Customer's Benefit
BUREAU VERITAS assists
• in getting access to international market
• to become certified by ASME
• to introduce Quality Systems
• to become familiar with American Codes & Standards
• to achieve the Registration with Canadian Jurisdictions
• in the Design Calculation or the Design Review
• to qualify welding procedures and welders to ASME Code
• to achieve State Special from Jurisdictions
• in the cost effective application of the ASME Code
• to minimize Product Liability risks
• in Codes and Standard Engineering
FMTUEV.PPT 08/02
The new One
ASME Code
a)
General
b)
Section I
c)
Section IV
d)
Section VIII Div.1
e)
Section IX
f)
Section V
g)
Ejemplos calculo
B31.PPT 09/03
What is ASME ?
A
- always
- American
S
- sometimes
- Society of
M
- maybe
- Mechanical
E
- except
- Engineers
SEC0.PPT 09/2007
ASME Code Key Words
Shall: absolut mandatory
may not: forbidden
May: recommendation
Can: except when prohibited
Should: bid with alternatives
Hierarchy of Standards (jerarquia)
• Laws and Regulations at the place of Installation
(e.g. Minnesota, New York City, Quebec, Timbuktu,...)
• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Construction-Code
ASME B31.1
Section I
Section III
Section IV
Section VIII
Section X
Section XII
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
Heating Boiler
Pressure Vessel
Fiber Plastics
Transport Tanks Power Piping
Reference Code
ASME B31.1
Section II
Section V
Section IX
Power Piping
Material
NDE
Welding
Section VI
Section VII
Section XI
Heating Boiler
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
"Inservice"-Code
Standards, Recommendations
ANSI
ASTM
AWS
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC(repair, alterations,
Re-rating)
SEC0.PPT 01 / 2007
ASME Code
Editions:
Every 3 years new issuance (2001, 2004, 2007...)
(current edit. 2015).
Interpretations:
Issued by ASME Code committees upon request.
Not part of the Code.
Code Cases:
Formulated by the ASME Code Committee to
clarify existing requirements or to provide rules
not covered by the existing Code.
re-affirmed:
referenced Codes & Standards
ASME B16.5 - E2013 Pipe Flanges and
Flanged Fittings
SEC0.PPT 05/2008
CODE CASES
CODE CASES
CODE CASES
ASME Code – Electronic version
•
•
•
•
•
Use of Electronic Version of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code by Certificate Holders.
Effective with the issuance of the 2007 Edition of the BPVC, ASME will no longer
require Certificate Holders to purchase a print version of the books required for that
certification. They have the option of purchasing only an electronic version from a
licensed reseller.
•
Current Licensees for Electronic Versions of BPVC
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ANSI - The American National Standards Institute, Inc.
Webstore: http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/default.asp
Customer Service: info@ansi.org , 1- 212-642-4980
Subscriptions/site licenses: http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/site_license.asp
BSI Business Information
Worldwide Standards Direct
389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, UK
Web address: http://www.bsi-global.com/en/Standards-and-Publications/Business-Information/Worldwide-Standards-Direct/
IHS, Inc.
15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO, 80112
888-752-0334 or 800-854-7179
About IHS: www.ihs.com
About IHS ASME BPVC product offerings:
http://engineers.ihs.com/collections/asme/bpvc-2007.htm
SAI Global - ILI Publishing
Index House, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7EU
Tel: + 44 (0)1344 636300
Fax: + 44 (0)1344 291194
Email: standards@saiglobal.com
www.ili.co.uk
Thomson Scientific / Techstreet
www.techstreet.com
Tel 1-800-699-9277 x 3941
FAX 1-734-913-3946
techstreet.service@thomson.com
Subscriptions Sales Manager: Brian Kelley 734-913-3941, brian.kelley@thomson.com
Manufacturer
• What is a Code - Manufacturer ?
• - QC system according to requirements
of the Code
• - Audited by ASME, every 3 years new
• - Valid service - Agreement with AIA
• - Authorized by ASME to use the ASME
stamp.
• (Certificate of Authorization, max. Valid
for 3 years
Scroll down to the
standard you want
to search
Scroll down to the
standard you want
to search
INTERPRETATIONS
http://cstools.asme.org/Interpretation/SearchInterpretation.cfm
Type in topic
Interpretation p
NB 370- SYPNOSIS
http://www.nationalboard.org/ViewAllSynopses.aspx
Synopsis: Example - Minnesota
State Department
Joel Amato, Chief Boiler Inspector
Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry
Code Administration and Inspection Services
2008 Edition
Boiler Division
443 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155-4304
Telephone — 651.284.5137
Email — joel.amato@state.mn.us
Fax — 651.284.5737
Web site — www.doli.state.mn.us/code.html
Empowerment
Commissioner of Labor and Industry empowered to make, alter, and amend rules and regulations.
Boiler Board: Yes. (Contact above offi cial for more information.)
Date of Passage of Law
Date of latest amendment to law: 2007.
Date rules and regulations implemented: 1881.
Date of latest rules and regulations: November 2004.
State statute: Minnesota Statutes – 2005, Chapters 183.375 to 183.62, Boilers. Minnesota Rules – Chapter 5225.
Rules for Construction and Stamping
Construction:
1. ASME Code (Current Edition, Current Addendum), Sections I, II, III (Divisions 1, 2), IV, V, VI, VII, VIII (Divisions 1, 2, 3), IX, X, XI, and code
cases.
2. ASME CSD-1 (Current Edition).
3. ASME B31.1 (Current Edition).
4. ASME PVHO.1 (Current Edition).
5. Code addenda and case interpretations accepted automatically.
6. Manufacturers must fi le a copy of Manufacturer’s Data Report with the department on ASME forms, except tanks or cylinders used for
storage or transfer of liquifi ed petroleum gases for which data reports are not required.
7. Registration with the National Board of non-ASME Code items and use of these items is allowed to comply with GATT and NAFTA treaties.
8. National Board Inspection Code (Current Edition, Current Addendum).
9. National Board registration required for boilers and pressure vessels.
10. CSA B51 (2001 Edition) with National Board registration number.
11. Special design or construction requires approval of the chief boiler inspector.
12. Minnesota Steam Fitters Contractors License required for all high-pressure steam piping and hot-water district heating over 30 psi, and
and ammonia refrigeration piping. Contact Chief HPP Inspector Todd Green at 651.284.5124 with highpressure piping questions.
Stamping:
Where appropriate, the following National Board stamps or ASME Code symbol stamps are required:
1. National Board: NR, R, VR.
2. ASME Code: all. PP, S, or A stamp required up to second stop valve. High-pressure piping license and permit required beyond boiler.
MINNESOTA
Sec I_2010
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME,
National Board, Authorized
Inspector
B31.PPT 09/03
What is Authorized Inspection?
Jurisdiction USA & CANADA
Members
National Board
Licence
OneCIS
Insurance Company
Commissioning
Authorized
Inspectors
Registration
of Data
Reports
Licence
Issuance
ASME
ASME
Code
Accreditation AIA
Bureau Veritas
“R-Stamp“
Service
Authorization
“ASME Stamp“
Manufacturer
FMTUEV.PPT 05/03
AIA
Authorized Inspection Agencies (AIA)
Who?
or
- American Insurance companies authorized to write
pressure equipment insurance
- Jurisdictional Authorities
Responsibilities?
- provide inspection service during construction
- inspections under the licence of the Jurisdictions
- provide insurance service
SEC0.PPT 05/98
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Certifications
„Stamps“
B31.PPT 09/03
Procedure of ASME Authorization
• Obtain Application Forms from ASME:
http://www.asme.org/Codes/CertifAccred/Certification/Application_Forms_2.cfm
• Submit Application Forms to ASME and remit Fees
• Purchase ASME Code Books
• Describe a QC-System according ASME Code
• Prepare a Demonstration Item
• Qualify Procedures and Personnel
• Pre-Joint Review by the Supervisor of AIA
• Joint Review (Audit) with ASME Designee, Inspector and Supervisor
• Issuance of Certificate and Stamp by ASME
OneTUVBV.ppt 05/2008
Efforts of an ASME Authorization
ASME Code Books
QC Manual and Procedures
70
%
Qualification of Procedures and Personnel
Representative Demo Item
Drawing, Calculation, Part List,
Purchase Orders, Material Test Reports
Min. 4 Months of Preparation
Demonstration of the QC- System in a Joint Review
Issuance of Certificates and Stamps 1 month later
OneTUVBV.ppt 5-03
Advantages of an ASME Certificate
• Export into USA / Canada + 113 Countries
• Authorization to construct "stamped items"
• Publication on the internet
• Certified know how in the use of the ASME Code
• Wide scope of responsibilities as an "ASME Manufacturer"
• Certified and world wide recognized Quality Control System
"ASME„
• more profit !
OneTUVBV.ppt 02/04
ASME Certificates
ASME Code Certificates are not required for:
Material Manufacturers (except Section III)
Manufacturers of Welding Consumables (except Section III)
Valve Manufacturers (except Section III and Safety Valves)
Suppliers of Services (Design, Heat Treatment, Machining)
Piping Manufacturers (except Section III and Section I Boiler External Piping)
KOLB\SEC0.PPT 5-01
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Structure of ASME Code.
Marking
B31.PPT 09/03
Hierarchy of Standards
SEC0.PPT 01 / 2007
Hierarchy of Standards
• Laws and Regulations at the place of Installation
(e.g. Minnesota, New York City, Quebec, Timbuktu,...)
• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Construction-Code
ASME B31.1
Section I
Section III
Section IV
Section VIII
Section X
Section XII
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
Heating Boiler
Pressure Vessel
Fiber Plastics
Transport Tanks Power Piping
Reference Code
ASME B31.1
Section II
Section V
Section IX
Power Piping
Material
NDE
Welding
Section VI
Section VII
Section XI
Heating Boiler
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
"Inservice"-Code
Standards, Recommendations
ANSI
ASTM
AWS
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC
SEC0.PPT 01 / 2007
ASME and National Board Stamps
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Section I - Steam Boilers
Section VIII Div. 1 - Pressure Vessels
S
A
E
M
PP
V*
U
UM *
UV *
UD *
steam boilers (master)
assembly only
electric boilers
miniature boilers
power piping (B31.1)
safety valves
Section IV - Heating Boilers
H*
H
HLW
HV *
cast iron heating boilers
wrought steel heating boilers
potable water heaters
safety valves
pressure vessels
miniature vessels
safety valves
rupture disk devices
Section VIII Div. 2 - Alternative Rules
U2
pressure vessels
Section VIII Div. 3 – Alternative hig pressure
vessels
U3
UV3*
High Pressure Vessels
safety valves
Section X - Fibre reinforced Plastic
Pressure Vessels
RP
pressure vessels
National Board Inspection Code
Section XII – Transport Tanks
R
VR*
T
TV*
TD*
repair and alteration
repair of safety valves
Transport tanks
safety valves
rupture disk devices
* Components not subject to Authorized Inspection, ASME Audit of the Manufacturer
SEC0.PPT 01 / 2015
ASME Code Symbol Stamps
SEC0.PPT 01/2008
ASME Code Symbol Stamps
SEC0.PPT 01/2008
ASME Code Symbol Stamps
ASME "Nuclear Certificates"
ASME Code Section III (Nuclear Components)
N
Nuclear Components
Vessels, Piping Systems, Valves, Pumps, etc.
NA
Nuclear Installer
Assembly of Components
NPT
Nuclear Parts
Welded Parts of Nuclear Components
NV
Nuclear Safety Valves
NS
Nuclear Supports
Certificate of Accreditation
QSC
Quality System Certificate
Material Manufacturers
\SEC0.PPT 06/01
ASME-Code
STATEMENT OF POLICY
ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING
TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS
The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code provides rules for the construction of
boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear
components. This includes requirements for
materials, design, fabrication, examination,
inspection, and stamping. Items constructed
in accordance with all of the applicable rules
of the Code are identified with the official
Code Symbol Stamp described in the
governing Section of the Code.
Markings such as "ASME," "ASME
Standard," or any other marking including
"ASME" or the various Code Symbols shall
not be used on any item which is not
constructed in accordance with all of the
applicable requirements of the Code.
Items shall not be described on ASME Data
Report Forms nor on similar forms referring
to ASME which tend to imply that all Code
requirements have been met when, in fact,
they have not been. Data Report Forms
covering items not fully complying with
ASME requirements should not refer to
ASME or they should clearly identify all
exceptions to the ASME requirements.
SEC0.PPT 3/98
NATIONAL BOARD INSPECTION CODE
NATIONAL BOARD INSPECTION CODE
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME Material
and
ASTM Specifications
B31.PPT 09/03
Section II Materials
Contents:
Part A:
Ferrous Material Specification
Part B:
Nonferrous Material Specification
Part C:
Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes
and Filler Metals
Part D:
Properties ( US Customary units or Metric units )
(including Temperature and Stress Values)
SEC2.PPT E95A95
SECTION II-
SPECIFICATION FOR SEAMLESS CARBON STEEL PIPE
FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE
SA-106/SA-106M
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers seamless carbon steel pipe
for high-temperature service (Note 1) in NPS 1⁄8 to NPS 48
[DN 6 to DN 1200] (Note 2) inclusive, with nominal (average)
wall thickness as given in ASME B36.10M. It shall
be permissible to furnish pipe having other dimensions
provided such pipe complies with all other requirements
of this specification. Pipe ordered under this specification
shall be suitable for bending, flanging, and similar forming
operations, and for welding. When the steel is to be welded,
it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable to the
grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized.
NOTE 1 — It is suggested, consideration be given to possible graphitization.
NOTE 2 — The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) [DN
(diameter nominal)] has been substituted in this standard for such traditional
terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature
are provided for seamless pipe intended for use in applications
where a superior grade of pipe is required. These
supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be
made and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only
to the test method portion, Sections 11, 12, and 13 of this
specification: This standard does not purport to address
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 The inclusion of the following, as required will
describe the desired material adequately, when ordered
under this specification:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (seamless carbon steel pipe),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Manufacture (hot-finished or cold-drawn),
3.1.5 Size (NPS [DN] and weight class or schedule
number, or both; outside diameter and nominal wall thickness;
or inside diameter and nominal wall thickness),
3.1.6 Special outside diameter tolerance pipe
(16.2.2),
3.1.7 Inside diameter tolerance pipe, over 10 in.
[250 mm] ID (16.2.3),
3.1.8 Length (specific or random, Section 17),
3.1.9 Optional requirements (Section 9 and S1 to S8),
3.1.10 Test report required (Section on Certification
of Specification A 530/A 530M),
3.1.11 Specification designation (A 106 or A 106M,
including year-date),
3.1.12 End use of material,
3.1.13 Hydrostatic test in accordance with Specification
A 530/A 530M or 13.3 of this specification, or NDE
in accordance with Section 14 of this specification.
3.1.14 Special requirements.
SA-106/SA-106 M (SA-530) Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness
8.1 Seamless and Welded (no filler metal added) —
The minimum wall thickness at any point shall be
within the tolerances specified in Table 1, except that
for welded pipe the weld area shall not be limited by the
over tolerance.
The minimum wall thickness on inspection for –12.5%
is shown in Table X1.1 (nominal thickness x 0,875)
ASME II A (SA-530) Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness
MATERIAL MARKING CHECK LIST
Section II - SA-182/SA-182M
SPECIFICATION FOR FORGED OR ROLLED ALLOYSTEEL PIPE FLANGES, FORGED
FITTINGS, AND VALVES AND PARTS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE
SA-182/SA-182M
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 182/A 182M-99 except for the inclusion of Grades S33228 and S30815 in the paranthetical section
of para. 5.3.1 disallowing direct heat treatment. Editorial changes have been made in paras. 1.2 and 2.1 and in Table 2.)
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers forged low alloy and stainless
steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are
flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions
or to dimensional standards such as the ANSI specifications that
are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar, refer to
Specifications A 479/A 479M and A 739 for the similar grades
available in those specifications. Products made to this
specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540
kg]. For larger products and products for other applications refer
to Specification A336/A366M and A965/A965M for the similar
grades available in that specification.
1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic,
austenitic, and ferritic/austenitic steels are included in this
specification. Selection will depend upon design and service
requirements.
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only
when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inchpound units and
in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M"
specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished
to inchpound units.
1.6 The value stated in, either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated
Temperatures
A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle
Examination of Steel Forgings
A 336/A 336M Specification for Steel Forgings, Alloy, for
Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A 403/A 403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic
Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
...
SEC2.PPT 08/00
ASME II- B NONFERROUS MATERIALS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SB-26/SB-26M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SB-42 Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SB-43 Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SB-61 Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
SB-62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal Castings . . . . . . . . . . . 37
SB-75 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
SB-96/SB-96M Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar for
General Purposes and Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
SB-98/SB-98M Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Rod, Bar, and Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
SB-108 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent Mold Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
SB-111/SB-111M Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condensers Tubes and
Ferrule Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
SB-127 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, and Strip 97
SB-135 Specification for Seamless Brass Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
SB-148 Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
SB-150/SB-150M Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
SB-151/SB-151M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver) and Copper-Nickel
Rod and Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
SB-152/SB-152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
SB-160 Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
SB-161 Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
SB-162 Specification for Nickel Plate, Sheet, and Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
SB-163 Specification for Seamless Nickel and Nickel Alloy Condenser and
Heat-Exchanger Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
SB-164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
SB-165 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Seamless Pipe and Tube 201
SB-166 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601,
N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, N06045, and N06696) and NickelChromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) Rod, Bar, and Wire 207
SB-167 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601,
N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, and N06045) and Nickel-ChromiumCobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) Seamless Pipe and Tube . . . .
Section II - Part C Contents
SFA-5.01
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.2
SFA-5.3
SFA-5.4
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.6
SFA-5.7
SFA-5.8
SFA-5.9
SFA-5.10
SFA-5.11
SFA-5.12
SFA-5.13
SFA-5.14
SFA-5.15
SFA-5.16
SFA-5.17
SFA-5.18
SFA-5.20
SFA-5.21
….
Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines
Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding.
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding
Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes
Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes
Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding
Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods
Bare Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Tungsten and Tungsten-Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting.
Surfacing Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods
Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron
Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
Bare Electrodes and Rods for Surfacing
SEC2.PPT 01 / 2007
Section II - Part C Contents
….
SFA-5.22
SFA-5.23
SFA-5.24
SFA-5.25
SFA-5.26
SFA-5.28
SFA-5.29
SFA-5.30
SFA-5.31
SFA-5.32
Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and
Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electroslag Welding
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electrogas Welding
Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
Consumable Inserts
Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding
Welding Shielding Gases
MANDATORY APPENDIX
Appendix I Standard Units for Use in Equations
SEC2.PPT 01 / 2007
Section II-C Filler Metals
SFA-5.1, 5.4 : SMAW
Electrode Classification (AWS Class.)
E7018, E7018M,
E
70
Strength
in KSI
Electrode
E7016-1HZR
1
8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Position
• 1 = all positions
• 2 = flat and
horizontal fillets
• 4 = vertical down
0 = DCEP
1 = AC or DCEP
2 = AC or DCEN
3 = AC or DC
4 = AC or DC
5 = DCEP
6 = AC or DCEP
8 = AC or DCEP
XX
d
d
m
l
l
m
m
m
"penetration"
Chemical
composition
of weld deposit
SEC2.PPT 01/00
Part D
Properties (Customary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Subpart 1 Stress Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Statement of Policy on Information Provided in the Stress Tables . . . . . . . . 1
Guideline on Locating Materials in Stress Tables, and in Tables of Mechanical
and Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Subpart 2 Physical Properties Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Subpart 3 Charts and Tables for Determining Shell Thickness of Components
Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Mandatory Appendix 1 Basis for Establishing Stress Values in Tables 1A and 1B . . . . . . . . . . . . 922
Mandatory Appendix 2 Basis for Establishing Design Stress Intensity Values for Tables 2A, 2B,
and 4, and Allowable Stress Values for Table 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924
Mandatory Appendix 3 Basis for Establishing External Pressure Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
Mandatory Appendix 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934
Mandatory Appendix 5 Guidelines on the Approval of New Materials Under the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935
Mandatory Appendix 7 Guidelines on Multiple Marking of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940
Mandatory Appendix 9 Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942
Mandatory Appendix 10 Basis for Establishing Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Tables 5A
and 5B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
Nonmandatory Appendix A Issues Associated With Materials Used in ASME Code Construction . . . 945
Nonmandatory Appendix B Developing Nominal Composition Designations for ASME Code
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965
Nonmandatory Appendix C Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968
Nonmandatory Appendix D Guidelines for Rounding Minimum Specified Tensile and Yield Strength
Values and for Establishing Anchor Points for Tensile and Yield
Strength Trend Curves in Tables 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, U, U-2,
and Y-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME Section I
Power Boiler
B31.PPT 09/03
ASME Code Section I
Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
Sec I_2010
ASME Code
The key to exportation of pressure items and
components
FMTUEV.PPT 5/97
Hierarchy of Standards
• Laws and Regulations at the place of Installation
(e.g. Minnesota, New York City, Quebec, Timbuktu,...)
• ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
ASME Piping Code
Construction-Code
Section I
Section III
Section IV
Section VIII
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
Heating boiler
Pressure Vessels Fiber Plastics
Reference Code
Section X
ASME B31.1
Power Piping.
ASME B31.1
Section II
Section V
Section IX
Power Piping
Material
NDE
Welding
Section VI
Section VII
Section XI
Heating boiler
Power boiler
Nuclear Power
"Inservice"-Code
Standards, Recommendations
ANSI
ASTM
AWS
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC
Sec I_2010
Hierarchie der Standards
• Laws and Regulations at the place of Installation
(e.g. Minnesota, New York City, Quebec, Timbuktu,...)
• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Construction-Code
ASME B31.1
Section I
Section III
Section IV
Section VIII
Section X
Section XII
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
Heating Boiler
Pressue Vessel
Fiber Plastics
Transport Tanks Power Piping
Reference Code
ASME B31.1
Section II
Section V
Section IX
Power Piping
Material
NDE
Welding
Section VI
Section VII
Section XI
Heating Boiler
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
"Inservice"-Code
Standards, Recommendations
ANSI
ASTM
AWS
ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC
Sec I_2010
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASME Approvals of Steam Boilers
ASME Code Section I provides approval for:
Engineering contractor: (planning of steam boilers)
S designator
Manufacturing of steam boilers (factory and / or construction) S des.
Welding of boiler parts
S des.
Welding of "Boiler External Piping" for piping boiler
Site assembly of boilers
Safety valves for steam boilers
S or PP des.
S or A des.
V des.
SEC0.PPT 5-01
Boiler Unit
ASME Section I:
Manufacturer Approval
• material
• Design (design),
• Fabrication (manufacturing, welding)
S
• Examination (Test)
• Inspection (acceptance by AI)
• Testing (pressure test)
• Certification (declaration of conformity)
• Assembly, installation
• Pressure relief (overpressure protection)
• System unit (unit system)
Certified by
Rusty Boiler Company
(Name of Manufacturer)
290 psi
(Max. allow. Working pressure when built)
1500
(Heating Surface in ft² boiler or waterwalls)
2000
(Maximum designed steaming capacity in lb/hr)
1234
2004
Manufacturer's Serial No.
Year Built
Not addressed are:
Recurring inspections, repairs, modifications, operation.
SEC0.PPT 10 / 2004
ASME
ASME Code Certificates are not required for:
Material Manufacturers (except Section III)
Manufacturers of Welding Consumables (except Section III)
Valve Manufacturers (except Section III and Safety Valves)
Suppliers of Services (Design, Heat Treatment, Machining)
Piping Manufacturers (except Section III and Section I Boiler External Piping)
KOLB\SEC0.PPT 05-03
Section I – Service Limitations
• Power Boilers (over15 psi / 100 kPa) generating steam for use
external of itself
• Steam Boilers with direct firing
• Electric Boilers
• Miniature Boilers (< 16 in., < 20 sqft., < 5 cuft., < 100 psig.)
(< 400 mm, < 1,9 m², < 0,14 m³, < 700 kPa)
• High Temperature Water Boilers ( over 160 psi and/or 250 °F)
( over 1,1 Mpa and/or 120°C)
• Coil-Type Water Boilers see PG-2.3
• Scope:
Boiler Proper and
Boiler External Piping
SEC1.PPT 10/2008
Section I
Preamble (1/4)
This Code covers rules for construction of power boilers (1), electric boilers (2),
miniature boilers (3), and high-temperature water boilers (4) and heat recovery
steam generators (5) to be used in stationary service and includes those power
boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Reference to a
paragraph includes all the subparagraphs and subdivisions under that paragraph.
The Code does not contain rules to cover all details of design and construction.
Where complete details are not given, it is intended that the manufacturer, subject
to the acceptance of the Authorized Inspector, shall provide details of design and
construction which will be as safe as otherwise provided by the rules in the Code.
(1) Power boiler - a boiler in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressure of more than
15 psi (100 kPa) for use external to itself.
(2) Electric boiler - a power boiler or a high-temperature water boiler in which the source of heat is
electricity.
(3) Miniature boiler - a power boiler or a high-temperature water boiler in which the limits specified
in PMB-2 are not exceeded.
(4) High-temperature water boiler - a water boiler intended for operation at pressures in excess of
160 psi (1.1 MPa) and/or temperatures in excess of 250°F (120°C).
(5) Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) — a boiler that has as its principal source of thermal
energy a hot gas stream having high-ramp rates and temperatures such as the exhaust of a gas
turbine.
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I Preamble (2/4)
The scope of jurisdiction of Section I applies to the boiler proper and to the boiler
external piping.
Superheaters, economizers, and other pressure parts connected directly to the
boiler without intervening valves shall be considered as parts of the boiler proper,
and their construction shall conform to Section I rules.
Boiler external piping shall be considered as that piping which begins where the
boiler proper or separately fired superheater terminates at:
(a) the first circumferential joint for welding end connections; or
(b) the face of the first flange in bolted fianged connections; or
(c) the first threaded joint in that type of connection; and which extends up to and
including the valve or valves required by this Code.
ASME Code Certification (including Data Forms and Code Symbol Stamping),
and/or inspection by the Authorized Inspector, when required by this Code, is
required for the boiler proper and the boiler external piping.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Preamble (3/4)
Construction rules for materials, design, fabrication, installation, and testing of the
boiler external piping are contained in ASME B31.1, Power Piping. Piping beyond
the valve or valves required by Section I is not within the scope of Section I, and it
is not the intent that the Code Symbol Stamp be applied to such piping or any
other piping.
The material for forced-circulation boilers, boilers with no fixed steam and water
line, and high-temperature water boilers shall conform to the requirements of the
Code. All other requirements shall also be met except where they relate to special
features of construction made necessary in boilers of these types, and to
accessories that are manifestly not needed or used in connection with such
boilers, such as water gages and water columns.
Reheaters receiving steam which has passed through part of a turbine or other
prime mover and separately fired steam superheaters which are not integral with
the boiler are considered fired pressure vessels and their construction shall
comply with Code requirements for superheaters, including safety devices. Piping
between the reheater connections and the turbine or other prime mover is not
within the scope of the Code.
A pressure vessel in which steam is generated by the application of heat resulting
from the combustion of fuel (solid, liquid, or gaseous) shall be classed as a fired
steam boiler.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Preamble (4/4)
Unfired pressure vessels in which steam is generated shall be classed as unfired
steam boilers with the following exceptions:
(a) vessels known as evaporators or heat exchangers;
(b) vessels in which steam is generated by the use of heat resulting from
operation of a processing system containing a number of pressure vessels such
as used in the manufacture of chemical and petroleum products.
Unfired steam boilers shall be constructed under the provisions of Section I or
Section VIII.
Expansion tanks required in connection with high-temperature water boilers shall
be constructed to the requirements of Section I or Section VIII.
A pressure vessel in which an organic fluid is vaporized by the application of heat
resulting from the combustion of fuel (solid, liquid, or gaseous) shall be
constructed under the provisions of Section I. Vessels in which vapor is generated
incidental to the operation of a processing system, containing a number of
pressure vessels such as used in chemical and petroleum manufacture, are not
covered by the rules of Section I.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I - Boiler
Boiler Proper: Section I
Boiler External Piping: Section I and B31.1
SEC1.PPT 05-03
ASME Code Section I
Boiler Proper ( BP )
terminates at:
• first circumferential joint for welding end connections
• face of the first flange in bolted flange connections
• first threaded joint
Boiler External Piping ( BEP )
• begins where the BP terminates
• extends up to (incl.) the valves required by this Code Section
SEC1.PPT A 95
Boiler Unit Boiler Proper
BEP
Non-BEP
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Boiler Unit - Einteilung
Boiler Proper
BEP
Non-BEP
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Boiler Unit
Boiler Proper
BEP
Non-BEP
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Boiler Unit
Boiler Proper
BEP
Non-BEP
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Boiler Unit
Boiler Proper
BEP
Non-BEP
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Boiler Unit HRSG
Classification
Boiler proper includes:
- economizer
- steam drum
- evaporator
- superheater
- reheater
- connecting piping
- equipment (for example safety valves)
B31_1.PPT
Classification
Boiler proper:
-ASME Code Section I
- Is mandatory for the production (including material, design,
production and testing, ...)
- Manufacturer approval required
- Manufacturers ASME Stamp with "S" designator required
- Manufacturers ASME Stamp with "V" required for safety valves
B31_1.PPT
ASME B31.1
Differences:
„Boiler External Piping,“
(100.1.2 defined in (A) and Section I, preamble)
• manufacturer approval and acceptance greater NPS ½
• pressure test the boiler
• ASME Code Section I is a superset of
acceptance by Authorized Inspection
• B31.1 is mandatory for Material, design, manufacture and
testing and "Nonboiler External Piping"
and:
„Nonboiler External Piping“(everything else)
• No manufacturer's approval, no ASME Stamp
• No foreign demand decrease
• Acceptance by "Inspector of the owner"
• The operator is responsible for purchase
• B31.1 is specified by the operator
B31_1.PPT
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Estructure and Limits
B31.PPT 09/03
Section I Contents
Foreword, Statement of Policy, Preamble
PG
PW
PR
PB
General requirements
Welded Boilers
Riveted Boilers (reference to Edition 1971)
Brazed Boilers
PWT Watertube Boilers
PFT Firetube Boilers
PFH Feedwater heaters
PMB Miniature Boilers
PEB Electric Boilers
PVG Organic Fluid Vaporizers
PHRSG
Heat Recovery Steam Generators
E07
Appendices
SEC1.PPT 11/2007
Section I Contents
MANDATORY APPENDICES
Appendix I
deleted
Appendix II to VI
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX
Appendix A
Explanation of the Code Containing Matter
Not Mandatory Unless Specifically
Referred to in the Rules of the Code
Appendix B
Index
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Part PG
Contents:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General
Materials
Design
Openings and Compensation
BEP and Boiler Proper Connections
Design and Application
Safety Valves and Safety Relief Valves
Fabrication
Inspection and Tests
Certification by Stamping and Data Reports
Referenced Standards and Editions:
A- 360
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Referenced Standards and Editions: 2015-
A- 360
Section I PG-4
PG-4 UNITS
Either U.S. Customary, SI, or any local customary units may be used to demonstrate compliance with all
requirements of this edition, (e.g., materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing,
certification, and overpressure protection).
In general, it is expected that a single system of units shall be used for all aspects of design except where
unfeasible or impractical. When components are manufactured at different locations where local customary
units are different than those used for the general design, the local units may be used for the design and
documentation of that component. Similarly, for proprietary components or those uniquely associated with a
system of units different than that used for the general design, the alternate units may be used for the design
and documentation of that component.
For any single equation, all variables shall be expressed in a single system of units. When separate equations
are provided for U.S. Customary and SI units, those equations must be executed using variables in the units
associated with the specific equation. Data expressed in other units shall be converted to U.S. Customary or
SI units for use in these equations. The result obtained from execution of these equations may be converted to
other units.
Production, measurement and test equipment, drawings, welding procedure specifications, welding procedure
and performance qualifications, and other fabrication documents may be in U.S. Customary, SI, or local
customary units in accordance with the fabricator's practice. When values shown in calculations and analysis,
fabrication documents, or measurement and test equipment are in different units, any conversions necessary
for verification of Code compliance and to ensure that dimensional consistency is maintained, shall be in
accordance with the following:
(a) Conversion factors shall be accurate to at least four significant figures.
(b) The results of conversions of units shall be expressed to a minimum of three significant figures.
SECI .PPT 05 / 2007
Section I PG-4
PG-4 UNITS
…..
Conversion of units, using the precision specified above shall be performed to assure that dimensional
consistency is maintained. Conversion factors between U.S. Customary and SI units may be found in A-390
of Nonmandatory Appendix A, Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code. Whenever local customary units are used the Manufacturer shall provide the source of
the conversion factors which shall be subject to verification and acceptance by the Authorized Inspector or
Certified Individual.
Material that has been manufactured and certified to either the U.S. Customary or SI material specification
(e.g., SA-516M) may be used regardless of the unit system used in design. Standard fittings (e.g., flanges,
elbows, etc.) that have been certified to either U.S. Customary units or SI units may be used regardless of the
units system used in design.
All entries on a Manufacturer's Data Report and data for Code-required nameplate marking shall be in units
consistent with the fabrication drawings for the component using U.S. Customary, SI, or local customary
units. It is acceptable to show alternate units parenthetically. Users of this Code are cautioned that the
receiving Jurisdiction should be contacted to ensure the units are acceptable.
SECI .PPT 05 / 2007
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Material selection
B31.PPT 09/03
Requirements for Code Material
Construction Code
+
+
+
+
Permissible Material Specifications
Service Limitations
Supplementary Requirements
Certification Requirements
other Requirements
Section II Part A & B
Material Specification
other Reference Standards
Section II Part D – (US Customary units or Metric units)
permissible Stress Values
Material Properties
SEC2.PPT 03/98
ASTM Material Specification
A - XXX
(YYy)
Gr
Ty
Cl
Class of metallurgical structure
Type of fabrication
A-Ferrous
B-Nonferrous
Grade refers to tensile strength
Year of Edition, Addenda
Specification Number
Examples:
A - 516 (90) Gr 60
A - 182M (93) F 316L
A - 213 (92) TP 316L
Pressure Vessel Plate, Carbon Steel, for
Moderate- and Lower- Temperature Service
Forgings, Fittings (...)
Seamless ferritic and austenitic
alloy-steel(...) tubes
SEC2.PPT 05-03
ASME Material Specification
A 516/A 516M-06. Gr 60
ASTM Material
Acceptance for use in
Code Constructions
ASME Code Committee
on Materials
SA - 516 Gr 60 (Type, Class)
no year
Society for ASME
ASME Material
Published in Section II Part A/B
Edition Addenda
SEC2.PPT 10/2008
Accepptable ASTM Specification –ASME II Mandt. App.II
Material certificates
•
Material Test Report (MTR)
- Manufacturer's certificate with test results
- Compliance with specification (eg SA-182) and order will certified.
- Traceability to the material (depending on the specification)
- ASME Section I, IV, VIII Div. 1
•
-
Certified Material Test Report (CMTR)
- Manufacturer's certificate of test results and test results
- The Construction Code determines content and requirements
- Compliance with the specification, ordering and construction code
requirements is certified.
- Traceability to the piece or lot
- ASME Section III, VIII Div. 2 and 3, XI
•
-
Certificate of Compliance (CoC, NCA-3861)
- CMTR for small items,
- Nuclear ASME Code only
•
-
Certificate of Conformance
- Certification by manufacturer, service provider or auditor
- Compliance with the specification of requirements
SEC2.PPT 05-03
Section II Materials
Contents:
Part A:
Ferrous Material Specification
Part B:
Nonferrous Material Specification
Part C:
Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes
and Filler Metals
Part D:
Properties ( US Customary units or Metric units )
(including Temperature and Stress Values)
SEC2.PPT E95A95
Section I Materials
PG-5
General
PG-6
Plate
PG-7
Forgings (listing)
PG-8
Castings (Service Limitations!)
PG-9
Pipes, Tubes, and Pressure Containing Parts (listing)
(listing of SA-Mat´l.)
PG-10 Material identified with or produced to a specification not
permitted by this section, and material not fully identified
( Recertification of unknown-/ unidentified-/ non-ASME material such as EN by manufacturer )
PG-11 Miscellaneous Pressure Parts
PG-12 Gage Glass Body and Connector Materials
PG-13 Stays
PG-14 Rivets
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Boiler Unit
PG-5: General
- Material has a specification to ASME code, Section II
(Part A or B)
- Material must be in ASME Code Section II, Part D
be listed ("Properties")
- Use allowable stresses in Section II, Part D
- Application note boundaries of Section II, Part D
- Specific requirements for example from PG 8.2, 8.3, 10
and 11are observed
Boiler Unit
Example 1: Tube SA-335 P11 ( DIN 10216-2 13CrMo4-5)
SA-335: Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel
Pipe for High Temperature Service
Grade: P11
a) Material listed specification in ASME Code Section I, PG-9
b) Material listed in ASME Code Section II, Part D, Table 1A:
- Material for Section I upto 649 ° C can be used
- Allowable stress at 649 ° C: 8.08 MPa
HNR SecI_2010
Boiler Unit
Example 2: Tube SA-335 P92 (EN 10216-2 X10CrWMoVNb9-2)
SA-335: Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel
Pipe for High Temperature Service
Grade: P92
a) Material listed in ASME Code Section I, PG-9
b) Material not listed in ASME Code Section II, Part D, Table 1A:
Material, in first, may not be used under section I.
c) CODE CASE 2179-5 applies!!!
- can be used upto 621°C: allowable stress 70,3 MPa
- below NPS 3,5“: upto 648°C. Allowable stress 47,5 MPa
Tube SA-335 P92
Boiler Unit
SA-335: Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel
Pipe for High Temperature Service
Grades: u.a. P1, P11, P12, P22, P91, P92, P911
SA-335: provides specific requirements such as
- Method of preparation (hot finished, cold drawn)
- Heat treatment condition
- Test for surface condition
- Chemical composition
- Tensile strength, yield strength (at room temperature)
- Elongation at break
- Tolerances in diameter and wall thickness
- Checks to be performed: Tension test, flattening test or bend
test, hardness test (for some degree), hydro test or NDE
SA-999: Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and
Stainless Steel Pipe (in addition to SA-335) as standard must
considered.
B31_1.PPT
Section I PG-10
PG-10:
Material specifications not permitted and
material not fully identified
Recertification:
Verification that all requirements of a permitted
material specification are satisfied.
PG-10.1 Identified material with complete certification from the Material
Manufacturer but certified to a specification not permitted
1) Recertification by an organization other than the vessel manufacturer
2) Recertification by the vessel manufactuer
PG-10.2 Material identified to a production lot which can not be qualified as
above due to lack of the required documentation
1) not permitted by other parties than the vessel manufacturer
2) Recertification by the vessel manufacturer using sample analyses
PG-10.3 Material not fully identified
1) not permitted by other parties than the vessel manufacturer
2) by the vessel manufacturer using product analyses of each part
SEC1.PPT 3/98
Section I PG-10 Example
Recertify:
Sheet Manufacturer
certifies:
Make sure that all final
allowable specification
Outcoming record:
is satisfied.
SA-516...
#12345
EN 10028...
#12345
Additional test can be
required!
To be observed:
Sample shape,
Sample size,
Preparation method,
Heat treatment, etc.
„Recertifed per
PG-10 to ASME II-A,
SA-516 Gr.60,
Ed.2010 Ad.2011
(Date & Signature
Stamped in
material
Recertifications required, and
checked by the AI !
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Example for Recertification
MATERIAL-COMPARISON-LIST
Comparison between ASME Material and another Material Specification and actual Material to be used
For Tube or Pipe
Material
Grade
Type
Class
Actual
Results
Material Specification
Item
or
Standard
SA-395
---
DIN 1693
( EN 1563 )
GGG 40.3
Edition
Tensile
Strength
Addenda
[ MPa ]
[ MPa ]
Lo
1998
min.
414
min.
276
min. 18
min.
400
min.
250
min.18
444
318
2000
MTR or CMTR No. / Designation :
KCC; Charge 112345; Probe 7654321
Yield
Elongation Reduction
Strength
[%]
of A
[%]
---
---
---
---
---
--- (2)
---
--- (2) ---
---
--- (3) ---
---
---
---
---
---
--- (2)
---
--- (2) ---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
22,5
Date (MTR)
+
Actual
Results
C
Si
min.
max.(1)
Mn
P
S
---
3,00 -
1,50 -
max.
max.
max.
4,20
3,00
0,25
0,08
0,05
+
Requirement fulfilled
-
Requirement not fulfilled
NR
Not required
NA
Not applicable
+
---
Cr
Mo
Ni
V
Al
Nb
Ti
Cu
normalized
hot rolled
annealed
quenched & tempered
0,05
+
N
Mg
Heat
Treatment
Impact Test
Temperature
[ °C ]
[ Joule ]
at [ °C ]
143 187
0,08
LEGEND:
+
ferritizing HB
---
0,13
+
max.
2,50
2,40
+
N =
HR =
A =
QT =
3,00
3,70
+
---
01/01/06
CHEMICAL ANALYSES
item
---
0,01
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
(3) :
---
--0,025 -
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
REMARKS:
(1) :
(2) :
---
-----
-----
0,08
0,02
+
min
[ J]
at
[ °C ]
min
14
[ J]
at
20
[ °C ]
HB
min
18
[ J]
154 159
at
0
[ °C ]
Verification by AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR:
Si ≤ 2,74 if P ≤ 0,05
microstructure 90% type I and II, per A-247, no weld repair
visual examination required
as per contract
Date:
Sign:
SEC2.PPT 01 / 2007
Section I PG-11
PG-11:
PREFABRICATED OR PREFORMED PRESSURE PARTS FURNISHED
WITHOUT A CERTIFICATION MARK
- In general, all prefabricated or preformed pressure parts shall be certified as
meeting the rules of this Section via ASME Data Reports and conformity
marking requirements
- Prefabricated or preformed pressure parts supplied under the provisions of
PG-11.1 through PG-11.4 are exempt from the requirements for ASME
Data Reports and conformity markings.
- The rules of PG-11.1 through PG-11.4 shall not be applied to welded shells
or heads in headers and drums
- 11.2 Cast, Forged, Rolled, or Die-Formed Nonstandard Pressure Parts.
Pressure parts such as shells, heads, and removable and access-opening
cover plates that are wholly formed by casting, forging, rolling, or die
forming may be supplied basically as materials.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I PG-11
•
PG-11.3 Cast, Forged, Rolled, or Die-Formed Standard Pressure Parts, Either Welded
or Nonwelded, That Comply With an ASME Product Standard.
PG-11.3.1 PG-11.3 applies to pressure parts such as pipe fittings, valves, flanges, nozzles, welding caps,
manhole frames and covers, and pump casings that are a part of the boiler circulating system, that comply
with an ASME product standard accepted by reference in PG-42 and are so marked.
