.GETHX (0626)
Outputs
:
Carry
:
Destroys :
BC : 16 Bit Integer
D : Character which terminated the integer.
1 – First character is not delimiter
0 – If first character is delimiter.
A, B, C, D, E & F.
GETHX accepts a string of hex digits from the input stream and returns a
value, a 10 bit binary integer, taking only last four digits entered.
Example 1 : Familiarizaton
Let us start with a simple program to understnd exactly what happens
inside a microprocessor when a program is run.
First, load the following program using ‘SET’ and ‘INR’ keys.
Address
Data
Mnemonic
F000
F003
F004
F005
F006
F007
F008
F009
31 FF FE
00
00
00
00
00
00
CD 6E 03
LXI SP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
CALL
F00C
76
HALT
Comments
Define Stack Pointer
Display contents of A into
Data Field
Stop Executing
Now to understand exactly how the program works, let us take three
simple instructions.
MVI A, D8
MVI B, D8
ADD B
RST 1
5-11
5-10
The RST 1 instruction will be used so that the register status is saved and
we can examine registers after executing the programs , using the ‘REG’
key.
Execute the program at F000H and examine registers A & B, this
time the contents of register A are not 23 as before, but it is 34.
This is the result of instruction
a.
ADD B, 80
Which contents of B are added to A, A become 34 (23+11).
b.
Execute the program that has been entered at location F000H by
using the ‘GO’ and ‘EXEC’ keys .‘E’ will appear in the address field
showing that the program is being executed. Press ‘RES’ to reset
and ‘FrlEnd’ will appear.
e. Now remove the CF from location F008 and replace it by 00 (NOP)
again. Execute the program at F000H and observe the difference.
Modify the initial contents of location , as follows :
F003
F004
F005
This time the data field shows 34.Instruction CALL MODIDT has
displayed the contents of register A in the data field.Execution of
program now select different sets of instruction and study the effect
of executing those instruction in the similar manner.
3E
23
CF
In case of long programs, it is very inconvient to insert the CF and
remove it for each step. Such programs can be studied by using
the ‘STEP’ key which is already explained.
Execute the program at F000H and examine the register A and B.
Contents of A should be 23, because the instruction MVI A , 23
(3E 23 ) will load register A with 23.
c.
Modify the locations again as follows :
F005
F006
F007
06
11
CF
Execute the program at F000H and examine the registers A and B.
Register A contain 23, and Register B will contain 11, because the
instruction MVI B, 11 (06 11) has now loaded the register B with
11.
d.
Modify the location again as follows :
F007 80
F008 CF
Example 2 : RDKBD
The following program illustrate the utility of the subroutine RDKBD.
Execute the following program and then examine register A . Register A
will contain the value of the key you has pressed.
Address
F000
F003
F004
F005
F006
Data
32 FF FE
00
00
00
CD E7 02
Mnemonic
LXI SP, FEFF
NOP
NOP
NOP
CALL RDKBD
F009
CF
RST 1
Comments
Define Stack Pointer
Read Keyboard value
Into A.
Save registers & return
to monitor
5-13
5-12
Example 3 : MODIDT
This examples loads register A with a value and displays that value in the
data field of the display.
Address
Data
Mnemonic
Comments
F000
31 FF FE
LXI SP, FEFF
F003
3E 96
MVI A, 96
F005
F008
CD 6E 03
76
CALL MODIDT
HLT
Define stack
Pointer
Load A with
Value 96
Display contents
of A in the data
field
Example 4 : RDKBD + MODIDT
This example combines previous two programs and the Data field of display
the value of the key pressed.
Address
Data
Mnemonics
Comments
F000
31 FFFE
LXI, SP FEFF
Define stack
pointer
Unmak interrupt
F003
F004
F005
F006
00
00
00
CD E702
NOP
NOP
NOP
CALL RKBD
F009
CD 6E03
CALL MODIDT
F00C
C3 06F0
JMP F006
Read keyboard
Into A
Display A into
data field
Wait for next key
Example 5 : HEX ADDITION
This program combines the RDKBD and MODIDT subroutines with the ADD
B instruction.The RDLBD subroutine reads two successive key entries and
adds them together in register A. The MODIDT subroutines then displays
the result of this addition in the data field of the display.
Address
Data
Mnemonics
F000
F003
F004
F005
F006
F009
F00A
F00D
F00E
31 FFFE
00
00
00
CD E702
47
CD E702
80
CD 6E03
LXI SP,FEFF
NOP
NOP
NOP
CALL RDKBD
MOV B, A
CALL RDKBD
ADD B
CALL MODIDT
F001
C3 06F0
JMP F006
Comments
Define stack pointer
Read Keyboard into A
Transfer A to B
Read next key
Add B to A
Display result in data
field
Wait for Next cycle
Addition Suggestions :
1.
Modify this program using the DAA instruction to perform decimal
addition.
2.
Write a program for 2 digit decimal addition using DAA and RLC
instructions.
Example 6 : 4 DIGIT HEX COUNTER
This example program displays a 4 digit Hex count in the address field of
the display, from 000 to FFFF and again resets to 0000 before continuing
further count. The HL register pair is used for counting and the MODIDT
subroutine is used to obtain the display.
Address
Data
Mnemonic
F000
F003
F007
31 FFFE
21 0000
CD 6203
LXI SP,FEFF
LXI H, PUSH H
CALL MODIAD
F00A
F00D
F010
F011
F012
11 0040
CD F105
EI
23
C3 06F0
LXI D 4000
CALL DELAY
POP H
INX H
JMP F006
Comments
Define stack pointer
Save HL on stack
Display count in
address field
Set Delay
Wait out Delay
Restore HL
Increment count
Continue in loop
5-15
5-14
Example 7 : 2 DIGIT DECIMAL COUNTER
This program displays s decimal counter in the data field of display. The
count can be stopped using the VI key and restarted by pressing any key,
except the Reset key. The address field shows ‘E’ to indicate that user
program is being executed.
Address
Data
Mnemonics
F000
F003
F005
F006
F007
F009
F00A
F00B
F00C
F00D
F010
F012
F015
F016
F017
F020
F022
F023
31 FFFE
3E IB
30
FB
06 00
78
27
47
C5
CD 6E03
16 18
CD F105
C1
04
C3 09F0
3E 1F
30
CD E702
LXI SP,FEFF
MVI A, IB
SIM
EI
MVI B, 00
MOV A, B
DAA
MOV B, A
PUSH B
CALL MODIDT
MVI D, 18
CALL DELAY
POP B
INR B
JMP F009
MVI A, 1F
SIM
CALL RDKBD
F026
F028
F029
F02A
FFCE
3E 1B
30
FB
C9
C3 20F0
MVI A, 1B
SIM
EI
RET
JMP F020
Comments
Define stack Pointer
Load A with 1B
Set interrupt mask
Enable Interrupt
Clear B
Load A from B
Decimal adjust A
Load B from A
Save B on stack
Display count
Set Delay
Wait out delay
Restore count
Increment count
Continue
Load A with 1 F
Set interrupt mask
Wait for a key to be
Pressed
Load a with 1B
Set interrupt mask
Enable Interrupt
Return
Jump to interrupt routine
This program executedas GO F000 EXEC, and it can be stopped by
pressing the VI key.
The count can be restarted by pressing any key other than Reset key.
1. Change the speed of counter by modifying the contents of location
F011H which decides the delay.
2. Use the CPI instruction to compare the count with 60, & a conditional
jump JNZ, converts this program to count only upto 59.Use the XRA
instruction to reset the accumulator to 00 after counting upto 59.
Now set the delay in such a way that count advances by 1 per
second . This program coverts your MICROFRIEND DYNA – 85 into
digital stop watch.
3. Write a program based on these basic ideas to display hours and
minutes in the address field and seconds in the data field. You can
either have a 12 hour or 24 hour clock.
Example 8 : FLASHING DISPLAY ‘LErn’
This program flashes the message ‘Lern’ in the address field of the
dispay.
Adderss
Data
F000
F001
F002
F003
F004
F005
F006
11
0E
14
16
15
15
15
Mnemonic
Comments
L
E
r
n
blank
blank
blank
5-17
5-16
Address
Data
Mnemonics
F010
F013
31 FFFE
3E 01
LXI SP, FEFF
MVI A, 01
F015
F017
06 00
21 06F0
MVI B, 00
LXI, H F006
F01A
CD B702
CALL OUTPUT
F01D
F01F
F021
3E 00
06 00
21 00F0
MVI A, 00
MVI B, 00
LXI H, F000
F024
CD B702
CALL OUTPUT
F027
F02A
F02D
F02F
F031
F034
F037
F03A
F03D
11 FFFF
CD F105
3E 00
06 00
21 04F0
CD B702
11 FFFF
CD F105
C3 1DF0
LXI D,FFFF
CALL DELAY
MVI A, 00
MVI B, 00
LXI H F004
CALL OUTPUT
LXI D, FFFF
CALL DELAY
JMP F01D
Comments
Define stack pointer
Load A with 1 to use
Data field.
No decimal point
Get characters starting
at F006H
Display them in data
field
Use address field
No Decimal point
Get characters starting
at F000
Display them in address
Field
Set Delay
Wait out delay
Example 9 : ROLLING DISPLAY
This program is included in the monitor FIRMWARE and it is accessible
through code ‘0F’. On executing this code the display starts showing the
rolling message “dYnALOG hELPS YoU In LEArning UP”.
The rolling display is using the OUTPUT and DELAY subroutines. To
simulate the effect of rolling, characters are taken one from a string of
characters and the position is shifted from right to left.
When the first letter appears in the highermost position, remaining 5 digits
must be blank.
This string starts with 5 blank characters. The last character in the string is
FFH, which is not used to display any letter but it is used only to detect the
end of string , so that the rolling can once again start from the beginning
using a conditional jump instruction.
The complete listing of this program is given in the FIRMWARE listing at
address 0E5BH.
Get blank
Blank display
Transfer this program from EPROM to RAM using CODE 00. Then modify
all the address locations suitably so that the same program can be
executed form RAM.
Continue Flashing
Additional Suggestion :
1.
Find out the location where the delay values are sorted.
Change these delay values to change the rate of flashing.
2.
Select any other 4 character word and flash it on the display.
3.
Select a 2 character word and place it at F004H and F005H
so that it flashes in between the flashing of 4 character word.
Now you can put any other message in the string and display that
message.
6-1
CHAPTER 6
SERIAL I / O OPERATION
In the serial I / O section we will discuss about the RS232Ã and Audio
Cassette Interface. Apart from the Keyboard Mode, the serial Mode can be
selected with appropriate strapping. In the keyboard mode user can
communicate with the system only in hexadecimal format . The serial
mode is provided for the better interaction mode of communication using
a terminal. Normally the mode of cmmunation is ASCII ( American
Standard Code for Information Interchange).
To Correct MICROFRIEND with a terminal strap SID, the appropriate
signals are provided 7 pin cable type connect . After appropriately
connecting the terminal the standard Baud Rate is 110 with two stop bits.
When the system is powered on the in - built displays show SERIAL. This
routine expects a space character (20H in ASCII) from the terninal. The
system is claimed to be AUTO BAUD, that is after sensing the space
character from the terminal it will adjust to the appropriate Baud Rate and
hence forth communicate with this Baud Rate, until the next power ON or
the Reset key is pressed, the Baud Rate is unchanged.
Thus on power ON or Reset you press a space bar on TTY and sign on
message MICROFRIEND DYNA – 85 appears on the console . The
procedure is similsr for CRT type of terminals where the communication
mode is RS232C. RS232C is a EIA approved standard for communation.
For an active signal the channel will give -12V signal and for the inactive
signal the voltage will be +12V. This is to keep the long communication
line immune to noise and to connect a CRT terminal on RS232C link,
strap the SID line to CRT. The communication format is fully duplex, 8 bit
ASCII data , no parity start bit and two stop bits. Full Duplex means that
whatever character received from the terminal is echoed back.
6-3
6-2
The later paragraphs will explain the operation of various commands
supported under the serial section. The commands are in the form of a
single alphabetical character specifying the command, followed by a list of
numerical or alphabetical parameters which are entered as hexadecimal
numbers, The monitor recognizes the character 0 through 9 and A through
F as legal hexadecimal digits . Longer numbers may be entered but only
the last four digits will be retained.
The only command an alphabetical parameter is the ‘X’ command. The
nature of such parameter will be discussed in the section explaining the
command.
6.1
USE OF MONITOR
The monitor allows you to enter, checkout and execute small programs. It
contains facilities for memory display and modification program loading
from console device and program initiation with a break-point facility. In
addition, the key on the keyboard may be used to initiate your own
keyboard interrupt routine.
6.2
COMMAND STRUCTURE
6.2.1
D – Display memory Command
D
Selected area of addressable memory may be accessed and
displayed by the D command. The D command produces a formatted
listing of the memory contents between ( Low Address ) , and (High
Address ) , inclusive on the console. Each line of the listing begins
with the address of the first memory location displayed on that line,
represented as 4 hexadecimal digits , followed by up to 16 memory
location, each one represented by 2 hexadecimal digits.
6.2.2 G – Program Execute Command
G ( Entry Point )
Control of the CPU is transferred from the monitor to the user program
by means of the program execute command G. The entry point should
be an address in RAM which contains an instruction in the program. If
no entry point is specified , the monitor uses, as the address, which is
the value on the top of the stack when the monitor was entered.
G Command Example
In the following paragraphs, the Monitor command language is discussed.
Each command is described and examples are included for clarity. Error
conditions that may be encountered while operating the monitor are
described later.
The monitor requires each command to be terminated by a carriage return
with the exception of the ‘S’ and ‘X’ commands, the command is not acted
upon until the carriage return is sensed. Therefore, you may abort any
command , before entering the carriage return, if you have typed an illegal
character.
Except where indicated otherwise, a single space is synonymous with the
comma for use as a delimiter.
Consecutive spaces or commas or a space or comma immediately
following the command letter, are illegal in all commands except the ‘X’
command.
G 2000
Control is passed to location 2000.
6.2.2
I – Insert Instructions into RAM-1
I ( Address ) ( Data )
Single instruction , or an entire user program, are entered into RAM
with the I command. After sensing the carriage return terminating the
command line , the monitor waits for the user to enter a string of
hexadecimal digits ( 0 to 9 , A to F ) . Each digit in the string is
converted to its binary value, and then loaded into memory , beginning
at the starting address specified and continuing with sequential
memory locations . Two hexadecimal digits are loaded into each byte
of memory.
6-5
6-4
Seperators between digits ( Commas, Spaces, Carriage Returns ) are
ignored, illegal characters, however will terminate the command with an
error message. (The character ESC or ALTMODE which is echoed on
the console as ‘$’ terminates the digit string.
1. Type S, followed by the hexadecimal address of the first memory
location which is displayed, followed by a space or comma.
6.2.3
3. To modify the contents of the location displayed, type in the new
data, followed by a space, comma or carriage return.
M – Move Memory Command
M ( Low Address ) ( High Address ) ( Destination )
The M command moves the contents of memory between (Low Address)
and ( High Address ) inclusive of the area of RAM beginning at
( destination ) .The contents of the field remain undistributed, unless the
receiving field overlaps the source field.
2. The contents of the location are displayed, followed by a dash (-).
If you do not wish to modify the location type only space, comma
or carriage return . The next higher memory location will
automatically be displayed as in step ( 2 ).
4. Type a carriage return. The S command will be terminated.
The move operation is performed on a Byte–by-Byte basis, beginning at
(Low Address). Care should taken if ( Destination ) is between ( Low
Address) and (High Address). For example, if l ocation 2010H contains
1A, the command M2010, 201F, 2011 will result in locations 2010H to
2020H containing ‘1A1A1A’ , and the original contents of the memory
will be lost.
The monitor will continue to move data until the source field is exhausted
or until it reaches address FFFFH. If the monitor reaches FFFFH without
exhausting, the source field, it will move data into this location and then
stop.
6.2.4
S – Substitute Memory
S ( Address ) ( Data)
The S command allows you to examine and optionally modify memory
locations individually. The command functions as follows :
6.2.5
X – Examine / Modify CPU Register Command
X ( Register Identifier )
The displaying and modification of the CPU registers are
accomplished via the X command. The X command uses (Register
Identifier) to select the particular register to be displayed. The register
identifier is asingle alphabetic character denoting a register, as defined
in table.
X command register identifiers :
Identifier code
A
B
C
D
E
F
Register
Register A
Register B
Register C
Register D
Register E
Flags Byte
6-7
6-6
The bits in the byte (F) and interrupt mask (I) are encoded as follows :
Identifier code
I
H
L
M
S
P
Register
Interrupt mask
Register H
Register L
Register H & L combined
Stack Pointer
Program Counter
The format of F register :
S
Z
X
C
X
P
X
C
Carry
Parity
Aux.Carry
Zero
The command operates as follows :
Sign X= Undefined
1. Type X, followed by a register identifier or a carriage return.
The format of I register :
2.
The contents of the register are displayed (Two hexadecimal digits for
A, B, C, D, E, F, I, H and L, four hexadecimal digits for M, S and P)
followed by a dash(-).
3.
The register can be modifiedby typing the new value, followed by a
space comma, or carriage return. If no modification is desired, type
only the space comma or carriage return.
4.
If a space or comma is typed in step (3), the next register in sequence
will be displayed as in step 2. If P was displayed the command is
terminated. If a carriage return is entered in step 3, the X command is
terminated.
5.
If a carriage return is typed in step (1) above, an annotated list of all
registers and their contents are displayed.
0
0
0
0
I
M
M
M
E
7.5
6.5
5.5
Interrupt Mask
Interrupt enable flag
6.3
PROGRAM DEBUGGING
The monitor treats the RST 1 instruction (CF) as a special sequence
initiater. When the RST 1 instruction is executed, the monitor will
automatically save the complete CPU status, and after pressing the
space bar , it outputs the sign-on message MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
on the console. Now you may display the contents of the CPU status
register by initiating the ‘X’ command. After examining the machine
status and making any changes you can resume execution of the
program by inputting ‘G’ and carriage return on the console. You can
step through large portions of your program by inserting RST 1
instructions at key location.
6-9
6-8
6.4
ERROR CONDITIONS
2.
I COMMAND EXAMPLE :
1 1 0 0 0 (CR)
0123456789A$
Each character is checked as it is entered from the console. As soon as
the monitor determines that the last character entered is illegal, it aborts
the commands and issues ‘*’ to indicate an error has occurred.
This command puts the following into RAM.
6.5
ADDRESS VALUE ERRORS
3.
Some commands require an address pair in the form of ( Low Address )
( High Address ). While these commands are used and the value of Low
address is greater than or equal to the value of high address, the action
indicated by the command will be performed on the data at low address
only.
Addresses are evaluated modulo 210 , thus if a hexadecimal address
greater than FFFFFH is entered, only the last 4 hex digits will be used.
Another type of address error may occur when you specify a part of
memory in a command which does not exit in the hardware configuration
you are using.
In general, if a nonexistent portion of memory is specified as the source
field for an instruction, the data fetched will be unpredictable. If a non
existent portion of memory is given as the distrinct field in a command,
the command effect.
6.6
M 0 0 0 0, 0 0 1 0, F 0 0 0 (CR)
Block area from 0H to 0010H (27 Bytes) is moved to RAM from
F000H. User can check it with two commands.
D0, 10 (CR) and
DF000, F020 (CR)
4.
3E- 00-05
D3-00
05-07 (CR)
The location F000H which contains 3E is unchanged. Location F001H
contains 00 is replaced with 05 , location F002H contains D3 is
replaced with 00 and F0003H contains 05, which is replaced by 07.
The user can verify it with the D command.
COMMAND EXAMPLES
AUDIO CASSETTE I/F
D COMMAND EXAMPLE :
DC5, D6 (CR)
00C5
00D0
S COMMAND EXAMPLE :
SF000
6.7
1.
M COMMAND EXAMPLE :
DA 9D 00 C3 E9
02 FE 10 CA EC
01
00
CD
32
00
02
CD
E7
Till now the full discussion was concentrated on CRT (RS232C) type
of communication interface . Additional useful interface provided on
SID and SOD lines of 8085 Microprocessor is the Audio Cassette I/F.
6-11
6-10
The System RAM is volatile, i.e. whenever the power is OFF, data is
lost.EPROM is nonvolatile storage but it is costly and consumes more
time for erasing and reburning.
Audio Cassette I/F is cheap and fast to use. You can store 30K bytes
on one side of the C60 cassette. The two commands SAVE and LOAD
in operating section explain the use of this interface. In this section the
background of this interface is discussed . A file management type of
storage is supported . A very reliable , ‘Simple Hardware Complex
Software’ type frequency modulation method is used for MF-DYNA 85.
BIT 0 2KHz
BIT 1 2KHz
If Err is displayed. It indicates :
Open area for RAM (SS-SE)
Improper formatting
Checksum mismatch
Noisy Tape recorde/ tape
BAUD RATE TABLE 6.1
(At 6,144 MHz Crystal)
8 cycles + 1KHz 2 cycles 6 ms
4 cycles + 1KHz 4 cycles 6ms
Byte Start Bit ( 0 ) bit 7 to bit 0
Bit 10*6 60ms
FILE Hexadecimal file.
1 stop
SAVE / LOAD SEQUENCE :
SS
LOAD
SYNC
1KHz
4 Sec.
FILE
NAME
1 Byte
SE
SS
2 Bytes 1Byte
CHKSUM
1 Byte
MIDSYNC DATA TAIL
SS
SYNC
2 KHz
2 Sec.
Variable 2KHz
Data
2Sec.
The data rate is 165 bps in 30 min. You can store (165 * 30 * 60) * 10
Bytes 25 K.
The Output could be connected to MIC or AUX IN of CRTs.
The total procedure for SAVING and LOADING is explained in command
chapter.
Baud Rate
Bit-Time
Half Bit
110
150
300
600
1200
4800
9600
19200
08C6
05B2
03D7
0269
02B2
0157
0129
0112
0107
04E3
03D9
026C
01A5
0159
012C
0115
0109
0104
Please note that only while using the CIN and COUT routines off line.
You have to load these HALFBIT and BITTIME.
In all other situations the AUTOBAUD software will adjust to
terminal baud rate ( Any nonstandard baud rates also ). While loading
the locations are FF9AH for HALFBIT and FFCOH for BITTIME
For 600 Baud, load the following using the SET command :
FFC0 – 69
FFC1 – 02
FF9A – A5
FF9B – 01
7-1
CHAPTER 7
FOR THE MICROFRIEND ILC USER
This manual can be utilized for the user of MICROFRIEND ILC, also
because MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 is the upgraded version of ILC
(W/P).
The differences between MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 and ILC are as
follows :
1)
2)
3)
In DYNA-85 Address, Data and Control lines are brought on to
a 50 pin FRC connector instead of the 56 pin STD connector
provided on ILC.
In DYNA-85, three 16 bit timer/ counter channels are available
onboard using the 8253 chip and it is brought on to a 10 pin
connector.
RAM sockets are provided with battery back up on DYNA-85
which is not present on the ILC.
All command, codes, keyboard functions and monitor programs of ILC
are the same as that of DYNA-85 system.
The Memory and I/O mapping are also the same as DYNA-85. Any
program written on DYNA-85 will work on ILC and vice versa,expect the
routine code related to the timer/counter of 8253.
