• FACE TO FACE
• PHONE CONVERSATION
• GROUP DISCUSSION
• MEETING OR INTERVIEW
• A LETTER CORRESPONDENCE
• CLASS RECITATION
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
•TO ACHIEVE UNDERSTANDING OR SHARED MEANING
AND TO PERSUADE, INFORM, ENTERTAIN, AND
MANAGE RELATIONSHIPS
DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
A.ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING OF COMMUNICATION.
•THE WORD COMMUNICATION IS DERIVED FROM TWO LATIN
WORDS “COMMUNIS” (NOUN) AND COMMUNICARE
(VERB) WHICH MEANS COMMONALITY AND TO MAKE
COMMON RESPECTIVELY. FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF
ETYMOLOGICAL DEPTH, COMMUNICATION REFERS TO
SHARING OF SOMETHING.
•COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS OF EXPRESSING AND
EXCHANGING INFORMATION, THOUGHTS, IDEAS AND
FEELINGS. ACCORDING TO WOOD (2004),
COMMUNICATION IS A SYSTEMATIC PROCESS IN WHICH
INDIVIDUALS INTERACT WITH AND THROUGH SYMBOLS
TO CREATE AND INTERPRET MEANING.
•COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS OF SHARING AND
CONVEYING MESSAGES OR INFORMATION FROM
ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER WITHIN AND ACROSS
CHANNELS, CONTEXTS, MEDIA, AND CULTURES (MC
COMACK, 2014).
COMMUNICATION IS A STRUCTURED TWO-WAY PROCESS ESSENTIAL IN
TRANSMITTING INFORMATION AND EXPRESSING IDEAS AMONG
INDIVIDUALS. THIS TWO-WAY PROCESS MAY COME IN TWO FORMS:
VERBAL WITH THE USE OF WORDS OR UTTERANCES, SPEECHES,
PRESENTATIONS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS AMONG OTHERS AND
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION WITH THE USE OF GESTURES, BODY
MOVEMENTS, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, POSTURE, AND EYE
CONTACT.
• HUMAN BEINGS COMMUNICATE IN TWO TYPES OF SETTINGS: INFORMAL AND
FORMAL. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION IS THE CASUAL AND UNOFFICIAL FORM
OF COMMUNICATION WHEREIN THE INFORMATION IS EXCHANGED
SPONTANEOUSLY
• INFORMAL COMMUNICATION IS THE CASUAL AND UNOFFICIAL FORM OF
COMMUNICATION WHEREIN THE INFORMATION IS EXCHANGED
SPONTANEOUSLY BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PERSONS WITHOUT CONFORMING
THE PRESCRIBED OFFICIAL RULES, PROCESSES, SYSTEM, FORMALITIES AND
CHAIN OF COMMAND. FORMAL COMMUNICATION REFERS TO INTERCHANGE OF
INFORMATION OFFICIALLY. THE FLOW OF COMMUNICATION IS CONTROLLED. AN
EXAMPLE OF THIS FORMAL COMMUNICATION ARE THE FOLLOWING: MEETINGS
WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION, MEMOS, REPORTS, LEGAL DOCUMENTS AND
PUBLICATIONS.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
• 1. SPEAKER- THE SOURCE OF INFORMATION OR MESSAGE
• 2. MESSAGE- THE INFORMATION, IDEAS, OR THOUGHTS CONVEYED BY THE SPEAKER IN
WORDS OR IN ACTIONS
• 3. ENCODING- THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING THE MESSAGE INTO WORDS, ACTIONS, OR
OTHER FORMS THAT THE SPEAKER UNDERSTANDS
• 4.
CHANNEL- THE MEDIUM OR THE MEANS, SUCH AS PERSONAL OR NON-PERSONAL,
VERBAL OR NONVERBAL, IN WHICH THE ENCODED MESSAGE IS CONVEYED OR
TRANSMITTED.
• 5. DECODING- THE PROCESS OF INTERPRETING THE ENCODED MESSAGE OF THE SPEAKER
BY THE RECEIVER
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
• 6. RECEIVER- THE RECIPIENT OF THE MESSAGE, OR SOMEONE WHO DECODES
THE MESSAGE
• 7. FEEDBACK- THE REACTIONS, RESPONSES, OR INFORMATION PROVIDED BY
THE RECEIVER
8. CONTEXT- THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE COMMUNICATION TAKES PLACE
9. BARRIER- THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE FLOW OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
• COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS OF PASSING INFORMATION AND
UNDERSTANDING FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER.
• THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS INVOLVES SIX BASIC ELEMENTS:
SENDER (ENCODER), MESSAGE, CHANNEL, RECEIVER (DECODER),
NOISE/BARRIER AND FEEDBACK.
• SOMETIMES WE FAIL TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY WHICH LEADS TO
MISUNDERSTANDING OR CONFUSION.
• WHY DO YOU THINK THIS HAPPEN?
• HOW CAN WE AVOID THIS SCENARIO?
• WE ARE SOMETIMES MISUNDERSTOOD BECAUSE OF THE WAY WE SPEAK, THE
TONE OF OUR VOICE, THE MANNER OF OUR SPEECH, THE NON-VERBAL ACTIONS
THAT WE USE IN A FACE-TOFACE CONVERSATION. WE ARE ALSO
MISINTERPRETED WHEN WE SEND TEXTS OR CHAT MESSAGES BECAUSE OF THE
BRIEF MESSAGES THAT WE SEND WHICH ARE DEVOID OF EMOTIONS LEARN BY
HEART THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION FOR YOU TO BECOME A GOOD
COMMUNICATOR AND TO AVOID MISUNDERSTANDINGS OR
MISCOMMUNICATIONS.