•
PG-11.4 Cast, Forged, Rolled, or Die-Formed Standard Pressure Parts, Either Welded
or Nonwelded, That Comply With a Standard Other Than an ASME Product Standard.
PG-11.4.1 Standard pressure parts, such as pipe fittings, valves, flanges, nozzles, welding
caps, manhole frames and covers, and pump casings, that are a part of the boiler circulating
system, that are either welded or nonwelded and comply with a manufacturer’s proprietary
standard, a standard other than an ASME product standard, or an ASME product standard not
adopted by this Section may be supplied by a Certificate Holder or a pressure parts
manufacturer.
Pressure parts such as welded standard pipe fittings, welding caps, and flanges that are
fabricated by one of the welding processes recognized by this Section do not require
Authorized Inspection or Partial Data Reports, provided the requirements of PG-11.4 are met.
Section I PG-11
•
PG-11.4.8 Marking for these parts shall be as follows:
•
(a) the name or trademark of the Certificate Holder or the pressure part
manufacturer and any other markings as required by the proprietary standard
or other standard used for the pressure part
•
(b) a permanent or temporary marking that will serve to identify the part with
the Certificate Holder’s or the pressure part manufacturer’s written
documentation of the particular items, and which defines the pressure–
temperature rating of the part
Section I
PG-42 and Table A-360
Referenced Standards for boiler parts
and year of accepted edition
Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.5
2013
Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
ASME B16.9
2012
Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
ASME B 16.11
2011
Valves – Flanged, Threaded and ...
ASME B16.34
2013
Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe ASME B36.10M
2015
Pressure Relief Devices
ASME PTC 25
2014
NDE - Personell Qualification
....(and so on)
SNT-TC-1A
2006
SECI .PPT 08 / 2009
ASME B 16.34 - Rating Table Example
TABLE 2-1.1
RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.1 MATERIALS
A 105 (a)
A 216 WCB(a)
A 350 LF2(d)
A 515 70 (a)
A 516 70 (a)
A 537 CI. 1 (d)
A 675 70
A 696 Gr. C
A 672 B70 (a)
A 672 C70 (a)
NOTES:
(a) Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged usage above about 800°F.
(d) Not to be used over 650°F.
Table 2-1.1 A
STANDARD CLASS
Working Pressure by Classes, psig
Temperature, ° F
150
300
400
600
900
1500
2500
4500
- 20 to 100
200
300
400
500
285
260
230
200
170
740
675
655
635
600
990
900
875
845
800
1,480
1,350
1,315
1,270
1,200
2,220
2,025
1,970
1,900
1,795
3,705
3,375
3,28
3,17
2,995
6,170
5,625
5,470
5,280
4,990
11,110
10,120
9,845
9,505
8,980
600
650
700
750
800
140
125
110
95
80
550
535
535
505
410
730
715
710
670
550
1,095
1,075
1,065
1,010
825
1,640
1,610
1,600
1,510
1,235
2,735
2,685
2,665
2,52
2,06
4,560
4,475
4,440
4,200
3,430
8,210
8,055
7,990
7,560
6,170
850
900
950
1000
65
50
35
20
270
170
105
50
355
230
140
70
535
345
205
105
805
515
310
155
1,34
860
515
260
2,230
1,430
860
430
4,010
2,570
1,545
770
KOLB\B16.PPT 03/98
The new One
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Design and
Calculation
B31.PPT 09/03
Section I Design
PG-16
General (min. thickness of any boiler plate 1/4 in. - Exemptions!
Undertolerances of Plates, Pipes and Tubes)
PG-21
PG-22
PG-25
PG-27
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP)
Loadings (consider if more than 10% increase of stress)
Quality Factors for Steel Castings
Cylindrical Components under internal Pressure
(Main Design Formulare)
PG-29
PG-30
PG-31
PG-32ff
PG-33ff
PG-42
PG-43
PG-47ff
PG-52f
Dished Heads (hemispherical, ellipsoidal, dished heads)
Stayed Dished Heads
Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers
Openings in Shells, Headers, and Heads (Examples: A-65ff)
Compensation required for Openings in Shells and Heads
General requirements for Fittings, Flanges and Valves
Nozzle Neck Thickness
Staybolts
Ligaments, Efficiencies
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I
PG-16
PG-16 DESIGN
GENERAL
PG-16.1 The design of power boilers, high-temperature water boilers, and other pressure parts
included within the scope of these rules shall conform to the general design requirements in the
following paragraphs and in addition to the specific requirements for design given in the applicable
Parts of this Section that pertain to the methods of construction used.
PG-16.2 When the pressure parts of a forced-flow steam generator with no fixed steam and
waterline are designed for different pressure levels as permitted in PG-21.2, the owner shall
provide or cause to be provided a boiler pressure system design diagram, certified by a
Professional Engineer experienced in the mechanical design of power plants, which supplies the
following information.
PG-16.2.1 The relative location of the various pressure parts within the scope of Section I,
with respect to the path of water-steam flow.
PG-16.2.2 A line showing the expected maximum sustained pressure as described in PG21.2, indicating the expected variation in pressure along the path of water-steam flow.
PG-16.2.3 The maximum allowable working pressure of the various pressure parts.
PG-16.2.4 The location and set pressure of the overpressure protection devices.
Copy of this diagram shall be attached to the Master Data Report per PG-113.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I FIG. PG-67.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE RELIEF
Forced Flow Steam Generator
Pressure gages per PG-60.6.2
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I
PG-16
PG-16 DESIGN
GENERAL
PG-16.3 Minimum Thicknesses.
The minimum thickness of any boiler plate under pressure shall be
1⁄4 in. (6 mm) except for electric boilers constructed under the rules
of Part PEB.
The minimum thickness of plates to which stays may be applied in
other than cylindrical outer shell plates shall be 5⁄16 in. (8 mm).
When pipe over NPS 5 (DN 125) is used in lieu of plate for the shell
of cylindrical components under pressure, its minimum wall shall be
1⁄4 in. (6 mm).
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I
PG-16
PG-16 DESIGN
GENERAL
PG-16.4 Undertolerance on Plates.
Plate material that is not more than 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) thinner than
that calculated from the formula may be used in Code constructions
provided the material specification permits such plate to be furnished
not more than 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) thinner than ordered.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I
PG-16 DESIGN
PG-16
GENERAL
PG-16.5 Undertolerance on Pipe and Tubes.
Pipe or tube material shall not be ordered thinner than that
calculated from the applicable formula of this Section. The
ordered material shall include provision for the allowed
manufacturing undertolerance as given in Section II in the
applicable pipe or tube specification.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I: PG-21 MAWP
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure [MAWP]
• determined by the design formulae and dimensions
• above atmosphere
• no boiler may be operated above MAWP
• at least one Safety Valve shall be set at or below MAWP
• may never be exceeded by more than 6%
• shall be stamped on the nameplate (PG-106.4)
Forced Flow Steam Generators
different pressures along the path of flow are permitted
MAWP shall not be less than the maximum sustained conditions,
which are to be selected exceeding any expected operating condition
stamping: MAWP at SH outlet, not less than MAWP of any part of the boiler
SEC1.PPT E 98
Section I
PG-21
PG-21 MAWP
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE
The maximum allowable working pressure is the pressure determined by employing the
allowable stress values, design rules, and dimensions designated in this Section.
Whenever the term maximum allowable working pressure is used in this Section of the Code, it
refers to gage pressure, or the pressure above atmosphere in pounds per square inch.
PG-21.1 No boiler, except a forced-flow steam generator with no fixed steam and water line
that meets the special provisions of PG-67, shall be operated at a pressure higher than the
maximum allowable working pressure except when the safety valve or safety relief valve or valves
are discharging, at which time the maximum allowable working pressure shall not be exceeded by
more than 6%.
PG-21.2 In a forced-flow steam generator with no fixed steam and waterline it is permissible
to design the pressure parts for different pressure levels along the path of water-steam flow. The
maximum allowable working pressure of any part shall be not less than that required by the rules of
Part PG for the expected maximum sustained conditions (9) of pressure and temperature to which
that part is subjected except when one or more of the overpressure protection devices covered by
PG-67.4 is in operation.
_______
(9) “Expected maximum sustained conditions of pressure and temperature”
are intended to be selected sufficiently in excess of any expected operating conditions (not necessarily continuous) to permit
satisfactory boiler operation without operation of the overpressure protection devices.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I
PG-22
PG-22 Loadings
LOADINGS
PG-22.1 Stresses due to hydrostatic head shall be taken into account in determining the
minimum thickness required unless noted otherwise. Additional stresses imposed by effects other
than working pressure or static head that increase the average stress by more than 10% of the
allowable working stress shall also be taken into account. These effects include the weight of the
component and its contents, and the method of support.
PG-22.2
Loading on structural attachments — refer to PW-43.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I
Preamble
This Code covers rules for construction of power boilers (1), electric boilers (2),
miniature boilers (3), and high-temperature water boilers (4) and heat recovery
steam generators (5) to be used in stationary service and includes those power
boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Reference to a
paragraph includes all the subparagraphs and subdivisions under that paragraph.
The Code does not contain rules to cover all details of design and construction.
Where complete details are not given, it is intended that the manufacturer, subject
to the acceptance of the Authorized Inspector, shall provide details of design and
construction which will be as safe as otherwise provided by the rules in the Code.
(1) Power boiler - a boiler in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressure of more than
15 psi (100 kPa) for use external to itself.
(2) Electric boiler - a power boiler or a high-temperature water boiler in which the source of heat is
electricity.
(3) Miniature boiler - a power boiler or a high-temperature water boiler in which the limits specified
in PMB-2 are not exceeded.
(4) High-temperature water boiler - a water boiler intended for operation at pressures in excess of
160 psi (1.1 MPa) and/or temperatures in excess of 250°F (120°C).
(5) Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) — a boiler that has as its principal source of thermal
energy a hot gas stream having high-ramp rates and temperatures such as the exhaust of a gas
turbine.
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Loadings
The ASME Code Section I does not provide explicit
rights such as stresses (except from Internal
pressure and hydrostatic column results). These
stresses must be determined and the security level
of the ASME must be achieved.
This calculation method is then selected and
it is pretended / and specified, and it requires the
Approval of the inspector.
The allowable stresses in ASME I / ASME II
be specified, must be observed.
B31_1.PPT
Loadings
ASME Code Section I gives no calculation rules
for the following cases:
1 External loads from wind, traffic, earthquake
2 Cycles (fatigue)
3 Thermal expansion
4 Temperature gradients,
It is to proceed according to preamble and PG 22
B31_1.PPT
Section I Watertube Boilers
PWT-9
Tubes and Pipe (min.thickness 0.22 in [5.6 mm] for use of fusible plugs)
NPS11/2 (DN40) may be threaded)
PWT-11
Tube connections (Tube: expanding, flaring, beading, and seal welding;
welding; Pipe: threading, expanding, flaring)
PWT-12
Staybolting Box Type Headers
PWT-14
Firing Doors
PWT-15
Access and Firing Doors
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Firetubes Boilers
PFT-9
Thickness Requirements (Shell and Dome; Tubesheet)
PFT-11
Attachments of Heads and Tubesheets
PFT-12
Tubes (pressure: PFT-51, Tables Section II Part D SP 3)
PFT-13
Combustion Chambers
PFT-14-20 Furnaces (types, design, attachment)
PFT-21
Fireboxes and Waterlegs
PFT-22-32 Stayed Surfaces (pressure, areas, stays, spacing)
PFT-40
Doors and Openings
PFT-46
Setting, Support
PFT-47
Piping, Fittings, Appliances
SEC1 05 / 2007
Section I
PG-27 Cylindrical Shells under
internal Pressure
PG-27.2 Formulas for Calculation
PG-27.2.1 Tubing — Up to and Including 5 in. (125 mm) Outside Diameter
See PG-27.4, Notes 2, 4, 8, and 9
PG-27.3 Symbols. Symbols used in the preceding formulas are defined as follows:
C = minimum allowance for threading and structural stability (see PG-27.4, Note 3)
D = outside diameter of cylinder
E = efficiency (see PG-27.4, Note 1)
e = thickness factor for expanded tube ends (see PG-27.4, Note 4)
P = maximum allowable working pressure (see PG-21)
R = inside radius of cylinder
S = maximum allowable stress value at the design temperature of the metal, as listed in the tables specified in PG-23 (see PG-27.4, Note 2)
t = minimum required thickness (see PG-27.4, Note 7)
w = weld joint strength reduction factor per PG-26
y = temperature coefficient (see PG-27.4, Note 6)
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Weld Strength Reduction Factors
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Section I
PG-27 Cylindrical Shells under
internal Pressure
PG-27.2 Formulas for Calculation
PG-27.2.2 Piping, Drums, and Headers (based on strength of weakest course)
See PG-27.4, Notes 1, 3, and 5 through 8.
PG-27.3 Symbols. Symbols used in the preceding formulas are defined as follows:
C = minimum allowance for threading and structural stability (see PG-27.4, Note 3)
D = outside diameter of cylinder
E = efficiency (see PG-27.4, Note 1)
e = thickness factor for expanded tube ends (see PG-27.4, Note 4)
P = maximum allowable working pressure (see PG-21)
R = inside radius of cylinder
S = maximum allowable stress value at the design temperature of the metal, as listed in the tables specified in PG-23 (see PG-27.4, Note 2)
t = minimum required thickness (see PG-27.4, Note 7)
y = temperature coefficient (see PG-27.4, Note 6)
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Temperature Coefficient y
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
Section I
PG-27 Cylindrical Shells under
internal Pressure
PG-27.2 Formulas for Calculation
PG-27.2.3 Thickness Greater Than One-Half the Inside Radius of the Component.
The maximum allowable working pressure for parts of boilers of cylindrical cross section,
designed for temperatures up to that of saturated steam at critical pressure [705.4°F
(374.1°C)], shall be determined by the formulas in A-125.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Dished Heads
B31_1.PPT 10/2007
UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS AND COVERS
Fig. PG-31 unstayed flat heads and covers
Fig. PG-31 unstayed flat heads and covers
OPENINGS IN SHELLS AND HEADERS
CALCULATIONS SHELL, HEAD AND OPENEING ASME I
SHELL AND HEAD: 8” DIAMETER(SCH40), OPENNIG: 3”
CALCULATIONS SHELL, HEAD AND OPENEING ASME I
SHELL AND HEAD: 8” DIAMETER(SCH40), OPENNIG: 3”
CALCULATIONS SHELL, HEAD AND OPENEING ASME I
SHELL AND HEAD: 8” DIAMETER(SCH40), OPENNIG: 3”
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles- weld size
• PW-16.2 Nomenclature. The symbols used in this paragraph and in
Figures PW-16.1 and PW-16.2 are defined as follows:
• t = thickness of vessel shell or head
• t c = not less than the smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or 0.7tmin (inside corner
welds may be further limited by a lesser length of projection of the nozzle
wall beyond the inside face of the vessel wall)
• t l = thickness of lug, hanger, or bracket, as shown in Figure PW-16.2
• tmin = the smaller of 3/4 in. (19 mm) or the thickness of either of the weld
parts joined by a fillet, single bevel, or single J‐weld
• t n = thickness of nozzle wall
• tw = dimension of partial penetration attachment welds (fillet, single bevel,
or single J), measured as shown in Figure PW-16.1
• t1 + t2 ≥ 11/4tmin measured as shown in Figure PW-16.1, in., both t1 and
t2 shall each be not less than the smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or 0.7tmin
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles
Manufacturing. Types of nozzles
Section I: Inspection Openings PG-44
„All Boilers or parts thereof shall be provided with
suitable manhole, handhole, or inspection openings
for examination or cleaning, except for special types
of boilers where such openings are manifestly not
needed or used.“
Specific requirements for access openings in certain
type of boilers appear in other parts: PW, PFT-, etc.
Sizes:
- eliptical manhole:
- circular manhole:
- handhole:
300 x 400 mm
380 mm
70 x 89 mm
B31_1.PPT
Tube Connections PFT-12
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
BEP and Equipment
B31.PPT 09/03
Section I – Boiler Piping - Feedwater
Boiler External Piping
Boiler Proper
one feed pump supplying one boiler PG-58.3.3
SEC1 boiler piping.ppt 04/01
Section I – Boiler Piping - Feedwater
Boiler External Piping
regulating
valve
check
valve
Boiler Proper
stop
valve
Boiler External Piping
PG-61 pressure 3% higher
than highest SV set
one feed pump supplying more than one boiler PG-58.3.4
SEC1 boiler piping.ppt 04/01
ASME Code Scope
Construction Code Sections regulate :
• Certification of the Manufacturer
• Material,
Certified by
• Design (Layout),
Rusty Boiler Company
• Fabrication (Manufacturing, Welding)
(Name of Manufacturer)
• Examination (Tests)
290 psi
(Max. allow. Working pressure when built)
• Inspection (Inspections by AI)
1500
(Heating Surface in ft² boiler or waterwalls)
• Testing (Pressure test)
2000
(Maximum designed steaming capacity in lb/hr)
• Certification (Declaration of Conformity)
1234
2004
• Assembly, Erection
Manufacturer's Serial No.
Year Built
• Pressure Relief (Overpressure Protection)
Not regulated are:
Recurring Inspections, Repairs, Alterations.
SEC0.PPT 01 / 2007
Section I Fabrication and Inspection
PG-75
PG-76
PG-77
PG-80
PG-90
PG-99
PG-101
PG-104
PG-105
PG-106
PG-107
PG-109
PG-111
General
Cutting Plates and other Stock
Plate Identification (visible after manufacturing, transfer, "T")
Permissible Out-of-Roundness of cyl. Shells (I.P.: 1% of mean diameter)
Inspections and Tests – General (Authorized Inspection Service)
Hydrostatic Test (@1.5 x MAWP, max. 90% yield strength!)
Heating Surface Computation (Appx. A-12ff)
Certification, MDR-General
Code Symbol Stamps
Stamping and Nameplates
Field Assembly
Stamping of Boiler External Piping
Location of Stamping
Appendix A-350: MDR Guides
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Fabrication and Inspection
ASME Section I provides requirements for:
- Identification and traceability of material
- Permitted roundness of cylindrical shapes
- Shape tolerances
- Qualification of welding procedures and welders
- Execution of welds and tack welds
- Testing of welds
- Repair of welds
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Fabrication and Inspection
….
- Heat treatment
- Production tests on welds of headers and drums
- Inspections during the manufacturing process
- Inspections by the Authorized Inspector
- Verification of manufacturing procedures (heat treatment,
pressure test…)
- Surveillance of the quality system
There are no requirements to formulate bending methods
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I Welded Boilers
PW-1
PW-5
PW-9
PW-11
PW-15
PW-16
PW-19
PW-26ff
PW-28
PW-29
PW-31
PW-33
PW-35
PW-38
PW-39
PW-40
PW-41
PW-43
PW-44
PW-46ff
General, WPS, PQR, WPQ to Section IX. (A2000: AWS SWPS permitted)
Materials
Design of Welded Joints (grooves, tapers)
Radiographic and Ultrasonic Examination (Table PW-11: RT / UT Requirements)
Welded Connections (nozzles, fillet welds, compensation, telltale holes)
Attachment Welds
Welded Stays (Appx. A-8 for threaded stays)
Fabrication (processes, qualification-Section IX)
Welding qualification and weld records (qualification-Section IX , records, identification)
Base Metal Preparation
Assembly
Alignment Tolerance (Table PW-33)
Finished longitudinal and circumferential Joints (penetration, reinforcement, backing)
Preheating (Appx. A-100)
Postweld Heat Treatment (tables)
Repair of Defects
Circumferential Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Headers (Boiler Proper)
Loading on Structural Attachments (calculations, Appx. A-71)
Fabrication Rules for Bimetallic Tubes when the Clad Strength is included
Inspection and Tests (WPS, PWHT, RT, UT, Test Plates, Hydro Test)
SEC1 05/2007
Hierarchy of Standards in USA and Canada
• Regulations in USA / Canada
• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Construction-Code
Section I
Section III
Section IV
Section VIII
Section X
Dampfkessel
Nuclear Power
Heizkessel
Druckbehälter
Fiber Plastics
Reference Code
"Inservice"-Code
Standards
ASME B31.1
ASME B31.3
Kraftw. Rohrleit.
Rohrleitungen
ASME B31.1
Section II
Section V
Section IX
Power Piping
Material
NDE
Welding
Section VI
Section VII
Section XI
Heizkessel
Dampfkessel
Nuclear Power
ANSI
ASTM
AWS
ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC
SEC0.PPT 05-03
ASME Code
Definition of Joints
Definition of Welds
Single
Butt
Double
0°-30°
Fillet
Tee
Square
Bevel
Groove
Corner
~90°
Vee
Groove
Angle
30°-90°
J
Groove
Lap
U
Groove
Edge
SEC81.PPT 02/2009
Section I - Fabrication
PW-33 ALIGNMENT TOLERANCE, SHELLS AND VESSELS(including
pipe or tube used as a shell)
Direction of Joint in cylindrical shell
Section
longitudinal
Thickness, in. (mm)
Up to 1/2
in. mm
¼t
¼t
Over 1/2 to 3/4, incl. (13 – 19)
1/8
(3,0)
¼t
Over 3/4 to 1,5, incl. (19 – 38)
1/8
(3,0)
3/16 (5)
Over 1,5 to 2, incl.
