Shortcuts Used
in
Informing
Impression of
Others
simplified
mental
processes
or
cognitive
Shortcuts
strategies that people use to quickly assess or
judge others based on limited information or
cues
overall perception or judgment we form
Impressions
about a person, situation, or thing based
on our observations, experiences, and
interactions
During a social gathering, you meet someone for the first time. You
notice they are dressed casually and seem reserved in their
conversation. Based on these initial cues, you quickly form an
impression that they might be laid-back and introverted, without
having deeper knowledge of their personality or background
Selective perception is the tendency to focus on
certain aspects of a person while ignoring others
based on preconceived notions or biases.
SELECTION
The halo effect is the inclination to generalize a
positive or negative impression from one aspect of a
person's character to their entire being
1
Halo Effect
2
Contrast
Effects
3
Contrast effects occur when we evaluate someone
based on how they compare to others rather than
considering their individual qualities.
Selection
if you believe
someone is lazy,
you may notice
instances that
confirm this belief
while overlooking
evidence to the
contrary
Selection
Selection
Selective perception
a teacher has a
can lead to
misunderstandings
preconceived
and biased
notion that a
judgments, affecting particular student
both personal and
is always
professional
disruptive
relationships.
Halo Effect
If you perceive
someone as friendly,
you might assume
they are also
trustworthy and
competent, even if
you have no
evidence for these
assumptions
Halo Effect
Halo Effect
cognitive shortcut can
be particularly
a teacher forms a
influential in situations
positive impression of
like job interviews or
a student because
when evaluating
leaders. It's essential to they are well-behaved
and respectful in class,
be aware of the halo
they might assume
effect because it can
that this student is also
lead to inaccurate
academically gifted.
assessments.
Contrast
Effect
if you interview two job
candidates, one
immediately after the
other, you may view
the second candidate
more favorably if they
appear stronger in
contrast to the first
Contrast
Effect
This can lead
to unfair
judgments and
overlooking a
candidate's
true potential.
Contrast
Effect
A teacher who grades
papers one after
another may give
higher grades to the
papers of students
who submitted work
after a particularly
poorly written
assignment.