A-1
7-2
The details of the 56 pin edge connector is given below :
APPENDIX A
Pin No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Signal
Name
+5V
+5V
GND
GND
NC
NC
AD3
AD7
AD2
AD6
AD1
AD5
AD0
AD4
A7
A15
A6
A14
A5
A13
A4
A12
A3
A11
A2
A10
A1
A9
Pin No.
Signal
Name
CONNECTOR & STRAPPING DETAILS
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
A0
A8
WR
RD
IORQ
MEMRQ
IOEXP
NC
NC
NC
S1
S0
BUSAK (HLDA)
BUSRQ (HOLD)
INTA
INTRQ
The connectors on MICROFRIEND-DYNA 85 are designated as
follows :
NMIRQ
SYSRST
PBRESET
CLK
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
+12V
-12V
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
J7
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
50 pin Edge connector with STD compatible signals
26 pin flat cable connector for 8155
26 pin flat cable cinnector 8255
26 pin flat cable connector for 8279
7 pin power supply connector
7 pin connector for serial I/O
10 pin FRC connector for 8253
Connector J1 : DYNA-85 Bus Interface
Pin No.
Signal Name Pin No.
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
+ 5V
+ 5V
GND
GND
RDY
ALE
AD3
AD7
AD2
AD6
AD1
AD5
AD0
AD4
A10
A1
A9
A0
A8
WR
RD
IORQ
IO/ M
IOEXP
IOEXP1
IOEXP2
IOEXP3
NMIRQ
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
A-3
A-2
Pin No.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Signal Name
A7
A15
A6
A14
A5
A13
A4
A12
A3
A11
A2
Pin No.
Signal Name
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
CS2
HLDA
HOLD
INTA
INTRQ
CLK
RST6.5
SYSRESET
PBRESET
RST5.5
RST7.5
Connector J2 : 8155 Connector
Connector J3 : 8255 Connector
Pin No.
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
Signal Name
PA3
PA1
VCC
PA6
PA4
PC6
PC4
PC1
PC3
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
Pin No.
Signal Name
Pin No.
Signal Name
Connector J4 : 8279 Connector
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
PA3
PA1
VCC
PA6
PA4
TIM IN
PC4
PC1
PC3
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
PA2
PA0
PA7
PA5
TIM OUT
PC5
PC0
PC2
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
Pin No.
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
Signal Name
RL0
RL2
RL4
RL6
OUT A3
OUT A1
OUT B3
OUT B1
NC
CNTL
NC
SL3
SL1
Pin No.
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Signal Name
PA2
PA0
PA7
PA5
PC7
PC5
PC0
PC2
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
Pin No.
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Signal Name
RL1
RL3
RL5
RL7
OUT A2
OUT A0
OUT B2
OUT B0
VCC
SHIFT
GND
SL2
SL0
B-1
A-4
Connector J5 : Power Supply Connector
APPENDIX B
Pin No.
Signal Name
ADD-ON CARDS FOR MICROFRIEND DYNA-85
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
GND
GND
+ 5V
+ 5V
+ 12V
-12V
NC
The MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 trainer and development system
supports various type of add-on interfacing cards like DYNA study
card, PIO cards. These cards are designed for the novice as well as
those who already know about microprocessors, to carry out
experiments for the purpose of thorough understanding of the
peripheral chips and interfacing with external world.
Connector J6 : Serial Connector
Pin No.
Signal Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NC
NC
NC
NC
TXD
RXD
GND
List of add on card supported by DYNA-85 is as follows :
1) DYNA-SERIES PERIPHERAL STUDY CARDS
Connector J7 : 8253 Connector
Pin No.
Signal Name
Pin No.
Signal Name
1
3
5
7
9
GATE 0
GATE 2
CLK 0
CLK 1
CLK 2
2
4
6
8
10
GATE 1
GND
OUT 0
OUT 1
OUT 2
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
[E]
[F]
DYNA-PIO
DYNA-PIO/1
DYNA-PIO/2
DYNA-TIMER
DYNA-SERIAL
DYNA-LBDR
:
:
:
:
:
:
[G]
[H]
[I]
DYNA-INTR
DYNA-KBDISP
DYNA-DCM
:
:
:
[J]
DYNA-TWH
:
8155 STUDY CARD
8212 STUDY CARD
8255 STUDY CARD
8253 STUDY CARD
8251 STUDY CARD
LATCH, BUFFER, DECODER,
RAM
STUDY CARD
8259 STUDY CARD
8279 STUDY CARD
DC MOTOR CONTROL
STUDY CARD
THUMBWHEEL STUDY CARD
And many more study cards will be made available in the DYNASERIES.
D-1
B-2
2)
DMS-PIO CARDS
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
[E]
[F]
[G]
[H]
HEX KEYPAD CARD.
STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER CARD.
ELEVATOR SIMULATOR CARD.
D TO A CONVERTER CARD.
A TO D CONVERTER CARD.
LOGIC INTERFACE CARD.
SERIAL DISPLAY CARD.
DIGITAL I/O SIMULATOR CARD
For further information or demonstration of the above cards with
DYNA-85, please contact us or our dealers.
APPENDIX D
MICROFRIEND DYNA-85 MONITOR LISTING
ADDRESS
NAME
0000
RST 0 COLD START
0008
004E
0066
0092
00CB
00FD
018B
01D7
01E9
01F1
0200
0215
022B
026C
028E
FUNCTION
Resets & Reinitializes
all
RST 1 WARM START Stores all CPU status
SIGNONK
Friend Message
CMMND
Keyboard command
recognizer
REG
'REG' Command entry
examine/modify
CPU registers
RUN
Execute user program
STEP
STEP/Breakpoint user
program
SET
Examine/Modify
memory
** CLEAR
Clear display. Dot as
per B flag
* CLDIS
Clear display,
Terminate command
CLDST
Subroutine for Cold
Start
DISPC
Display program
counter & contents
** ERR
Display FErr &
terminate command
** GTHEX
Get hex digits from the
keyboard as per B flag
* HXDSP
Expand hex digits for
display
ININT
Input interrupt RST 5.5
processing
D-3
D-2
ADDRESS
NAME
029F
02A8
* INSDG
NXTRG
02B7
02E7
02F7
02FA
02FC
0309
031B
0344
035F
** OUTPUT
** RDKBD
RETF
RETT
RGLOC
RGNAM
RSTOR
SETRG
MODIAD
0362
** MODADI
036B
MODIDT
036E
** MODIDT1
03FA
0408
0437
0468
0486
04D0
04F0
0514
0590
05BB
05C4
SIGNON
GETCM
DCMD
GCMD
IMCD
SCMD
SCMD
XCMD
** CIN
* CNVBN
** COUT
05EB
05F1
** CROUT
** DELAY
05F8
** ECHO
0611
061C
061F
* ERROR
FRET
** GETCH
0626
** GETHX
FUNCTION
INSERT hex digit in A into DE
Advance register pointer to next
reg.
Output characters to display
Read characters from KBD in A
Return False
Return True
Get register save location
Display register name
Restore user registers
SET Register pointer
Update address field of display
from CURAD
Update address field of display
from HL
Update address field of display
from WRDT
Update data field of display
from A
Print MICROFRIEND-I on TTY
Get commands from TTY
Display memory block
Execute user program
Insert byte into memory
Block move during memory
Examine & Modify memory
Examine & Modify registers
Gets character in A from TTY
Converts ASCII hex to Binary
Outputs ASCII character in C to
TTY
Outputs CR & CF to console
Returns when count in DE
become 0
Gets character from console &
sends it back
Outputs to console
Get a character from input
stream
Accept a string of hex digits
from input stream
ADDRESS
NAME
FUNCTION
065B
** GETNM
06A0
06C7
* HIL0
** NMOUT
06E2
06EA
PRVAL
REGDS
071B
RGADR
0732
0734
073F
SRET
STHF0
STHLF
075E
VALDG
0779
0841
085C
VALDL
CODECMD
MOVE BLOCK
088D
FILL BLOCK
08A6
COMPL CMENT
08BD
BLOCK Search
08D4
* DISPLAY
08DD
INSERT
0929
DELETE
0951
HEX-DECIMAL
Get specified count of
numbers from input
stream
Compare HL & DE
Outputs two ASCII
characters for each
number in A
Convert hex to ASCII
Display contents of
register save one
location
From a character
denoting register gets
the saved location
address
Success return
Store to lower half zero
Store into specified half
byte of DE the 4 bit
value in C
0-9 & A-F valid hex
degit check
Valid delimiter check
CODE Command
Move Block of Memory
CODE 00
Fill block of RAM with
variable CODE 01
Complement RAM
block CODE 0E
Search a given block
for variable CODE 04
Display
match/mismatch & wait
for INR
Insert a byte in a block
CODE 02
Delete a byte from a
block code 03
CODE 05 Hexadecimal
to Decimal
D-4
D-3
ADDRESS
-09D7
NAME
FUNCTION
DEC-HEX
CODE 06 Decimal to
Hex conversion
Baud Rate id, Sign,
Command
Baud Rate identification
Convert to Binary
Break point loading
Break point checking
Load SS, SE & DS
Load SS & SE
Display as per code
Check EPROM for
erasure code 0B
Load Pr (Program)type
Duplicate CODE 0A
Copy PROM into RAM
CODE 09
Checksum given
PROM CODE 'OC'
Verify RAM VS EPROM
CODE '08'
Read from COPY
PROM At a given ADR
Program given memory
block in COPY ODE 07
SS/SE and Sr. Loading
Display message like
P,V,C,D
Save from memory
block onto cassette
Output a byte in C onto
tape
Output a burst of signal
SERIAL
09E3
0A10
0A19
0A4B
0A78
0A93
0AC2
0AE6
BRID
CNVBN
TPO
SSTEP
* LDALL
LDSSE
* DTDISP
BLANKCHK
0B16
0B35
055B
Pr LOAD
DUPL
COPY
0B65
CHKSUM
0BA7
VERIFY
0BD6
* READ
0BF1
PROGRAM
0C46
0C6B
SRKD
MESG
0CB7
SAVE
0CDD
TAPEOUT
0CFC
BURST
ADDRESS
NAME
FUNCTION
0D28
LOAD
0D5C
0D84
TAPEIN
BITIN
0DAB
0DBA
0DC3
0DD9
0DF8
PRVRG
CHK
INR DCR
VALCHI
* BITSPAS
Load from cassette to
RAM
Input a byte from tape
Input a bit at a time
from Tape
Previous register
INR or DCR Check
0E0F
0E50
SRL1
* COMPARE
0E5B
0EA2
*
Validity Check
Pass Bits in serial
mode
Display Serial
Block compare
compares two blocks
SS, SE & ds
CODE OF
Guess game CODE 0D
These routines are very useful to the user & are re-explained
in the programming section
D-6
D-5
0028 C3C2FF
JMP RST 5.5
002C
002C C397FF
ORG 2CH
JMP ININT
0030
0030 C3C5FF
ORG 30H
JMP RSET6
SOFTWARE LISTING OF MICROFRIEND-DYNA-85
LOC OBJ
0000
0002
0005
0008
0008
000B
000C
000F
0010
0011
0014
0017
0018
001B
001E
001F
0020
0021
0024
0024
0028
SOURCE STATEMENT
"RESET" KEY ENTRY POINT-COLD
START RST 0 ENTRY POINT
3E00
MVI A, KMODE ;GET CONTROL
CHARACTER
D30500
OUT CTRL
;SET
KEYBOARD/DISPLAY MODE
C3F101
JMP CLDST
;GO FINISH COLD START
CLDBK
;THEN JUMP BACK HERE
ORG 8
SAVE REGISTERS
22EFFF
SHLD LSAV
;SAVE H & L
REGISTERS
E1
POP H
;GET USER PROGRAM
COUNTER
FROM TOP OF STACK
22F2FF
SHLD PSAV
;/AND SAVE IT
F5
PUSH PSW
;
E1
POP H
22EdFF
SHLD FSAV
;SAVE FLIP/FLOP &
REGISTER A
210000
LXI H, 0
;CLEAR H & L
39
DAD SP
;GET USER STACK POINTER
22F4FF
SHLD SSAV
;AND SAVE IT
21EDFF
LXI H, BSAV+1 ;SET STACK POINTER
FOR SAVING
F9
SPHL ;REMAINING REGISTERS
C5
PUSHB ;SAVE B& C
D5
PUSHD ;SAVE D & E
C33F00
JMPRES10
;LEAVE ROOM FOR
VECTORED INTERRUPTS
TIMER INTERRUPT (TRAP) ENTRY POINT (RST 4.5)-ORG 24H
C35701
JMP STP 25
;BACK TO SINGLE STEP
ROUTINE RST5 ENTRY
POINT
ORG 28H
0034 ORG 34H
0034 C3C8FF
;BRANCH TO RST 5
LOCATION IN RAM INPUT
INTERRUPT ENTRY POINT
(RST 5.5)
;BRANCH TO USER RAM RST
6 ENTRY POINT
;BRANCH TO RST 6
LOCATION IN RAM HARD
WIRED USER INTERRUPT
ENTRY POINT (RST 6.5)
JMP RESET 6.5 ;BRANCH TO RST 675
LOCATION IN RAM
0038 ORG 38H
0038 C3CBFF
JMP RSET7
003C ORG 3CH
003C C3CEFF
JMP USINT
;BRANCH TO RST 7
LOCATION IN RAM
"VECTORED INTERRUPT"
KEY ENTRY POINT(RST 7.5)
;BRANCH TO USER
INTERRUPT LOCATION IN
RAM.
RES10
; CONTINUE SAVING USER
STATUS
;GET USER INTERRUPT
STATUS AND INTERRUPT
MASK
003F 20
RIM
;GET USER INTERRUPT
STATUS AND INTERRUPT
MASK
0040 E60F
ANI 0FH
;KEEP STATUS & MAK BITS
0042 32F1FF
STA ISAV
;SAVE INTERRUPT STATUS &
MASK
0045 3E0E
MVI A, UNMASK ;UNMASK INTERRUPTS
FOR MONITOR USE
0047
30 STM
;INTERRUPTS DISABLED
WHILE MONITOR IS
RUNNING (EXCEPT WHEN
WAITING FOR INPUT)
0049
20
RIM
;TTY OR KEYBOARD
MONITOR?
004A
07
RLC
;IS TTY CONNECTED?
D-8
D-7
0048 DAD709
004E
004F
0051
0054
0057
0059
005B
005E
0061
0063
JC SERIAL
****************************************
FUNCTION ; COMMD-COMMAND RECOGNIZER
INPUTS ; NONE
OUTPUT ; NONE
CALLS ; RDKBD, ERR, SET, REG, RUN, STEP, CODE,
SAVE, LOAD DESTROYS ; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
;YES - BRANCH TO
TTY MONITOR
;NO - ENTER KEYBOARD
MONITOR
******************************************
BEGINNING OF KEYBOARD MONITOR CODE
*****************************************************
OUTPUT SIGN-ON MESSAGE
AF
XRA A
;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD
OF DISPLAY
0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD
21A063
LXI H, SGNAD ;ARG-GET ADDRESS OF
ADDRESS FIELD PORTION
OF SIGN-ON MESSAGE
CDB702
CALL OUTPUT ;OUTPUT SIGN ON MESSAGE
TO ADDRESS FIELD
3E01
MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN DATA FIELD
PORTION OF SIGN-ON
MESSAGE
21AA03
LXI H, SGNOT ;ARG-GET ADDRESS OF
DATA FIELD PORTION OF
SIGN-ON MESSAGE
CDB702
CALL OUTPUT ;O/P SIGN-ON MESSAGE TO
DATA FIELD
3E80
MVI A, EMPTY
32FEFF
STA IBUFF
;SET INPUT BUFFER EMPTY
FLAQ
0066
0069
006B
006D
006F
31E9FF
3E90
D305
3E1E
D304
0071 00
0072 CDE702
0075 010B00
0078
0078
007C
007F
0080
0081
0084
0087
008A
LXIH MNSTK
MVI A, ADISP
OUT CNTRL
MVI A, F
OUT DATA
;MONITOR SP INITIALIZED
;USE ADDRESS FIELD
;OUTPUT TO CNTRL
;PROMPT
;OUTPUT F TO START OF
ADDRESS
NOP
CALL RDKBD ;READ KEYBOARD
LXI B, NUMC ;COUNTER FOR NUMBER OF
COMMANDS IN C
210008 CMD10 LXI H, CMDTB ;GET ADDRESS OF
COMMAND TABLE
BE
CMP M
;RECOGNIZE THE COMMAND?
CA8700
JZ CMD15
;YES GO PROCESS IT
23
INX H
;NO-NEXT COMMAND TABLE
ENTRY
0D
DCR C
;END OF TABKE?
C27800
JNZ CMD10
;NO-GP CHECK NEXT ENTRY
;YES - COMMAND UNKNOWN
C31502
JMP ERR
;DISPLAY ERROR MESSAGE
AND GET ANOTHER
COMMAND
CMD15
210B08
LXI H, CMDAD ;GET ADDRESS OF
COMMAND ADDRESS TABLE
0D
DCR C
;ADJUST COMMAND
COUNTER COUNTER ACTS
AS POINTER TO COMMAND
ADDRESS TABLE
D-10
D-9
008B 09
DAD B
008C 09
DAD B ;
008D 7E
MOV A, M
008E 23
008F 66
INX H
MOV H, M
0090 6F
MOV L, A
0091 E9
PCHL
;ADD POINTER TO TABLE
ADDRESS
TWICE BECAUSE TABLE HAS
2 BYTE ENTRIES
GET LOW ORDER BYTE OF
COMMAND ADDRESS
00A3 7E
00A4 32F8FF
;GET HIGH ORDER BYTE OF
COMMAND
;PUT LOW ORDER BYTE IN L
COMMAND ROUTINE
ADDRESS IS NOW IN H & L
;BRANCH TO ADDRESS IN H
&L
00AC 0601
************************
COMMAND ROUTINES
************************
FUNCTION ; REG EXAMINE AND MODIFY REGISTERS
INPUTS ; NONE
OUTPUTS ; NONE
CALLS ; CLEAR, SETRG, ERR, RGNAM, RGLOC,
UPDDT, GTHEX, NXTRG
DESTROYS ; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S REG
0092 0601
0094
0097
009A
009D
00A0
MVI B, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD OF DISPLAY
CDD701
CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR DISPLAY
CD4403
CALL SETRG ;GET REGISTER
DESIGNATOR FROM
KEYBOARD AND SET
REGISTER/POINTER
ACCORDINGLY WAS
CHARACTER A REGISTER
DESIGNATOR
FALSE ERR
;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
AND TERMINATE COMMAND
D21502
JNC ERR
EXAM05
CD0903
CALL RGNAM ;OUTPUT REGISTER NAME
TO ADDRESS FIELD
CDFC02
CALL RGLOC ;GET REGISTER SAVE
LOCATION IN H & L
00A7 0601
00A9 CD6B03
00AE CD2B02
00B1 D2B800
00B4 CDFC02
00B7 73
00B8 FE11
00BA CAE901
00BD FE10
00BF C2E60D
00C2 CDA802
00C5 DA9D00
00C8 C3E901
MOV A, M
STA CURDT
;GET REGISTER CONTENTS
;STORE REGISTER
CONTENTS AT CURRENT
DATA
MVI B, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN DATA FIELD
CALL UPDOT ;UPDATE DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGIT-WERE ANY
DIGIT RECEIVED FALSE
EXM10;NO-DOT UPDATE
REG.CONTENT
JNC EXM10
CALL RGLOC ;YES GET REGISTER SAVE
LOCATION IN H & L
MOV M, E
;UPDATE REGISTER
CONTENTS EXAM10
CPI PERIO
;WAS LAST CHARACTER A
PERIOD ?
JZ CLDIS
;YES CLEAR DISPLAY AND
TERMINATE COMMAND
CPI COMMA ;WAS LAST CHARACTER. ?
JNZ PRRG
;NO JUMP TO PREVIOUS
REG.
CALL NXTRG ;YES ADVANCE REG.
POINTER TO NEXT REG.
ANY MORE REGISTER TRUE
EXAM05 ;YES CONTINUE
PROCESSING WITH NEXT
REGISTER
JC EXAM05
JMP CLDIS
;NO CLEAR DISPLAY AND
TERMINATE COMMAND
*************************************************
FUNCTION RUN -EXECUTE USER PROGRAM
INPUTS ; NONE
OUTPUTS ; NONE
CALLS ; DISPC, RDKBD, CLEAR, ERR, OUTPT
DESTROYS ; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
D-12
D-11
00FA C31B03
RUN
00CB CD0002
CALL DISPC
00CE CDE702
00D1 FE11
00D3 CAEC0
CALL RDKBD
CPI PERIO
JZ GIO
00D6
32FEFF
STA IBUFF
00D9
0601
MVI B, DOT
00DB
00DE
00E0
00E3
00E5
CDD701
0600
CD2B02
FE11
C21902
CALL CLEAR
MVI B, ADFLD
CALL GTHEX
CPI PERIO
JNZ ERR
00E8
EB
ECHG
00E9
22F2FF
SHLD PSAV
00EC
0600
00EE
00F1
CDD701
AF
CALL CLEAR
XRA A
00F2
0600
MVI B, NODOT
00F4
21A203
LXI H, EXMSG
00F7
CDB702
CALL OUTPT
G10
MVI B, NODOT
;DISPLAY USEER PROGRAM
COUNTER
;READ FROM KEYBOARD
;IS CHAR. IS PERIOD ?
;YES GO EXECUTE THE
COMMAND
;NO ARG CHARACTER IS IN A
;REPLACE CHARACTER IN
INPUT BUFFER
;ARG DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD
;CLEAR DISPLAY
;ARG USE ADDRESS FIELD
;GET HEX DIGITS
;WASLASTCHAR. A PERIOD
;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
AND TERMINATE COMMAND
;PUT HEX VALUE FROM
GTHEX TO H & L
;HEX VALUE IS NEW USER
PC
;YES-ARG-NO DOT IN
ADDRESS FIELD
;CLEAR DISPLAY
;ARG-USE-NO ADDRESS
FIELD OF DISPLAY
;ARG-NO DOT IN
ADDR. FIELD
;GET ADDRESS OF
EXECUTION MESSAGE
IN H & L
;DISPLAY EXECUTION
MESSAGE
JMP RSTOR
;RESTORE USER
REG.INCLUDING PROGRAM
COUNTER i.e.BEGIN
EXECUTION OF USER
PROGRAM
**************************************************************
FUCTION ; STEP-SINGLE STEP(EXECUTE 1 USER
INSTRUCTION)
INPUTS ; NONE
OUTPUTS ; NONE
CALLS ; DISPC, RDKBD, CLEAR, GTHEX, ERR
DESTROYS; A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
STEP
00FD CD0002
CALL DISPC ;DISPLAY USER
PROG.COUNTER
0100 CDE702
CALL RDKBD ;READ FROM KEYBOARD
0103 FE11
CPI PERIO
;WAS CHARACTER A
PERIOD?
0105 CAE901
JZ STP20
;YES GO TO STP20
0108 FE10
CPI COMMA ;WAS LAST CHARATER '.'?