(38 – 50)
1/8
(3,0)
3/16 (5)
Over 2,
(50)
Lesser of 1/16 t
(13)
or 3/8 (10)
circumferential
in. mm
Lesser of 1/16 t
or 3/8 (10)
PW-34 ALIGNMENT, TUBE AND PIPE
…. the inside surfaces provide for complete weld penetration. The weld
shall
meet
SECI.PPT
05/2007
the reinforcement requirement of PW–35.
Tolerances
Surface displacement in the longitudinal and circumferential welds in
cylinders according to EN 12952-5 section 7.4.1.3
Surface offset (misalignment) [mm]
Wall thickness [mm]
ea <12
12 <ea <50
ea> 50
longitudinal seams
<ea / 4
<3
<min {ea/16; 10}
Wall thickness [mm]
ea <20
20 <ea <40
ea> 40
circular welds
<ea / 4
<5
<min {ea / 8, 20}
Requirements comparable to those of PW-33
ASME Code Section I formulates no requirements for center line offset
and angular misalignment.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I - Fabrication
PW-35 FINISHED LONGITUDINAL AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINTS
PW-35.1 Butt welded joints shall have complete penetration and full fusion. (..)
The thickness of the weld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the following:
Maximum Reinforcement, in. (mm)
Nominal
Circ. welds in Other
Thickness, in. (mm)
Up to 1/8
Pipe and TubingWelds
(3)
3/32 (2,5)
3/32 (2,5)
Over 1/8 to 3/16, incl. (3 – 5)
1/8
(3,0)
3/32 (2,5)
Over 3/16 to 1/2, incl. (5 – 13)
5/32 (4,0)
3/32 (2,5)
Over 1/2 to 1, incl.
(13 – 25)
3/16 (5)
3/32 (2,5)
Over 1 to 2, incl.
(25 – 50)
1/4
1/8
Over 2 to 3, incl.
(50 – 75)
[ Note (1) ]
5/32 (4)
Over 3 to 4, incl.
(75 – 100)
[ Note (1) ]
7/32 (5,5)
(6)
(3,0)
(..)
NOTE:
(1) The greater of ¼ in. (6 mm) or 1/8 times the width of the weld in inches (mm).
SECI.PPT 05/2007
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Heat Treatment
B31.PPT 09/03
Section I – PW-39 PWHT
PW-39 REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
The rules in the following paragraphs apply specifically to the
fabrication of the boiler proper and parts thereof and do not apply to
the external piping as defined in the Preamble.
PW-39.1 Before applying the detailed requirements and
exemptions in these paragraphs, satisfactory weld procedure
qualifications of the procedures to be used shall be performed in
accordance with all the essential variables of Section IX including
conditions of postweld heat treatment or lack of postweld heat
treatment and including other restrictions listed below. Except as
otherwise specifically provided in PFT-29, PMB-9, PW-40.2, PW40.3, and in the notes within Table PW-39, all welded pressure
parts of power boilers shall be given a postweld heat treatment at a
temperature not less than that specified in Table PW-39.1. The
materials in Table PW-39 are listed in accordance with the materials
P-Number grouping of QW-420 of Section IX.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PW-39 PWHT
PW-39 REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
PW-39.2 When pressure parts of two different P-Number groups
are joined by welding, the postweld heat treatment shall be that
specified in Table PW-39 and applicable notes for the material
requiring the higher postweld heat treatment temperature, except as
noted in PW-39.2.1. When nonpressure parts are welded to
pressure parts, the postweld heat treatment temperature of the
pressure parts shall control.
Pressure part welds and attachment welds using ferritic filler metals
that have a specified chromium content of more than 3% shall
receive a postweld heat treatment. The postweld heat treatment
time and temperature used shall be not less than that shown in
Table PW-39 for a base metal of equivalent analysis.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PW-39 PWHT
PW-39 REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
PW-39.3 (.....)
The weldment shall be heated slowly to the temperature specified in
Table PW-39 and held for the specified time, and shall be allowed to
cool slowly in a still atmosphere to a temperature not exceeding
800°F (425°C). Several weldments of varied thickness may be
postweld heat treated in the same furnace at the same time.
The term nominal thickness in Table PW-39 is the thickness of the
weld, pressure retaining material, or the thinner of the sections being
joined, whichever is least. For fillet welds, the nominal thickness is
the throat thickness, and for partial penetration and material repair
welds, the nominal thickness is the depth of the weld groove or
preparation. For combination groove and fillet welds, nominal
thickness is the total combined thickness of the deposited weld,
groove depth plus fillet weld throat.
The holding time at temperature as specified in Table PW-39 need
not be continuous. It may be an accumulation of time of multiple
SECI.PPT 05/2007
postweld heat treat cycles. (.....)
Section I – PW-39 PWHT
Section I – PW-39 PWHT
( ...... )
SECI.PPT 08/2009
Mandatory Requirements for PWHT
for P-No. 15E Gr. 1 (NEW)
Mandatory Requirements for PWHT
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Testing
B31.PPT 09/03
Section I – PW-50 NDE Personnel
PW-50 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel
PW-50.1 The Manufacturer shall be responsible for assuring that nondestructive
examination (NDE) personnel have been qualified and certified in accordance with
their employer’s written practice prior to performing or evaluating radiographic or
ultrasonic examinations required by this Section. SNT-TC-1A3 or CP-189 shall be
used as a guideline for employers to establish their written practice. National or
international Central Certification Programs, such as the ASNT Central Certification
Program (ACCP), may be used to fulfill the examination and demonstration
requirements of the employer’s written practice. Provisions for training, experience,
qualification, and certification of NDE personnel shall be described in the
Manufacturer’s quality control system (see PG-105.4).
PW-50.2 NDE personnel shall be qualified by examination. Qualification of NDE
Level III personnel certified prior to the 2004 Edition of Section I may be based on
demonstrated ability, achievement, education, and experience. Such qualification
shall be specifically addressed in the written practice. When NDE personnel have
been certified in accordance with a written practice based on an edition of SNT-TC-1A
or CP-189 earlier than that referenced in A-360, their certification shall be valid until
their next scheduled recertification.
PW-50.3 Recertification shall be (......)
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – Volumetric examination of weld butt joints
PW-11 Section I – PW-11 Volumetric examination
PW-11.1 Welded butt joints requiring radiographic and ultrasonic
examination are specified in Table PW- 11. Experience has
demonstrated that welded butt joints not requiring radiographic and
ultrasonic examination by these rules have given safe and reliable
service even if they contain imperfections that may be disclosed
upon further examination. Any examination and acceptance
standards beyond the requirements of this Section are beyond the
scope of this Code and shall be a matter of agreement between the
Manufacturer and the user.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PW-11 Volumetric examination
PW-11 VOLUMETRIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED BUTT
JOINTS
PW-11.2 Definitions. For use with Table PW-11, the following definitions apply.
butt joint: a joint between two members aligned approximately in the same plane.
circumferential butt weld: includes circumferential welded butt joints in drums,
headers, pipes, and tubes, and welded butt joints attaching formed heads to drums,
shells, and headers.
longitudinal butt weld: includes longitudinal and spiral welded butt joints in drums,
shells, headers, pipes, and tubes; any welded butt joint within a sphere or within a
formed or flat head or tube sheet; and welded butt joints attaching insert-nozzles of
the type shown in Fig. PW-16.1, illustrations (q-1) through (q-4).
NPS: nominal pipe size.
RT: radiographic examination.
UT: ultrasonic examination.
SECI.PPT 08/2009
Table PW-11 Section I – Volumetric examination of weld butt joints
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – Volumetric examination of weld butt joints
Section I –Volumetric examination of weld butt joints
PW-51 RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION
PW-51.1 All welds for which a complete radiographic examination is required by
PW-11 shall be radiographically examined throughout their entire length by the Xray
or gamma-ray method in accordance with Article 2 of Section V, except that the
requirements of T-274 are to be used as a guide but not for the rejection of
radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 0.07 in. (1.8 mm).
PW-51.2 A single-welded circumferential butt joint with backing strip may be
radiographed without removing the backing strip, provided it is not to be removed
subsequently and provided the image of the backing strip does not interfere with the
interpretation of the resultant radiographs.
(........)
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PW-11 Volumetric examination of weld butt joints
PW-51 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR RADIOGRAPHY (cont.)
PW-51.3 Indications shown on the radiographs of welds and characterized as
imperfections are unacceptable under the following conditions, and shall be repaired
as provided in PW-40 and the repair radiographed to PW-51:
PW-51.3.1 Any indication characterized as a crack, or zone of incomplete fusion
or penetration.
PW-51.3.2 Any other elongated indication on the radiograph that has a length
greater than
(a) 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) for t up to 3⁄4 in. (19 mm)
(b) 1⁄3 t for t from 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) to 2 1⁄4 in. (57 mm)
(c) 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) for t over 2 1⁄4 in. (57 mm)
where t is the thickness of the weld
PW-51.3.3 Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length
greater than t in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive
imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the
group.
PW-51.3.4 Rounded indications in excess of those shown in A-250.
PW-51.4 A complete set of radiographs for each job shall be retained by the
Manufacturer and kept on file for a period of at least 5 years.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
Section I – Volumetric examination of weld butt joints
PW-52 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
PW-52.1 Technique and standards for ultrasonic examination shall follow Section V,
Article 4.
PW-52.2 The Manufacturer’s report, as required by T-490 of Section V, shall be
retained by the Manufacturer for a minimum of 5 years.
PW-52.3 Acceptance-Rejection Standards. Imperfections that cause an indication
greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that
the ultrasonic examination personnel can determine their shape, identity, and
location, and evaluate them in terms of PW-52.3.1 and PW-52.3.2.
PW-52.3.1 Cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable
regardless of length.
PW-52.3.2 Other imperfections are unacceptable if the indication exceeds the
reference level and their length exceeds the following:
(a) 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) for t up to 3⁄4 in. (19 mm)
(b) 1⁄3t for t from 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) to 2 1⁄4 in. (57 mm)
(c) 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) for t over 2 1⁄4 in. (57 mm)
where t is the thickness of the weld being examined. If the weld joins two members
having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PW-53 Test Plates of shells and drums(TESTIGOS PRODUCC.)
Test Plates to be performed for fusion welded cylindrical pressure
parts (drums, shells)
Exemptions: pipes, tubes, headers, parts constructed of P-No. 1
materials
Test Plates to be welded according to a) or b) below :
a) Welded Test Plates to be welded in continuation of longitudinal
joint of each vessel (PW-53.2).This procedure is not applicable to
vessels with circumferential joints only.
b) Weld the joint in the Test Plate without attaching it as a
continuation of a joint in the shell plate.
Tests required (testing of full cross section is required):
- 2 Tension Tests for wall thicknesses greater than 16mm – one of
the joint and the other on the weld metal
- 1 Bend Test
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PG-99 Hydrostatic Test
PG-99 HYDROSTATIC TEST
Hydrostatic testing of the completed boiler unit shall be conducted
in accordance with the following requirements:
After a boiler has been completed (see PG-104), it shall be
subjected to pressure tests using water at not less than ambient
temperature, but in no case less than 70°F (20°C). Where required
test pressures are specified in this paragraph, whether minimum or
maximum pressures, they apply to the highest point of the boiler
system. When the boiler is completed in the Manufacturer’s shop
without boiler external piping, subsequent hydrostatic testing of the
boiler external piping shall be the responsibility of any holder of a
valid “S,” “A,” or “PP” stamp. The safety valves need not be included
in the hydrostatic test. The tests shall be made in two stages in the
following sequence:
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PG-99 Hydrostatic Test
PG-99 HYDROSTATIC TEST
PG-99.1 Hydrostatic pressure tests shall be applied by raising the
pressure gradually to not less than 1 1⁄2 times the maximum
allowable working pressure as shown on the data report to be
stamped on the boiler. No part of the boiler shall be subjected to a
general membrane stress greater than 90% of its yield strength
(0.2% offset) at test temperature. The primary membrane stress to
which boiler components are subjected during hydrostatic test shall
be taken into account when designing the components. Close visual
inspection for leakage is not required during this stage.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PG-99 Hydrostatic Test
PG-99 HYDROSTATIC TEST
PG-99.2 The hydrostatic test pressure may then be reduced to the
maximum allowable working pressure, as shown on the Data
Report, to be stamped on the boiler and maintained at this pressure
while the boiler is carefully examined. The metal temperature shall
not exceed 120°F (50°C) during the close examination.
TEST GAGES(manometros):
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I – PG-99 Hydrostatic Test
PG-99 HYDROSTATIC TEST
PG-99.3 A completed forced-flow steam generator with no fixed
steam and waterline, having pressure parts designed for different
pressure levels along the path of water-steam flow, shall be
subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test by the above procedure
(PG-99.1 and PG-99.2) based upon:
PG-99.3.1 For the first stage test (PG-99.1) a hydrostatic test
pressure of not less than 1 1⁄2 times the maximum allowable
working pressure at the superheater outlet as shown in the master
stamping (PG-106.3) but no less than 1 1⁄4 times the maximum
allowable working pressure of any part of the boiler, excluding the
boiler external piping.
PG-99.3.2 For the second stage test (PG-99.2) the hydrostatic
test pressure may be reduced to not less than the maximum
allowable working pressure at the superheater outlet.
SECI.PPT 05/2007
Section I, PG-104 ... 111 Marking
__
National Board No.
Certified by
Rusty Tank Company
Fabricante
Name of Manufacturer
MAWP ______ psi when built
presion diseño
HeatingSurface ______ SqFt
Superficie calefaccion
Max. designed steaming
capacity_____lb/hr
Manufacturer's Serial No. 1234
Year Built 2010
Capqacidad de descarga
ta,maño de la letra: min. 8 mm
( Miniature boiler : 4 mm )
SEC81.PPT 05/2007
Section I, PG-104 ... 111 Marking
Desde 2004 se permiten unidades metricas en la placa
__
National Board No.
Certified by
Rusty Tank Company
fabricante
Name of Manufacturer
MAWP ______ kPa when built
presion diseño
HeatingSurface ______ m²
Superficie calefacción
Max. designed steaming
capacity_____kg/hr
Capacidad descarga
Manufacturer's Serial No. 1234
Year Built 2010
Tamaño de letra: min. 8 mm
( Miniatur Boiler: 4 mm )
SEC81.PPT 08/2009
Section I
Engineering Contractor (1/5)
Example: Manufacturing of a field assembled watertube boiler
1) Engineering Contractor prepares Design Package
Kölbl
Engrg
Boiler Design
Drawing
Kölbl
approvedEngineering
date
Design
Calculation
date
approved
Assembly
Boiler Drums
Evaporator
Valve List
B16.9 Cl.600 A-105 NPS 10"
B16.9 Cl.600 A-182F11 14"
B16.9 Cl.600 SA-182 F91 14"
B16.9 Cl.600 SA-105 NPS 4"
B16.9 Cl.600 SA-105 NPS 2"
Superheater
Economizer
Feedwater Pipe
Main Steam Pipe
Specification
P= 1500psi
T= 800°F
D= NPS 14"
SA-335 P91
SEC1.PPT 06/99
Section I
Engineering Contractor
(2/5)
2) Ordering of all Code items and services
at holders of the appropriate Certificate of Authorization
Evaporator
Superheater
Boiler Drums
Specification
Economizer
Specification
Purchase Order Purchase Order
Feedwater Pipe
Main Steam Pipe
Specification
Assembly
Specification
Purchase Order Purchase Order
to:
Rusty Tank
Co. (S)
to:
Bleikamp
Boiler (S)
to:
Michael
Pipefitter (PP)
Boiler Drums
etc.
Economizer,
Superheater,
Evaporator
Shop + Field
Pipework
Shop
to:
Wild
Assembly Co.
(PP+A)
Pipework
Field
SEC1.PPT 06/99
Section I
Engineering Contractor
(3/5)
3) Engineering Contractor certifies P-3A and P-7
4) AI reviews Design Package, assures all Codework is subcontracted
AI certifies P-3A
5) Engineering Contractor Nameplate is stamped at engineering office,
witnessed by AI, Nameplate shipped to the Assembler
certified by ACME ENGINEERING
S
MAWP: 1700psi when built
Heating Surface: 4,444 sqft
MDSC: 55,555 lbs/hr
S/N: 1234
Year built: 2010
SEC1.PPT 06/99
Section I
Engineering Contractor
(4/5)
6) Boiler Parts, and Components are fabricated by subcontractors,
subject to AI inspection, Code Symbol stamped
P-4
Partial
DRUM
Shop
AI
P-3
P-3
P-3
Evaporator
Superheater
Economizer
Shop
AI
Shop
AI
Shop
AI
P-4A
Piping >1/2"
Shop
AI
Field
AI
SEC1.PPT 06/99
Section I
Engineering Contractor
(5/5)
7) Field Site Assembly by Assembler, Inspection by Assembler's AI
- Receiving inspection of all Components
- Assembly
- Final Inspection and Hydrotest
- Stamping "A" or "S"
- Attachment of Engineering Contractor Nameplate
- Compiling all Data Reports and Partial Data Reports
- Certification of Assembly portion of
P-3A Data Report
SEC1.PPT 06/99
Section I: Code Symbol Stamps
S Symbol Authorization
Manufacturer or engineering contractor of the
complete boiler unit.
Limitations: None, except as are self imposed by the quality
control program.
Master authorization
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I: Code Symbol Stamps
A Symbol Authorization
Boiler assembler (normally field)
Limitations: No design, all design must be provided
by the S Authorization manufacturer
Subordinate authorization
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I: Code Symbol Stamps
qp Symbol Authorization
Welded piping fabricator, shop or field
Limitations: Pipe welds only, may not do final system
hydrostatic test.
Permitted to design piping and pipe supports.
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I: Code Symbol Stamps
E Symbol Authorization
Electric Boiler Manufacturer
Limitations:
Threaded electric boiler units only,
(no welding by E Stampholder)
Shop only
Must purchase vessel from an S or U stamp
manufacturer
E stamp holders may not register with the
National Board, however, the purchased
vessel may be registered.
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I: Code Symbol Stamps
M Symbol Authorization
Miniature boiler manufacturer, may produce any boiler not
exceding (see PMB-2):
16 in. ( 400 mm ) inside diameter of shell
20 sq. ft. ( 1.9 m²) heating surface (not applicable to electric
boilers)
5 cu. ft. ( 0.14 m³) gross volume, exclusive of casing and
insulation
100 psig ( 700 kPa) maximum allowable working pressure
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I: Code Symbol Stamps
V Symbol Authorization
Safety Valve manufacturer,
Limitations: may produce Safety Valves only
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Data Report - Library
P-2
Firetube Boilers
Master Data Report for all types of Boilers
except Watertube and Electric
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P - 2A
Electric Boilers
Master Data Report
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P – 2B
Electric Boilers
Manufacturers Data Report for electric
Superheaters and Reheaters
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P-3
Watertube Boilers
Option:
Master Data Report
or Component Report
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P - 3A
Energeering contractor report
Master Data Report
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P-4
Partial Data Report
parts only
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P - 4A
Piping report
Documents pipe welds
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P – 4B
Piping report (Field installed mechanically
assembled)
Documents pipe welds
SEC1.PPT 012004
Data Report - Library
P-5
Summary Data Report for Process steam
generators
Master Data Report
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P-6
Supplemental paper
used with any other report form
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P-7
Safety valves and their set pressures
Shall be used to record required Safety Valves
Supporting Master Data Report
Required for all boilers having two or more SV
SEC1.PPT
Data Report - Library
P-8
Certificate of Conformance for Pressure Relief
Valves
Documents Pressure Relief Valves
(signed by Certified Individual of Manufacturer
- NOT signed by AI)
SEC1.PPT 012004
Data Report - Package
simple case:
P-3
Shop
MFGR.
AI
one totally shop assembled boiler,
watertube, with all boiler external piping
and trim shop tested.
The signer of line 1 on the report is the
father of the boiler
This is regard less of contract agreements
SEC1.PPT
Complex Case: Field Erected Watertube Boiler
P-3
Master
Shop
Field
P-4A
P-3
Part
Field
P-4A
P-4
Part
P-4A
Economizer
PSuperheater 6
Field Test
Final Signature
Supplementary
P-4A
P-7
P-8
Safety
Valves
Piping
COC
Safety
Valves
SEC1.PPT
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Protection against
Overpressure
B31.PPT 09/03
Section I PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
Definitions
(ASME I and ASME PTC-25)
Pressure relief valve (PRV): a pressure relief device designed to actuate on
inlet static pressure and reclose after normal conditions have been restored.
Safety Valve: a pressure relief valve characterized by rapid opening and
normally used to relieve compressible fluids
Relief Valve: a pressure relief valve characterized by gradual opening that is
generally proportional to the increase in pressure. It is normally used for
incompressible fluids.
Safety Relief Valve: a pressure relief valve characterized by rapid opening or
by gradual opening that is generally proportional to the increase in pressure. It
can be used for compressible or incompressible fluids.
Unless otherwise defined, the definitions relating to pressure relief devices in
ASME PTC 25, Pressure Relief Devices, shall apply.
SECI.PPT 08/2009
Section I - PG-67 Safety Valves
SAFETY VALVES AND SAFETYRELIEF VALVES
PG-67 BOILER SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS
PG-67.1 Each boiler shall have at least one safety valve or safety relief valve and if it has more than 500 ft²
(47m²) of bare tube water-heating surface, or if an electric boiler has a power input more than 1,100 kW, it shall
have two or more safety valves or safety relief valves. For a boiler with combined bare tube and extended
waterheating surface exceeding 500 ft2 (47 m2), two or more safety valves or safety relief valves are required
only if the design steam generating capacity of the boiler exceeds 4,000 lb /hr (1 800 kg/hr). Organic fluid
vaporizer generators require special consideration as given in Part PVG.
