ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TITLE OF THE LESSON: MICROSCOPE MS. JULIE VIRAY 1ST SEMESTER A.Y.M 2023-2024 • • • OUTLINE History of the discovery of microscope Introduction of the microscope Parts of microscope INTRODUCTION TO THE MICROSCOPE • • • DISCOVERY OF MICROSCOPE ZACHARIAS JANSSEN (1580 – 1638) • • • Dutch spectacle maker Credited with making one of the earliest compound microscopes (ones that used two lenses) around 1600. 20 or 30 times magnification • • "Micro" = tiny "scope" = to view or look at Microscopes - tools used to enlarge images of small objects so as they can be studied. Simple microscope. o A primitive light microscope with only one lens o Do not have a condenser. o Use natural light and fewer knobs and hooks for adjustability. Compound microscope o considered to be one of the standard microscopes o can be used for general purposes. 2 types of lenses used in Compound Microscope ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723) • • • • pg. 1 Dutchman Made microscopes by grinding his own lenses; size of thumb 200x magnification Observed animal and plant tissue, human sperm and blood cells, minerals, fossils. 1. Objective lens - placed close to the object that needs to be examined. 2. Eyepiece / Ocular lens - allows the image to be viewed Uses of Compound Microscope 1. The identification of diseases becomes easy in pathology labs with the help of a compound microscope. 2. Forensic laboratories use compound microscopes for the detection of human fingerprints. 3. The presence of metals can be detected with the help of a compound microscope. 4. The study of bacteria and viruses becomes easy with the help of a compound microscope. 5. Schools use compound microscopes for academic purposes. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TITLE OF THE LESSON: MICROSCOPE MS. JULIE VIRAY 1ST SEMESTER A.Y.M 2023-2024 PARTS OF SIMPLE MICROSCOPE 1. Eyepiece or Ocular Lens a. Eyepiece lens magnifies the image of the specimen. This part is also known as ocular. b. Most school microscopes have an eyepiece with 10X magnification. (5X, 10X, 15X, 20X) 2. Eyepiece Tube or Body Tube a. The tube hold the eyepiece. 3. Nosepiece / Revolving Turret a. Nosepiece holds the objective lenses. You choose the objective lens by rotating to the specific lens one you want to use. 4. Objective Lenses a. Most compound microscopes come with three or four objective lenses that revolve on the nosepiece. b. compound lens that forms a real inverted image of the image inside the body tube. c. Combined with the magnification of the eyepiece the resulting magnification is 40X, 100X and 400X magnification. d. These lenses are present over the nose piece. Types of objective lenses: Scanner (4x) Low power (10x) High power (40x) Oil immersion (100x) *10x Eyepiece x 40x Objective = 400x Total Magnification* pg. 2 5. Arm a. The Arm connects the base to the nosepiece and eyepiece. b. It is the structural part that is also used to carry the microscope. 6. Stage a. The stage is where the specimen is placed. b. This place is for observation. 7. Stage Clips a. Stage clips are the supports that hold the slides in place on the stage. 8. Diaphragm / Iris a. controls the amount of light passing through the slide. b. It is located above the condenser and below the stage and is usually controlled by a round dial. 9. Condenser a. used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen. b. Located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm. 10. Illuminator a. Most light microscopes use a low voltage bulb which supplies light through the stage and onto to the specimen. Mirrors are sometimes used instead of a built-in light. If your microscope has a mirror, it provides light reflected from ambient light sources like classroom lights or sunlight if outdoors. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TITLE OF THE LESSON: MICROSCOPE MS. JULIE VIRAY 1ST SEMESTER A.Y.M 2023-2024 11. Coarse focus a. moves the stage to provide general focus on the specimen. When bringing a specimen into focus, the course dial is the first one used. 12. Fine focus a. Moves the stage in smaller increments to provide a clear view of the specimen. When bringing a specimen into focus, the fine focus dial is the second one used. 13. Base a. The base is the main support of the microscope. b. The bottom, where all the other parts of the microscope stand. MICROSCOPE HANDLING • • pg. 3 Carry the microscope with both hands --- one on the arm and the other under the base of the microscope. Remove the dust cover and store it properly. Plug in the scope. Do not turn it on until told to do so.