010A CA2601
JZ CLD1S
;YES-GO SET TIMER
NO-CHARACTER FROM
KEYBOARD WAS NEITHER
PERIOD NOR COMMA
010D 32FEFF
STA IBUFF
;REPLACE THE CHARACTER
IN THE INPUT BUFFER
0110 0601
MVI A, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD
0112 CDD701
CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR DISPLAY
0115 0600
MVI B, ADFLD ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD
OF DISPLAY
0117 CD2B02
CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGIT-WERE ANY
DIGITS RECIEVED ?
FALSE ERR
;NO DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
AND TERMINATE COMMAND
011A D21502
JNC ERR
D-14
D-13
011D EB
XCHG
;HEX VALUE FROM GTHEX TO HL
011E 22F2FF SHLDX PSAV ;HEX VALUE IN NEW USER PC
0121 FE11 CPI PERIO
;WAS LAST CHAR. FROM GTHEX A
PERIOD ?
0123 C4190A CNZ STP0
;NO-GO TO CHECK BREAK
0126 3AF1FF STP20 LDA ISAV
;GET USER INTERRUPT
MASK
0129 E608 ANI 08H
;KEEP INTERRUPT STATUS
012B 32FDFF STA TEMP
;SAVE USER INTERRUPT
STATUS
012E 2AF2FF LHLD PSAV ;GET USER PC
0131 7E
MOV A, M
;GET USER INSTRUCTION
0132 FEF3 CPI (DI)
;DI INSTRUCTION ?
0134 C23B01 JNZ STP21 ;NO
0137 AF
XRA A
;YES-RESET USER INTR.
STATUS
0138 C34201 STP21 JMP STP22
013B FEFB CPI (EI)
;EI INSTRUCTION ?
013D C24501 JNZ STP23
;NO
0140 3E08 MVI A,08H
;YES SET USER INTR. STATUS
0142 32FDFF STP22 STA TEMP ;SAVE NEW USER INTR
STATUS
0145 3E40 MVI A,(TIMER SHR8);HIGH ORDER BITS OF
TIME OR TMODE VALUE
OR'ED WITH MODE
0147 D30D OUT TIMHI
0149 3EC5 MVI A,TIMER AND 0FFH;LOW ORDER BITS
OFTIMER VAL
014B D30C OUT TIMLO
014D 3AFFFF LDA USCSR ;GRT USER IMAGE OF WHAT'S
IN CSR
0150 F6C0 ORI TSTRT
;SET TIMER COMMAND BITS
TO START TIMER
0152 D308 OUT CSR
;START TIMER
0154 C31B03 JMP RSTOR ;RESTORE USER REGISTERS
0157 F5 STP25 PUSH PSW ;BRANCH HERE WHEN TIMER
INTERRUPTS AFTER 1 USER INSTR
0158 3AFFFF LDA USCSR ;GET USER IMAGE WHAT'S IN
SCR
015B E63F ANI 3FH
;CLEAR TWO HIGH ORDER
BITS
015D F640 ORI 40H
;SET TIMER STOP BIT
015F DE08 OUT CSR
;STOP TIMER
0161 F1
0162 22EFFF
0165 E1
POP PSW
SHLD PSAV
POP H
;RETRIEVE PSW
;SAVE H & L
;GET USER PROGRAM
COUNTER FROM TOP OF
THE STACK
0166
0169
016A
016B
016E
0171
0172
SHLD PSAV
PUSH PSW
POP H
SHLD PSAV
LXI H, 0H
DAD SP
SHLD SSAV
;SAVE USER PC
22F2FF
F5
E1
22EDFF
210000
39
22F4FF
0175 21EDFF
0178
F9
0179 C5
017A D5
017B 20
017C E607
017E 21FDFF
0181 B6
0182 32F1FF
0185 3E0E
0187 30
0188 C34B0A
;SAVE FLIP\FLOP & A REG.
;CLEAR H & L
;GET USER STACK POINTER
;SAVE USER STACK
POINTER
LXI H, BSAV+1 ;SET MONITOR STACK
POINTER
SPHL ;SAVING REMAINING USER
REG
PUSH B
;SAVE B & C
PUSH D
;SAVE D & C
RIM
;GET USER INTERRUPT
MASK
ANI 07H
;KEEP MASK BITS
LXI H, TEMP ;GET USER INTERRUPT
STATUS
ORA M
;OR IT INTO MASK
STA ISAV
;SAVE INTR. STATUS& MASK
MVI A, UNMASK;UNMASK INTERRUPT
FOR MONITOR USE
SIM
JMP SSTEP
;GO GET READY FOR
ANOTHER INSTR.
D-16
D-15
***************************************************
FUNCTION : SET-SUBSTITUTE MEMORY
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : CLEAR, GTHEX, UPADD, UPDDT, ERR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
SET
018B 0601
018D CDD701
0190 0600
MVI B, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN ADDR. FIELD
CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR THE DISPALY
MVI B, ADFLD ;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD
OF DISPLAY
0192 CD2B02
CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGITS-WERE ANY
DIGIT RECIEVED
FALSE ERR
;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
AND
0195 D21502
JNC ERR
;TERMINATE COMMAND
0198 EB
XCHG
;ASSIGN HEX VALUE
RETURNED BY GTHEX TO
CURRENT ADDR.
0199 22F6FF
SHLD CURAD
019C CDBA0D SUB05 CALL CHK ;CALL CHK ROUTINE
019F 000000
NOP
01A1 0600 SUB
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDR.
FIELD
01A3 CD5F03
CALL UPDAD ;UPDATE ADDR.FIELD OF
DISPLAY
01A6 2AF6FF
LHLD CURAD ;GET CURRENT ADDR. IN H &
L
01A9 7E
MOV A, M
;GET DATA BYTE POINTED
TO BY CURRENT ADDRESS
01AA 32F8FF
STA CURDT ;STORE DATA BYTE AT
CURRENT DATA
01AD 0601
MVI B, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN DATA FIELD
01AF CD6B03
CALL UPDDT ;UPDATE DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
01B2 0601
MVI B, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD
01B4 CD2B02
CALL GTHEX ;GET HEX DIGITS-WERE ANY
HEX DIGITS RECIEVED?
01B7 F5
PUSH PSW
;SAVE LAST CHARACTER
FALSE SUB10 ;NO LEAVE DATA
UNCHANGED
01B8 D2C401
JNC SUB10
;AT CURRENT ADDRESS
01BB 2AF6FF
LHLD CURAD ;YES-GET CURRENT
ADDRESS IN H & L
01BE 73
MOV M, E
;STORE NEW DATA AT
CURRENT ADDRESS
MAKE SURE DATA WAS ACTUALLY STORED IN CASE
CURRENT ADDRESS IN ROM OR IS NON-EXISTANT
01BF 7B
MOV A, E
;DATA FOR A COMPARISON
01C0 BE
CMP M
;WAS DATA STORED
CORRECTLY
01C1 C21502
JNZ ERR
;NO DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
AND TERMINATE COMMAND
01C4 C3C30D
SUB10 JMP INRDCR ;INCREMENT
DECREMENT CHECK
01C7 22F6FF
SUB20 SHLD CURAD
01CA C3A101
JMP SUB
;RETRIEVE LAST
CHARACTER
01CF FE11 SUB15 CPI PERIO
;WAS LAST CHARACTER '.'?
01D1 C21502
JNZ ERR
;NO-DISPLAY ERROR MSG.
AND TERMINATE COMMAND
01D4 C3E901
JMP CLDIS
;YES-CLEAR DISPALY AND
TERMINATE COMMAND
D-17
**********************************************
UTILITY ROUTINES
**********************************************
FUNCTION : CLEAR-CLEAR THE DISPLAY
INPUTS : B-DOT FLAG 1 - MEANS DOT IN ADDR. FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0 - MEANS NO DOT
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : OUTPT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F\F'S
DESCRIPTION :
CLEAR SENDS BLANK CHARACTERS
TO BOTH THE ADDRESS & DATA
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY.IF THE
DOT FLAG IS SET THEN A DOT WILL
APPEAR AT THE RIGHT EDGE OF
THE ADDRESS FIELD.
CLEAR
01D7 AF
XRA A ;ARG-USEADDRESS FIELD OF
DISPLAY ARG-FLAG FOR DOT IN
ADDR. FIELD IN B
01D8 219A03
LXI H, BLNKS ;ARG-ADDRESS OF BLANKS
FOR DISPLAY
01DB CDB702
CALL OUTPT ;O/P BLANKSTOADDR.FIELD
01DE 3E01
MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD FOR
DISPLAY
01E0 0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-USE NO DOT IN DATA
FIELD
01E2 219A03
LXI H, BLNKS ;ARG-ADDRESS OF BLANKS
FOR DISPLAY
01E5 CDB702
CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT BLANKS TO DATA
FIELD
01E8 C9
RET
;RETURN
D-18
*******************************************************************
FUNCTION : CLDIS-CLEAR DISPLAY AND TERMINATE
COMMAND
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : CLEAR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
CLDIS IS JUMPED TO BY COMMAND
ROUTINES WISHING TO TERMINATE
NORMALLY. CLDIS CLEARS THE
DISPLAY AND BRANCHES TO THE
COMMAND RECOGNISER.
01E9 0600 CLDIS MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDR.
FIELD
01EB CDD701
CALL CLEAR ;CLEAR THE DISPLAY
01EE C36600
JMP COMMAND
;GO GET ANOTHER
COMMAND
****************************************************
FUNCTION : CLDST -COLD START
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A
DESCRIPTION :
CLDST IS JUMPED BY THE MAIN
COLD START
PROCEDURE,COMPLETES COLD
START INITIALIZATION
AND JUMPS BACK TO THE MAIN
COLD START PROCEDURE.
CLDST
01F1 3EC0
MVI A, KBINT ;GET CONTROL CHAR.
01F3 D30500
OUT CNTRL ;INITIALIZE KEYBOARD/
DISPLAY BLANKING
01F7 3E00
MVI A, CSNIT ;INITIAL VALUE OF
COMMAND STATUS REG.
01F8 D308
OUT CSR
;INITIALIZE CSR
01FA 32FFFF
STA USCSR ;INITIALIZE USER CSR VALUE
01FD C32B0E
JMP CLD0
;BACK TO MAIN PROCEDURE
D-19
***************************************************************
FUNCTION : DISPC-DISPLAY PROGRAM COUNTER
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : UPDAD,UPDDT
DESTYROYS: A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F\F'S
DESCRIPTION :
DISPC- DISPLAYS THE USER
PROGRAM COUNTER IN ADDRESS
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY,WITH A DOT
AT THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE
FIELD.THE BYTE OF DATA
ADDRESSED BY THE PROGRAM
COUNTER IS DISPLAYED IN THE
DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY
DISPC
0200 2AF2FF
LHLD PSAV
;GET USER PROGRAM
COUNTER
0203 22F6FF
SHLD CURAD ;MAKE IT THE CURRENT
ADDRESS
0206 7E
MOV A, M
;GET THE INSTRUCTION
AT THAT ADDRESS
0207 32F8FF
STA CURDT ;MAKE IT THE CURRENT
DATA
020A 0601
MVI B, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD
020C CD5F03
CALL UPDAD ;UPDATE ADDRESS FIELD OF
DISPLAY
020F 0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN DATA FIELD
0211 CD6B03
CALL UPDDT ;UPDATE DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0214 C9
RET
D-20
*********************************************
FUNCTION : ERR-DISPLAY ERROR MASSEGE
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALL : OUTPT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F\F'S
DESCRIPTION :
ERR IS JUMPED TO BY COMMAND
ROUTINES WISHING TO TERMINATE
BECAUSE OF AN ERROR ERR
OUTPUTS AN ERROR MESSEGS TO
THE DISPLAY AND BRANCHES TO
THE COMMAND RECOGNISER.
ERR
0215 AF
XRA A
;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD
0216 0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDRESS
FIELD
0218 219E03
LXI H, ERMSG ;ARG-ADDRESS OF ERROR
MESSAGE
021B CDB702
CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGE
TO ADDRESS FIELD
021E 3E01
MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD
0220 0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN DATA FIELD
0222 219A03
LXI H, BLNKS ;ARG-ADDRESS OF BLANKS
FOR
0225 CDB702
CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT BLANKS TO DATA
FOR DISPLAY
0228 C36600
JMP CMMND ;GO GET A NEW COMMAND
D-22
D-21
********************************************
FUNCTION : GTHEX-GET HEX DIGITS
INPUTS : B - DISPLAY FLAG -0 MEANS USE ADDRESS
FIELD OF DISPLAY
1 - MEANS USE DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY
OUTPUTS : A - LAST CHARACTER READ FROM KEYBOARD
DE - HEX DIGITS FROM KEYBOARD EVALUATED
MODULO 2**16
CARRY - SET IF AT LEAST ONE VALID HEX
DIGIT WAS READ RESET OTHERWISE
CALLS
: RDKBD, INSDG, HXDSP, OUTPT
DESTROYS: A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F\F'S
DESCRIPTION :
GTHEX ACCEPTS A STRING OF HEX
DIGITS FROM THE KEYBOARD,
DISPLAYS THEM AS THEY ARE
RECIEVED AND RETURNS THEIR
VALUE AS A 16 BIT INTEGER. IF
MORE TAHN 4 HEX DIGITS ARE
RECIEVED ONLY THE LAST 2 HEX
DIGITS ARE DISPLAYED IN THE
DATA OF THE DISPLAY. IN EITHER
CASE,A DOT WILL BE DISPLAYED AT
THE RIGHTMOST EDGE OF THE
FIELD. A CHARACTER WHICH IS
NOT A HEX DIGIT TERMINATES
THE STRING AND IS RETURNED AS
AN OUTPUT OF THE FUCTION. IF
THE TERMINATORS IS NOT A
PERIOD OR A COMMA THEN ANY
HEX DIGITS WHICH MAY HAVE
RECIEVED ARE CONSIDERED TO BE
INVALID. THE FUNCTION RETURNS
A FLAG INDICATING WHETHER
OR NOT ANY VALID HEX DIGITS
WERE RECIEVED.
022B 0E00
022D C5
022E 110000
0231 D5
0232 CDE702
GTHEX MVI C, 00 ;RESET HEX DIGIT
FLAG
PUSH B
;SAVE DISPLAY AND HEX
DIGIT FLAGS
LXI D, 0
;SET HEX VALUE TO ZERO
PUSH D
;SAVE HEX VALUE
GTH05 CALL RDKBD ;READ KEYBOARD
0235 FE10
0237 D25502
CPI 10H
JNC GTH20
;IS CHAR. A HEX DIGIT?
;NO-GO CHECK FOR
TERMINATOR.
YES-ARG-NEW HEX DIGIT IS
IN A
023A D1
POP D
;ARG-RETRIEVE HEX VALUE
023B CD9F02
CALL INSDG ;INSERT NEW DIGIT IN HEX
VALUE
023E C1
POP B
;RETRIEVE DISPLAY FLAG
023F 0301
MVI C, 1
;SET HEX DIGIT FLAG i.e.
HEX DIGIT HAS BEEN READ
0241 C5
PUSH B
;SAVE DISPLAY AND HEX
DIGIT FLAGS
0242 D5
PUSH D
;SAVE HEX VALUE
0243 78
MOV A, B
;TEST DISPLAY FLAG
0244 0F
RRC
;SHOULD ADDRESS FIELD
FIELD OF DISPLAY BE USED
0245 D24902
JNC GTH10
;YES-USE HEX VALUE AS IS
NO-ONLYLOWORDER BYTE
OF HEX VALUE SHOULD BE
USED FOR DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0248 53
MOV D, E
;PUT LOW ORDER BYTE OF
HEX VALUE IN D
ARG-HEX VALUE TO BE
EXPANDED IN D & E
0249 CD6C02
GTH10 CALL HXDSP ;EXPAND HEX VALUE
FOR DISPLAY ARGADDRESS OF EXPANDED
HEX VALUE IN H & L
024C 78
MOV A, B
;ARG-PUT DISPLAY FLAG IN
A
024D 0601
MVI B, DOT
;ARG-DOT IN APPROPRIATE
FIELD
024F CDB702
CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT HEX VALUETO
DISPLAY
0252 C33202
JMP GTH05
;GOGETNEXT CHARACTER
;LAST CHAR WAS NOT A HEX
DIGIT
0255 D1
GTH20 POP D
;RETRIEVE A HEX VALUE
0256 C1
POP B
;RETRIEVE HEX DIGIT FLAG
IN C
0257 C33202
JMP VALCH
;VALIDITY CHECK
D-24
D-23
025A 0000
025C FE11
025E CA6702
0261
0264
0267
0268
0269
026A
110000
C3F702
47
79
0F
78
026B C9
NOP
CPI PERIO
JZ GTH25
;YES-READY TO RETURN
;NO-WAS LAST CHAR. '.'?
;YES READY TO RETURN
`NO-INVALID TERMINATORIGNORE ANY HEX DIGIT
READ
LXI D, 0
;SET HEX VALUE TO ZERO
JMP RETF
;RETURN FALSE
GTH25 MOV B, A ;SAVE LAST CHARACTER
MOV A, C
;FHIFT HEX DIGIT FLAG TO
RRC
;CARRY BIT
MOV A, B
;RESTORE LAST
CHARACTER
RET
;RETTURN
***************************************************
FUNCTION : HXDSP-EXPAND HEX DIGITS FOR DISPLAY
INPUTS : DE-4 HEX DIGITS
OUTPUTS : HL-ADDRESS OF OUTPUT BUFFER
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
HXDSP EXPANDS EACH INPUT BYTE
TO 2 BYTE IN A FORM SUITABLE
FOR DISPLAY BY THE OUTPUT
ROUTINES.EACH HEX DIGIT IS
PLACED IN THE LOW ORDER 4 BITS
OF A BYTE WHOSE HIGH ORDER 4
BITS ARE SET TO ZERO. THE
RESULTING BYTE IS STORED
IN THE OUTPUT BUFFER THE
FUNCTION RETURNS THE
ADDRESS OF THE OUTPUT BUFFER.
HXDSP
026C 7A
MOV A, D
;GET FIRST DATA BYTE
026D 0F
RRC
026E
026F
0270
0271
0273
RRC
RRC
RRC
ANI 0FH
LXI H, BUFF
0F
0F
0F
E60F
21F9FF
0276 77
MOV M, A
0277 7A
MOV A, D
0278
027A
027B
027C
027D
027E
027F
0280
0281
0283
0284
0285
E60F
23
77
7B
0F
0F
0F
0F
E60F
23
77
7B
ANI 0FH
INX H
MOV M, A
MOV A, E
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
ANI 0FH
INX H
MOV M, A
MOV A, E
0286
0288
0289
028A
E60F
23
77
21F9FF
028D C9
;CONVERT 4 HIGH ORDER
BITS TO A SINGLE
CHARACTER
;GET ADDR.OF OUTPUT
BUFFER
;STORE CHAR.IN O/P
BUFFER
;GET FIRST DATA BYTE AND
CONVERT 4 LOW ORDER
BITS TO A SINGLE
CHARACTER.
;NEXT BUFFER POSITION
;STORE CHAR.IN BUFFER
;GET SECOND DATA BYTE
;CONVERT 4 HIGH ORDER
;BITS TO A SINGLE CHAR.
;NEXT BUFFER POSITION
;STORE CHAR. IN BUFFER
;GET SECOND DATA BYTE &
;CONVERT LOW ORDER 4
BIT
ANI 0FH
;TO A SINGLE CHARACTER
INX H ;NEXT BUFFER POSITION
MOV M, A
;STORE CHAR. IN BUFFER
LXI H, OBUFF ;RETURN ADDRESS OF
OUTPUT
RET
;BUFFER IN H & L
D-26
D-25
028E
0290
0292
0294
0297
DB05 INBYTE
E607
FE00
CA8E02
3E40
IN, STATUS
ANI,07
CPI,00
JZ,INBYTE
MVI A,40H
0299 D305
029B DB04
OUT 05H
IN,DATA
029D C9
029E FF
RET
;GET 8279 FIFO
;STATUS & KEEP
;COUNT
;IF NO ENTRY WAIT
;IF ENTRY OF
KEYBOARD IN
;FIFO
;THEN GET BYTE IN
ACC.
;BLANK
****************************************************************
FUNCTION : INSDG-INSERT HEX DIGIT
INPUTS : A - HEX DIGIT TO BE INSERTED
DE - HEX VALUE
OUTPUTS : DE - HEX VALUE WITH DIGIT INSERTED
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
INSDG SHIFTS THE CONTENTS OF D
& E. LEFT 4 BITS (1 HEX DIGIT) &
INSERTS THE HEX DIGIT INA. THE
LOW ORDER DIGIT POSITION OF
THE RESULT. A IS ASSUMED TO
CONTAIN A SINGLE HEX DIGIT IN
THE LOW ORDER 4 BITS AND
ZEROS IN THE HIGH ORDER
4 BITS.
*****************************************************************
029F
02A0
02A1
02A2
02A3
02A4
02A5
02A6
02A7
EB
29
29
29
29
85
6F
EB
C9
XCHG ;PUT D & E IN H & L
DAD H
DAD H
DAD H
DAD H
ADD L ;INSERT LOW ORDER DIGIT
MOV L, A
XCHG ;PUT H & L IN D & E
RET
********************************************************
FUNCTION : NXTRG - ADVANCE REGISTER POINTER TO
NEXT REG.
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : CARRY - 1 IF POINTER IS AADVANNCE
SUCCESSFULLY
0 OTHERWISE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
IF THE REG.POINTER POINTS TO
THE LAST REG.
IN THE EXAMINE REG. SEQUENCE,
THE POINTER
IS NOT CHANGED AND THE
FUNCTION RETURNS FALSE.
IF THE REG. POINTER DOES NOT
POINT TO THE LAST
REG. THEN THE POINTER IS
ADVANCED TO THE NEXT
REG. IN THE SEQUENCE & THE
FUNCTION RETURNS TRUE.
NXTRG
02A8 3AFDFF
LDA RDPTR
;GET REG. POINTER
02AB FE0C
CPI NUMRG-1 ;DOES POINTER POINT TO
LAST REGISTER
02AD D2F702
JNC RETF
;YES-UNABLE TO ADVANCE
POINTER RETURN ELSE
02B0 3C
INR A
;NO ADVANCE REG.POINTER
02B1 32FDFF
STA RGPTR ;SAVE REGISTER POINTER
02B4 C3FA02
JMP RETT
;RETURN TRUE
D-28
D-27
02C4 3E94
****************************************************
FUNCTION : OUTPUT - O/P CHARACTER TO DISPLAY
INPUTS : A - DISPLAY FLAG 0=USE ADDRESS FIELD
1 = USE DATA FIELD
B - DOT FLAG 1 = O/P DOT AT RIGHT EDGE OF
FIELD
0 = NO DOT
HL - ADDRESS OF CHARACTER TO BE OUTPUT
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
OUTPUT SENDS CHARCTERS TO
THE DISPLAY. THE ADDRESS
OF THE CHARACTER IS RECIEVED
AS AN ARGUMENT EITHER
2 CHARACTERS ARE SENT TO THE
DATA FIELD,OR 4 CHARACTERS
ARE SENT TO THE ADDRESS FIELD
? DEPANDING ON THE DISPLAY
FLAG ARGUMENT THE DOT FLAG
ARGUMENT DETERMINES
WHETHER OR NOT A DOT (DECIMAL
POINT) WILL BE SENT ALONGWITH
THE LAST OUTPUT CHARACTER.