PG-67.2 The safety valve or safety relief valve capacity for each boiler (except as noted in PG-67.4) shall be
such that the safety valve, or valves will discharge all the steam that can be generated by the boiler without
allowing the pressure to rise more than 6% above the highest pressure at which any valve is set and in no case
to more than 6% above the maximum allowable working pressure.
PG-67.2.1 The minimum required relieving capacity of the safety valves or safety relief valves for all types
of boilers shall be not less than the maximum designed steaming capacity at the MAWP of the boiler, as
determined by the Manufacturer and shall be based on the capacity of all the fuel burning equipment as limited
by other boiler functions.
PG-67.2.2 The minimum required relieving capacity for a waste heat boiler shall be determined by the
Manufacturer. When auxiliary firing is to be used in combination with waste heat recovery, the maximum output
as determined by the boiler Manufacturer shall include the effect of such firing in the total required capacity.
When auxiliary firing is to be used in place of waste heat recovery, the minimum required relieving capacity shall
be based on auxiliary firing or waste heat recovery, whichever is higher.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I - PG-67 Safety Valves
SAFETY VALVES AND SAFETYRELIEF VALVES
PG-67 BOILER SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS
PG-67.2.1.3 The minimum required relieving capacity for electric boilers shall be in accordance with PEB-15.
PG-67.2.1.4 The minimum required relieving capacity in lb /hr (kg/hr) for a high-temperature water boiler
shall be determined by dividing the maximum output in Btu/hr (W) at the boiler nozzle, produced by the highest
heating value fuel for which the boiler is designed, by 1,000 (646).
PG-67.2.1.5 The minimum required relieving capacity for organic fluid vaporizers shall be in accordance with
PVG-12.
PG-67.2.1.6 Any economizer that may be shut off from the boiler, thereby permitting the economizer to
become a fired pressure vessel, shall have one or more safety relief valves with a total discharge capacity, in lb /hr
(kg/hr), calculated from the maximum expected heat absorption in Btu/hr (W), as determined by the Manufacturer,
divided by 1,000 (646). This absorption shall be stated in the stamping (PG-106.4).
PG-67.3 One or more safety valves on the boiler proper shall be set at or below the maximum allowable working
pressure (except as noted in PG-67.4). If additional valves are used the highest pressure setting shall not exceed
the maximum allowable working pressure by more than 3%. The complete range of pressure settings of all the
saturated-steam safety valves on a boiler shall not exceed 10% of the highest pressure to which any valve is set.
Pressure setting of safety relief valves on high-temperature water boilers21 may exceed this 10% range.
Economizer pressure relief devices required by PG-67.2.6 shall be set as above using the MAWP of the
economizer.
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I - PG-67 Safety Valves
SAFETY VALVES AND SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
PG-67 BOILER SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS
PG-67.4 For a forced-flow steam generator with no fixed steam and waterline (Fig. PG-67.4), equipped with
automatic controls and protective interlocks responsive to steam pressure, safety valves may be provided in
accordance with the above paragraphs or the following protection against overpressure shall be provided:
PG-67.4.1 One or more power-actuated pressure relieving valves22 shall be provided in direct
communication with the boiler when the boiler is under pressure and shall receive a control impulse to open
when the maximum allowable working pressure at the superheater outlet, as shown in the master stamping
(PG-106.3), is exceeded. (.......)
_________
(22) The power-actuated pressure relieving valve is one whose movements to open or close are fully controlled by a source of
power (electricity, air, steam, or hydraulic). The valve may discharge to atmosphere or to a container at lower pressure. The
discharge capacity may be affected by the downstream conditions, and such effects shall be taken into account. If the poweractuated pressure relieving valves are also positioned in response to other control signals, the control impulse to prevent
overpressure shall be responsive only to pressure and shall override any other control function.
SEC1.PPT 08/2009
Section I - PG-67 Safety Valves
SAFETY VALVES AND SAFETYRELIEF VALVES
PG-67 BOILER SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS
PG-67.5 All safety valves or safety relief valves shall be so constructed that the failure of any part cannot
obstruct the free and full discharge of steam and water from the valve. Safety valves shall be of the direct
springloaded pop type, with seat inclined at any angle between 45 deg and 90 deg, inclusive, to the center line
of the spindle. The coefficient of discharge of safety valves shall be determined by actual steam flow
measurements at a pressure not more than 3% above the pressure at which the valve is set to blow and when
adjusted for blowdown in accordance with PG-69.1.4. The valves shall be credited with capacities as
determined by the provisions of PG-69.2.
Safety valves or safety relief valves may be used that give any opening up to the full discharge capacity of the
area of the opening of the inlet of the valve, provided the movement of the steam safety valve is such as not to
induce lifting of water in the boiler.
Deadweight or weighted lever safety valves or safety relief valves shall not be used.
For high-temperature water boilers safety relief valves shall be used. Such valves shall have a closed bonnet.
For purposes of selection the capacity rating of such safety relief valves shall be expressed in terms of actual
steam flow determined on the same basis as for safety valves. In addition the safety relief valves shall be
capable of satisfactory operation when relieving water at the saturation temperature corresponding to the
pressure at which the valve is set to blow.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
Section I - PG-67 Safety Valves
SAFETY VALVES AND SAFETYRELIEF VALVES
PG-68 SUPERHEATER AND REHEATER SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS
PG-68.1 Except as permitted in PG-58.3.1, every attached superheater shall have one or more safety valves
in the steam flow path between the superheater outlet and the first stop valve. The location shall be suitable for
the service intended and shall provide the overpressure protection required. The pressure drop upstream of
each safety valve shall be considered in the determination of set pressure and relieving capacity of that valve. If
the superheater outlet header has a full, free steam passage from end to end and is so constructed that steam
is supplied to it at practically equal intervals throughout its length so that there is a uniform flow of steam through
the superheater tubes and the header, the safety valve, or valves, may be located anywhere in the length of the
header.
SEC1.PPT 05/2007
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Appendix
B31.PPT 09/03
Abbreviations
ASME
ASNT
ASTM
ANSI
AWS
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
American Society for Nondestructive Testing
American Society for Testing and Materials
American National Standards Institute
American Welding Society
AIA
AI
AIS
ANI
ANIS
BP
BEP
Nat´l Bd
Authorized Inspection Agency
Authorized Inspector
Authorized Inspector Supervisor
Authorized Nuclear Inspector
Authorized Nuclear Inspector Supervisor
Boiler Proper
Boiler External Piping
National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors
(also used: NB)
SEC0.PPT 02/2009
Abbreviations
QA
QC
QSC
RPE
MAWP
MDMT
ID
PWHT
NDE
RT
UT
MT
PT
VT
WPS
PQR
WPQ
WOPQ
Quality Assurance - (Nuclear)
Quality Control - (Non-Nuclear)
Quality System Certificate (Material) - (Nuclear)
Registered Professional Engineer
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure at coincident Temp.
Minimum Temperature at MAWP
Inside Diameter
Postweld Heat Treatment
Non-Destructive Examination
Radiographic Examination
Ultrasonic Examination
Magnetic Particle Examination
Liquid Penetrant Examination
Visual Examination
Welding Procedure Specification
Procedure Qualification Record
Welders Performance Qualification
Welding Operator Performance Qualification
SEC0.PPT 02/2009
Literature ASME Code
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
ASME Order Department, www.asme.org
Rao, K.R. (Hrsg.)
ASME Press, NY 2009 ($660)
Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (Vol.1, 2 & 3)
Carroll, D.E. & Carroll D.E. Jr.:
The ASME Code Simplified - Power Boilers,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996 ($60)
Chuse, R. & Carson, Bryce Sr.:
The ASME Code Simplified - Pressure Vessels,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992 ($60)
Jawad, M.H. & Farr, J.R.:
Structural Analysis and Design of Process Equipment,
Wiley-Interscience Publications, 1984
Jawad, M.H. & Farr, J.R.:
ASME PRESS NY 1998 (65$)
Guidebook for the design of ASME Section VIII pressure vessels
Brownell, L.E. & Young, E. H.
Process Equipment Design,
John Wiley & Sons, New York 1959
Steingress, F. M. & Frost, H. J.
High Pressure Boiler
American Technical Publishers, Homewood IL, 1994 ($35)
Houle, Michael J.
Practical Giude to ASME Section IX
CASTI Publishing Inc. Edmonton, Alberta Canada ($90)
Ernst, Richard:
Wörterbuch der industriellen Technik, Oskar Brandstetter Verlag
VDEh (Hrsg.):
Stahleisen-Wörterbuch,
Verlag Stahleisen mbH, 6. Auflage, 1994
SEC0.PPT 02/2009
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME Section IV
Heating Boilers
B31.PPT 09/03
ASME Code Section IV
Design, fabrication, Installation, inspection of
• Steam heating boilers ( < 15 psig )
( < 100 kPa ) (1bar)
• Hot water heating boilers ( < 160 psi ; 250° F )
( < 1100 kPa(11bar); 120° C )
• Content:
HG:
HF:
HC:
HLW:
general requirements
wrought material assemblies
cast iron assemblies
potable water heaters
SEC4.PPT 09/2007
ASME Code Section IV
PART HG General Requirements
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Article 5
Article 6
Article 7
Scope and Service Restrictions
Material Requirements
Design
Pressure Relieving Devices
Tests, Inspection, and Stamping
Instruments, Fittings, and Controls
Installation Requirements
SEC4.PPT 6/99
ASME Code Section IV
PART HF BOILERS CONSTRUCTED OF WROUGHT MATERIALS
Article 1 General
Article 2 Material Requirements
Article 3 Design Stresses and Minimum Thicknesses
SUBPART HW REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILERS FABRICATED BY WELDING
Article 4 General Requirements
Article 5 Material Requirements
Article 6 Welding Processes and Qualifications
Article 7 Design of Weldments
Article 8 Fabrication Requirements
Article 9 Inspection
SUBPART HB REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILERS FABRICATED BY BRAZING
Article 10 General Requirements
Article 11 Material Requirements
Article 12 Brazing Processes, Procedures, and Qualifications
Article 13 Design
Article 14 Fabrication Requirements
Article 15 Inspection and Stamping
SEC4.PPT 6/99
ASME Code Section IV
PART HC REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILERS CONSTRUCTED OF CAST IRON
Article 1 General
Article 2 Material Requirements
Article 3 Design
Article 4 Tests
Article 5 Quality Control and Inspection
PART HA REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILERS CONSTRUCTED OF CAST ALUMINIUM
PART HLW REQUIREMENTS FOR POTABLE-WATER HEATERS
Article 1 General
Article 2 Material Requirements
Article 3 Design
Article 4 Design of Weldments
Article 5 Tests
Article 6 Inspection and Stamping
Article 7 Controls
Article 8 Installation Requirements
SEC4.PPT 6/99
ASME Code Section IV
ASME Code Section IV
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME Section IX
Welding
B31.PPT 09/03
Hierarchy of Standards
• Laws and Regulations at the location of Installation
(e.g. Minnesota, New York City, Quebec, Timbuktu,...)
• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Construction-Code
ASME B31.1
Section I
Section III
Section IV
Section VIII
Section X
Section XII
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
Heating Boiler
Pressure Vessel
Fiber Plastics
Transport Tanks Power Piping.
Reference Code
ASME B31.1
Section II
Section V
Section IX
Power Piping
Material
NDE
Welding
Section VI
Section VII
Section XI
Heating Boiler
Power Boiler
Nuclear Power
"Inservice"-Code
Standards, Recommendations
ANSI
ASTM
AWS
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC
SEC0.PPT 10-2004
Section IX - Contents
Part QW - Welding
Article I
Welding General Requirements
QW-100 ff
Article II
Welding Procedure Qualifications
QW-200 ff
Article III
Welding Performance Qualifications
QW-300 ff
Article IV
Welding Data
Article V
Standard WPS (SWPS)
QW-400 ff
QW-500 ff
Add 2000
Part QB - Brazing
APPENDICES
(Welding and Brazing Forms, and list of SWPSs)
SEC9.PPT 8-00
ASME Code
Definition of Joints
Definition of Welds
0°-30°
~90°
30°-90°
SEC81.PPT 10/02
Qualification of a Welding Procedure
RTC
Drawing + Construction Code
Draft WPS
range of
welding
variables
essentials and
nonessentials
Materials
Design
Impact testing
PWHT etc.
RTC
WPS
RTC
essentials +
nonessentials
Date
Signature
PQR
RTC
Record of
actual values
and results
Qualification
certification
Date
Signature
welding of a test
coupon from the
range
testing
Documentation
SEC9.PPT 10/01
Qualification of a Welding Procedure
ASME Code Section IX
1. Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
All parameters or Variables (essential-, supplementary- and non-essential
variables) shall be specified in this document (see QW-200). This shall
provide guidance for the welding personnel in the work area.
A WPS should specify ranges of variables in accordance with Section IX.
A WPS shall be written and qualified - by the manufacturer using it for
Code production. Qualification is obtained by welding test pieces using the
specified variables and proving by mechanical testing that the welding
process as specified can be used to produce sound welds.
A2000: Alternatively AWS Standard WPSs listed in Appendix E may be used
SEC9.PPT 8-00
ASME Code Section IX
2. Procedure Qualification Records (PQR)
A WPS may only be used after successful qualification. A test piece
is welded using the specified variables and mechanically tested.
Both welding data and testing results are documented in the PQR.
A PQR shall list all essential variables at least. However, it is
recommended to list additional information during qualification.
A PQR as a record shall show actual values instead of qualified
ranges, and may not be revised.A manufacturer's representative
shall certify correctness of the records.
SEC9.PPT 4/99
ASME Code Section IX
Qualification of a welder:
Selection of welders
Selection of welding variables, i.e.
Distinguishing of positions
Distinguishing of pipe diameters
Distinguishing of used F-Numbers for fillermetals
etc.
WPQ
RTC
Certification
Date
Signature
testing (VT and
2 bend tests or RT)
welding of test coupons
SEC9.PPT 10/01
ASME Code Section IX
3. Welder's Performance Qualification (WPQ)
A welder or welding operator is qualified by the manufacturer
employing him under the requirements specified in QW-300. This
shall prove the manual skills of the welder to deposit sound weld
metal.
Criteria such as
- welding positions,
- pipe diameter,
- thickness of deposited weld metal, etc.
are relevant for the qualified range.
The WPQ is used to specify the range of the welder's qualification,
but also to document his qualification tests. The test pieces may be
mechanically tested or examined by radiography.
SEC9.PPT 01/2007
TABLA QB-422
P NUMBERS
F NUMBERS PERFORMANCE WELDING
A- Numbers
QW- 451 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
QW- 451 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
QW 452Perfomance Qualification-welders
QW 452Perfomance Qualification-welders
Table 452.3 Diameters Performance
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME Section V
Nondestructive
Examination (NDE)
B31.PPT 09/03
Radiographic Examination - Example
Construction Code
Section I
PW-11.1: All longitudinal and circ. Butt
Welded Joints shall be Radiographically
Examined... Article 2 of Section V
Referenced Code
Examination
Requirements
Section V Article 2
Testing Procedures, Records,
Personnel Qualification - SNT-TC-1A
Examination
Testing Results
Acceptance Criteria
PW-51.3.1 Unacceptable: Any Type of Crack or
Zone of Incomplete Fusion or Penetration
Construction Code
Section I
SEC5.PPT E 95
ASME Code Section V - Nondestructive Examination
Contents
SUBSECTION A
NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF EXAMINATION
Article 1
Article 2
Article 4
Article 5
Article 6
Article 7
Article 8
Article 9
Article 10
Article 11
General Requirements
Radiographic Examination
Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Welds
Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials
Liquid Penetrant Examination
Magnetic Particle Examination
Eddy Current Examination of Tubular Products
Visual Examination
Leak Testing
Acoustic Emission Examination of
Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Vessels
Article 12 Acoustic Emission Examination of
Metallic Vessels During Pressure Testing
SEC5.PPT 01 / 2008
ASME Code Section V - Nondestructive Examination
Contents
SUBSECTION A
Article 13
Article 14
Article 15
Article 16
Article 17
NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF EXAMINATION
Continuous Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Examination System Qualification
Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique (ACFMT)
Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Examination
Remote Field Testing (RFT) Examination Method
SEC5.PPT 01 / 2008
ASME Code Section V - Nondestructive Examination
Contents
SUBSECTION B
Article 22
Article 23
Article 24
Article 25
Article 26
Article 29
Article 30
Article 31
DOCUMENTS ADOPTED BY SECTION V
Radiographic Standards
Ultrasonic Standards
Liquid Penetrant Standards
Magnetic Particle Standards
Eddy Current Standards
Acoustic Emission Standards
Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations Standard
Alternating Current Field Measuring Standards
( References to SE-XXXX – Standards )
SEC5.PPT 01 / 2008
Article 2: RT Procedure
T-221.2, T-150
Contents of the written Procedure
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Material,
Thicknesses
Isotope or X-Ray Energy
Min. Distance Source to Object
Max. Distance Source-side of Object to the Film
Max. Focal Spot Size / Source Size
Film Designation
Intensifying screens
• and sufficient guidance for the examination personnel to assure
Code compliance (Penetrameter selection, configuration, Film
marking)
• Evaluation and acceptance criteria
• Shall be demonstrated to the AI
SEC5.PPT 5-01
Radiographic Examination - Film Example
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ASTM
1A 01
B
F
RTC Order 1234
N1
07.12.00 W1
SEC5.PPT E 98
Section V SE-747
wire type IQI
SEC5.PPT 08 / 2007
Section V - Articles 2 & 22 - RT
Documentation T-290
Radiographic Technique Documentation Details
Radiograph Review Form
RT-Report
Report No.:_____
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
Sign + date
(Manufacturer)
SEC5.PPT 01 / 2008
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
T-290 DOCUMENTATION
T-291 Radiographic Technique Documentation
Details
The Manufacturer shall prepare and document the
radiographic technique details. As a minimum, the
following information shall be provided.
(a) identification as required by T-224
(b) the dimensional map (if used) of marker placement
in accordance with T-275.3
(c) number of radiographs (exposures)
(d) X-ray voltage or isotope type used
(e) source size (F in T-274.1)
(f) base material type and thickness, weld thickness,
weld reinforcement thickness, as applicable
(g) source-to-object distance (D in T-274.1)
(h) distance from source side of object to film (d in
T-274.1)
(i)
film
manufacturer
and
Manufacturer’s
type/designation
(j) number of film in each film holder/cassette
(k) single- or double-wall exposure
(l) single- or double-wall viewing
T-292 Radiograph Review Form
The Manufacturer shall prepare a radiograph review
form. As a minimum, the following information
shall be provided.
(a) a listing of each radiograph location
(b) the information required in T-291, by inclusion or
by reference
(c) evaluation and disposition of the material(s) or
weld(s) examined
(d) identification (name) of the Manufacturer’s
representative who performed the final acceptance
of the radiographs
(e) date of Manufacturer’s evaluation
SEC5.PPT 07/2007
SNT-TC-1A - Level III Requirements
SNT-TC-1A - 2006
- Experience
(e.g. engineering degree + 1 year NDE)
- Examinations (by a qualified representative of the organization)
BASIC - only once
15 Questions to understanding the SNT-TC-1A
20 Questions to Materials, Fabrication
20 Questions to NDT methods
METHOD - for each Method 30 Questions to fundamentals of the NDT method
15 Questions to application of techniques and
procedures
20 Questions to interpreting Codes,
standards and specifications
SPECIFIC - for each Method 20 Questions to specifications, equipment,
techniques and procedures
applicable to the employers products
- ASNT NDT Level III Certificate or ACCP Professional Level III Certificate
fulfills the criteria for „Basic“ and „Method“ examinations
- Certification by the employer
- Vision examination (Jaeger 2 – annually + Color Contrast Differentiation – every 3 years)
- Recertification interval: max. 5 years
SEC5.PPT 12 / 2006
Written Practice
Document to be established by employer of personnel
Employer (Manufacturer) is responsible to certify that personnel qualification
and certification is according to the written practice.
Contents (Guideline SNT-TC-1A - 2006 [Sect. VIII-1] ;
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Responsibility of Level III, II, I
Training,
Education
Experience
Examination
Physical Requirements
Certification
Recertification
[Sect. I])
NUCLEAR:
SNT-TC-1A – 1992
is the applicable Edition
[ NB-5521 ]
SEC5.PPT 01 / 2008
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
Useful Websites on the Internet
http://www.asme.org
ASME Homepage >click „Codes and Standards“
Code Case Database, Certificate Holder Search,
Data Report Forms, etc.
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara
National Archives and Records Administration
Office of the Federal Register
http://www.asnt.org
American Society of Nondestructing Testing
http://www.ansi.org
American National Standards Institute
http://www.bureauveritas.com
Bureau Veritas Homepage
http://www.onebeacon.com
OneBeacon Homepage
http://www.hsb.com
Hartfort Steam Boiler Homepage
http://www.lr.org
Lloyd´s Register
http://www.nationalboard.org
Interpretations
National Board Homepage with NB Bulletin and NBIC
http://www.nrc.gov
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
http://www.royalsunalliance.com
Royal & Sunalliance
FMTUEV.PPT 05/03
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
ASME Section VIII Div.1
Pressure Vessels
B31.PPT 09/03
Welcome!
Pressure Vessels –
ASME Code Section VIII - Division 1
FMTUEV.PPT 05-03
ASME Code Section VIII
Section VIII Division 1
• up to 3,000 psi (20 MPa)(200bar)
• simple stress calculation formulas
• no stress analysis required
• widespread use for Pressure Vessels
Section VIII Division 2
• up to 10,000 psi (70 MPa)(700bar)
• user specifies service conditions (user´s design specification - UDS)
• UDS shall be certified by a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE)
• provisions for stress analysis, fatigue, creep, experimental analysis)
• accounts for other than principal membrane stress
• reduced wall thickness saves money
• larger extend of NDE
• higher design stress levels
• Registered Professional Engineer (RPE) shall certify Design Report
Section VIII Division 3
• over 10,000 psi (700bar)
• stress analysis is mandatory
• consideration of prestressed components
• extensive mandatory NDE
• small range of permitted material
• two RPEs are required
SEC8.PPT 05/2008
ASME VIII DIV.2- NDT
ASME Code Section VIII - 1
U - I: Scope of Section VIII Div. 1
Examples:
• Heat Exchangers
• Vessels with Direct Firing
• Evaporators
• Reactors
Pressure Vesels
• MAWP >15 psi (1,03 bar)
• Internal or External Pressure
• Up to 3000 psi (VIII Div. 2)
• Over 152 mm Inside Diameter
• No Piping or Piping Components
• No rotating or reciprocating Equipment...
• Also for gas fired double shell heat exchangers < 50 psi
• Not for Human Occupancy (PVHO)
• Not Water Vessel up to 300psi (21bar)or 210°F
• Not within the scope of other Sections
• Not Steam Boilers with direct firing
SEC81.PPT 05/03
ASME Code Section VIII - 1
U - I: Scope of Section VIII Div. 1
Pressure Vessels subject to internal or external Pressure:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unfired Pressure Vessels
Fired Pressure Vessels
Heat Exchangers
Evaporators, unfired Steam Generators
over 15 psi MAWP (1,03 bar), internal or external pressure
over 6 in. ID or width (152 mm)
not within the scope of other Sections
not integral parts of rotating or reciprocating machinery...
not piping systems or piping components
no water vessels up to 300psi and 210°F
no water heaters up to 200.000 Btu/hr, 210°F, 120 gal.
no pressure vessels for human occupancy (PVHO)
not exceeding 3000psi ( VIII Div. 2 )
SEC81.PPT 07.01
Section VIII - 1 , U - I
Scope of Section VIII Division I include:
• the welding end of the first circumferential joint for welded connections
• the first threaded joint for screwed connections
• the face of the first flange for bolted, flanged connections
• the first sealing surface for proprietary connections or fittings
• non pressure parts welded directly to a pressure retaining surface
• pressure retaining covers
• pressure relief devices
SEC81.PPT 2/96
Demo Vessel
SA-105 54 mm
SA-105
1
Certified by
SA-516 Gr.70
8mm (0,315“)
Rusty Tank Company
III.
SA-106 Gr.B
12,7mm (1/2“)
W
I.
RT 4
SA-105
SA-516 Gr.70
7mm (0,276“)
II.
SA-106 Gr.B
Vessel: MAWP 290 psi at 572 °F
Jacket: MAWP 130 psi at 572 °F
MDMT -20 °F at 290 / 130 psi
Manufacturer's Serial No. 1234
11,13mm (0,438in.)
SA-516 Gr.60
Name of Manufacturer
8mm (0,315“)
Year Built 2002
IV.
IV.
SA-106 Gr.B NPS2
Sch. 80
5,08mm (0,2“)
SA-516 Gr.70
5,5mm (0,217“)
SA-516 Gr.70
8mm (0,315“)
SA-516 Gr.70
8mm (0,315“)
SA-516 Gr.70
7mm (0,276“)
IV.
SEC81.PPT 10/00
Section VIII - 1
U-2
User's / Owner's Duties
- establish design requirements
- state operating conditions
incl.:
-
startup
shutdown
corrosion allowance
lethal service
PWHT beyond the Code
needs for piping and instrumentation
of steam generators
SEC81 .PPT A 95
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Responsibilities
of the
Manufacturer
B31.PPT 09/03
ASME Accreditations for Pressure Vessels
ASME Code Section VIII
SA-105 52,6mm
SA-105
Engineering
Manufacturing of Pressure Vessels
(Shop and /or Field)
none
SA-516 Gr.70
8mm (0,315“)
III.
SA-106 Gr.B
12,7mm (1/2“)
U
Alternative Rules Section VIII, Division 2
(Shop and /or Field)
U2
Manufacturing of High Pressure Vessels
(Shop and /or Field)
U3
I.
SA-105
SA-516 Gr.70
7mm (0,276“)
U, U2, U3
Field Assembly of Vessels
U, U2, U3
Pressure Vessel Safety Valves
UV
High Pressure Vessel Safety Valves
UV3
Rupture Discs, Div. 1
UD
11,13mm (0,438in.)
8mm (0,315“)
IV. SA-106 Gr.B NPS2
IV.
Sch. 80
5,08mm (0,2“)
SA-516 Gr.70
5,5mm (0,217“)
SA-516 Gr.70
Welding of Vessel Parts
II.
SA-106 Gr.B
SA-516 Gr.60
8mm (0,315“)
SA-516 Gr.70
8mm (0,315“)
SA-516 Gr.70
7mm (0,276“)
IV.
KOLB\SEC0.PPT 5-01
Section VIII - I
U - 2 , UG - 90
Manufacturers responsibilities
- comply with all of the applicable requirements of the Code.
- assure that all work done by others also complies.
- have design calculation available.
- assure that QC is performed.
- assure that examinations are performed as required by the Code.
- arrange Inspection and free access of the Inspector.
SEC81 .PPT A 95
Appendix 10 - Quality Control System
10-1
General
10-2
Outline of features to be included in the written description of the
Quality Control System
10-3
Authority and Responsibility
10-4
Organization
10-5
Drawings, Design Calculations and Specification Control
10-6
Material Control
10-7
Examination and Inspection Program
10-8
Correction of Nonconformities
10-9
Welding
10-10 Nondestructive Examination
10-11 Heat Treatment
10-12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment
10-13 Records Retention
10-14 Sample Forms
10-15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts
10-16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves
SEC9.PPT 10/2007
10-17 Certifications
Section VIII - I U - 2 , UG - 90
Inspector's Duties
- make all of the inspections specified in the applicable Code Section
- monitor the QC system and examinations of the Manufacturer
- inspections as he believes necessary to enable him certifying
Code compliance of the vessels he authorizes to be stamped with
the Code Symbol Stamp.
SEC81 .PPT A 95
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Structure
and
Scope
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII - 1 Content
Forword
Introduction:
Subsection A:
Subsection B:
U-1, U-2, U-3, U-4
UG – General Requirements
Methods of Fabrication
E15
E15
UW – welded pressure vessels
UF – forged pressure vessels
UB – brazed pressure vessels
E15
Subsection C:
Classes of Material - Special Constructions
Materials:
Ed.07: UNF-23
Ed.07: UHA-23
UCS
UNF
UHA
UCI
UCL
UCD
UHT
ULW
ULT
UHX
-
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
Non ferrous Materials
High Alloy Steel
Cast Iron
Cladding and Lining
Cast Ductile Iron
Ferritic Steels with Heat Treatment
Layered Constructions
Low Temperature Service
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Mandatory and Nonmandatory Appendices
Index
E15
E15
E15
E15
E15
E15
E15
Section VIII-1
Part UG
Part UG - Contents and Structure
Materials
Design
Openings and Reinforcements
Braced and Stayed Surfaces
Ligaments
Fabrication
Inspection and Tests
Marking and Reports
Pressure Relief Devices
SEC81 .PPT A 95
Section VIII - 1 Mandatory Appendices
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Supplementary Design Formulas
Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring Type Gaskets
Definitions
Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined
Rounded Indications in Welds
Flanged and Flued or Flanged Only Expansion Joints
Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
Examination of Steel Castings
Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT)
Jacketed Vessels
Quality Control System.
Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves
Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT)
Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section
Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally-Located Opening
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII - 1 Mandatory Appendices
16 Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Committee
17 Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies (min. t=1,1 mm)
18 Adhesive Attachment of Nameplates
19 Electrically Heated or Gas Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles
20 Hubs of Tubesheets and Flat Heads Machined From Plate
21 Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work-Hardened Nickel.
22 Integrally Forged Vessels
23 Extemal Pressure Design of Copper and Copper Alloy Seamless Condenser and
Heat Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
24 Design Rules for Clamp Connections
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII - 1 Mandatory Appendices
25 Acceptance of Testing Laboratories and Authorized Observers for Capacity
Certification of Pressure Relief Valves
26 Pressure Vessel and Heat Exchanger Expansion Joints
27 Alternative Requirements for Glass-Lined Vessels
28 Alternative Corner Weld Joint Detail for Box Headers for Air-Cooled Heat
Exchangers When Only One Member Is Beveled
30 Rules for Drilled Holes not Penetrating through the Vessel Wall
31 Rules for Cr-Mo Steels with additional req‘s for Welding and Heat Treatment
32 Local thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments of Shells
now Temperature limits!
33 Standard Units for Use in Equation
34 Requirements for Use of High Silicon Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessels
SEC81.PPT 09/2006
Section VIII - 1 Nonmandatory Appendices
A
C
D
E
F
G
H
K
L
M
P
R
S
T
W
Y
DD
EE
FF
GG
HH
JJ
Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
Suggested Methods for Obtaining the Operating Temperature of Vessel Walls in Service
Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal Structures.
Suggested Good Practice Regarding Corrosion Allowance
Suggested Good Practice Regarding Linings
Suggested Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions and Design of Supports and Attachments
Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration
Sectioning of Welded Joints
Examples Illustrating the Application of Code Formulas and Rules
Installation and Operation
Basis for Establishing Allowable Stress Values
Preheating
Design Considerations for Bolted Flange Connections
S-2 moved to 2-14
Temperature Protection
Guide for Preparing Manufacturer's Data Reports
(U-1A, U-2, U-2A ...)
Flat Face Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact Outside the Bolt Circle
Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization (Part scope)
Half-Pipe Jackets
Guide for the Design and Operation of Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures
Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary an SI Units in the ASME Code
Tube Expanding Procedures and Qualification
Flowcharts Illustrating Impact Testing Requirements and Exemptions
From Impact Testing by the Rules of UHA-51
SEC81.PPT09/2007
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Selection of Materials
B31.PPT 09/03
ASME SECTION II-DMATERIALES PROPIEDADES
Pipes and tubes
• Pipes and tubes are not exactly the same
Pipes
The purpose with a pipe is the transport of a fluid like water, oil or similar, and the most import property is the capacity or the inside diameter
For a ASME/ANSI B 36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe the inside diameter - ID - of a NPS 2 inches pipe with
•schedule 40 is 2.067"
•schedule 80 is 1.939"
The inside diameters are close to 2" and the nominal diameter is related to the inside diameter. Outside diameter are 2.375" for both schedules.
Since the outside diameter of a single nominal pipe size is kept constant the inside diameter of a pipe depends on the "schedule" - or the thickness - of
the pipe. The schedule and actual thickness of a pipe varies with size of the pipe.
Example - the thickness of a 2" schedule 40 pipe is 0.154" and the thickness of a 6" schedule 40 pipe is 0.280".
It is common to identify pipes in inches by using NPS or "Nominal Pipe Size". The metric equivalent is called DN or "diametre nominel". The metric
designations conform to International Standards Organization (ISO) usage and apply to all plumbing, natural gas, heating oil, and in addition to
miscellaneous piping used in buildings. Note - the use of NPS does not conform to American Standard pipe designations where the term NPS means
"National Pipe Thread Straight".
Nominal Bore (NB) may be specified under British standards classifications along with schedule or wall thickness.
The tolerances are looser to pipes compared with tubes and pipes are often less expensive to produce than tubes.
Tubes
The nominal dimensions of tubes are based on the outside diameter. If we look at Copper Tubes - ASTM B88 the outside diameter of a 2" pipe is
2.125", relatively close to 2".
The inside diameter of a tube depends on the thickness of the tube. The thickness is often specified as gauge. If we look at Copper Tubes - ASTM B88
the wall thickness of 0.083"of a 2" pipe is gauge 14.
Tolerances are commonly higher with tubes compared to pipes and tubes are often more expensive to produce than pipes.
ASME II - D Stress Values (1/4)
Table 1A
SECTION I; SECTION III, CLASS 2 AND 3; * AND SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1; AND SECTION XII
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES S FOR FERROUS MATERIALS
(* See Maximum Temperature Limits for Restrictions on Class)
page line
no. no.
Add.
Nominal
Composition
Product Form
Spec No
Type/
Grade
Alloy Desig/
UNS No
Class
Cond
Temper
Size/
Thickness
P-No
Group
No
K03504
...
...
1
2
14
6
C - Si
Forgings
SA-105
2
22
C - Si
Smls. pipe
SA-106
A
K02501
...
...
1
1
10
5
C - Si
Smls. pipe
SA-106
B
K03006
...
...
1
1
14
26
C - Si
Smls. pipe
SA-106
C
K03501
...
...
1
2
6
7
C - Si
Plate
SA-516
55
K01800
...
...
1
1
6
30
C - Mn - Si
Plate
SA-516
60
K02100
...
...
1
1
10
31
C - Mn - Si
Plate
SA-516
65
K02403
...
...
1
1
14
20
C - Mn - Si
Plate
SA-516
70
K02700
...
...
1
2
SEC2.PPT 10 / 2004
ASME II - D Stress Values (2/4)
Table 1A
SECTION I; SECTION III, CLASS 2 AND 3; * AND SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1; AND SECTION XII
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES S FOR FERROUS MATERIALS
(* See Maximum Temperature Limits for Restrictions on Class)
P-No
Group
No
Min Tensile
Strength
MPa
Min Yield
Strength
Mpa
Limits I
°C
Limits III
°C
Limits VIII-1
°C
Limits XII
°C
1
2
485
250
538
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, G35, S1, T2
1
1
330
205
538
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T1
1
1
415
240
538
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T1
1
2
485
275
538
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T1
1
1
380
205
454
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T2
1
1
415
220
454
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T2
1
1
450
240
454
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T2
1
2
485
260
454
371
538
343
CS-2
G10, S1, T2
Ext Press
Chart No
Notes
G10 Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800°F, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite.
G18 For Section I applications, this material may not be used for parts of firetube boilers under external pressure.
S1 For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 850°F and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 3 in. O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.
T2 Allowanle stresses for temperatures of 750°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.
SEC2.PPT 10 / 2004
ASME II - D Stress Values (3/4)
Table 1A
SECTION I; SECTION III, CLASS 2 AND 3; * AND SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1; AND SECTION XII
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES S FOR FERROUS MATERIALS
(* See Maximum Temperature Limits for Restrictions on Class)
Maximum Allow able Stress, MPa (Multiply by 1000 to Obtain kPa), for Metal Temperature, °C, Not Exceeding
-30 to 40
65
100
125
150
200
250
300
325
350
138
138
138
138
138
138
136
129
125
122
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
93,6
118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118
118
117
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
135
118
118
118
118
118
118
118
115
112
108
118
118
118
118
118
118
118
115
112
108
128
128
128
128
128
128
128
125
122
118
SEC2.PPT 10 / 2004
ASME II - D Stress Values (4/4)
Table 2A
SECTION III, CLASS 1 AND SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2;
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES Sm FOR FERROUS MATERIALS
(* See Maximum Temperature Limits for Restrictions on Class)
page
no.
line
no.
256
Type/ Grade
Alloy Desig/
UNS No
Class
Cond
Temper
Size/
Thickness
mm
P-No
Group No
SA-516
55
K01800
-
-
1
1
Plate
SA-516
60
K02100
-
-
1
1
Carbon Steel
Plate
SA-516
65
K02403
-
-
1
1
Carbon Steel
Plate
SA-516
70
K02700
-
-
1
2
Nominal
Composition
Product Form
Spec No
17
Carbon Steel
Plate
256
35
Carbon Steel
260
26
264
11
Add.
P-No
Group No
Min Tensile
Strength
MPa
Min Yield
Strength
Mpa
Limits III
°C
Limits VIII-2
°C
External
Pressure
Chart No
Notes
1
1
380
205
371
371
CS-2
-
1
1
415
220
371
371
CS-2
-
1
1
450
240
371
371
CS-2
-
1
2
485
260
371
371
CS-2
-
-30 to 40
65
100
125
150
200
250
300
325
350
126
126
126
124
122
118
114
107
104
101
138
138
134
132
130
126
121
115
112
108
150
150
147
144
142
138
132
126
122
118
161
161
160
157
154
149
143
136
132
129
SEC2.PPT 10 / 2004
Section VIII-1 UG-93 Inspection of Materials
UG-93 Inspection of Materials
(a) Except as otherwise provided in UG-4(b), UG-10, UG-11, or UG-15,
requirements for acceptance of materials furnished by the material
manufacturer or material supplier in complete compliance with a
material specification of Section II shall be as follows.
(1) For plates, the vessel Manufacturer shall obtain the material test
report or certificate of compliance as provided for in the material
specification and the Inspector shall examine the Material Test Report or
certificate of compliance and shall determine that it represents the
material and meets the requirements of the material specification.
(2) For all other product forms, the material shall be accepted as
complying with the material specification if the material specification
provides for the marking of each piece with the specification
designation, including the grade, type, and class if applicable, and each
piece is so marked.
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
Section VIII-1 UG-93 (cont'd.)
-- When marking of each piece is not possible, or not provided in the Material
Specification marking may be accepted when each bundle or shipping container
provides the Material Specification, grade, type, class and the
Material Manufacturers or suppliers.
-- Coded marking is acceptable when applied to each piece provided traceability
is given to the original identification marking required in the Material
Specification.
-- All materials to be used in construction shall be examined before fabrication
to detect imperfections
- cut edges of rolled plates
- all material to be tested according to UG-84 shall be examined for
surface cracks
- corner joints shall be examined when the plate thickness is >1/2" (13 mm)
before and after welding
-- The Inspector shall assure himself that the thickness and other dimensions
comply with Section VIII/1 requirements
-- The Inspector shall assure himself that inspection and marking requirements
have been complied with for casting in accordance with UG-24
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
Section VIII - I Table U-3
Referenced Standards for pressure vessel parts
and year of accepted edition
(Status: E. 2015)
Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME / ANSI B16.5 2013
Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
ASME / ANSI B16.9 LE
Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe ASME B36.10M
2015
Pressure Relief Devices
ASME PTC 25
2014
NDE - Personell Qualification
SNT-TC-1A
2006
....(and so on)
LE- latest edition(see
SEC81 .PPT 09/2007
Section VIII - I Table U-3
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Design
and
Calculation
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII - 1 Design
UG-16
General
Min. thickness of Pressure Retaining Components, undertolerance
UG-19
Special Construction
UG-20
Design Temperature
UG-21
Design Pressure
UG-22
Loadings
UG-23
Stress Values ⇒ Section II Part D Table 1
UG-24
Castings
Maximum & MDMT
operation & test condition
Quality Factors
SEC81.PPT 8-00
Section VIII - 1 Design
UG-27
Thickness of shells, internal pressure
UG-28
Thickness of shells, external pressure
UG-32 f
Formed heads & conical covers
UG-34
Flat heads
UG-35
Quick actuating closures
UG-36
Openings and Reinforcements
UG-44
Flanges and Pipe Fittings
UG-47
Braced and stayed surfaces
UG-53
Ligaments
UG-54
Supports (appendix G)
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
SHELL CALCULATIONS UG-27
FORMED HEADS CALCULATIONS UG-32
APPENDIX 1- SUPPLEMENTARY FORMULAS
APPENDIX 1- SUPPLEMENTARY FORMULAS
Section VIII - 1 Design UG-22
VIII-1 / 09/2005
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
MAWP
and
MDMT
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII-1
UG-98
UG-98 MAWP
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE
UG-98(a) The maximum allowable working pressure for a vessel
is the maximum pressure permissible at the top of the vessel in its normal
operating position at the designated coincident temperature specified for that
pressure. It is the least of the values found for maximum allowable working
pressure for any of the essential parts of the vessel by the principles given in (b)
below, and adjusted for any difference in static head that may exist between the
part considered and the top of the vessel. (See 3-2.)
UG-98(b) The maximum allowable working pressure for a vessel part is the
maximum internal or external pressure, including the static head thereon, as
determined by the rules and formulas in this Division, together with the effect of
any combination of loadings listed in UG-22 which are likely to occur, for the
designated coincident temperature, excluding any metal thickness specified as
corrosion allowance. See UG-25.
UG-98(c) Maximum allowable working pressure may be determined for more
than one designated operating temperature, using for each temperature the
applicable allowable stress value.
SEC81.PPT 05-03
UG-20 Design Temperature
(a) Maximum. Except as required in UW-2(d)(3), the maximum temperature used in design
shall be not less than the mean metal temperature (through the thickness) expected under
operating conditions for the part considered (see 3-2). If necessary, the metal temperature
shall be determined by computation or by measurement from equipment in service under
equivalent operating conditions.
(b) Minimum. The minimum metal temperature used in design shall be the lowest
expected in service except when lower temperatures are permitted by the rules of this Division
(see UCS-66 and UCS-160). The minimum mean metal temperature shall be determined by the
principles described in (a) above. Consideration shall include the lowest operating temperature,
operational upsets, autorefrigeration, atmospheric temperature, and any other sources of cooling
[except as permitted in (f)(3) below for vessels meeting the requirements of (f) below].