OUTPT
02B7 0F
RRC ;USE DATA FIELD?
02B8 DAC202
JC OUT05;YES-GO SET UP TO USE DATA
FIELD
02BB 0E04
MVI C, 4
;NO-COUNT FOR ADDR.
FIELD
02BD 3E90
MVI A, ADISP ;CONTROL CHARCTER FOR
OUTPUT TO ADDRESS FIELD
OF DISPLAY
02BF C3C602
JMP OUT10
02C2 0E02
OUT05 MVI C, 2;COUNT FOR DATA FIELD
MVI A, DDISP
02CC6 D30500 OUT10 OUT CNTRL
02C9 7E
OUT15 MOV A, M
02CA EB
XCHG
02CB 217803 LXI H, DSPTB
02CE 85
ADD L
02CF 6F
02D0 7E
MOV L, A
MOV A, M
02D1 61
MOV H, C
02D2 25
DCR H
02D3 C2DC02 JNZ OUT20
02D6 05
DCR B
02D7 C2DC02 JNZ OUT20
02DA F601
ORI DTMSK
02DC 00
OUT20 NOP
02DD D30400 OUT DSPLY
02E0 EB
XCHG
02E1 23
INX H
02E2 0D
DCR C
02E3 C2C902 JNZ OUT15
02E6 C9
RET
;CONTROL CHARACTER FOR
O/P TO DATA FIELD OF
DISPLAY
;GET O/P CHARACTER
;SAVE O/P CHARACTER
ADDRESS IN D & E
;GET DISPLAY FORMAT
TABLE ADDRESS
;USE O/P CHARACTER AS A
POINTER TO DISPLAY
FORMAT TABLE
;GETDISPLAYFORMAT
CHARACTER FROM TABLE
;TEST COUNTER WITHOUT
CHANGING IT
;IS THIS THE LAST
CHARACTER
;NO-GO OUTPUT CHAR.
AS IS
;YES-IS DOT FLAG SET?
;NO-GO OUTPUT CHAR.
AS IS
;YES-ORINMASKTO DISPLAY
DOT WITH LAST CHARACTER
;SEND CHARACTER TO
DISPLAY
;RETRIEVE O/P
CHAR.ADDRESS
;NEXT O/P CHARACTER
;ANY MORE O/P CHARACTER
;YES-GO PROCESS
ANOTHER CHARACTER
;NO-RETURN
D-30
D-29
****************************************************
FUNCTION : RDKBD-READ KEYBOARD
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : A - CHARCATER READ FROM KEYBOARD
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
RDKBD DETERMINES WHETHER OR
NOT THERE IS A CHARACTER IN
THE INPUFT BUFFER IF NOT THE
FUNCTION ENABLES INTERRUPTS
AND LOOPS UNTIL THE INPUT
INTERRUPT ROUTINE STORES A
CHARACTER IN THE BUFFER.WHEN
THE BUFFER CONTAINS A
CHARACTER,THE FUNCTION FLAGS
THE BUFFER AS EMPTY AND
RETURNS THE CHARACTER AS
OUTPUT.
RDKBD
02E7 21FFFF
LXI H,IBUFF
02EA 7E
MOV A, M
02EB B7
ORA A
;IF HIGHER ORDER BIT
02EC F2F302
JP RDKIO
;ONE THEN
02EF F3
DI
;BUFFER EMPTY,DISABLE
INT.
02F0 CD8E02
CALL INBYT ;INPUT BYTE
02F3 3680
RDKIO MVI M, EMPTY ;SET B
02F5 FB
EI
02F6 C9
RET
*******************************************************
FUNCTION : RETF-RETURN FALSE
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : CARRY =0 FALSE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : CARRY
DESCRIPTION :
RETF IS JUMPED TO BY FUNCTIONS
WISHING TO RETURN FALSE.RETF
RESETS CARRY TO 0 AND RETURNS
TO THE CALLER OF THE ROUTINE
INVOKING RETF.
RETF
02F7 37
STC
;SET CARRY TRUE
02F8 3F
02F9
CMC
RET
;COMPLEMENT CARRY TO MAKE
;IT FALSE
*******************************************************
FUNCTION : RETT-RETURN TRUE
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : CARRY=1 TRUE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : CARRY
DESCRIPTION :
RETT IS JUMPED TP BY ROUTINES
WISHING TO RETURN TRUE. RETT
SETS CARRY TO 1 AND RETURNS
TO THE CALLER OF THE ROUTINE
INVOKING RETT.
RETT
02FA 37
STC
;SET CARRY TRUE
02FB C9
RET
********************************************************
FUNCTION : RGLOC-GET REGISTER SAVE LOCATION
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : HL-REGISTER SAVE LOCATION
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : B, C, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
RGLOC RETURNS THE SAVE
LOCATION OF THE REG.
INDICATED BY THE CURRENT
REGISTER POINTER VALUE.
RGLOC
02FC 2AFDFF
LHLD RGPTR ;GET REG. POINTER
02FF 2600
MVI H, 0
;IN H AND L
0301 01ED03
LXI B, RGTBL ;GET REG.SAVE
LOCATION TABLE
ADDRESS
0304 09
DAD B
;POINTER INDEXES
TABLE
0305 6E
MOV L, M
;GET LOW ORDER
BYTE OF REGISTER
SAVE LOCATION
0306 26FF
MVI H,(RAMST SHR B) ;GET HIGH
ORDER BYTE OF
0308 C9
RET
;REGISTER SAVE
LOCATION
D-31
0309
030C
030E
030F
0310
0313
0314
0315
0317
031A
***********************************************************
FUNCTION : RGNAM-DISPLAY REGISTER NAME
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : OUTPT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
RGNAM DISPLAYS IN THE ADDRESS
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY, THE
REGISTER NAME CORRESPONDING
TO THE CURRENT REGISTER
POINTER VALUE.
RGNAM
2AFDFF LHLD RGPTR ;GET REGISTE POINTER
2600
MVI H, 0
29
DAD H
;MULTIPLY POINTERVALUE BY 4
29
DAD H
;REG. NAME TABLE HAS 4 BYTE
ENTRIES)
01B903 LXI B, NMTABL ;GET ADDRESS OF START OF
REGISTER NAME TABLE
09
DAD B
;ARG-ADD TABLE ADDRESS TO
POINTER-RESULT IS ADDRESS OF
APPROPRIATE REG.NAME IN H & L
AF
XRA A
;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0600
MVI B, NODOT ;ARG-NO DOT IN ADDR.FIELD
CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT REGISTER NAME TO
C9
RET
ADDRES FIELD
D-32
********************************************************
FUNCTION : RSTOR-RESTORE USER REGISTER
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
RSTOR RESTORES SALL CPU
REGISTERS,FLIP/FLOPS,
INTERUPT STATUS, INTERRUPT,
STACK POINTER AND PROGRAM
COUNTER FROM THEIR
RESPACTIVE SAVE LOCATION IN
MEMORY,BY RESTORING THE
PROGRAM COUNTER,THE
ROUTINE EFFECTIVELY TRANSFERS
CONTROL TO THE ADDRESS IN THE
PROGRAM COUNTER SAVE
LOCATION.THE TIMING OF THIS
ROUTINE IS CRITICAL TO THE
CORRECT OPERATION OF THE
SINGLE STEP ROUTINE.
IF ANY MODIFICATION CHANGES
THE NUMBER OF CPU STATUS
NEEDED TO EXECUTE THE
ROUTINE THEN THE TIMER VALUE
MUST BE ADJUSTED BYTHE SAME
NUMBER.THIS IS ALSO ENTRY
POINT FOR THE TTY MONITOR
TO RESTORE THE REGISTER.
RSTOR
031B 3AF1FF
LDA ISAV
;GET USER INTERRUPT
MASK
031E F618
ORI 18H
;ENABLE SETTING OF
INTERRUPT MASK AND
RESET RST7.5 FLIP FLOP
D-34
D-33
0320 30
SIM
0321 3AF1FF
0324 E608
LDA ISAV
ANI 08H
0326 CA2D03
0329 FB
JZ RST05
EI
032A C33103
032D 37
JMP RSR10
RSR05 STC
032E D23103
0331 21E9FF
0334 F9
0335
0336
0337
0338
033B
033C
033F
D1
C1
F1
2AF4FF
F9
2AF2FF
E5
0340 2AEFFF
0343 C9
CONVERTED TO THE
CORROSPONDING
REGISTER POINTER
VALUE, THE POINTER IS
SAVED, AND THE FUNCTION
RETURNS
'TRUE'.OTHERWISE,THE
FUNCTION RETURNS'FALSE'
;RESTORE USER INTERRUPT MASK
RESTORE USER INTERUPT STATUS
;GET USER INTERRUPT MASK
;SHOULD USER INTERRUPT BE
ENABLED
;NO-LEAVE INTERRUPT DISABLED
;YES-ENABLE INTERRUPT FOR
USER PROGRAM
;DUMMY INSTRUCTION-WHEN
SINGLE STEP ROUTINE IS BEING
USED,THE
LNC RSR10
;TIMER IS RUNNING AND EXECUTE
TIME FOR THIS ROUTINE MUST NOT
VARY
RSR10 LXI H, MNSTK ;SET MONITOR STACK
POINTER TO START OF STACK
SPHL
;WHICH IS ALSO END OF REGISTER
SAVE AREA
POP D
;RESTORE REGISTERS
POP B
POP PSW
LHLD SSAV
;RESTORE USER STACK POINTER
SPHL
LHLD PSAV
PUSH H
;PUT USER PROGRAM COUNTER ON
STACK
LHLD LSAV
;RESTORE H & L REGISTERS
RET
;JUMP TO USER PROGRAM
COUNTER
********************************************************
FUNCTION : SETRG-SET REGISTER POINTER
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : CARRY-SET IF CHARACTER FROM KEYBOARD
IS A REGISTER DESIGNATOR RESET
OTHERWISE.
CALLS : RDKBD
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :SETRG - READS A CHARACTER FROM THE
KEYBOARD IF THE CHARACTER IS A
REGISTER DESIGNATOR, IT IS
SETRG
0344 CDE702
0347 FE11
0349 D2F702
034C D603
034E
0351
0352
0354
DAF702
4F
0600
21AC03
0357 09
0358 7E
0359 32FDFF
035C C3FA02
CALL RDKBD ;READ FROM KEYBOARD
CPI 10H
;IS CHARACTER A DIGIT?
JNC RETF
;NO-RETURN FALSECHARACTER IS NOT
A REGISTER DESIGNATOR
SUI 3
;YES-TRY TO CONVERT
REGISTER DESIGNATOR TO
INDEX INTO REGISTER
POINTER TABLE WAS
CONVERSION SUCCESSFU?
JC RETF
;NO-RETURN FALSE
MOV C, A
;INDEX TO B & C
MVI B, 0
LXIH, RGPTB ;GET ADDRESS OF
REGISTER POINTER TABLE
DAD B
;INDEX POINTS INTO TABLE
MOV A, M
;GET REGISTER POINTER
FROM TABLE
STA RGPTR ;SAVE REGISTER POINTER
JMP RETT
;RETURN TRUE
********************************************************
FUNCTION : MODIAD-UPDATE ADDRESS FIELD OF
DISPLAY
INPUTS : B - DOTFLAG - 1 MEANS PUT DOT AT
RIGHTEDGEOF FIELD
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : HXDSP,OUTPT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
UPDAD UPDATES THE ADDRESS
FIELD OF THE DISPLAY USING THE
CURRENT ADDRESS
D-36
D-35
MODIAD
035F 2AF6FF LHLD CURAD ;GET CURRENT ADDRESS
0362 EB
XCHG
;ARG-PUT CURRENT IN D & E
0363 CD6C02 CALL HXDSP ;EXPAND CURRENT ADDRESS FOR
DISPALY. ARG-ADDRESS OF
EXPANDED ADDRESS IS IN H & L
0366 AF
XRA A
;ARG-USE ADDRESS FIELD OF
DISPLAY
0367 CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT CURRENT ADDRESS TO
ADDRESS FIELD
036A C9
RET
036B
036E
036F
0372
0374
0377
0378
********************************************************
FUNCTION : MODIDT - UPDATE DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY
INPUTS : B - DOT FLAG - 1 MEANS PUT DOT AT RIGHT OF
FIELD
0 MEANS NO DOT
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : HXDSP,OUTDT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F, S
DESCRIPTION :
UPDDT UPDATES THE DATA FIELD
OF THE DISPLAY
USING THE CURRENT DATA BYTE
UPDDT:
3AF8FF LDA CURDT ;GET CURRENT DATA
57
MOV D, A
;ARG-PUT CURRENT DATA IN D
CD6C02 CALL HXDSP ;EXPAND CURRENT DATA FOR
DISPLAY. ARG-ADDRESS OF
EXPANDED DATA IS IN H & L.
3E01
MVI A, DTFLD ;ARG-USE DATA FIELD OF DISPLAY
ARG-DOT FLAG IS IN B
CDB702 CALL OUTPT ;OUTPUT CURRENT DATA TO DATA
FIELD
C9
RET
00
FA
0379
037A
037B
037C
037D
037E
037F
0380
0381
0382
0383
0384
0385
0386
0387
0388
0389
038A
038B I
038Cr
038D
038E
038F
0391
0391
0392
0393
0394
0395
0397
0399
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
0A
0B
0C
0D
0E
0F
H
L
P
A0
0C
BLANK
n
U
h
G
J
y
O
3E46
01FF
01FF
A0
7C
F4
A6
D6
DE
B0
FE
B6
BE
CE
5A
EC
5E
1E
AE
4A
3E
00
8C
EA
8E
DA
E0
E6
CC
4(19)
D-38
D-37
039A 15
039B
039C
039D
039E
MESSAGES FOR OUTPUT TO DISPLAY
BLANKS
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK
;FOR ADDRESS OR DATA FIELD.
15
15
15
15
ERMSG
DB BLANK, LETRE, LETRR, LETRR
;ERROR MESSAGE FOR ADDRESS
FIELD
039F 0E
03A0 14
03A1 14
EXMSG
DB LETRE, BLANK, BLANK, BLANK
;EXECUTION MESSAGE
03A2
03A3
03A4
03A5
03A6
0E
15
15
15
0F
SGNAD
DB F r I E
;SIGN ON MESSAGE
(ADDR. FIELD)
03A7
03A8
03A9
03AA
14
13
0E
16
SGNDT
DB n d
;SIGN ON MESSAGE(DATA FIELD)
********************************************************
RGPTB REGISTER POINTER TABLE
:THE ENTRIES IN THIS TABLE ARE IN THE SAME
ORDER AS
THE REGISTER DESIGNATOR KEYS ON THE
KEYBOARD EACH
ENTRY CONTAINS THE REGISTER POINTER VALUE
WHICH CORROSPONDS TO THE REG.
DESIGNATOR. REGISTER POINTER VALUES ARE
USED TO POINT INTO THE REGISTER NAME TABLE
(NMTBL) AND REGISTER SAVE LOCATION TABLE
(RGTBL).
03AC
03AD
03AE
03AF
06
09
0A
0B
DB
DB
DB
DB
6
9
10
11
:INTERRUPT MASK
:SPH
:SPL
:PCH
03B0
03B1
03B2
03B3
03B4
03B5
03B6
03B7
03B8
0C
07
08
00
01
02
03
04
05
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
12
7
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
:PCL
:H
:L
:A
:B
:C
:D
:E
:FLAGS
********************************************************
NMTBL : REGISTER NAME TABLE
: NAMES OF REGISTER IN DISPLAY FORMAT
03B9 15
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRA
;A REGISTER
03BA 15
03BB 15
03BC 0A
03BD 15
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRB
;B REGISTER
03BE 15
03BF 15
03C0 0B
03C1 15
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRC
;C REGISTER
03C2 15
03C3 15
03C4 0C
03C5 15
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRD
;D REGISTER
03C6 15
03C7 15
03C8 0D
03C9 15
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRE
;E REGISTER
03CA 15
03CB 15
03CC 0E
03CD 15
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRF
;F REGISTER
03CE 15
03CF 15
03D0 0F
D-40
D-39
03D1 15
03D2
03D3
03D4
03D5
15
15
13
15
03D6
03D7
03D8
03D9
15
15
10
15
03DA
03DB
03DC
03DD
15
15
11
15
03DE
03DF
03E0
03E1
05
12
10
15
03E2
03E3
03E4
03E5
05
12
11
15
03E6
03E7
03E8
03E9
12
0C
10
15
03EA 12
03EB 0C
03EC 11
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRI
;INTERRUPT MASK
DB BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRH
;H REGISTER
DB BLAMK, BLANK, BLANK, LETRL
;L REGISTER
DB BLANK, LETRS, LETRP, LETRH
;STACK POINTER HIGH ORDER
BYTE
DB BLANK, LETRS, LETRP, LETRL
;STACK POINTER LOW ORDER BYTE
DB BLANK, LETRP, LETRC, LETRH
;PROGRAM COUNTER HIGH BYTE
DB BLANK, LETRP, LETRC, LETRL
;PROGRAM COUNTER LOW BYTE
*************************************************
REGISTER SAVE LOCATION TABLE
ADDRESSES OF SAVE LOCATIONS OF REGISTERS IN THE
ORDER IN WHICH THE REGISTERS ARE DISPLAYED BY
THE EXAMINE COMMAND
RGTBL
03ED EE
DB
03EE EC
DB
03EF EB
DB
03F0 EA
DB
03F1 E9
DB
03F2 ED
DB
03F3 F1
DB
03F4 F0
DB
03F5 EF
DB
03F6 F5
DB
ASAV AND OFFH
BSAV AND OFFH
CSAV AND OFFH
DSAV AND OFFH
ESAV AND OFFH
FSAV AND OFFH
ISAV AND OFFH
HSAV AND OFFH
LSAV AND OFFH
SPHSV AND OFFH
03F7 F4
DB SPLSV AND OFFH
03F8 F3
DB PCHSV AND OFFH
03F9 F2
DB OCKSV AND IFFG
000D NUMRG
TABLE
EQU ($ - RGTBL)
;A REGISTER
;B REGISTER
;C REGISTER
;D REGISTER
;E REGISTER
;FLAGS
;INTERRUPT MASK
;H REGISTER
;L REGISTER
;STACK POINTER
HIGH ORDER BYTE
;STACK POINTER
LOW ORDER BYTE
;PROGRAM
COUNTER HIGH
ORDER BYTE
;PROGRAM
COUNTER LOW
ORDER BYTE
;/REGISTER SAVE
LOCATION NUMBER
OF ENTRIES.
D-42
D-41
*********************************************
TTY
PRINT SIGNON MESSAGE
*********************************************
03FA
D
E
F
0400
1
4
0405
218C07
4E
AF
B1
C8
CDC405
23
C3FD03
SIGNON
S1
XRAA
ORAC
LXIH STRING
MOVC, M
RZ
CALLC OUT
INX H
JUMP S1
*************************************************************
COMMAND RECOGNIZING ROUTINE
*************************************************************
FUNCTION : GETCM
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : GETCH, ECHO, ERROR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
GETCM RECEIVES AN INPUT
CHARATER FROM THE USER
AND USER AND ATTEMPTS TO
LOCATE THIS CHARATER IN ITS
COMMAND CHARATER TABLE. IF
SUCCESSFUL,THE ROUTINE
CORROSPONDING TO THIS IS
SELECTED FROM A TABLE OF
COMMAND ROUTINE ADDRESSES,
AND CONTROL IS TRANSFERED TO
THIS ROUTINE. IF THE CHARATER
DOES NOT MATCH ANY
ENTRIES,CONTROL IS PASSED TO
THE ERROR HANDLER.
GETCM
0408 21E9FF
LXI H, MNSTK ;ALWAYS WAMT TO RESET
STACK PTR TO MONITOR
040B F9
SPHL
;STARTING VALUE SO
ROUTINE NEED NOT CLEAN
UP
040C 0E2E
040E CDF805
0411
C31404
0414
CD1F06
0417 CDF805
041A 79
041B 010600
041E 21AE07
0421
BE
0422
CA2D04
0425
23
0426
0427
0D
C22104
042A C31106
MVI C,'.'
CALL ECHO
;PROMPT CHARCHTER TO C
;SEND PROMPT CHARATER
TO USER TERMINAL
JMP GTC03
;WANT TO LEAVE ROOM FOR
RST BRANCH
GTC03 CALL GETCH ;GET COMMAND
CHARATER TO A
CALL ECHO
;ECHO CHARCTER TO USER
MOV A, C
;PUT COMMAND CHARCTER
INTO ACC.
LXI B, NCMDS ;C CONTAINS LOOP AND
INDEXCOUNT
LXI H, CTAB ;HL POINTS INTO COMMAND
TABLE
GTC05 CMP M ;COMPARE TABLE ENTRY
AND CHARATER
JZ GTC10
;BRANCH IF EQUAL –
COMMAND RECOGNIZED
INX H
;ELSE,INCREMENT TABLE
POINTER
DCR C
;DECREMENT LOOP COUNT
JNZ GTC05
;BRANCH IF NOT AT TABLE
END
JMP ERROR ;ELSE COMMAND
CHARACTER IS ILLEGAL
042D 21A007 GTC10 LXI H, CADR ;IF GOOD COMMAND. LOAD
ADDRESS OR TABLE OF
COMMAND ROUTINE
ADDRESSES
0430 09
DAD B
;ADD WHAT IS LEFT OF
LOOP COUNT
0431 09
DAD B
;ADD AGAIN -EACH ENTRY IN
CADR IS 2 BYTES LONG
0432 7E
MOV A, M
;GET LSP OF ADDRESS OF
TABLE ENTRY TO A
0433 23
INX H
;POINT TO NEXT BYTE IN
TABLE
0434 66
MOV H, M
;GET MSP OF ADDRESS OF
TABLE ENTRY TO H
D-44
D-43
0435
6F
MOV L, A
0436
E9
PCHL
;PUT LSP OF ADDRESS OF
TABLE ENTRY IMTO L
;NEXT INSTRUCTION COMES
FROM COMMAND ROUTINE
***************************************************************
COMMAND IMPLEMENTING ROUTINES
***************************************************************
FUNCTION : DCMD
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ECHO, NMOUT, HILO, GETCM,CROUT, GETNM
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCREPTION :
DCMD IMPLEMENTS THE DISPLAY
MEMORY (D) COMMAND
DCMD
0437 0E02
MVI C, 2
044F CDC706
0452 CDA006
CALL NMOUT
CALL HILO
FALSE DCM15
0455 D25E04
0458 CDEB05
JNC DCM15
CALL CROUT
045B C30804
JMP GETCM
045E 23
DCM15 INX H
045F 7D
MOV A,L
0460 E60G
ANI NEWLN
0462 C24904
JNZ DCM10
0465 C33E04
JMP DCM05
;GET 2 NUMBERS FROM
INPUT STREAM
0439 CD5B06
CALL GETNM
043C D1
POP D
;ENDING ADDRESS TO DE
043D E1
POP H
;STARTING ADDRESS TO HL
DCMO5
043E CDEB05
CALL CROUT ;ECHO CARRIAGE
RETURN/LINE FEED
0441 7C
MOV A, H
;DISPLAY ADDRESS OF
FIRST LOCATION IN LINE
0442 CDC706
CALL NMOUT
0445 7D
MOV A, L
;ADDRESS IS 2 BYTES LONG
0446 CDC706
CALL NMOUT
DCM10
0449 0E20
MVI C,'.'