The MDMT marked on the nameplate shall correspond to a coincident pressure equal to
the MAWP. When there are multiple MAWP's, the largest value shall be used to establish the
MDMT marked on the nameplate. Additional MDMT's corresponding with other MAWP's may also
be marked on the nameplate.
(c) Design temperatures that exceed the temperature limit in the applicability column shown in
Section II, Part D, Subpart 1, Tables 1A, 1B and 3 are not permitted. In addition, design
temperatures for vessels under external pressure shall not exceed the maximum temperatures
given on the external pressure charts.
(d) The design of zones with different metal temperatures may be based on their determined
temperatures.
(e) Suggested methods for obtaining the operating temperature of vessel walls in service are
given in Appendix C.
SEC81.PPT 02 / 2006
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Welds, Types,
Categories
B31.PPT 09/03
ASME Code
Definition
Definition of Welds
of
Joints
0°-30°
~90°
30°-90°
SEC81.PPT 10/02
UW-2- SERVICE RESTRICTIONS
UW-2 SERVICE RESTRICTIONS
(a) When vessels are to contain lethal (65) substances,
either liquid or gaseous, all butt welded joints shall be
fully radiographed, except under the provisions of (2)
and (3) below, and UW-11(a)(4). ERW pipe or tube is
not permitted to be used as a shell or nozzle in lethal
service applications. When fabricated of carbon or low
alloy steel, such vessels shall be postweld heat treated.
When a vessel is to contain fluids of such a nature that
a very small amount mixed or unmixed with air is
dangerous to life when inhaled, it shall be the
responsibility of the user and/or his designated agent
to determine if it is lethal. If determined as lethal, the
user and/or his designated agent [see U-2(a)] shall so
advise the designer and/or Manufacturer.
It shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer to
comply with the applicable Code provisions (see UCI2 and UCD-2).
(1) The joints of various categories (see UW-3) shall
be as follows:
(-a) Except for welded tubes and pipes internal to
heat exchanger shells, all joints of Category A shall be
Type No. (1) of Table UW-12.
(-b) All joints of Categories B and C shall be Type
No. (1) or No. (2) of Table UW-12.
UW-11
RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
UW-11 RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONIC
EXAMINATION
(a) Full Radiography. The following welded joints shall
be examined radiographically for their full length in the
manner prescribed in UW-51:
(1) all butt welds in the shell and heads of vessels
used to contain lethal substances [see UW-2(a)];
(2) all butt welds in the shell and heads of vessels in
which the nominal thickness [see (g) below] at the welded
joint exceeds 11/2 in. (38 mm), or exceeds the lesser thicknesses
prescribed in UCS-57, UNF-57, UHA-33, UCL-35,
or UCL-36 for the materials covered therein, or as otherwise
prescribed in UHT-57, ULW-51, ULW-52(d),
ULW-54, or ULT-57;
(3) all butt welds in the shell and heads of unfired
steam boilers having design pressures
(-a) exceeding 50 psi (350 kPa) [see UW-2(c)];
(-b) not exceeding 50 psi (350 kPa) [see UW-2(c)]
but with nominal thickness at the welded joint exceeding
the thickness specified in (2) above;
(4) all butt welds in nozzles, communicating chambers,
etc., with the nominal thickness at the welded joint
that exceeds the thickness in (2) above or attached to
the shell or heads of vessels under (1), (2), or (3) above
that are required to be fully radiographed; however, except
as required by UHT-57(a), Categories B and C butt
welds in nozzles and communicating chambers that
neither exceed NPS 10 (DN 250) nor 11/8 in. (29 mm) wall
thickness do not require any radiographic examination;
(5)
all Category A and D butt welds in the shell and
heads of vessels where the design of the joint or part is
based on a joint efficiency permitted by UW-12(a), in
which case:
(-a) Category A and B welds connecting the shell or
heads of vessels shall be of Type No. (1) or Type No. (2) of
Table UW-12;
(-b) Category B or C butt welds [but not including
those in nozzles and communicating chambers except as
required in (4) above] which intersect the Category A butt
welds in the shell or heads of vessels or connect seamless
vessel shell or heads shall, as a minimum, meet the requirements
for spot radiography in accordance with
UW-52. Spot radiographs required by this paragraph shall
not be used to satisfy the spot radiography rules as applied
to any other weld increment.
(6) all butt welds joined by electrogas welding with
any single pass greater than 11/2 in. (38 mm) and all butt
welds joined by electroslag welding;
(7) ultrasonic examination in accordance with UW-53
may be substituted for radiography for the final closure
seam of a pressure vessel if the construction of the vessel
does not permit interpretable radiographs in accordance
with Code requirements. The absence of suitable radiographic
equipment shall not be justification for such
substitution.
(8) exemptions from radiographic examination for
certain welds in nozzles and communicating chambers
as described in (2), (4), and (5) above take precedence
over the radiographic requirements of Subsection C of this
Division.
Section VIII-1 - TABLE UW-12 JOIN EFFICIENCIES
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE JOINT EFFICIENCIES FOR ARC AND GAS WELDED JOINTS
Type
No.
Joint
Description
Limitations
Joint
Category
Degree of Radiographic Examination
(a)
(b)
(c)
Full2
Spot
None
(1) Butt joints as attained by
double-welding or by other
means which will obtain the
same quality of deposited weld
metal on the inside and outside
weld surfaces to agree with
the requirements of UW-35.
Welds using metal backing
strips which remain in place
are excluded.
None
A, B, C, & D
1.00
0.85
0.70
(2) Single-welded butt joint with
backing strip other than those
included under (1)
(a) None except as in (b) below
(b) Circumferential butt joints with
one plate offset; see UW-13(b)(4) and
Fig. UW-13.1, sketch (i)
A, B, C, & D
A, B, & C
0.90
0.90
0.80
0.80
0.65
0.65
(3) Single-welded butt joint without use of backing strip
Circumferential butt joints only, not
over 5/8 in. (16 mm) thick and not over
24 in. (600 mm) outside diameter
A, B, & C
NA
NA
0.60
(4) Double full fillet lap joint
(a) Longitudinal joints not over
3/8 in. (10 mm) thick
(b). Circumferential joints not over
5/8 in. (16 mm) thick
A
NA
NA
0.55
B&C
NA
NA
0.55
...
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII-1 UW-12(d) Joint Efficiencies
(d) Seamless vessel sections or heads shall be
considered equivalent to welded parts of the same
geometry in which all Category A welds are Type No. 1.
For calculations involving circumferential stress in
seamless vessel sections or for thickness of seamless heads,
E = 1.0 when the spot radiography requirements of UW11(a)(5)(b) are met. E = 0.85 when the spot radiography
requirements of UW-11(a)(5)(b) are not met, or when the
Category A or B welds connecting seamless vessel sections
or heads are Type No. 3, 4, 5, or 6 of Table UW-12.
SEC81.PPT 03/98
JOINT EFFICIENCIES - FIGURES
JOINT EFFICIENCIES - FIGURES
JOINT EFFICIENCIES – FIGURES
JOINT EFFICIENCIES - FIGURES
JOINT EFFICIENCIES
JOINT EFFICIENCIES
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Special Service
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII-1 Special Service Requirements
UW-2(a):
lethal service
→ butt joints, full penetration
→ PWHT for C-carbon and LA-low alloy steel
→ full RT of all butt joints (UW-11(a))
UW-2(b):
low temperature service
→ special welded joints
→ see UCS for temperature limits
UW-2(c):
unfired steam boilers(P>50psi(3,43ba)
→ special welded joints
→ PWHT for C- and LA-steel
→ full RT of all butt joints (UW-11(a))
UW-2(d):
vessels subject to direct firing
→ special welded joints
→ special PWHT requirements
→ design temperature is at least equal to the surface temperature
SEC81.PPT 10/99
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Openings
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII-1 UW-16.1
Fig. UW-16.1 Nozzle Example
Backing strip if used may be removed after welding
tmin =
tc
=
the smaller of 3/4 in. (19 mm) or the thickness of the thinner of the
parts joined by a fillet, single-bevel, or single-J weld, in.
not less than the smaller of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or 0.7tmin
(inside corner welds may be further limited by a lesser length of
projection of the nozzle wall beyond the inside face of the vessel wall)
Note (2) to Fig. UW-16.1:
Where the Term Radius appears, provide a 1/8 in. (3 mm) minimum blend radius.
SEC81.PPT 11/2007
Section VIII-1 UG-44 Flanges and Pipe Fittings
UG-44 FLANGES AND PIPE FITTINGS
The following standards covering flanges and pipe fittings
are acceptable for use under this Division in accordance
with the requirements of UG-11. Pressure-temperature
ratings shall be in accordance with the appropriate
standard except that the pressure-temperature ratings for
ASME B 16.9 and ASME B 16.1 1 fittings shall be
calculated as for straight seamless pipe in accordance
with the rules of this Division including the maximum
allowable stress for the material. The thickness tolerance
of the ASME standards shall apply.
UG-44(a) ASME/ANSI B16.5, Pipe Flanges and
Flanged Fittings [see UG-11 (a)(2)]
UG-44(b) ASME B 16.9, Factory-Made Wrought
Buttwelding Fittings
UG-44(c) ASME B 16.11, Forged Fittings, Socket
Welding and Threaded
UG-44(d) ANSI/ASME B16.15, Cast Bronze Threaded
Fittings, Classes 125 and 250
UG-44(e) ASME B 16.20, Metallic Gaskets for Pipe
Flanges - Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed
UG-44(f) ASME B 16.24, Cast Copper Alloy Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 150, 300, 400, 600,
900, 1500, and 2500
UG-44(g) ASME/ANSI B16.42, Ductile Iron Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 150 and 300
UG-44(h) ASME B 16.47, Large Diameter Steel
Flanges, NPS 26 Through NPS 60
UG-44(i) A forged nozzle flange may use the
ASME B 16.5/B 16.47 pressure-temperature ratings
for the flange material being used, provided all of
the following are met.
UG-44(i)(1) For ASME B16.5 applications, the
forged nozzle flange shall meet all dimensional
requirements of a flanged fitting given in ASME
B16.5 with the exception of the inside diameter. The
inside diameter of the forged nozzle flange shall not
exceed the inside diameter of the same size lap joint
flange given in ASME B16.5. For ASME B16.47
applications, the inside diameter shall not exceed the
weld hub diameter A given in the ASME B16.47
tables.
UG-44(i)(2) For ASME B16.5 applications, the
outside diameter of the forged nozzle neck shall be
at least equal to the hub diameter of the same size
and class ASME B16.5 lap joint flange. For ASME
B16.47 applications, the outside diameter of the hub
shall at least equal the X diameter given in the
ASME B16.47 tables. Larger hub diameters shall be
limited to nut stop diameter dimensions. See Fig. 24 sketches (12) and (12a).
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
Section VIII - Division 1
UG-45 NOZZLE NECK THICKNESS
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Impact Testing
and
Exemptions
B31.PPT 09/03
UG - 20 (f) Impact Testing Exemptions
(f) Impact testing per UG-84 is not mandatory for pressure vessel materials which satisfy all
of the following.
(1) The material shall be limited to P-No. 1, Gr. No. 1 or 2, and the thickness,
as defined in UCS-66(a) [see also General Note (1) in Fig. UCS-66.2], shall not exceed that
given in (a) or (b) below:
(a) 1/2 in. ( 13 mm) for materials listed in Curve A of Fig. UCS-66;
(b) 1 in. (25 mm) for materials listed in Curve B, C, or D of Fig. UCS-66.
(2) The completed vessel shall be hydrostatically tested per UG-99(b) or (c) or 27-3.
(3) Design temperature is no warmer than 650°F (343°C) nor colder than -20°F (-29°C).
Occasional operating temperatures colder than -20°F (-29°C) are acceptable when due to
lower seasonal atmospheric temperature.
(4) The thermal or mechanical shock loadings are not a controlling design requirement.
(See UG-22.)
(5) Cyclical loading is not a controlling design requirement. (See UG-22.)
SEC81.PPT 10/02
Section VIII-1 UCS-66
UCS-66 MATERIALS
(a) Unless exempted by the rules of UG-20(f) or other rules of this
Division, Figure UCS-66 shall be used to establish impact testing
exemptions for steels listed in Part UCS. When Fig. UCS-66 is used, impact
testing is required for a combination of minimum design metal temperature
(see UG-20) and thickness (as defined below) which is below the curve
assigned to the subject material. If a minimum design metal temperature
and thickness combination is on or above the curve, impact testing is not
required by the rules of this Division, except as required by (j) below and
UCS-67(a)(3) for weld metal.
Components, such as shells, heads, nozzles, manways, reinforcing pads,
flanges, tubesheets, flat cover plates, backing strips which remain in place,
and attachments which are essential to the structural integrity of the vessel
when welded to pressure retaining components, shall be treated as separate
components. Each component shall be evaluated for impact test
requirements based on its individual material classification, thickness as
defined in (1), (2), or (3) below, and the minimum design metal
temperature.
SEC81.PPT 09/2006
Section VIII-1 UCS-66. governing thickness
Section VIII-1 UCS-66. REDUCTION IMPACT TESTING
REDUCTION IMPACT TESTING (PWHT PERFORMED)
IMPACT TESTS OF WELDING
UCS-67 IMPACT TESTS OF WELDING
PROCEDURES
•
(a) Welds made with filler metal shall be
deposited using welding procedures qualified
with impact testing in accordance with UG-84
when any of the following apply:
•
(1) when either base metal is required to be
impact tested by the rules of this Division; or
•
(2) when the thickness of any individual weld
pass exceeds 1/2 in. (13 mm) and the MDMT
is colder than 70°F (21°C); or
•
(3) when joining base metals exempt from
impact testing by UCS-66(g) or Figure UCS-66,
Curve C or D and the MDMT is colder than
−20°F (−29°C) but not colder than –55°F (–
48°C). Qualification of the welding procedure
with impact testing is not required when no
individual weld pass in the production weld
exceeds 1/4 in. (6 mm) in thickness; and each
heat and/or lot of filler metal or combination of
heat and/or lot of filler metal and batch of flux
has been classified by their manufacturer
through impact testing per the applicable SFA
specification at a temperature not warmer than
the MDMT.
Additional testing beyond the scope of the SFA
specification may be performed by the filler metal
and/or flux manufacturer to expand their
classification for a broader range of temperatures; or
(4) when joining base metals exempt from impact
testing by UCS-66(g) and the MDMT is colder than –
55°F (–48°C).
(b) Except for welds made as part of the material
specification, welds in UCS materials made without
filler metal shall be completed using welding
procedures qualified with impact testing any of the
following conditions apply:
(1) when either base metal is required to be impact
tested by the rules of this Division; or
(2) the thickness at the weld exceeds 1/2 in. (13 mm)
regardless of the MDMT; or
(3) when the thickness at the weld exceeds 5/16 in.
(8 mm) and the MDMT is colder than 50°F (10°C);
or
(4) when joining base metals exempt from impact
testing by UCS-66(g) and the MDMT is colder than –
55°F(–48°C).
Section VIII-1 UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves
GENERAL NOTES ON ASSIGNMENT OF
MATERIALS TO CURVES:
MDMT (°F)
A
B
C
D
(Limited to 4 in. for Welded Construction)
SEC81.PPT 10/02
Section VIII-1 UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves
GENERAL NOTES ON ASSIGNMENT OF
MATERIALS TO CURVES:
MDMT (°F)
(b) Curve B applies to
A
B
C
D
(1)SA-216 Grade WCA if normalized and
tempered or
waterquenched and tempered.
SA-216 Grades WCB and WCC for
thicknesses not
exceeding 2 in., if
produced to fine grain practice and waterquenched and tempered
SA-217 Grade WC9 if normalized and
tempered
SA-285 Grades A and B
SA-414 Grade A; SA-515 Grade 60
SA-516 Grades 65 and 70 if not normalized
SA-612 if not normalized
SA-662 Grade B if not normalized
SA/EN 10028-2 P295GH as-rolled;
(2)
except for cast steels, all materials of Curve
A if produced to fine grain practice and
normalized which are
not listed in Curves C
and D below;
(3)
(4)
(Limited to 4 in. for Welded Construction)
all pipe, fittings, forgings and tubing not
listed for Curves C and D below;
parts permitted under UG-11 shall be
included in Curve B
even when fabricated
from plate
that
SEC81.PPT 10/02
otherwise would be
Section VIII-1 UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves
Section VIII-1 UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves
IMPACT TEST REDUCTION IN MDMT
ASME VIII DIV.1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MDMT
A pressure vessel shell is 0.75 inches thick and is fabricated of SA-516-70N
material. The allowable stress is 20,000 psi. The MAWP is 200 psi and the inside
diameter is 10 feet. The requirements of UW-11(a)(5) were met. The shell has a
corrosion allowance of 0.125”. The client wants an MDMT of -450F. Does this shell
require impacts?
UG-20f does not apply.
UCS-66 ----Curve D material good to -420F(-41ºc)
tr = PR/SE-.6P = 200(60)/20000(1) – 0.6(200) = 12000/19880
tr = 0.604”
trE*/tn – c = 0.604(1)/0.75 – 0.125 = 0.604/0.625 = 0.966
The ratio allows a drop of 40F so -4 + -42 = -46 Impacts are not
required
ASME VIII DIV.1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MDMT
A pressure vessel is designed for 350 psi at 2000F, and is constructed of 0.5” SA-106B seamless pipe.
This material has an allowable stress of 17, 100 psi at that temperature. The outside diameter is 30 inches
and no RT was performed. The vessel has a corrosion allowance of 1/8”. The client wants an MDMT of
– 300F. Does this pipe require impact testing?
UG-20f NA
MDMT is too low, UCS-66, this is a Curve B material and good
down to -70F.
tr = PR/SE+ .4P = 350(14.5)/17100(0.85)- .6(350) = 5250/14325 = 0.354
trE*/tn – c = 0.354(.85)/0.5 – 0.125 = 0.3009/0.375 = 0.8024
This would allow a drop of another 190 F which gets us down to -26 0F So, unless
we take advantage of the UCS-68, impacts will be required.
http://www.gowelding.com/weld/fracture/impact.html
ASME VIII DIV.1
MDMT
pressure vessel is constructed of SA-106-B pipe. The vessel is designed for 538 psi. The allowable
stress
of
this material is 17,100 psi and the outside diameter is 24” with a corrosion allowance of 1/8”.
The
nominal thickness is 0.5625”. The client wants an MDMT of -25 degrees F. Does this shell
require impact testing? Show all calculations. Post weld heat treatment will NOT be performed.
SA-20(f) does not apply. Curve B material good down to -1 degree F
tr =
= 538(12)
= 6456 =
PRo
SE + .4(P) 17100(.85) + .4(538)
14750
trE* = .437(.85) =
tn – c
0.5625 - .125
0.37145
0.4375
=
0.437
0.84
This allows a drop of about 150 F therefore -1 + -15 = -16. Impacts are required.
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
UW-2 SERVICE RESTRICTIONS
•
(a) When vessels are to contain lethal
substances, either liquid or gaseous, all
butt welded joints shall be:
•
fully radiographed, except under the
provisions of (2) and (3) below, and UW11(a)(4). ERW pipe or tube is not permitted
to be used as a shell or nozzle in lethal
service applications. When fabricated of
carbon or low alloy steel, such vessels
shall be postweld heat treated.
•
•
•
•
(c) Unfired steam boilers with design
pressures exceeding
50 psi (343 kPa)shall satisfy all of the
following requirements:
(3) When fabricated of carbon or low-alloy
steel,
such vessels shall be postweld heat
treated.
(d) Pressure vessels or parts subject to direct
firing [see U-1(h)] may be constructed in
accordance with all applicable rules of this
Division and shall meet the following
requirements:
(1) All welded joints in Category A (see UW-3)
shallbe in accordance with Type No. (1) of Table
UW-12, and all welded joints in Category B,
when the thickness exceeds 5/8 in. (16 mm),
shall be in accordance with Type No. (1) or No.
(2) of Table UW-12. No welded joints of Type
No. (3) of Table UW-12 are permitted for either
Category A or B joints in any thickness.
(2) When the thickness at welded joints
exceeds 5/8 in. (16 mm) for carbon (P‐‐No. 1)
steels and for all thicknesses for low alloy
steels (other than P‐‐No. 1 steels), postweld
heat treatment is required. For all other
material and in any thickness, the
requirements for postweld heat treatment
shall be in conformance with the applicable
Subsections of this Division. See also U-1(g),
UG-16(b), and
UCS-56.
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
UCS-56 REQUIREMENTS FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
Except as otherwise specifically provided in the notes to
Tables UCS-56-1 through UCS-56-11 and Table UCS-56.1,
all welds in pressure vessels or pressure vessel parts shall
be given a postweld heat treatment at a temperature not
less than specified in those Tables when the nominal thickness,
as defined in UW-40(f), including corrosion allowance,
exceeds the limits in those Tables.
UW-40 PROCEDURES FOR POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
(f) The term nominal thickness as used in Tables
UCS-56-1 through UCS-56-11, UCS-56.1, UHA-32-1
through UHA-32-6, and UHT-56, is the thickness of the
welded joint as defined below. For pressure vessels or
parts of pressure vessels being postweld heat treated in
a furnace charge, it is the greatest weld thickness in any
vessel or vessel part which has not previously been postweld
heat treated.