044B CDF805
CALL ECHO
;USE BLANK AS SEPARATOR
044E 7E
MOV A, M
;GET CONTENTS OF NEXT
MEMORY LOC.
;DISPLAY CONTENTS
;SEE IF ADDRESS OF
DISPLAY LOC.
IS GREATER THAN
OR EQUAL TO
ENDING ADDRESS
;IF NOT ,MORE TO
DISPLAY
;CARRIGE
RETURN/LINE FEED
TO END LINE
;ALL DOME
;IF MORE TO GO,
POINTS TO THE NEW
DISPLAY
GET LOW ORDER
BITS OF NEW
ADDRESS
;SEE IF LAST HEX
DIGIT OR ADDRESS
DENOTES START OF
NEWLINE
;NO-DOT AT END OF
LINE
;YES-START NEW
LINE WITH ADDRESS
D-46
D-45
*******************************************************************************
FUNCTION : GCMD
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ERROR, GETHX, RSTTF
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
GCMD IMPLEMENTS THE BEGIN
EXECUTION (G) COMMAND
0468 CD2606
046B
046E
046F
0471
D27D04
7A
FE0D
C21106
0474 21F2FF
0477
0478
0479
047A
047D
71
23
70
C38304
7A
047E FE0D
0480 C21106
0483 C31B03
GCMD CALL GETHX ;GET ADDRESS(IF PRESENT)
FROM INPUT STREAM
FALSE GCM05
JNC GCM05
;BRANCH IF NO NU. PRESENT
MOV A, D
;ELSE GET TERMINATOR
CPI CR
;SEE IF CARRIAGE RETURN
JNZ ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT PROPERLY
TERMINATED
LXI H, PSAV ;WANT NU. TO REPLACE SAVE 1/4
PGM COUNTER
MOV M, C
INX H
MOV M, B
JMP GCM10
GCM05 MOV A, D
;IF NO STARTING ADDRESS
MAKE SURE THATCR
TERMINATED COMMAND
CPI CR
JNZ ERROR
;ERROR IF NOT
GCM10 JMP RSTOR ;RESTORE REG. AND BEGIN
EXECUTION (RSTOR IS IN
KEYBOARD MONITOR)
*****************************************************
FUNCTION : ICMD
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ERROR, ECHO, GETCH, VALDL, VALDG, CNVBN,
STHLF, GETNM, GROUT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
ICMD IMPLEMENTS THE INSERT
MODE INTO MEMORY
(I) COMMAND
0468 0E01 ICMD
0488 CD5B06
048B 3EFF
048D 32FDFF
0490 D1
0491 CD1F06
0494 4F
0495 CDF805
0498 79
0499 FE1B
049B CAC704
049E CD7907
04A1 DA9104
04A4 CD5E07
MVI C, 1
CALL GETNM
;GET SINGLE NU.
FROM INPUT
STREAM
MVI A, UPPER
STA TEMP
;TEMP WILL HOLD
THE UPPER/LOWER
HALF BYTE FLAG
POP D
ICM05 CALL GETCH ;GET A CHAR. FROM
INPUT STREAM
MOV C, A
CALL ECHO
;ECHO IT
MOV A, C
;PUT CAHR. BACK
INTO A
CPI TERM
;SEE IF CHAR.IS A
TERMINATING
CHARACTER
JZ ICM25
;IF SO ALL DONE
ENTERING
CHARACTERS.
CALL VALDL ;ELSE CHECK TO SEE
IF VALID DELIMITER
TRUE ICM05 ;IF SO SIMPLY
IGNORE THIS
CHARACTER
JC ICM05
CALL VALDG ;ELSE CHECK TO SEE
IF VALID HEX DIGIT
FALSE ICM20 ;IF NOT, BRANCH TO
HANDLE ERROR
CONDITION
D-48
D-47
04A7
04AA
04AD
04AE
D2C104
CD100A
4F
CD3F07
JNC ICM20
CALL CNVBN ;CONVERT DIGIT TO BINARY
MOV C, A
;MOVE RESULT TO C
CALL STHLF ;STORE IN APPROPRIATE
HALF WORD
04B1 3AFDFF
LDA TEMP
;GET HALF BYTE FLAG
04B4 B7
ORA A
;SET F/F'S
04B5 C2B904
JNZ ICM10
;BRANCH IF FLAG SET FOR
UPPER
04B8 13
INX D
;IF LOWER ,INC ADDRESS OF
BYTE TO STORE IN
04B9 EEFF
ICM10 XRI INVERT
;TOGGLE STATE OF FLAG
04BB 32FDFF
STA TEMP
;PUT NEW VALUE OF FLAG
BACK
04BE C39104
JMP ICM05
;PROCESS NEXT DIGIT
04C1 CD3407 ICM20 CALL STHFO ;ILLEGAL CHARACTER
04C4 C31106
JMP ERROR ;MAKE SURE ENTIRE BYTE
FILLED THEN ERROR
04C7 CD3407 ICM25 CALL STHF0 ;HERE FOR ESCAPE
CHARACTER I/P IS DONE
04CA CDEB05
CALL CROUT ;ADD CARRIAGE RETURN
04CD C30804
JMP GETCM
****************************************************
FUNCTION : MCMD
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : GETCM, HILO, GETNM
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DECRIPTION : MCMD IMPLEMENTS THE MOVE DATA IN
MEMORY(M) COMMAND
MCMD
04D0 0E03
MVI C, 3
04D2 CD5B06
CALL GETNM ;GET 3 NUMBERS FROM
INPUT STREAM
04D5 C1
POP B
;DESTINATION ADDR. TO BC
04D6 E1
POP H
;ENDING ADDR. TO HL
04D7 D1
POP D
;STARTING ADDR TO DE
04D8 E5 MCM05 PUSH H
;SAVE ENDING ADDRESS
04D9 62
MOV H, D
04DA 6B
MOV L, E
;SOURCE ADDR. TO HL
04DB 7E
MOV A, M
;GET SOURCE BYTE
04DC 60
MOV H, B
04DD 69
MOV L, C
;DESTINATION ADDR. TO HL
04DE 77
MOV M, A
;MOVE BYTE TO
DESTINATION
04DF 03
INX B
;INR. DESTINATION
ADDRESS
04E0 78
MOV A, B
04E1 B1
ORA C
;TEST FOR DESTINATION
ADDR
04E2 CA0804
JZ GETCM
;IF SO CAN TERMINATE CMD.
04E5 13
INX D
;INCREMENT SIURCE
ADDRESS
04E6 E1
POP H
;ELSE GET BACKENDING
ADDR
04E7 CDA006
CALL HILO
;SEE IF ENDING
ADDR=SOURCE ADDR
FALSE GETCM ;IF NOT
COMMAND IS DONE
04EA D20804
JNC GETCM
04ED C3D804
JMP MCM05 ;MOVE ANOTHER BYTE
D-50
D-49
*********************************************************
FUNCTION : XCMD
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : GETCH, ECHO, REGDS, GETCM, ERROR, RGADR,
NMOUT, CROUT, GTHEX
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
XCMD IMPLEMENTS THE REGISTER
EXAMINE AND CHANGE (X)
COMMAND.
****************************************************
FUNCTION : SCMD
INPUTS : NONE
CALLS : GETHX, GETCM, NMOUT, ECHO
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F/'S
DESCRIPTION :
SCMD IMPLEMENTS THE
SUBSTITUTE INTO MEMORY
(S) COMMAND
04F0 CD2606
SCMD
CALL GETHX
04F3 C5
04F4 E1
PUSH B
POP H
04F5 7A
04F6 FE20
04F8 CA0005
SCM05 MOV A, D
CPI '.'
JZ SCM10
04FB FE2C
04FD C20804
0500 7E
CPI '.'
JNZ GWTCM
SCM10 MOV A, M
0501 CDC706
CALL NMOUT
0504 0E2D
0506 CDF805
0509 CD2606
MVI C,'.'
CALL ECHO
CALL GETHX
050C D21005
050F 71
0510 23
0511 C3F504
;GET A NUMBER IF
PRESENT, FROM INPUT
;GET NU. TO HL-DENOTES
MEMORY LOCATION
;GET TERMINATOR
;SEWE IF SPACE
;YES CONTINUE
PROCESSING
;ELSE SEE IF COMMA
;NO TERMINATE COMMAND
;GET CONTENTS OF
SPECIFIED LOCATION TO A
;DISPLAY CONTENTS ON
CONSOLE
;USE DASH FOR SEPARATOR
;USE NEW VALUE FOR
MEMORY LOCATION IF ANY
FALSE SCM15 ;IF NO VALUE PRESENT,BRANCH
JNC SCM15
MOV M, C
;ELSE,STORE LOWER 8BIT OF
NUMBER ENTERED
SCM15 INX H ;INCREMENT ADDR. OF MEMORY
LOCATION TO VIEW
JMP SCM05
0514 CD1F06
0517
0518
051B
051C
051E
4F
CDF805
79
FE0D
C22705
0521 CDEA06
0524 C30804
0527 4F
0528 CD1B07
052B C5
052C E1
052D 0E20
052F CDF805
0532 79
0533 32FDFF
0536 3AFDFF
0539 FE20
053B CA4305
053E FE2C
XCMD CALL GETCH ;GET REGISTER
INDENTIFIER
MOV C, A
CALL ECHO
;ECHO IT
MOV A, C
CPI CP
JNZ XCM05
;BRANCH IF
NOTCARRIAGE RET
CALL REGDS
;ELSE,DISPLAY
REG.CONTENTS
JMP GETCM
;THEN TERMINATE
COMMAND
XCM05 MOV C, A
;GET REG.IDENTIFIER
TO C
CALL RGADR
;CONVERT
IDENTIFIER INTO
RTAB TABLE ADDR
PUSH B
POP H
;PUT POINTER TO
REGISTER ENTRY
INTO HL
MVI C,"
CALL ECHO
;ECHO SPACE TO
USER
MOV A, C
STA TEMP
;PUT SPACE INTO
TEMP AS DELIMITER
XCM10 LDA TEMP
;GET TERMINATOR
CPI '.'
;SEE IF A BLANK
JZ XCM15
;YES-GO CHECK
POINTER IN TABLE
CPI '.'
;NO SEE IF COMMA
D-52
D-51
0540 C20804
JNZ GETCM
;NO-MUST BE CARRIAGE
RETURN TO AN END
COMMAND
0543 73
XCM15 MOV A, M
0544 B7
ORA A
;SET F/F'S
0545 C24E05
JNZ XCM16
;BRANCH IF NOT AT END OF
TABLE
0548 CDEB05 CALL CROUT
;ELSE O/P CARIAGE RETURN
LINE FEED
054B C30804
JMP GETCM ;AND EXIT
054E E5
XCM18 PUSH H ;PUT POINTER ON
STACK
054F 5E
MOV E, M
0550 16FF
MOV D, RAMST SHR 8 ;ADDRESS OF SAVE
LOCATION FROM
TABLE
0552 23
INX H
0553 46
MOV B, M
;FETCH LENGTH FLAG EROM
TABLE
0554 D5
PUSHD
;SAVE ADDR.OF SAVE
LOCATION
0555 D5
PUSH D
0556 E1
POP H
;MOVE ADDRESSS TO HL
0557 C5
PUSH B
;SAVE LENGTH FLAG
0558 7E
MOV A, M
;GET 8 BITS OF REG FROM
SAVED LOCATION
0559 CDC706
CALL NMOUT ;DISPLAY IT
055C F1
POP PSW
;GET BACK LENGTH FLAG
055D F5
PUSH PSW
;SAVE IT AGAIN
055E B7
ORA A
;SET F/F'S
055F CA6705
JZ XCM20
;IF8BIT REG.NOTHING TO
DISPLAY
0562 2B
DCX H
;ELSE FOR 16 BIT REG.GET
LOWER 8 BITS
0563
0564
0567
0569
7E
CDC706
0E2D
CDF805
056C CD2606
MOV A, M
CALL NMOUT
XCM20 MVI C,'-'
CALL ECHO
CALL GETHX
FALSE XCM30
056F D28705
0572 7A
0573 32FDFF
JNC XCM30
MOV A, D
STA TEMP
0576 F1
POP PSW
0577 E1
POPH
0578 B7
0579 CA7E05
ORA A
JZ XCM25
057C 70
057D 2B
MOV M, B
DCX H
057E 71
XCM25 MOV M, C
057F 110300 XCM27 LXI D, RTABS
0582 E1
POP H
;DISPLAY THEM
;USE DASH AS
SEPARATOR
;SEE IF THERE IS A
VALUE TO PUT
INTO REGISTER
;NO GO
CHECKFORNEXT
REG.
;ELSE SAVE THE
TERMINATOR FOR
NOW
;GET BACK LENGTH
FLAG
;PUT ADDR.OFSAVE
LOCATION INTO HL
;SET F/F'S
;IF 8 BIT REG,
BRANCH
;SAVE UPPER 8 BITS
;POINT TO SAVE
LOCATION FOR
LOWER 8 BITS
;STORE ALL OF 8 BIT
OR LOWER 1/2 OF 16
BIT REG.
;SIZE OF ENTRY
INRTAB TABLE
;POINTER INTO
REG.TABLE RTAB
D-54
D-53
0583
0584
0587
0588
058B
058C
058D
19
C33605
7A
32FDFF
D1
D1
C37F05
DAD D
;ADD ENTRY SIZE TO POINTER
JMP XCM10
;DO NEXT REGISTER
XCM30 MOV A, D ;GET TERMINATOR
STA TEMP
;SAVE IN MEMORY
POP D
;CLEAR STACK OF LENGTH FLAG
POP D
& ADDR. OF SAVE LOCATION
JMP XCM27
;GO INCREMENT REG. TABLE
POINTER
********************************************************
UTILITY ROUTINE
0590
0591
0592
0594
0595
0596
0599
059C
059D
05A0
05A1
05A4
05A7
05A8
05AB
05AC
05AF
05B0
********************************************************
FUNCTION : CI
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : A - CHARACTER FROM TTY
CALLS : DELAY
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
CI WAITS UNTIL A CHAR. HAS BEEN
ENTERED AT THE TTY AND THEN
RETURNS THE CHAR. VIA THE A
REG. TO THE CALLING ROUTINE.
THIS ROUTINE IS CALLED BY THE
USER VIA A JUMP TABLE IN RAM
CI
F3
DI
E5
PUSH H
0609
MVI B, BITS
20
CI1
RIM
B7
ORA A
FA9405
JM CI1
2A9AFF
CHLD HALFBIT
2D
CI2
DCR L
C29C05
JNZ CI2
25
DCR H
C29C05
JNZ CI2
2AC0FF
CI3
LHLD BITTIMC
2D
CI4
DCR L
C2A705
JNZ CI4
25
DCR H
C2A705
JNZ CI4
20
RIM
17
RAL
05B1
05B2
05B5
05B6
05B7
05B8
05B9
05BC
05BD
05BE
05BF
05C2
05C3
05
CABC05
79
1F
4F
00
C3A405
E1
FB
79
C9FFFF
FF
FF
CI5
DCR B
JZ CI5
MOV A, C
RAR
MOV C, A
NOP
JMP CI3
POP H
EI
MOV A, C
JMP 3PASS
BLANK
BLANK
****************************************************
FUNCTION : CO
INPUTS : C-CHARACTER TO OUTPUT TO TTY
OUTPUTS : C-CHARACTER OUTPUT TO TTY
CALLS : DELAY
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
CO-SENDS ITS INPUT ARGUMENT
TO THE TTY.
05C4
05C5
05C6
05C7
05C9
05CA
05CC
05CD
05CE
05D1
05D2
05C5
05C6
05C9
05CA
05CB
05CC
05CD
05CE
C0
F3
C5
E5
060B
AF
3E80
1F
30
2AC0FF
2D
C2D105
25
C2D105
37
79
1F
4F
05
2CA05
CO1
CO2
DI
PUSH B
PUSH H
MVI B, BITS0
XRA A
MVI A, 80H
RAR
SIM
LHLD BITTIME
DCR L
JNZ CO2
DCR H
JNZ CO2
STC
MOV A, C
RAR
MOV C, A
DCR B
JNZ CO1
D-56
D-55
05E1
05E2
05E3
05E4
05E5
05E6
05E7
05E8
05E9
05EA
E1
C1
FB
C9
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
FF
POP H
POP B
EI
RET
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
********************************************************
FUNCTION : DELAY
INPUTS : DE - 16BIT INT.DENOTING NUMBER OF TIMES TO
LOOP.
OUTPUTS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, D, E, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
DELAY DOES NOT RETURN TO
CALLER UNTIL INPUT ARGUMENT IS
COUNTED DOWN TO 0.
DELAY
********************************************************
FUNCTION : CROUT
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ECHO
DESTROYS : A, B, C, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
CROUT SENDS A CARRIAGE
RETURN AND HENCE A
LINE FEED TO THE CONSOLE.
CROUT
05EB 0E0D
05ED CDF805
05F0 C9
MVI C, CR
CALL ECHO
RET
05F1
05F2
05F3
05F4
1B
7A
B3
C2F105
DCX D ;DECREMENT INPUT ARG.
MOV A, D
ORA E
JNZ DELAY
;IF ARG NOT 0,KEEP
GOING
RET
05F7 C9
********************************************************
FUNCTION : ECHO
INPUTS : C - CHARACTER TO ECHO TO TERMINAL
OUTPPUTS : C - CHARACTER ECHOED TO TERMINAL
CALLS : CO
DESTROYS : A, B, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
ECHO TAKES A SINGLE CHARACTER
INPUT AND VIA THE MONITOR
SENDS THAT CHARACTER TO THE
USER TERMINAL. A CARRIAGE IS
ECHOED AS A CARRIAGE RETURN
LINE FEED, AND AN ESCAPE
CHARACTER IS ECHOED AS $.
ECHO
05F8 41
05F9 3E1B
MOV B, C
MVI A, ESC
;SAVE ARGUMENT
D-58
D-57
05FB B8
05FC C20106
05FF 0E24
0601 CDC405
0604
0606
3E0D
B8
0607
C20F06
060A 0E0A
060C CDC405
060F 48
0610
0611
0613
0616
0619
C9
CMP B
;SEE IF ECHOING AN
ESCAPE CHARACTER
JNZ ECHO5
;NO BRANCH
MVI C, '$'
;YES ECHO AS $
ECHO5 CALL CO ;DO OUTPUT THRO'
MONITOR
MVI A, CR
CMP B
;SEE IF CHAR. ECHOED WAS
A CARRIAGE RETURN
JNZ ECH10
;NO-NO NEED TO TAKE
SPECIAL ACTION
MVI C, LF
;YES-WANT TO ECHO
LINEFEED
CALL CO
ECH10 MOV C, B ;RESTORE
ARGUMENT
RET
********************************************************
FUNCTION : ERROR
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ECHO, CROUT, GETCM
DESTROYS : A, B, C, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
ERROR PRINTS THE
ERRORCHARACTER (CURRENTLY
AN ASTERISK) ON THE CONSOLE
FOLLOWED BY A CR LF, AND THEN
RETURNS CONTROL TO THE
COMMAND RECOGNISER.
ERROR
OE2A
MVI C,'*'
CDF805
CALL ECHO
;SEND '*' TO
CONSOLE
CDEB05
CALL CROUT ;SKIP TO BEGINING OR NEXT
LINE
C30804
JMP GETCM ;TRY AGAIN FOR ANOTHER
COMMAND
********************************************************
FUNCTION : FRET
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : CARRY-ALWAYS 0
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : CARRY
DESCRIPTION :
FRET IS JUMPED TO BY ANY
ROUTINE THET WISHES TO
INDICATE FAILURE ON RETURN.
FRET SETS THE CARRY FALSE
DENOTING FAILURE & THEN
RETURN TO THE CALLER OF THE
ROUTINE INVOKINK FRET.
FRET
061C 37
STC
;SET CARRY TRUE
061D 3F
CMC ;THEN COMPLEMENT TO MAKE IT
FALSE
061E C9
RET
;RETURN APPROPRIATLY
********************************************************
FUNCTION : GETCH
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : C - NEXT CHAR. IN INPUT STREAM
CALLS : CI
DESTROYS : A, C, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
GETCH RETURNS THE NEXT CHAR.
IN THE INPUT STREAM TO THE
CALLING PROGRAM.
GETCH
061F CD9005
CALL CI
;GET CHAR. FROM
TERMINAL
0622 E67F
ANI PRTY0
;TURN OFF PARITY
BIT IN CASE SET BY
CONSOLE
0624 4F
MOV C, A
;PUT VALUE IN C
REG.FOR
0625 C9
RET
;RETURN
D-60
D-59
********************************************************
FUNCTION : GETHX
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUT : SBC - 16 BIT INTEGER
D - CHAR. WHICH TERMINATED THE INTEGER
CARRY - 1 IF FIRST CHAR NOT DELIMITER
- 0 IF FIRST CHAR. IS DELIMITER
CALLS : GETCH, ECHO, VALDL, VALDG, CNVBN, ERROR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
GETHX ACCEPTS A STRING OF HEX
DIGITS FROM THE INPUT STREAM
& RETURNS THEIR VALUE AS A
16 BIT BINARY INTEGER.IF MORE
THAN 4 HEX DIGITS ARE ENTERED,
ONLY THE LAST 4 ARE USED THE
NUM. TERMINATES WHEN A VALID
DELIMITER IS ENCOUNTERED.
THE DELIMITER IS ALSO RETURNED
AS AN OUTPUT OF THE
FUNCTION.ILLEGAL CHAR. (NOT
HEX DIGITS OR DELIMITERS) CAUSE
AN ERROR INDICATION. IF THE
FIRST (VALID)CHARACTER
ENCOUNTERED IN THE INPUT
STREAM IS NOT A DELIMITER,
GETHX WILL RETURN WITH THE
CARRY BIT SET TO 1;OTHERWISE
THE CARRY BIT IS SET TO 0 AND
THE CONTENTS OF BC ARE
UNDEFINED.
0626 E5
0627 210000
GETHX
PUSH H
LXI H, 0
;SAVE HL
;INITIALIZE RESULT
062A 1E00
062C
062F
0630
0633
CD1F06
4F
CDF805
CD7907
0636 D24506
0639 51
063A
063B
063C
063D
063E
063F
E5
C1
E1
7B
B7
C23207
0642 CA1C06
0645 CD5E07
0648 D21106
064B CD100A
064E
0650
0651
0652
0653
0654
1EFF
29
29
29
29
0600
0656 4F
MVI E, 0
;INITIALIZE DIGIT FLAG TO
FALSE
GTH05 CALL GETCH ;GET A CHARACTER
MOV C, A
CALL ECHO
;ECHO THE CHARACTER
CALL VALDL ;SEE IF DELIMITER
FALSE GHX10 ;NO BRANCH
JNC GTX10
MOV D, C
;YES-ALL DONE,BUT WANT
TO RETURN DELIMITER
PUSH H
POP B
;MOVE RESULT TO BC
POP H
;RESTORE HL
MOV A, E
;GET FLAG
ORA A
;SET F/F'S
JNZ SRET
;IF FLAG NONE-0ANUM.HAS
BEEN FOUND
JZ FRET
;ELSE DELIMITER WAS FIRST
CHARACTER
GHX10 CALL VALDG ;IF NOT DELIMITER SEE IF
DIGIT
FALSE ERROR ;ERROR, IF NOT A VALID
DIGIT
JNC ERROR
CALL CNVBN ;CONVERT DIGIT TO ITS
BINARY VALUE
MVI E, 0FFH ;SET DIGIT FLAG NON-0
DAD H
;*2
DAD H
;*4
DAD H
;*8
DAD H
;*16
MVI B, 0
;CLEAR UPPER 8 BITS OF BC
PAIR
MOV C, A
;BINARY VALUE OF
CHARACTER INTO C
D-62
D-61
0657 09
0658 C32C06
065B
065D
065E
0660
0661
0662
0665
0668
0669
066A
DADB ;ADD THIS VALUE TO PARTIAL
RESULT
JMP GHX05
;GET NEXT CHARACTER
********************************************************
FUNCTION : GETNM
INPUTS : C - COUNT OF NUM. TO FIND IN INPUT STREAM
OUTPUTS : TOP OF STACK-NUM.FOUND IN REVERSE
ORDER (LAST ON TOP OF STACK)
CALLS : GETHX, HILO, ERROR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
GETNM FINDS A SPECIFIED COUNT
OF NUMBERS, BETWEEN 1 & 3,
INCLUSIVE, IN THE INPUT STREAM
AND RETURNS THEIR VALUES ON
THE STACK. IF 2 OR MORE NUM.
ARE REQUESTED THEN THE FIRST
MUST BE LESS THEN OR EQUEL TO
THE SECOND, OR THE FIRST &
SECOND NUM. WILL BE SET EQUAL.
THE LAST NUM. REQUESTED MUST
BE TERMINATED BY A CARRIAGE
RETURN OR AN ERROR INDICATION
WILL RESULT.
GETNM
2E03
MVI L, 3
;PUT MAX. ARG.COUNT IN L
79
MOV A, C
;GET THE ACTUAL
ARG.COUNT
E603
ANI 03
;FORCE TO MAX.OF 3
C8
RZ
;IF 0,DON'T BOTHER TO ANY
67
MOV H, A
;ELSE PUTACTUALCOUNT
INTO
CD2606 GNM05 CALL GETHX ;GET A NUM.FROM I/P
STREAM
FALSE ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT THERE-TOO
FEW NUMBERS
D21106
JNC ERROR
C5
PUSH B
;ELSE SAVE NUM.ON STACK
2D
DCR L
;DECREMENT
MAX.ARG.COUNT
25
DCR H
;DECREMENT ACTUAL
ARG.COUNT
066B CA7706
JZ GNM10
066E 7A
MOV A, D
066F
0671
FE0D
CA1106
CPI CR
JZ ERROR
0674
0677
C36206
JMP GNM
7A
GNM10 MOV A, D
0678
067A
067D
0680
FE0D
C21106
01FFFF
7D
0681
0682
0685
0686
0687
068A
068B
068C
068D
0690
0693
0694
0695
0696
0697
0698
0699
069A
069B
069C
069D
;BRANCH IF NO MORE
NUM.WANTED
;ELSE GET NUM.
TERMINATOR TO A
;SEE IF CARRIAGE RETURN
;ERROR IF SO TOO FEW
NUM.
;ELSE PROCESS NEXT NUM.
;WHEN COUNT 0,CHECK
LAST TERMINATOR
CPI CR
JNZ ERROR ;ERROR IF NOT CR
LXI B, 0FFFFH ;HL GETS LARGEST NUM.
MOV A, L
;GET WHAT'S LEFT OF MAX.
ARG COUNT
B7
ORA A
;CHECK FOR 0
CA8A06
JZ GNM20
;IF YES,3 NUM WERE I/P
C5
GNM15 PUSH B
;IF NOT? FILL REMAINING
ARG WITH 0FFFFH
2D
DCR L
C28506
JNZ GNM15
C1
GNM20 POP B ;GET THE 3 ARG. OUT
D1
POP D
E1
POP H
CDA006
CALL HILO
;SEE IF FIRST=SECOND
FALSE GNM25 ;NO BRANCH
D29506
JNC GNM25
54
MOV D, H
5D
MOV E, L
;YES-MAKE SECOND EQUAL
TO THE FIRST
E3
GNM25 XTHL ;PUT FIRST ON STACK GET
RETURN ADDR
D5
PUSH D
;PUT SECOND ON STACK
C5
PUSH B
;PUT THIRD ON STACK
E5
PUSH H
;PUT RETURNADDR.ON
STACK
3D
GNM30 DCR A
;DECREMENT RESDUAL
COUNT
F8
RM
;IF NEGATIVE,PROPER
RESULT ON STACK
E1
POP H
;ELSE GET RETURN ADDR
E3
XTHL
;REPLACE TOP RESULT
WITH RETURN ADDR
C39906
JMP GNM30 ;TRY AGAIN
D-64
D-63
06A0
06A1
06A2
06A3
06A4
06A5
06A8
06A9
06AA
06AB
06AE
06AF
06B0
06B2
06B3
06B4
06B6
06B7
********************************************************
FUNCTION : HILO
INPUTS : DE - 16 BIT INTEGER
HL - 16 BIT INTEGER
OUTPUTS : CARRY - 0 IF HL < DE
1 IF HL => DE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
HILO COMPARES THE 2 16 BIT
INTEGERS IN BL AND DE. THE
INTEGERS ARE TREATED AS
UNSIGNED NUMBERS.THE CARRY
BIT IS SET ACCORDING TO THE
RESULT OF THE COMPARISON.
HILO
C5
PUSH B
;SAVE BC
47
MOV B, A
;SAVE A IN B REGISTER
E5
PUSH H
;SAVE HL PAIR
7A
MOV A, D
;CHECK FOR DE=0000H
B3
ORA E
CAC106 JZ HILO5
;WE'RE AUTOMATICALLY DONE
23
INX H
IF HL IS INCREMENTED BY 1
7C
MOV A, H
;WANT TO TEST FOR 0
B5
ORA L
RESULT AFTER INCREMENTING
CAC106 JZ HILO5
;IF SOHL MUST HAVE CONTAINED
0FFFFH
E1
POP H
;IF NOT RESTORE ORIGINAL HL
D5
PUSH D
;SAVE DE
3EFF MVI A, 0FFH ;WANT TO TAKE 2'S COMPLEMENT
OF DE CONTENTS
AA
XRA D
57
MOV D, A
3EFF MVI A, 0FFH
AB
XRA E
5F
MOV E, A
06B8
06B9
06BA
06BB
06BC
06BD
06BE
06BF
06C0
06C1
06C2
06C3
06C4
13
7D
83
7C
8A
INX D
MOV A, L
ADD E
MOV A, H
ADC D
;2'S COMPLEMENT OF DE TO DE
;ADD HL AND DE
;THIS OPERATION SETS CARRY
PROPERLY
D1 POP D
;RESTORE ORIGINAL DE CONT.
78
MOV A, B
;RESTORE ORIGINAL CONT.OF A
C1 POP B
;RESTORE ORIGINALCONT.OF BC
C9 RET
;RETURN WITH CARRY SET AS
REQUIRED
E1
HILO5 POP H ;IF HL CONTENTS 0FFFFH,THEN
78
MOV A, B
CARRY CAN ONLY BE SET TO 1
C1
POP B
;RESTORE ORIGINAL CONTENTS OF
REGISTERS
C33207 JMP SRET ;SET CARRY AND RETURN
********************************************************
FUNCTION : NMOUT
INPUTS : A - 8 BIT INTEGER
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ECHO, PRVAL
DESTROYS : A, B, C, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
NMOUT CONVERTS THE 8
BIT,UNSIGNED INTEGER
THE A REGISTER INTO 2 ASCII
CHARACTERS. THE ASCII
CHARACTER ARE THE ONES
REPRESENTING THE 8 BITS. THESE
TWO CHARACTERS ARE SENT TO
THE CONSOLE AT THE CURRENT
PRINT POSITION OF THE CONSOLE.
D-66
D-65
06C7 E5
06C8
06C9
06CA
06CB
06CC
NMOUT
PUSH H
F5
0F
0F
0F
0F
PUSH PSW
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
06CD E60F
ANI HCHAR
06CF 4F
06D0 CDE206
MOV C, A
CALL PRVAL
06D3 CDF805
06D6 F1
06D7 E60F
CALL ECHO
POP PSW
ANI HCHAR
06D9
06DA
06DD
06E0
MOV C, A
CALL PRVAL
CALL ECHO
POP H
4F
CDE206
CDF805
E1
06E1 C9
;SAVE HL DESTROYS
PREVAL
;SAVE ARGUMENT
06E7 09
DAD B
06E8 4E
06E9 C9
MOV C, M
RET
********************************************************
FUNCTION : REGDS
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : ECHO, NMOUT, ERROR, CROUT
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
REGDS DISPLAYS THE CONTENTS
OF THE REGISTER SAVE
LOCATIONS,IN FORMATTED
FORM,ON THE CONSOLE.
THE DISPLAY IS DRIVAN FROM A
TABLE, RTAB,WHICH
CONTAINS THE REGISTERS'S PRINT
SYMBOL, SAVE LOCATION
ADDRESS,AND LENGTH (8 OR 16
BITS).
;GET UPPER 4 BITS TO LOW
4 BIT POSITION
;MASK OUT UPPER 4 BITSWANT 1 HEX CHAR
;CONVERT LOWER 4 BITSTO
ASCII
;SEND TO TERMINAL
;GET BACK ARGUMENT
;MASK OUT UPPER 4 BITSWANT 1 HEX CHAR
;RESTORE SAVED VALUE OF
HL
06EA 21C407
RET
********************************************************
FUNCTION : PRVAL
INPUTS : C - INTEGER RANGE 0 TO F
OUTPUTS : C - ASCII CHARACTER
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : B, C, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
PRVAL CONVERTS A NUM. IN THE
RANGE 0 TO F
HEX TO THE CORROSPONDING
ASCII CHARACTER,0-9,
A-F.PRVAL DOES NOT CHECK THE
VALIDITY OF ITS INPUT ARGUMENT.
06ED 4E
06EE
06EF
06F0
06F3
79
B7
C2F706
CDEB05
06F6
06F7
06FA
06FC
06FF
C9
CDF805
0E3D
CDF805
23
0700
5E
PRVAL
06E2 21B407
06E5 0600
LXI H, DIGTB
MVI B, 0
;ADDRESS OF TABLE
;CLEAR HIGH ORDER BITS
OF BC
;ADD DIGIT VALUE TO HL
ADDRESS
;GET CHAR.FROM MEMORY
REGDS
LXI H, RTAB
;LOAD HL WITH ADDRESS OF
START OF TABLE
REG05 MOV C, M ;GET PRINT SYMBOL
OF REG.
MOV A, C
ORA A
;TEST FOR 0 END OF TABLE
JNZ REG10
;IF NOT END,BRANCH
CALL CROUT ;ELSE CARRIAGE
RETURN/LINE FEED TO END
DISPLAY
RET
REG10 CALL ECHO ;ECHO CHARACTER
MVI C,'='
CALL ECHO
;O/P EQUAL SIGN i.e. A =
INX H
;POINT TO START OF SAVE
LOCATION ADDRESS
MOV E, M
;GET LSP OF SAVE
LOCATION ADDRESS
TO E
D-68
D-67
0703
0704
0705
0708
0709
070A
070D
070E
070F
0712
0714
0717
0718
MVI D, RAMST SHR 8 ;PUT MSO OF SAVE LOC
ADDRESS TO E
23
INX H
;POINT TO LENGTH FLAG
1A
LDAX D
;GET CONTENTS OF SAVE
LOC.
CDC706 CALL NMOUT
;DISPLAY ON CONSOLE
7E
MOV A, M
;GET LENGTH FLAG
B7
ORA A
;SET SIGN F/F
CA1207 JZ REG15
;IF 0,REG. IS 8 BITS
1B
DCX D
;ELSE 16 BIT REGISTER SO
MORE TO DISPLAY
1A
LDAX D
;GET LOWER 8 BITS
CDC706 CALL NMOUT
;DISPLAY THEM
0E20 REG15 MVI C,' '
CDF805 CALL ECHO
23
INX H
;POINT TO START OF NEXT
TABLE ENTRY
C3ED06 JP REG05
;DO NEXT REGISTER
RTAB. IF NO MATCH OCCURS, THEN
CONTROL IS PASSED TO THE
ERROR ROUTINE.
0701 16FF
071B 21C407 RGADR
071E 110300
0721 7E
RGA05
0722 B7
ORA A
0723 CA1106
0726 B9
0727 CA2E07
*******************************************************************
FUNCTION : RGADR
INPUTS : C - CHARACTER DENOTING REGISTER
OUTPUTS : BC - ADDRESS OF ENTRY IN RTAB
CORROSPONDING TO REG
CALLS : ERROR
DESTROYS : A, B, C, D, E, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :RGADR TAKES A SINGLE CHARACTER AS
INPUT.THIS CHARACTER DENOTES A
REGISTER. RGADR SEARCHES THE TABLE
RTAB FOR A MATCH ON THE I/P
ARGUMENT.IF ONE OCCURS,RGADR
RETURNS THE ADDR OF THE SAVED
LOCATION CORRESPONDING TO THE
REGISTER. THIS ADDRESS POINTS INTO
072A 19
072B C32107
072E 23
RGA10
072F 44
0730 4D
0731 C9
LXI H, RTAB
;HL GETS ADDR. OF
TABLE START
LXI D, RTAB5 ;DE GET SIZE OF A
TABLE ENTRY
MOV A, M
;GET REG.
IDENTIFIER
;CHECK FOR TABLE END
(IDENTIFIER IS 0)
JZ ERROR
;IF AT END OF
TABLE,ARG.IS
ILLEGAL
CMP C
;ELSE, COMPARE
TABLE ENTRY &
ARGUMENT
JZ RGA10
;IFEQUAL,WE'VE
FOUND WHAT WE'RE
LOOKING FOR
DAD D
;ELSE INCREMENT
TABLE POINTER TO
NEXT ENTRY
JMP RGA05
;TRY AGAIN
INX H
;IF A MATCH INR.
TABLE
MOV B, H
;POINTER TO SAVE
LOC.ADDR.
MOV C, L
;RETURN THIS VALUE
RET
D-70
D-69
********************************************************
FUNCTION : STHLF
INPUTS : C - 4 BIT VALUE TO BE STORED IN HALF BYTE
DE - 16 BIT ADDR. OF BYTE TO BE STORED INTO
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
STHLF TAKES THE 4 BIT VALUE IN C
AND STORES IT IN HALF OF THE
BYTE ADDRESSED BY REGISTER
DE. THE HALF BYTE USED(EITHER
UPPER OR LOWER) IS DENOTED BY
THE VALUE OF THE FLAG IS TEMP.
STHLF ASSUMES THAT THIS FLAG
HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY SET
(NORMALLY BY ICMD)
********************************************************
FUNCTION : SRET
INPUTS : NONE
OUTPUTS : CARRY = 1
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : CARRY
DESCRIPTION :
SRET IS JUMPED TO BY RIUTINES
WISHING TO RETURN
SUCCESS.SRET SETS THE CARRY
TRUE & THEN RETURNS TO THE
CALLER OF THE ROUTINE INVOKING
SRET.
0732
0733
37
C9
SRET
STC
RET
SET CARRY TRUE
RETURN APPROPRIATELY
********************************************************
FUNCTION : STHFO
INPUTS : DE - 16BIT ADDRESS OF BYTE TO BE STORED
INTO
OUTPUTS : NONE
CALLS : STHLF
DESTROYS : A, B, C, H, L, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
STHFO CHECKS THE HALF BYTE
FLAG IN TEMP TO SEE IF IT SET TO
LOWER. IF SO, STFHO STORES
A 0 TO PAD OUT THE LOWER HALF
OF THE ADDRESSED BYTE :
OTHERWISE,THE ROUTINE TAKES
NO ACTION.
0734
0737
0738
STHFO
3AFDFF
LDA TEMP
B7
ORA A
C0
RNZ
0739
0E00
073B CD3F07
073E C9
MVI C, 0
CALL STHLF
RET
;GET HALF BYTE FLAG
;SET F/F'S
;IF SET TO UPPER DO NOT
DO ANYTHING
;ELSE WANT TO STORE THE
VALUE 0
;DO IT
073F
0740
0741
0742
0744
0745
0748
0749
074C
074D
074F
0750
0751
0752
0753
0755
0756
0757
0758
0759
075A
075B
075C
075D
STHLF
D5
PUSH D
E1
POP H
;MOVE ADDR. OF BYTE IN HL
79
MOV A, C
;GET VALUE
E60F ANI 0FH
;FORCE TO 4 BIT LENGTH
4F
MOV C, A
;PUT VALUE BACK
3AFDFF LDA TEMP ;GET HALF BYTE FLAG
B7
ORA A
;CHECK FOR LOWER HALF
C25207 JNZ STH05
;BRANCH IF NOT
7E
MOV A, M
;ELSE GET BYTE
E6F0 ANI 0F0H
;CLEAR LOWER 4 BITS
B1
ORA C
;OR IN VALUE
77
MOV M, A
;PUT BYTE BACK
C9
RET
7E
STH05 MOV A, M
;IF UPPER HALF,GET BYTE
E60F ANI 0FH
;CLEAR UPPER 4 BITS
47
MOV B, A
;SAVE BYTE IN B
79
MOV A, C
;GET VALUE
0F
RRC
0F
RRC
0F
RRC
0F
RRC
;ALIGN TO UPPER 4 BITS
B0
ORA B
;OR IN ORIGINAL LOWER 4 BITS
77
MOV M, A
;PUT NEW CONFGURATION BACK
C9
RET
D-72
D-71
********************************************************
FUNCTION : VALDG
INPUTS : C - 1 ASCII CHARACTER
OUTPUTS : CARRY - 1 IF CHAR. REPRESENTS VALID HEX
DIGIT
0 OTHERWISE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
VALDG RETURNS SUCCESS IF ITS
INPUT ARGUMENT IS IN ASCII CHAR.
REPRESENTING A VALID HEX
HEX DIGIT (0-9, A-F) AND FAILURE
OTHERWISE.
VALDG
075E 79
MOV A, C
075F FE30
CPI 'C'
0761 FA1C06
JM FRET
0764
0766
0769
076C
FE39
FA3207
CA3207
FE41
CPI '9'
JM SRET
JM SRET
CPI 'A'
076E
0771
0773
0776
FA1C06
FE47
F21C06
C33207
JM FRET
CPI 'G'
JP FRET
JMP SRET
;TEST CHAR. AGAINST '0'
;IF ASCII CODE IS
LESS,CANNOT BE VALID
DIGIT
;ELSE SEE IF IN RANGE '0'-'9'
;CODE BET' '0' - '9'
;CODE EQUAL '9'
;NOT A DIGIT-TRY FOR A
LETTER
;NO CODE BET' '9'-'A'
;NO CODE THAN 'F'
;OKAY CODE IS 'A' TO 'F'
********************************************************
FUNCTION : VALDL
INPUTS : C - CHARACTER
OUTPUTS : CARRY - 1 IF INPUT ARGUMENT VALID
DELIMITER
- 0 OTHERWISE
CALLS : NOTHING
DESTROYS : A, F/F'S
DESCRIPTION :
VALDL RETURNS SUCCESS IF ITS
INPUT ARGUMENT IS A VALID
DELIMITER CHARACTER (SPACE,
COMMA, CR)AND FAILURE
OTHERWISE.
VALDL
0779 79
MOV A,C
077A FE2C
CPI ','
;CHECK FOR COMMA
077C CA3207
JZ SRET
077F FE0D
CPI CR
;CHECK FOR CARRIAGE
RETURN
0781 CA3207
JZ SRET
0784 FE20
CPI ' '
;CHECK FOR SPACE
0786 CA3207
JZ SRET
0769 C31C06
JMP FRET
;ERROR IF NONEOF ABOVE
********************************************************
MONITOR TABLES
********************************************************
078C 0D
078D
078E
0792
0796
079A
SGNON
0A
4D494352
4F465249
454E442D
4920200D
DB CR, LF, 'MICROFRIEND-I' CR, LF
EOT.
D-74
D-73
079E 0A
079F 00 LSGNON EQU S-SGNON
CADR
07A0
07A2
07A4
07A6
07A8
07AA
07AC
0000
1405
F004
D004
8604
6804
3704
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
DW
CTAB
07AE
07AE
07AE
07AE
07AE
07AE
0006
44
47
49
4D
53
58
NCMDS
DIGTB
07B4
07B5
07B6
07B7
07B8
07B9
07BA
07BB
07BC
07BD
07BE
07BF
07C0
07C1
07C2
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
45
07C3 46
;LENGTH OF
SIGNON MESSAGE
;TABLE OF
ADDRESSES OF
COMNMAND
ROUTINES
0
XCMD
SCMD
MCMD
ICMD
GCMD
DCMD
07C4 41
DB
07C5 EE
DB
07C6 00
DB0
0003
;TABLE OF VALID
COMMAND
CHARACTERS
DB
'D'
DB
'G'
DB
'I'
DB
'M'
DB
'S'
DB
'X'
EQU $-CTAB ;NUM. OF VALID
COMMANDS
;NUM. OF PRINT VALUE OF
HEX DIGITS
DB
'0'
DB
'1'
DB
'2'
DB
'3'
DB
'4'
DB
'5'
DB
'6'
DB
'7'
DB
'8'
DB
'9'
DB
'A'
DB
'B'
DB
'C'
DB
'D'
DB
'E'
DB
RTAB
07C7
07C8
07C9
07CA
07CB
07CC
07CD
07CE
07CF
07D0
07D1
07D2
07D3
07D4
07D5
07D6
07D7
07D8
07D9
07DA
07DB
07DC
07DD
07DE
07DF
07E0
07E1
07E2
07E3
07E4
RTABS
42
EC
00
43
EB
00
44
EA
00
45
E9
00
46
ED
00
49
F1
00
48
F0
00
4C
EF
00
4D
FD
01
53
F5
01
EQU
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DBD
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
'F'
;TABLE OF REGISTER
INFORMATION
'A'
;REGISTER
IDENTIFIER
ASAV AND 0FFH
;ADDRESS OF
REGISTER SAVE
LOCATION
;LENGTH FLAG 0=8
BITS 1=16 BITS
$-RTAB ;SIZE OF AN ENTRY
IN THIS TABLE
'B'
BSAV AND 0FFH
0
'C'
CSAV AND 0FFH
0
'D'
SAV AND 0FFH
0
'E'
ESAV AND 0FFH
0
'F'
FSAV AND 0FFH
0
'I'
ISAV AND 0FFH
0
'H'
HSAV AND 0FFH
0
'L'
LSAV AND 0FFH
0
'M'
MSAV AND 0FFH
1
'S'
SSAV AND 0FFH
1
D-76
D-75
07E5
07E6
07E7
07E8
50
F3
01
00
DB
DB
DB
DB
07E9 000B79
07EC BOC2C2
DB
JMP
07EF
07F2
07F5
07F8
07FA
07FD
07F0
07F3
07F5
07F7
0395
0397
0399
0800
0801
0802
0803
0804
0805
0806
0807
0808
0809
080A
080B
080D
080F
JMP
0CC3CA
0C3E95
D305C3
9503
C3C405
C39005
C3CA0C
3E95 CODE0
D305
C39503
3EF7 CODE1
D305
C9
08
CMDTB
00
03
02
0B
01
0A
0C
0D
0E
0F
A5FF CMDAD
A2FF
9FFF
'P'
PSAV+1 AND 0FFH
1
0
;END OF TABLE
MARK
0
CO
;TTY CONSOLE
OUTPUT
CI
;TTY CONSOLE INPUT
MVI
A, 95
OUT CNTRL
JMP
CODE1
MVI A, BLANK DOT
OUT DATA
RET
GO
SET
REG
STEP
SAVE
CODE
LOAD
U1
U2
U3
U4
U4RAM
U3RAM
U2RAM
0811
0813
0815
0817
0819
081B
081D
081E
0821
0823
0825
0827
0829
082B
082D
082F
0831
0833
0835
0837
0839
083B
083D
9CFF
AE0E
4108
B70C
FD00
5109
8B01
CB00
5C08
E50B
DD08
2909
BD08
5109
9F09
F10B
A70B
1502
1502
E60A
650B
1502
A608
083F
0841
0843
0846
0849
084A
084B
084E
0850
0851
0853
5B0E
0600 CODE
CDD701
CDF307
06
01
CD2B02
1600
7B
FE11
D21502
COD-A
U1RAM
LOAD
CODE
SAVE
STEP
REG
SET
RUN
00
MOVE BLOCK
01
FILL BLOCK
02
INSERT BYTE
03
DELETE BYTE
04
BLOCK SEARCH
05
HEX TO DECIMAL
06
DECIMAL TO HEX
07
PROGRAMMING
08
VERIFY
09
FERR
0A
BLANK CHECK
0B
BLANK CHECK
0C
CHKSUM
0D
FERR
0E
COMPLEMENT
BLOCK
0F
ROLLING DISPLAY
MVI B, NODOT
CALL CLEAR
MVI B, DTFLD
CALL GTHEX
JNC ERR
MVI D, 00
MOV A, E
CPI 10
JNC ERR
D-78
D-77
0856
0859
085C
085E
0861
0864
0867
0868
086B
086E
0870
0873
0874
0877
087A
087B
087C
087D
087E
087F
0822
0823
0824
0825
0828
0829
088C
088D
088F
0892
0895
0896
0897
0898
0899
089A
089D
089E
089F
08A2
08A5
08A6
08A9
212108
LXI H, CODEA
C3A40C
JMP
RMNCOD
3EFF MOVEBLK MVI A, 0FF
32BFFF
STA
COPYTEST
CD780A
BLMOV CALL LDAIL
2AB9FF
LHLD DSSAVE
EB
XCHG
2ABDFF
LHLD SSAVE
3ADFFF MB1 LDA
COPYTEST
FE00
CPI
L
CA7708
JZ
MB2
7E
MOV
A, M
C37A08
JMP
MB3
CDD60B
MB2
CALL READ
47
MB3
MOV B, A
EB
XCHG
77
MOV
M, A
7E
MOV
A, M
B8
CMP
B
C21502
JNZ
ERR
13
IND
X
23
INX
H
E5
PUSH H
CD6F0A
CALL
D1
POP
D
D26B08
JNC
MB1
CF
RST
1
CD46
2ABDFF FILL BLK
LHLD SSAVE
3AB8FF
LDA
SRSAVE
47
MOV
B, A
00
NOP
77
MOV
M, A
7E
MOV A, M
B8
CMP
B
C21502
JNZ
ERR
23
INX
H
EB
XCHG
CD6F08
CALL S-E
D29208
JNC
FB1
CF
RST 1
CD930A COMPLEMENT CALL LDSSE
2ABDFF
LHLD SSAVE
08AC
08AD
08AE
08AF
08B0
08B1
08B4
08B5
08B6
08B9
08BC
08BD
08C0
08C3
08C4
08C7
08C8
08CB
08CC
08CD
08D0
08D3
08D4
08D5
08D6
08D7
08DA
08DD
08E0
08E2
08E5
08E7
08EA
08EB
08ED
08F0
08F3
08F4
08F7
08FA
08FD
08FE
08FF
7E
CM1
2F
77
00
BE
C21502
23
EB
CD6F0A
D2AC08
CF
CD460C
2ABDFF
46
BZI
3AB8FF
B8
CCD408
23
EB
CD6F0A
D2C308
CF
E5
DISPLY
D5
F5
CD6203
C3910D
CDAA0A INSERT
0601
CDD701
0E03
CDC20A
00
0600
CD2B02
D21502
EB
22B6FF
CD490C
INS1
2ABBFF
54
5D
13
MOV A, M
CMA
MOV M, A
NOP
CMP M
JNZ
ERROR
INX
H
XCHG
CALL S-E
JNC
CM1
RST
1
BLOCKSEARCH CALL SRLD
LHLD SSAVE
MOV B, M
LDA
SERSAVE
CMP B
CZ
DISPLY
INX
H
XCHG
CALL S-E
JNC
BS1
RST
1
PUSH HL
PUSH DE
PUSH PSW
CALL UPDAD1
JMP
DISP1
CALL SEDI ;LOAD DE
MVI
B, 01
CALL CLEAR ;DOT IN ADDR. FIELD
MVI
A, 03
CALL DTDISP
NOP
MVI
B, 00
CALL GTHEX ;IA
JNC
ERROR
XCHG
SHLD IASAVE
;IA
CALL SRL1 ;LOAD SR
LHLD SESAVE
MOV D, H
;HL:SS-SE
MOV E, L
INX
D
;DE:DS(SE+1)
D-80
D-79
0900
0901
0902
0903
0904
0905
0906
0909
090A
090B
090C
090D
090E
0911
0912
0913
0914
0915
0916
0917
0918
091B
091E
0921
0922
0923
0924
0925
0929
092C
092E
0931
0933
0936
0937
7E
INSZ
47
EB
77
7E
B8
C21502
1B
2B
EB
D5
E5
2AB6FF
EB
E1
7D
93
7C
9A
D1
D20009
2AB6FF
3AB8FF
77
47
7E
B8
C2150A CF
CDAA0A DELETE
0601
CDD701
0E04
CDC20A
00
0600
MOV
MOV
XCHG
MOV
MOV
CMP
JNZ
DCX
DCX
ECHG
PUSH
PUSH
LHLD
ECHG
POP
MOV
SUB
MOV
SUB
POP
JNC
LHLD
LDA
MOV
MOV
MOV
CMP
JNZ
CALL
MVI
CALL
MVI
CALL
NOP
MVI
A, M
B, A
;DATA AT SS
M, A
A, M
B
ERR
DE
HL
DE
HL
IASAVE
HL
A, L
E
A, H
D
DE
INS2
TASAVE
SRSAVE
M, A
B, A
A, M
B
ERROR
SED1
B, 01
CLEAR
C, 04
DTDISP
B, 00
0939
093C
093F
0940
0943
0946
0947
0948
0949
094B
094E
0951
0953
0956
0958
095B
095E
095F
0962
0963
0966
0969
CD2B02
D21502
EB
22B4FF
000000
E5
D1
23
3EFF
32BFFF
C36B08
0E05
CDC20A
0600
CD2B02
D21502
EB
22B1FF
AF
32B1FF
010000
7C HD0
096A B5
096B CA8909
DISPLAY BC
096E 2B
096F
0970
0971
0972
0973
AF
79
3C
37
4F
CALL GTHEX
JNC
ERR
XCHG
SHLD DASAVE
NOPS
PUSH H
POP D
INX
H
MVI
A, FF
STA
COPYTEST
JMP
MB1
HEX-DEMVI
C, 05
CALL DTDISP
MVI
B, 00
CALL GTHEX
JNC
ERROR
XCHG
SHLD HESAVE
RAA
STA
CARRY LOC
LXI
B, 00
MOV A, H
;SEE HL=HEX
COUNT 00
ORA L
JZ
HD3
;OVER
DCX
HL
XRA
MOV
INR
DAA
MOV
A
A, C
A
C, A
;DECIMAL
CARRY CLEAR
;INCREMENT C
;DECIMALLY
D-82
D-81
0974
0977
0978
0979
097A
097B
097C
097F
0982
0983
D26909
AF
78
3C
27
47
D26909
3AB1FF
3C
32B1FF
0986
0989
098C
098D
098E
098F
C36909
3AB1FF HD3
67
68
C5
CD6203
0992
C1
JNC
XRA
MOV
INR
DAA
MOV
JNC
LDA
INR
STA
;IF NO CARRY
B, A
HD0
;IF NO CARRY CHECK
CARRY LOC
A
CARRY LOC ;CARRY
AFTER
JMP
HD0
;EACH BC
LDA
CARRY LOC ;DECIMAL
MOV H, A
MOV L, B
;IN ADDRESS
PUSH BC
;CARRY &
CALL MODI DAD1
;HIGHER
BYTE OF
POP BC
;BCD COUNTER
DATES
MOV A, C
;SHOWN OVER BYTE
CALL MODIDTA
HLT
0993 79
0994 CD6E03
0997 76
0998 TO 099E IS BLANK.
099F 0E06 DEC-HEX
09A1 CDC20A
09A4 0600
09A6 CD2B02
09A9 D21502
09AC D5
09AD C1
09AE 219999
09B1 110000
MVI
CALL
MVI
CALL
JNC
PUSH
POP
LXI
LXI
09B4 AF
09B5 00
09B6 08
XRA
NOP
DSUB
09B7
09B9
09BA
09BD
09BE
MVI
CMP
JNZ
CMP
JNZ
3E99 DH2
BD
C2C509
BC
C2C509
HD0
A
A, B
A
C, 06 ;DISPLAY DE
DTDISP
B, 00 ;GET IN DE
GTHEX
ERR ;DECIMAL
DE
;NUMBER
BC
;BC:NUMBER
H, 9999 ;HL:9999
D, 0000 ;DE:00 HEX
CNTR
;CLEAR CARRY
A, 99
L
DH0
P
DH0
;UNSPECIFIED LODE
HL-BC INTO HL
;9999-NUMBER
;IS HL 9999?
;IF NO LOOP
09C1 D5
09C2 C3640C
PUSH DE
JP DH2
09C5
09C6
09C7
09C8
AF
13
7D
3C
DH0
XRA A
INX DE
MOV A, L
INR A
09C9
09CA
09CB
09CE
09CF
27
6F
D2B709
AF
7C
DAA
MOV L, A
09D0
09D1
09D2
09D3
09D6
09D7
09DA
09DD
09E0
09E3
09E4
09E5
09E8
09E9
09EA
09ED
09F0
09F2
09F3
09F6
09F7
09F8
09F9
09FC
09FD
09FE
09FF
0A02
0A03
3C
27
67
C3B709
FF
C30F0E SERIAL
CDE309
CDFA03
C30804
20
BRI0
B7
FAE809
20
BRI1
B7
FAE809
21FAFF
1E04 BRI3
1D
BRI4
C2F209
23
20
B7
F2F009
E5
24
2C
22C0FF
E1
B7
INR A
DAA
MOV H, A
JMP DH1
XRA A
MOV A, H
JMP SRL1
CALL BRID
CALL SIGNON
JMP GETCM
RIM
ORA Z
JP BRID
RIM
ORA Z
JM BRI1
LXI H, -6
MVI E, 04
DCR E
JM BRI1
INX H
RIM
ORA A
JP BRI3
PUSH H
INR H
INR L
SHLD BIT TIME
POP H
ORA A
;SAVE HEX COUNT
;DISPLAY HEX
COUNT
;CLEAR CARRY
;INCREMENT HEX
;DECIMAL
ADJUST
& INCREMENT H1
;DECIMALLY
INCREMENT
;H AND
;CONTINUE
D-84
D-83
0A04
0A05
0A06
0A07
0A08
0A09
0A0A
0A0B
0A0D
0A10
0A11
0A13
0A15
0A16
0A18
0A19
0A1B
0A1E
0A20
0A23
0A26
0A29
0A2C
0A2D
0A30
0A33
0A34
0A35
0A38
0A3A
0A3B
0A3E
0A41
7C
1F
67
7D
1F
6F
24
0606
C3080E
79
CNVBN
D630
FE0A
F8
D607
C9
0601
CDD701
0E07
CDC20A
000600
CD2B02
D21502
EB
22ADFF
21E20A
AF
47
CDB702
3E01
47
21310B
CDB702
0601
0A43 CD2B02
MOV
RAR
MOV
MOV
RAR
MOV
INR
MVI
JMP
MOV
SUI
CPI
RM
SUI
RET
MVI
CALL
MVI
CALL
CALL
INC
XCHG
SHLD
LXI
XRA
MOV
CALL
MVI
MOV
LXI
CALL
MVI
CALL
A, H
H, A
A, L
L, A
H
B, 06
6PASS
A, C
'0'
10
7
B, 01
C, 07
GTHEX
ERROR
BRASAVE
H, CnADR
A
B, A
OUTOUT
A, 01
B, A
H, 0B31
;BLANK
OUTPUT
B, 01 ;USE ADDRESS FIELD
OF DISPLAY & DOT
GTHEX
0A46
0A47
0A4A
0A4B
0A4E
0A50
0A53
0A56
0A57
0A5A
0A5B
0A5C
0A5F
0A60
0A61
0A64
0A67
0A68
0A6B
0A6F
0A72
0A73
0A74
0A75
0A76
0A77
0A78
0A7B
0A7D
0A80
0A82
0A85
0A88
0A8B
0A8E
7B
32ACFF
C9
3AACFF SSTCP
FE00
CAFD00
2AF2FF
EB
2AADFF
7D
BB
C22601
7C
BA
C22601
3AACFF
3D
32ACFF
C3AB0C
2ABBFF
7D
93
7C
9A
EB
C9
CD930A
0601
CDD701
0E02
CDC20A
000600
CD2B02
D21502
EB
MOV
STA
RET
LDA
CPI
JZ
LHLD
XCHG
LHLD
MOV
CMP
JNZ
MOV
CMP
JNZ
LDA
DCR
STA
JMP
LHLD
MOV
SUB
MOV
SBB
XCHG
RET
LDALL
MVI
CALL
MVI
CALL
A, E
CnSAVE
CnSAVE
00
STEP
PCSAVE
BrSAVE
A, L
E
STP20
A, H
D
STP20
CnSAVE
A
CnSAVE
SST0
SESAVE
A, L
E
A, H
D
CALL LDSSE
B, 01
C, 02
CALL GTHEX
JNC
ERR
XCHG
D-86
D-85
0A8F
0A92
0A93
0A95
0A98
0A9B
0A9D
0A9E
0AA0
0AA3
0AA6
0AA7
0AAA
0AAC
0AAF
22B9FF
C9
0601
CDD701
0E00
CDC20A
00
0600
CD2B02
D21502
EB
22BDFF
0601
CDD701
0E01
SHLD
RET
LDSSE
CALL
LHLD
CALL
NOP
MVI
CALL
JNC
XCHG
SHLD
MVI
CALL
MCI
0AB1
0AB4
0AB7
0ABA
0ABD
0ABE
0AC1
0AC2
0AC4
0AC7
0AC8
0AC9
0ACB
0ACE
0AD0
0AD1
0AD2
0AD3
0AD4
0AD5
0AD6
0AD7
0AD8
0AD9
0ADA
0ADB
CDD20A
000600
CD2B02
D21502
EB
22BBFF
C9
0600
21CE0A
09
09
3E01
C3B702
0505 SSADR
05
0E
0D
05
13
0A
0D
0A
10
0E
0D
0E
CALL
DSSAVE
MVI C, 01
DIDISP
SSAVE
UPDAD1
B, 0
GTHEX
ERROR
SSAVE
B, 01
C, 01
CALL GTHEX
JNC
ERROR
XCHG
SHLD SESAVE
RET
DIDISP MVI B, 00
LXI
H, SSADR
DTDO DAD BC
DAD BC
MVI
01
JMP
OUTPUT
DCR B
DCR B
0ADC
0ADD
0ADE
0ADF
0AE0
0AE1
0AE2
0AE3
0AE4
0AE5
0AE6
0AE9
0AEC
0AEF
0AF1
0AF4
0AF5
0AF8
0AF9
0AFA
0AFD
0AFE
0B00
0B03
0B06
0B09
0B0B
0B0C
0B0D
0B0E
0B0F
0B10
0B13
0B14
0B15
0B16
0B19
0B1A
0B1B
0B1E
0B20
0B21
0B
14
15
15
05
14
15
15
0C
16
CD160B
210080
000000
06FF
7E0000
B8
C4D408
23
EB
CDD60B
67
2EFF
000000
000000
000000
0000
7D
93
7C
9A
EB
D2EF0A
CF
EF
FF
21310B
AF
47
CDB702
3E01
47
21310B
SRADR
CnADR
BLANCKCHK
BC1
BC3
PrLOAD
CALL
LXI
NOPs
MVI
MOV
CMP
CMZ
INX
XCHG
CALL
MOV
MVI
NOP
NOP
NOP
PrLOAD
H, 8000
B, FF
A, M NOP NOP
B
DISPLAY
H
CALC
H, L
L, FF
MOV
SUB
MOV
SBB
XCHG
JNC
A, L
E
A, H
D
LXI
XRA
MOV
CALL
MVI
MOV
LXI
H, PrADR
A
B, A
OUTPUT
A, 01
B, A
H, 0B ;BLANK OF
DISPLAY DOT
BC1
D-88
D-87
0B24 CDB702
0B27 0601
0B29 CD2B02
CALL
MVI
CALL
OUTPUT
B, 01
GTHEX
0B2C
0B2D
0B30
0B31
0B32
0B33
0B34
0B35
0B38
0B3B
0B3D
0B40
0B43
0B46
0B49
0B4C
0B4D
0B50
0B51
0B54
0B56
0B59
0B5A
0B5B
0B5E
0B5F
0B62
0B65
0B68
0B6B
0B6C
MOV
STA
RET
b
b
p
R
CALL
LDA
CPI
JZ
LXI
JMP
LXI
LXI
DAD
SHLD
XCHG
SHLD
MVI
JMP
A, E
PrSAVE
SSAVE
H, 00
DUP3
COPY
XRA
STA
JMP
CALL
CALL
MOV
MOV
CALL CDISP
A
COPYTEST
BLMOV
PrLOAD
CALC
D, A
E, FF
7B
32A7FF
C9
15
PRADR
15
12
14
CD900C DUPL
3AA9FF
FE01
CA460B
21FF07
C3490B
21FF0F DUP1
110030 DUP2
19
22BBFF
EB
22BDFF
2600
C3B10C
F7
0B
CD880C
AF
32BFFF CHKSUM
C36108
CD160B
CDD60B
57
1EFF
DDISP
PRSAVE
01
DUP1
H, 07FF
DUP2
H, 0FFF
D, 3000
DE
SESAVE
;GET HEX IN
ADDR.
0B6E
0B70
0B73
0B74
0B75
0B76
0B77
0B78
0B79
0B7A
0B7B
0B7E
0B7F
0B81
0B84
0B86
0B88
0B8B
0B8E
0B8F
0B91
0B92
0B93
0B94
0B95
0B96
0B99
0B9C
0B9E
0BA1
0BA4
0BA5
0BA6
0BA7
0BA9
0E00
210080
7E
CH0
81
4F
23
7B
95
7A
9C
D2730B
69
2600
CD620B
3E01
0600
21A50B
CDB702
76
0000
7B
CH2
95
7A
9C
E1
D2710B
CD6203
3E01
21A50B
CDB702
76
0C
CHADR
00
0000 VERIFY
CD800C
MOV
LXI
MOV
POP
ADD
INX
MOV
SUB
MOV
SBB
JNC
MOV
MVI
LXI
MVI
MVI
LXI
CALL
HALT
NOPs
MOV
SUB
MOV
SBB
POP
JNC
CALL
MVI
LXI
CALL
HALT
INR
NOP
NOP
CALL
C, 00
H, 8000
A, M
D
C
H
A, E
L
A, D
H
CH0
L, C
H, 00
H, CHADR
A,01
B,00
H, CHADR
OUTPUT
A, E
L
A, D
H
H
CH0
UPDAD1
A, 01
H, CHADR
GTHEX
C
VDISP
D-90
D-89
0BAC
0BAF
0BB0
0BB3
0BB4
0BB5
0BB6
0BB7
0BB8
0BB9
0BBA
0BBD
0BBE
0BBF
0BC0
0BC3
0BC4
0BC5
0BC6
0BC7
0BC8
0BC9
0BCC
0BCD
0BCE
0BD1
0BD2
0BD5
0BD6
0BD9
0BDA
0BDC
0BDD
0BDE
0BDF
0BE2
0BE4
0BE5
0BE8
0BEB
0BEE
0BF0
0BF1
2AB9FF
EB
2ABDFF
EB
46
VFY1
EB
7E
EB
B8
78
C4D408
23
13
E5
2ABBFF
7D
93
7C
9A
E1
00
D2B40B
CF
E5
CD6E03
F1
CD6E06
76
3AA9FF
CALC
47
3E03
37
17
05
F2DC0B
C680
C9
CD460C
CD8F08
000000
0000
00
PROGRAM
CD780A
LHLD
XCHG
LHLD
XCHG
MOV
XCHG
MOV
XCHG
MOV
XCHG
CMP
INX
INX
PUSH
LHLD
MOV
SUB
MOV
SBB
POP
NOP
JNC
RST
LDA
MOV
MVI
STC
RAL
DCR
JP
ADI
RET
CALL
JMP
NOPs
NOPs
NOP
CALL
DSSAVE
SSAVE
B, M
A, M
A, M
B
H
D
HL
SESAVE
A, L
E
A, H
D
H
VFY1
1
$20A9
B, A
A, 03
B
0BDC
80
SRKD
088F
0A78
0BF4
0BF7
0BF8
0BFB
0BFC
0BFD
0BFE
0BFF
0C00
0C01
0C02
0C03
0C05
0C08
0C09
0C0A
0C0B
0C0D
0C0E
0C11
0C12
0C13
0C14
0C15
0C16
0C17
0C1A
0C1B
0C1C
0C1D
0C20
0C21
0C24
0C25
0C26
0C27
0C2A
0C2D
0C2E
0C2F
0C31
0C33
0C34
2AB9FF
EB
2ABDFF
7E
47
EB
77
E5
C5
F5
D5
0600
CD6203
D1
D5
EB
0600
7E
CD6E03
D1
F1
C1
E1
7E
B8
C21502
13
23
E5
CD6F0A
D1
D2FB0B
CF
00
D5
11FF19
CDF105
D1
7A
F660
D302
13
23
LHLD
XCHG
LHLD
MOV
MOV
XCHG
MOV
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MVI
CALL
POP
PUSH
XCHG
MVI
MOV
CALL
POP
POP
POP
POP
MOV
CMP
JNZ
LDAX
INX
XCHG
CALL
POP
JNC
RST
NOP
PUSH
LXI
CALL
POP
MOV
ORI
OUT
INX
INX
FF89
FFBD
A, M
B, A
M, A
H
B
PSW
D
B, 00
0362
D
D
B, 00
A, M
036E
D
PSW
B
H
A, M
B
0215
D
H
0A6F
E
0BFB
7.5
DE
D, 19FF
DELAY
DE
A, D
60
02
D
H
D-92
D-91
0C35
0C36
0C37
0C3A
0C3B
0C3C
0C3D
0C3E
0C3F
0C40
0C43
0C46
0C49
0C4C
0C4D
0C4E
0C51
0C53
0C54
0C57
0C59
0C5C
0C5F
0C60
0C63
0C64
0C67
0C68
0C6B
0C6C
0C6F
0C70
0C72
0C75
0C78
EB
E5
2ABBFF
7D
93
7C
9A
E1
EB
D20E0C
C3360E
CD830A
21DE0A
AF
47
CDB702
3E01
47
CDB702
0601
CD2B02
D21502
7B
32B8FF
C9
CDD701
E1
C38D0D
C5
CDD701
C1
0600
21980C
C3C70A
CD780A
XCHG
PUSH
LHLD
MOV
SUB
MOV
SBB
POP
XCHG
JNX
JMP
SRKD CALL
LXI
XRA
MOV
CALL
MVI
MOV
CALL
MVI
CALL
INC
MOV
STA
RET
DH2
CALL
POP
JMP
MESG PUSH
CALL
POP
MVI
LXI
JMP
PDISP CALL
H
SESAVE
A, L
E
A, H
D
H
PRO
PR1
LDSSE
H, SRADR
A
B, A
OUTPUT
A, 01
B, A
OUTPUT
B, 01
GTHEX
ERR
A, E
SRSAVE
CLEAR
HL
DH3
BC
CLEAR
BC
B, 00
H, PADR
DIDO
LDALL
0C7B
0C7D
0C80
0C83
0C85
0C88
0C8B
0C8D
0C90
0C93
0C95
0C98
0C99
0C9A
0C9B
0C9C
0C9D
0C9E
0C9F
0CA0
0CA1
0CA2
0CA3
0CA4
0CA5
0CA6
0CA7
0CA8
0CA9
0CAA
0CAB
0CAE
0CB1
0CB4
b
p
b
V
h
r
b
D
B
S
b
L
0E00
C36B0C
CD780A
VDISP
0E01
C36B0C
CD160B
CDISP
0E02
C36B0C
CD160B
DDISP
0E03
C36B0C
15
BLANK
12
P
15
BLANK
17
U
15
BLANK
OR 0C C
15
BLANK
0D
D
15
BLANK
05
S
15
BLANK
11
L
19
RMNC0D
19
7E
23
66
6F
E9
C22601 SST0
C3FD00
22B9FF DUP3
C3F70B
MVI
JMP
CALL
MVI
JMP
CALL
MVI
JMP
CALL
MVI
C, 00
MESG
LDALL
C, 01
MESG
PRLOAD
C, 02
MESG
PRLOAD
C, 03
DAD
DAD
MOV
INX
MOV
MOV
PCHL
JNZ
JMP
SHLD
JMP
D
D
A, M
H
A, M
L, A
STP20
STEP
SSAVE
PROG
D-94
D-93
0CB7 CD930A SAVE CALL LDSSE
0CBA
0CBD
0CC0
0CC3
0CC5
0CC8
0CCB
0CCE
0CD1
0CD4
LXI
CALL
STA
MVI
CALL
CALL
STA
LXI
JC
CALL
H, FnSAVE
PrLOAD
FnSAVE
C, 04
MESG
CHKSUM1
(CHSAVE)
H, 4000D
ERROR
1KOUT
0CD7 21BAFF
LXI
H, BUSTADR
0CDA 010600
0CDD CD150D
LXI
CALL
B, 0006
TAPEOUT
0CE0 21A00F
0CE3 CD5E0D
0CE6 CDF50C
LXI
CALL
CALL
0CE9
0CEC
0CEF
0CF2
0CF5
0CF8
0CF9
0CFC
0CFD
0CFE
0CFF
0D00
0D01
0D02
0D03
0D04
0D07
0D08
0D09
21550D
CD190B
32BAFF
0E04
CD6B0C
CD040D
32BFFF
21A00F
DA1502
CD590D
;GET SS AND
SE BLOCK
LIMIT
;DISPLAY Fn
;SAME FILE NAME
;SAVE CHECKSUM
;MISMATCH ERROR
;1KHz LEADER FOR 4
SEC.
;BUFFER START
ADDRESS
;6 PARAMETER OIP
;SEND Fn,SE,SS &
CHECKSUM
H, 4000
2KOUT ;O/P 2KHz MIDSYNC.
GETPARA
;SET SS AND BLOCK
COUNT
CD150D
CALL TAPEOUT
21A00F
LXI
H, 4000D
CD5E0D
CALL 2KOUT
;2KHz END SYNC.
C34E00
JMP
SIGNON
;FrIEnd
2ABBFF
GETPARA
LHLD SESAVE
EB
XCHG
2ABDFF
LHLD SSAVE
;THIS RETURN SS IN
HL
7B
MOV A, E
;AND BYTE COUNT IN BC
95
SUB
L
4F
MOV C, A
7A
MOV A, D
;BC=DE-HL=SE-SS
9C
SBB
H
47
MOV B, A
03
INX
B
;BC=BYTE COUNT HL:SS
C9
RET
CDF50 CHKSUM CALL GETPARA
;GET PARAMETER
D8
RET
AF
XRA
A
86
SUM0 ADD A, HL
0D0A
0D0B
0D0C
0D0D
0D0E
0D0F
0D10
0D13
0D14
0D15
57
23
0B
78
B1
7A
C2090D
B7
C9
5E
TAPEOUT
0D16 CD210D
0D19 23
0D1A 0B
0D1B 78
0D1C B1
0D1D C2150D
0D20 C9
0D21 1608 OUTBYTE
0D23 B7
0D24 CD350D
0D27 7B
0D28 0F
0D29 CD690F
0D2C 15
0D2D C2270D
0D30 37
0D31 CD350D
0D34 C9
0D35 E5
OUTBIT
0D36 D5
0D37 C5
0D38 2600
0D3A DA470D
0D3D 2E08
0D3F CD5E0D
0D42 2E02
0D44 C34E0D
0D47 2E04
0D49 CD5E0D
0D4C 2E04
0D4E CD590D
0D51C1
MOV
INX
DCX
MOV
ORA
MOV
JNZ
ORA
RET
MOV
CALL
INX
DCX
MOV
ORA
JNZ
RET
MVI
ORA
CALL
MOV
RRC
CALL
DCR
JNZ
STC
CALL
RET
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
MVI
JC
MVI
CALL
MVI
JMP
MVI
CALL
MVI
CALL
POP
D, A
HL
BC
A, B
C
A, D
SUM0
A
E, M
;OUTPUT A MEMORY
BLOCK TO
OUTBYTE
;TAPE
HL
BC
A, B
C
TAPEOUT
D, 08
A
OUTBIT
A, E
OUTBIT
D
;8 BIT DATA
0B
OUTBIT ;STOP BIT
H
D
B
H, 00
OUT1
L, 08
2KOYT
L, 02
OUT2
L, 04
2KOUT
L, 04
1KOUT
B
D-96
D-95
0D52
0D53
0D54
0D55
0D56
0D57
0D58
0D59
0D5B
0D5E
0D60
0D61
0D63
0D64
0D65
0D66
0D69
0D6B
0D6C
0D6D
0D6E
0D6F
0D70
0D73
0D76
0D78
0D7B
0D7C
0D7D
0D7E
0D7F
0D82
0D85
0D86
0D87
D1
POP
E1
POP
C9
RET
15
FnADR BLANK
15
BLANK
0F
F
16
n
0E61 1KOUT MVI
C3600D
JMP
0E2E 2KOUT MVI
29
TONE DAD
3EC0
MVI
C5
SQW PUSH
30
SIM
0D
TP
DCR
C2650D
JNZ
EF80
XRI
47
MOV
2B
DCX
7C
MOV
B5
ORA
78
MOV
C3640F
JMP
CD170F GETBYTE
1608
MVI
CD170F
GET0
7B
MOV
1F
RAR
5F
MOV
15
DCR
C2780D
JNZ
CD170F
CALL
C9
RET
1D
BT1
DCR
C2860D
JNZ
D
H
C, F1K
TONE
C, F2K
HL
A, C0
B
C
TP
80
B, A
H
A, H
L
A, B
EXT
CALL GETBIT ;OIP DATA IN E
D, 08
CALL GETBIT
A, E
E, A
D
GET0
GETBIT
E
BT1
;STOP BIT BYPASSED
0D8A
0D8B
0D8C
0D8D
0D90
0D91
0D92
0D95
0D98
0D9A
0D9D
0D9E
0D9F
0DA0
0DA3
0DA6
0DA8
0DAB
0DAE
0DB0
0DB3
0DB4
0DB7
0DBA
0DBC
0DBD
0DBF
0DC2
0DC3
0DC4
0DC7
0DC9
0DCC
0DCD
0DD0
20
17
C9
CD6203
DH3
76
F1
DISP1
CD6E03
CDE702
DISP2
FE10
C2950D
D1
E1
C9
C2490D LOAD3
C34500
FE12
C21502
3AFDFF PRVRG
FE00
CAF702
3D
32FDFF
C3FA02
FE10
CHK
C8
FE12
C2CF01
C9
F1
INRDCR
2AF6FF
FE10
C2D00D
23
C3C701
FE12
DCR
RIM
RAL
RET
CALL
HLT
POP
CALL
CALL
CPI
INZ
POP
POP
RET
INZ
JMP
LDA
CPI
JZ
DCR
STA
JMP
CPI
RZ
CPI
JNZ
RET
POP
LHLD
CPI
JNZ
INX
JMP
CPI
UPDAD1
PSW
UPDAD1
RDKBD
11
DISP2
DE
HL
LOAD2
CMMND
RGPTR
00
RETF
A
RGPTR
RETT
INR
DCR
SUB15
PSW
CURAD
INR
DCR
H
SUB 20
DCR
D-98
D-97
0DD2 C2CF01
0DD5 2B
0DD6 C3C701
0DD9 FE10 VALCH
0DDB CA6702
0DDE FE12
0DE0 CA6702
0DE3 C3C500
0DE6 FE12 PRRG
0DE8 C21502
0DEB CDAB0D
0DEE C3C500
0DF1 0603 3PASS
0DF3 C3F80D
0DF6 0606
0DF8 2AC0FF BITSPAS
0DFB 2D
BP
0DFC C2FB0D
0DFF 25
0E00 C2FB0D
0E03 05
0E04 C2F80D
0E07 C9
0E08 2C 6PASS
0E09 229AFF
0E0C C3F80D
0E0F 21250E SRL1
0E12 AF
0E13 47
0E14 CDB702
0E17 21290E
0E1A 3E01
0E1C CDB702
0E1F 3E0C
0E21 30
0E22 C2DA09
0E25 S 05
0E26 E 0E
0E27 r 14
0E28 I 13
0E29 A 0A
0E2A L 11
JNZ
DCX
JMP
CPI
JZ
CPI
JZ
JMP
CPI
JNZ
CALL
JMP
MVI
JMP
SUB15
H
SUB20
INR
GTH25
DCR
GTH25
GTH30
DCR
ERR
PRVRG
00C5
B, 03
BITSPAS
LHLD
DCR
JNZ
DCR
JNZ
DCR
JNZ
RET
INR
SHLD
JMP
LXI
XRA
MOV
CALL
LXI
MVI
CALL
MVI
SIM
JMP
BITTIME
L
BP
H
BP
B
BITSPAS
L
HALFBIT
BITSPAS
H, SERIADR
A
B, A
OUTPT
H, ALADR
A, 01
OUTPT
A, 0C
0E2B
0E2D
0E2F
0E31
0E33
0E36
0E38
0E3A
0E3C
0E3E
0E41
0E44
0E46
0E49
0E4C
0E4D
0E4E
0E50
0E52
0E53
0E55
0E5B
3E82
0000
3EF0
D302
C30800
3E82
D303
3EF0
D302
C3AD0B
3AA9FF
FEFF
CA4C0E
C3D60B
7E
C9
FFFF
3E08
30
3EFF
32A9FF
217C0E
CLD0
PR1
READ1
READ2
COMPARE
ROLLING
0E5E E5
DISP
0E5F AF
ROLL1
0E60 47
0E61 CDB702
0E64 3E01
0E66 0600
0E68 CDB702
0E6B 11FFFF
SRL2
0E6E CDF105
0E71 7E
0E72 FEFF
0E74 E1
MVI
OUT
MVI
OUT
JMP
MVI
OUT
MVI
OUT
JMP
LDA
CPI
JZ
JMP
MOV
RET
A, 82
03
A, F0
02
CLDBK
A, 82
03
A, F0
02
VFY0
PrLOAD
FF
READ2
READ
A, M
MVI
SIM
MVI
STA
LXI
A, 08
A, FF
PrLOAD
H, STRING
;HL:STRING
ADDRESS
PUSH HL
;HL:SAVE
ADDRESS
XRA
A
;A=0
ADDRESS
MOV B, A
;NO DOT
CALL OUTPT
MVI
A, 01 ;USE DATA
FIELD
MVI
B, 00 ;NO DOT
CALL OUTPT
LXI
H, FFFF ;FULL
DELAY
CALL DELAY
MOV
A, M ;FF IS END OF
STRING
CPI
EOS ;GET BACK
START
POP H
;ADDRESS
INCREMENT
D-100
D-99
0E75 23
0E76 C25E0E
0E79 C35B0E
THE STRING:
0E7C 15
0E7D 15
0E7E 15
0E7F 15
0E80 15
0E81 0D
0E82 1B
0E83 16
0E84 0A
0E85 11
0E86 1C
0E87 19
0E88 15
0E89 18
0E8A 0E
0E8B 11
0E8C 12
0E8D 05
0E8E 15
0E8F 1B
0E90 1C
0E91 17
0E92 15
0E93 13
0E94 16
0E95 15
0E96 11
0E97 0E
0E98 0A
0E99 14
0E9A 16
INX
JNZ
JMP
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
BLANK
d
y
n
A
L
o
G
BLANK
h
E
L
P
S
BLANK
y
o
U
BLANK
I
n
BLANK
L
E
A
r
n
H
ROLL1
ROLLING
;IF NOT AT EOS
;IF NOT AT EOS
0E9B
0E9C
0E9D
0E9E
0E9F
0EA0
0EA1
13
16
19
15
17
12
FF
I
n
G
BLANK
U
P
EOS
MEMORY LOACTION USED :
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
208A
208B
208C
208D
208E
208F
2090
0EA2
0EA5
0EA6
0EA7
0EA8
15
15
X
Y
CD(GENERATED)
AB(GUESSED)
0D
D0
C0
0C
A0
B0
CMTR
(RANDOM IN BETWEEN)
CD730D PAPEIN
73
23
0B
78
CALL GETBYTE
MOV
INX
DCX
MOV
M, E
HL
BC
A, B
;MEMORY
BLOCK FROM
HL
;COUNT IN BC
D-102
D-101
0EA9
0EAA
0EAD
0EAE
0EB1
0EB4
0EB6
0EB9
0EBC
0EBF
B1
C3490F
FF
21550D
CD190B
0E05
CD6B0C
21E803
CD410F
DAB90E
ORA
JMP
C
TAPEIN
LXI
CALL
MVI
CALL
LXI
CALL
JC
HL, (FnADR)
PrLOAD
C, 05
MESG
HL, 1000D
PERIOD
LOAD0
0EC2 2B
0EC3 7C
DCX
MOV
HL
A, H
0EC4
0EC5
0EC8
0ECB
0ECE
0ED1
0ED4
0ED7
0EDA
0EDD
0EDE
0EE1
B5
C2BC0E
CD510E
D2C80E
21BAFF
010600
CDA20E
DAB90E
3ABAFF
F5
CD6E03
CD0A0F
ORA
JNZ
CALL
JNC
LXI
LXI
CALL
JC
LDA
PUSH
CALL
CALL
L
LOAD1
PERIOD
LOAD2
HL, BUFFST
B, 0006
TAPEIN
LOAD0
(TAPEF n)
PSW
MODIDT1
1.5 SEC
0EE4
0EE5
0EE6
0EE9
0EED
0EF0
0EF3
0EF6
F1
47
DA1502
B8
CDF50C
DA1502
CDA20E
DA1502
POP
MOV
LDA
CMP
CALL
JC
CALL
JC
PSW
B, A
Fn
A, B
GETPARA
ERROR
TAPEIN
ERROR
0EF9 CD040D
0EFC 21BFFF
0EFF FE
CALL CHKSUM1
LXI H, CHSAVE
CMP A, M
0F00
0F03
JNZ
LHLD
C21502
2ABDF
ERROR
SSAVE
0F06 CD6203
CALL
;GET Fn
0F09 76
HALT
;L DISPLAY
0F0A 0603 1.5 SEC
0F0C 11FFFF LOOP0
0F0F CDF105
MVI
LXI
CALL
B, 03
D, FFFF
DELAY
0F12
0F13
0F16
0F17
0F18
0F19
0F1A
0FAB
0F1E
0F21
0F24
DCR
JNZ
RET
PUSH
PUSH
PUSH
XRA
STA
LXI
CALL
INR
B
LOOP0
;NC:1KHz
;LOOP UNTIL SYNC
1KHz DOT
;LEADING SYNC
1000?
;GET Fn SE SS & CHK
;Fn IS DATA FIELD
;PASS OUT 2KHz
SYNC.
;FILE NOT FOUND
;ILLEGAL
PARAMETER
;COMPARE DATA
SUMWITHTAPE SUM
05
C20C0F
C9
C5 GETBIT
D5
E5
AF
32FFFF
210000
CD510F
GB0
14
0F25 15
0F26 C2400F
DCR
JNZ
0F29 DA330F
0F2C 2D
JC
DCR
0F2D 2D
0F2E 26FF
DCR
MVI
0F30
0F33
0F34
0F35
C3210F
2C
7C
FE00
JMP
INR
MOV
CPI
0F37
0F3A
0F3B
0F3C
0F3D
CA210F
7D
17
E1
D1
JZ
MOV
RAL
POP
POP
MODIAD1
;DISPLAY
START
ADDRESS ON
;ADDRESS
FIELD FOR
YOUR REF.
;5 X 3 = 1.5
SEC. DELAY
B
D
H
A
CARRY TEMP.
H, 0000
PERIOD
D
;NON
DESTRUCTIV
E TESTING
D
TOOMUCH
;D 0 LONG
PERIOD
2KP
L
;FOR 1KHz
DECREMENT
BY 2
L
H, FF
;1KHz END OF
THIS BIT
GB0
L
A, H
00
;H=00 2KHz IS
FIRST
GB0
A, L
H
D
;L=(=/2KHz PERIOD)-2
D-104
D-103
0F3E C1
0F3F C9
0F40 3EFF
POP
RET
TOOMUCH
MVI
;(=/ 1KHz PERIOD)
;L+CARRY=0
8(2K),2(1K)
A, FF ;L-CARRY=1
4(2K),4(2K)
CARRY TEMP ;ERROR
WHILE READING
H
D
B
0F68
0F69
0F6A
0F6D
0F6F
0F71
0F72
0F74
0F76
C9
RET
5F
NOB
C3350D
JMP
3E60 BYTER MVI
D302
OUT
60
NOP
3E30
MVI
D302
OUT
11FF68
LXI
1KHz = 114
MOV C, A
OUTBIT
A, 60
02
TAPEIN
0F79
0F7C
0F7E
0F80
0F82
0F84
0F86
0F88
0F8B
0F8F
CDF105
3E60
D302
0000
3EF0
D302
3E00
32A7FF
C3E900
FF
DELAY
A, 60
02
B
0F42
32FFFF
STA
0F45
0F46
0F47
0F48
0E49
E1
D1
C1
C9
C2A20E TAPEINO
POP
POP
POP
RET
JNZ
0F4C
0F4F
0F50
0F51
0F54
0F55
0F56
0F57
32FFFF
17
C9
110000 PERIOD
20
13
17
DA540F
LDA CARRY TEMP
RAL
RET
LXI
D, 0000
RIM
;GET IN SID BIT
INX
D
RAL
;CARRY = BIT
JC
PH
;10+7 IF CARRY PASS
HIGH BIT
RIM
INX
D
RAL
;IF NO BIT 0 PASS
LOW BIT
JNC
OF5A
MOV A, E
CMP A, THRSn
;IF E
TRESHOLD 1 KHz
RET
;IF E TRESHOLD 2
KHz
POP B
;D 0 TOO MUCH
JNZ
SOW ;LOOP COUNT 2KHz =
57
0F5A 20
0F5B 13
0F5C 17
0F5D D25A0F
0F60 7B
0F61 FE55
0F63
C9
0F64
0F65
C1
C2630D
;CARRY = 1 IF
ERROR
0 NO ERROR
CALL
MVI
OUT
NOPs
MVI
OUT
MVI
STA
JMP
A, 30
02
D, 200ms
;PREPARE
FOR 200ms
PHASE
A, 60
02
A, 00
PrSAVE
BC0
0F90 TO 0FFF IS UNUSED ROM. IT IS AVAILABLE FOR THE
USER.
1000 TO 11FF IS USED FOR UPLOADING & DOWNLOADING
MON SOFTWARE (APPENDIX F)
1200 TO 1FFF IS UNUSED ROM & IS AVAILABLE FOR THE
USER
D-105
APPENDIX E
PRODEDURE FOR UPLOADING AND
DOWNLOADING
Uploading Operating Instructions
For Uploading DYNA-85 kit should be in serial mode.
1.
Short P13 and P14 for serial mode.
2.
Connect serial cable between the serial port of PC and serial
connector J6 of DYNA-85 kit.
3.
Run tange on PC.
4.
Press F9 and wordsize 7 bit.
5.
Press reser of DYNA-85. Then press space key of terminal
keyboard. Message MICROFRIEND-1 and “.” Prompt is
displayed in the screen.
Note : If wordsize is 8 message displayed is “CaSRhj4RQ4YV”
and “.” Prompt. Just Ignore this message and do the following
for uploading.
6.
For Uploading (from kit to PC)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Type G1100 (ENTER)
Specify SS (source start) on prompt “SOURCE START”.
Press Enter.
Specify SE (source end) on prompt “SOURCE END”.
Press F9.
Press L to capture file.
After specifying the file name press enter.
Message “Capturing file” is displayed at the top of the
screen.
D-107
D-106
i.
j.
k.
Press enter.
Data to be transmitted to the file is displayed on the
screen while transmitting .
After complete data tranmission “.” Prompt appears on
the screen.
Press F9.
Press L to end capture. Then on prompt “Verify (y/n)
press “y” key and then enter.
Uploading ends here.
Downloading Operating Instructions
For Downloading DYNA-85 kit should be in serial mode.
1.
Short P13 and P14 for serial mode.
2.
Connect serial cable between the serial port of PC and serial
connector J6 of DYNA-85 kit.
3.
4.
Run tango on PC.
Press F9 and set wordsize 7 bit.
5.
Press reset of. DYNA-85. Then press space key of terminal
keyboard.Message MICROFRIEND-1 and “.” Pronpt is displayed
on the screen.
Note : If wordsize is 8 message displayed is “CaSRhj4RQ4YV”
and “.” prompt. Just ignore this message and do the following for
downloading.
6.
For Downloading (from PC to kit)
a. Type G1000.
b. Press Enter.
c. Specify SS on prompt “source start” and press enter.
d. Press F9.
e. Press m to transmit file.
f. Enter file name.
g. Press Enter.
h. Press F9.
i. After transmitting a file fully,”.” Prompt is displayed in the
screen .
Downloading ends here.