(1) When the welded joint connects parts of the same
thickness, using a full penetration buttweld, the nominal
thickness is the total depth of the weld exclusive of any
permitted weld reinforcement.
(2) For groove welds, the nominal thickness is the
depth of the groove.
(3) For fillet welds, the nominal thickness is the
throat dimension. If a fillet weld is used in conjunction
with a groove weld, the nominal thickness is the depth
of the groove or the throat dimension, whichever is
greater.
(4) For stud welds, the nominal thickness shall be the
diameter of the stud.
(5) When a welded joint connects parts of unequal
thicknesses, the nominal thickness shall be the following:
(-a) the thinner of two adjacent butt‐welded parts including head to shell
connections
(-b) the thickness of the shell or the fillet weld,
whichever is greater, in connections to intermediate heads
of the type shown in Figure UW-13.1 sketch (e);
(-c) the thickness of the shell in connections to tubesheets,
flat heads, covers, flanges (except for welded parts depicted in
Figure 2-4 sketch (7), where the thickness of the weld shall
govern), or similar constructions;
(-d) in Figures UW-16.1 and UW-16.2, the thickness
of the weld across the nozzle neck or shell or head
or reinforcing pad or attachment fillet weld, whichever
is the greater;
(-e) the thickness of the nozzle neck at the joint in
nozzle neck to flange connections;
(-f) the thickness of the weld at the point of attachment
when a nonpressure part is welded to a pressure
part;
(-g) the thickness of the weld in tube‐to‐tubesheet
connections.
(-h) the thickness of the weld metal overlay when
weld metal overlay is the only welding applied
The thickness of the head, shell, nozzle neck, or
other parts as used above shall be the wall thickness of
the part at the welded joint under consideration. For plate
material, the thickness as shown on the Material Test Report
or material Certificate of Compliance before forming
may be used, at the Manufacturer’s option, in lieu of
measuring the wall thickness at the welded joint.
(6) For repairs, the nominal thickness is the depth of
the repair weld.
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
•
GENERAL NOTES:
•
(a) When it is impractical to postweld heat treat at the temperature specified in this Table, it is permissible to carry
out the postweld heat treatment at lower temperatures for longer periods of time in accordance with Table UCS-56.1.
•
(b) Postweld
heat treatment is mandatory under the following conditions:
•
•
(1) for welded joints over 11/2 in. (38 mm) nominal thickness;
(2) for welded joints over 11/4 in. (32 mm) nominal thickness through 11/2 in. (38 mm) nominal thickness unless preheat is
applied at a minimum temperature of 200°F (95°C) during welding. This preheat need not be applied to SA-841 Grades A and B,
provided that the carbon content and carbon equivalent (CE) for the plate material, by heat analysis, do not exceed 0.14% and
0.40%, respectively, where (3) for welded joints of all thicknesses if required by UW-2,
except postweld heat
treatment is not mandatory under the conditions specified below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
(a) for groove welds not over 1/2 in. (13 mm) size and fillet welds with a throat not over 1/2 in. (13 mm) that attach
nozzle connections that have a finished inside diameter not greater than 2 in. (50 mm), provided the connections do
not form ligaments that require an increase in shell or head thickness, and preheat to a minimum temperature of
200°F (95°C) is applied;
(b) for groove welds not over 1/2 in. (13 mm) in size or fillet welds with a throat thickness of 1/2 in. (13 mm) or less
that attach tubes to a tubesheet when the tube diameter does not exceed 2 in. (50 mm). A preheat of 200°F (95°C)
minimum must be applied when the carbon content of the tubesheet exceeds 0.22%.
(c) for groove welds not over 1/2 in. (13 mm) in size or fillet welds with a throat thickness of 1/2 in. (13 mm) or less
used for attaching nonpressure parts to pressure parts provided preheat to a minimum temperature of 200°F (95°C)
is applied when the thickness of the pressure part exceeds 11/4 in. (32 mm);
(d) for studs welded to pressure parts provided preheat to a minimum temperature of 200°F (95°C) is applied when
the thickness of the pressure part exceeds 11/4 in. (32 mm);
(e) for corrosion resistant weld metal overlay cladding or for welds attaching corrosion resistant applied lining (see
UCL-34) provided preheat to a minimum temperature of 200°F (95°C) is maintained during application of the first
layer when the thickness of the pressure part exceeds 11/4 in. (32 mm).
(c) NA = not applicable
UCS-68 DESIGN
When the minimum design metal temperature is colder than −55°F (−48°C), and the coincident ratio defined in Figure
UCS-66.1 is 0.35 or greater, postweld heat treatment is required
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Manufacturing,
Welding
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII-1 UG-9
UG-9 WELDING MATERIALS
Welding materials used for production shall comply with the
requirements of this Division, those of Section IX, and the applicahle
qualified welding procedure specification. When the welding materials
comply with one of the specifications in Section II, Part C, the marking
or tagging of the material, containers, or packages as required by the
applicable Section II specification may he accepted for identification in
lieu of a Certified Test Report or a Certificate of Compliance. When
the welding materials do not comply with one of the specifications of
Section II, the marking or tagging shall be identifiable with the
welding materials set forth in the welding procedure specification, and
may be accepted in lieu of a Certified Test Report or a Certificate of
Compliance
SEC81.PPT 01/00
Section VIII-1 Fabrication
UG-75
General
UG-76
Cutting plates and other stock:
remove slag, etc.; rounding of exposed inside edges
UG-77
Material Identification (full traceability)
Material ID Transfer Requirements for Subcontractors (UG-77 (c))
UG-79
Forming (Limits for cold-forming in UCS-79 and UHT-79)
Heat Treatment may be required
UG-80
Out of roundness max. 1% of Mean Diameter;
within 1 nozzle ID from nozzle center plus 2% of ID
UG-81
Tolerances for formed heads
max. 1.25% of shell-ID to outside;
5/8% to inside of theoretical shape
UG-82
Lugs and Fitting Attachments:
Covered welds shall be ground flush,
nonpressure-attachments may be coped
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII-1 Fabrication
UW-26
General welding requirements; subcontracting
UW-27
Welding Processes; special requirements
UW-28
WPS qualification with PQR prior to fabrication!
Exemption: automatic welding of nonpressure attachments
UW-29
Qualification of welders and welding operators
UW-30
Recommendations: min. Temperature 0°F (-20°C)
min. Preheating 60°F (15°C)
UW-31
Cutting, fitting, alignment, tack welds
UW-32
Cleaning prior to welding
UW-33
Alignment tolerance Table UW-33; 3:1 taper
UW-35
reduction in thickness max. lesser of 1/32“ (1 mm) or 10%
only if required thickness is not affected;
max. reinforcement of welds
UW-37
Mischellaneous Welding Requirements
UW-38
Repair of Weld Defects
UW-40
Post Weld Heat Treatment, and UCS-56
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
Section VIII-1 Fabrication
INSPECTIONS
Cleaning of surfaces to be welded (UW-32)
The surfaces to be welded shall be clean and free of scale, rust, oil, grease and other deleterious for-eign materials on both
sides of the weld preparation:
- ferrous materials min. 12.7 mm
- nonferrous materials min. 50.8 mm
Alignment Tolerances ( UW - 33 )
The alignment tolerances shall comply with the figure indicated in Table UW-33.
Reinforcement
The maximum reinforcement shall be within Table UW – 35 .
Out-of-Roundness ( UG-80)
The difference between the maximum and minimum inside diameter shall not exceed 1%
(see UG 80.2) of the nominal diameter for pressure on concave side.
When the cross section passes through an opening or within a circle of a radius of 1 x I.D. (Inside Di-ameter) of the
opening, the difference may be increased up to 2%.
In case of external pressure, the tolerances shall be computed by Design Engineer and noted on the drawing.
Welding seam area
The reduction in thickness shall not reduce the material of the adjoining surfaces below the minimum required thickness at
any point.
The reduction in thickness shall not exceed 1/32 in. (0,8 mm) or 10% of the nominal thickness of the adjoining surface,
whichever is less.
Section VIII-1 Fabrication
Table UW - 33 Alignment Tolerance
up to
over
over
over
over
Section Thickness in mm
13
13 to 19
19 to 38
38 to 51
51
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
Joint Categories
A
B, C & D
¼t
¼t
3 mm
¼t
3 mm
5 mm
1
/8 t
3 mm
lesser of
lesser of
1
1
/16 t or 10 mm
/8 t or 19 mm
Fig. UW - 3 Illustration of welded joint locations typical of categories A, B, C, and D
Table UW - 35
Less than
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Material Nominal
Thickness in mm
2,4
2,4 to 4,8
4,8 to 13
13 to 25
25 to 51
51 to 76
76 to 102
102 to 127
127
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
Maximum Reinforcement, mm
Other
Category B & C
Welds
Butt Welds
2,5
0,8
3
1,5
4
2,5
5
2,5
6
3
6
4
6
5,5
6
6
8
8
VIII-1 - Fabrication
UW-35 FINISHED LONGITUDINAL AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL JOINTS
(a) Butt welded joints shall have complete penetration and full fusion. (..)
(b) A reduction in thickness due to the welding process is acceptable provided all of the
following conditions are met.
(1) (..) not below the minimum required thickness at any point.
(2) The reduction in thickness shall not exceed l/32 in. (1 mm) or 10% of the
nominal thickness of the adjoining surface, whichever is less.
(d) (..) The thickness of the weld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the following:
Maximum Reinforcement, in. (mm)
Material Nominal
Category B & C Other
Thickness, in. (mm)
Butt Welds
Welds
Less than 3/32
(2,4)
3/32 (2,4)
1/32 (0,8)
3/32 to 3/16, incl.
(2,4 – 4,8)
1/8
(3,2)
1/16 (1,6)
5/32 (4,0)
3/32 (2,4)
Over 3/16 to 1/2, incl. (4,8 – 13)
SEC81.PPT 10/2004
The new OneSESCC
The new One – the best one for you
Section VIII Div.1Nondestructive
Examination (NDE)
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII - 1 NDE - Methods and Extent (1/2)
Visual Examination
• of all material prior to fabrication UG-93(d)
• setup of all parts prior to joining and during fabrication
• for surface cracks of all impact tested material UG-93(d)
Surface Crack Examination (MT or PT)
• UG-93(d):
• UW-50:
• UHA-34:
• UHT-57:
• UHT-57:
joint preparation of corner joints (over 1/2 in. (13 mm) plates) under UW-13
and finished corner joints
welds at openings or attachments of pneumatically tested vessels
PT of all groove and fillet welds over 3/4" (19 mm)
all nozzle attachement welds 2" (50 mm) ID and less
all welds after pressure test
SEC81.PPT 11/2007
Section VIII - 1 NDE - Methods and Extent (2/2)
Volumetric Examination
Full Radiography
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
UW-51:
performance and acceptance
UW-11(a): butt joints in lethal service (UW-2(c)),or unfired steam boilers,
(not in nozzles NPS 10 (DN 250) or 1-1/8 in. (29 mm) wall thickness or less)
UW-11(a): all buttwelds over 1-1/2 in (38 mm) , and all A&D butt welds per UW-12(a), etc.
(intersecting Cat B or C joints require Spot RT per UW-11(a)(5)(b))
UW-11(a): all Electrogas buttwelds over 1-1/2 in (38 mm) pass thickness
UCS-57: buttwelds over 1-1/4 in. (32 mm) [P1]; ¾ in (19 mm) [P3]; 0 in. [P5]; etc.
UHA-33: all buttwelds in typ 405, 410, 429, 430 materials
UHT-57: all type 1 joints, all nozzle joints over 2" (50 mm) ID
Spot Radiography
•
•
•
UW-52
performance and acceptance
UW-11(b): all butt welds with E per UW-12 (b)
UW-12 (d): all type 1 butt welds joining seamless shells or heads with E=100%
No Radiography
•
for external pressure design or welds per UW-12(c)
Ultrasonic Examination
•
•
•
Electrogas, Electron beam and Friction welds
UW-11(a)(7): instead of RT for final closure only if RT is impracticable...
or per Code Case 2235 instead of RT, limited to T> ½ in. (13 mm).
SEC81.PPT 11/2007
Section VIII
TABLE UCS-57
THICKNESS ABOVE WHICH FULL RADIOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATION OF BUTT WELDED JOINTS
IS MANDATORY
P-No. & Gr. No.
Classification
of Material
1 Gr. 1, 2, 3
3 Gr. 1, 2, 3
4 Gr. 1, 2
5A, Gr. 1, 2
5B Gr. 1,2
5C Gr. 1
9A Gr. 1
9B Gr. 1
10A Gr. 1
10B Gr. 1
10C Gr. 1
10F Gr. 1
Nominal Thickness Above
Which Butt Welded Joints
Shall Be Fully Radiographed, in. (mm)
1¼
¾
5/8
0
0
0
(32)
(19)
(16)
(0)
(0)
(0)
5/8
5/8
¾
5/8
5/8
¾
(16)
(16)
(19)
(16)
(16)
(19)
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII - 1 UW-51 (a) Full RT
UW-51 RADIOGRAPHIC AND RADIOSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
(a) All welded joints to be radiographed shall be examined in accordance with Article 2 of
Section V except as specified below.
(1) A complete set of radiographs and records, as described in T-291 and T-292 of Article 2 of
Section V, for each vessel or vessel part shall be retained by the Manufacturer until the
Manufacturer's Data Report has been signed by the Inspector.
(2) The Manufacturer shall certify that personnel performing and evaluating radiographic
examinations required by this Division have been qualified and certified in accordance with their
employer's written practice. SNT-TC-lA11 shall be used as a guideline for employers to establish
their written practice for qualification and certification of their personnel. Alternatively, the ASNT
Central Certification Program (ACCP)11, or CP-18911 may be used to fulfill the examination
and demonstration requirements of SNT-TC-1A and the employer’s written practice. Provisions
for training, experience, qualification, and certification of NDE personnel shall be described in the
Manufacturer's Quality Control System [see Appendix 10].
(4) The requirements of T-285 of Article 2 of Section V are to be used only as a guide. Final
acceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability to see the prescribed penetrameter image and
the specified hole or the designated wire of a wire penetrameter.
11
Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-lA, "Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing,“ ACCP, ASNT
Central Certification Program, and CP-189 are published by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 1711 Arlingate
Plaza, Caller #28518, Columbus, Ohio 43228-0518.
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
Section VIII - 1 UW-51 (b) Full RT
UW-51 RADIOGRAPHIC AND RADIOSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
(b) Indications shown on the radiographs of welds and characterized as imperfections are
unacceptable under the following conditions and shall be repaired as provided in UW-38, and the repair
radiographed to UW-51 or, at the option of the Manufacturer, ultrasonically examined in accordance
with the method described in Appendix 12 and the standards specified in this paragraph, provided the
defect has been confirmed by the ultrasonic examination to the satisfaction of the Authorized Inspector
prior to making the repair. For material thicknesses in excess of 1 in., the concurrence of the user shall be
obtained. This ultrasonic examination shall be noted under remarks on the Manufacturer's Data Report
Form:
(1) any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration;
(2) any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has length greater than:
(a) 1/4 in.(6 mm) for t up to 3/4 in. (19 mm)
(b) 1/3 t for t from ¾ (19 mm) in. to 2 1/4 in. (57 mm)
(c) 3/4 in. (19 mm) for t over 2 1/4 in. (57 mm) where
t = the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining
two members having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two
thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld,the thickness of the throat of the
fillet shall be included in t.
(3) any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12t,
except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the
longest imperfection in the group;
(4) rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in Appendix 4.
SEC81.PPT 10/2004
Section VIII - 1 UW-52 Spot RT
UW-52 SPOT EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
(a) Butt welded joints which are to be spot radiographed shall be examined locally as
provided herein.
(b) Minimum Extent of Spot Radiographic Examination
(1) One spot shall be examined on each vessel for each 50 ft ( 15 m) increment of weld
or fraction thereof for which a joint efficiency from column (b) of Table UW-12 is selected.
However, for identical vessels, each with less than 50 ft ( 15 m) of weld for which a joint
efficiency from column (b) of Table UW-12 is selected, 50 ft (15 m) increments of weld may be
represented by one spot examination.
(2) For each increment of weld to be examined, a sufficient number of spot radiographs
shall be taken to examine the welding of each welder or welding operator. Under conditions
where two or more welders or welding operators make weld layers in a joint, or on the two
sides of a double-welded butt joint, one spot may represent the work of all welders or welding
operators.
(3) Each spot examination shall be made as soon as practicable after completion of the
increment of weld to be examined. The location of the spot shall be chosen by the Inspector
after completion of the increment of welding to be examined, except that when the Inspector
has been notified in advance and cannot be present or otherwise make the selection, the
Manufacturer may exercise his own judgment in selecting the spots.
(4) Radiographs required at specific locations to satisfy the rules of other paragraphs,
such as UW-9(d), UW-11(a)(5)(b), and UW-14(b), shall not be used to satisfy the requirements
for spot radiography.
…..
SEC81.PPT 01 / 2007
Section VIII - 1 UW-52 Spot RT
UW-52
SPOT EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
…..
(c) Standards for Spot Radiographic Examination.
Spot examination by radiography shall be made in accordance with the technique prescribed in
UW-51(a). The minimum length of spot radiograph shall be 6 in. Spot radiographs may be
retained or be discarded by the Manufacturer after acceptance of the vessel by the Inspector.
…..
SEC81.PPT 01 / 2007
Section VIII - 1 Appendix 8
8-2 CERTIFICATION OF COMPETENCY OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
PERSONNEL
The manufacturer shall certify that each liquid penetrant examiner meets the following
requirements.
(a) He has vision, with correction if necessary, to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 2
Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 12 in. (300 mm), and is capable of distinguishing
and differentiating contrast between colors used. These requirements shall be checked annually.
(b) He is competent in the techniques of the liquid penetrant examination method for which
he is certified, including making the examination and interpreting and evaluating the results,
except that, where the examination method consists of more than one operation, he may be
certified as being qualified only for one or more of these operations.
SEC81apx.PPT 06/2007
Section VIII - 1 Appendix 8
8-3 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
8-4 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
An indication of an imperfection may be
larger than the imperfection that causes it;
however, the size of the indication is the basis
for acceptance evaluation. Only indications with
major dimensions greater than 1⁄16 in. (1.5 mm)
shall be considered relevant.
These acceptance standards shall apply
unless other more restrictive standards are
specified for specific materials or applications
within this Division.
(a) A linear indication is one having a length
greater than three times the width.
(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or
elliptical shape with the length equal to or less
than three times the width.
(c) Any questionable or doubtful indications
shall be reexamined to determine whether or not
they are relevant.
All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:
(a) relevant linear indications;
(b) relevant rounded indications greater than
3/16 in. (5 mm);
(c) four or more relevant rounded indications
in a line separated by 1/16 in. ( 1.5 mm) or less
(edge to edge);
SEC81apx.PPT 06/2007
Code Case 2235-9
UT instead of RT
Inquiry: Under what conditions and limitations may an ultrasonic examination be used in lieu of
radiography, when radiography is required in accordance with Section I, para. PW-11; VIII,
Division 1, para. UW-11(a); Section VIII, Division 2, Table AF-241.1; and Section XII, TE-230.1?
Reply: It is the opinion of the Committee that all welds in material 1/2 in. (13 mm) or greater in
thickness in pressure vessels may be examined using the ultrasonic (UT) method in lieu of the
radiography (RT) method, provided that all of the following requirements are met:
(a) The ultrasonic examination area shall include the volume of the weld, plus 2 in. (50 mm) on each
side of the weld for material thickness greater than 8 in.(200 mm). For material thickness 8 in. (200 mm)
or less, the ultrasonic examination area shall include the volume of the weld, plus the lesser of 1 in. (25
mm) or t on each side of the weld. ....
(b) A documented examination strategy or scan plan shall be provided showing transducer
placement, movement, and component coverage that provides a standardized and repeatable methodology
for weld acceptance. The scan plan shall also include ultrasonic beam angle used, beam directions with
respect to weld centerline, and vessel volume examined for each weld. The documentation shall be made
available to the Owner upon request.
(c) The ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure conforming to
the requirements of Section V, Article 4. The procedure shall have been demonstrated ….
(d) The ultrasonic examination shall be performed using a device employing automatic computer
enhanced data acquisition. ...
(e) Data is recorded in unprocessed form. A complete data set with no gating, filtering, or thresholding
for response from examination volume in para. (a) above shall be included in the data record.
(f) .....
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Examinations
and
Inspections
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII - UG-90 Inspection and Tests
(b) The Manufacturer has the responsibility of
assuring that the quality control, the detailed
examinations, and the tests required by this Division
are performed. The Manufacturer shall perform his
specified duties. See UG-92 and 10-15. Some, but not
all, of these responsibilities, which are defined in the
applicable rules, are summarized as follows:
(1) the Certificate of Authorization from the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee authorizing the
Manufacturer to fabricate the class of vessel being
constructed [UG-117(a)];
(2) the drawings and design calculations for the
vessel or part [10-5 and 10-15(d)];
(3) identification for all material used in the
fabrication of the vessel or part (UG-93);
(4) securing Partial Data Reports [UG-120(c)];
(5) access for the Inspector in accordance with UG92 and 10-15;
(6) examination of all materials before fabrication to
make certain they have the required thickness, to
detect defects [UG-93(d)], to make certain the
materials are permitted by this Division (UG-4), and
that traceability (UG-77) to the material identification
(UG-93) has been maintained;
(7) documentation of impact tests when such tests
are required (UF-5, UCS-66, UHA-51, UHT-6, and
ULT-5);
(8) concurrence of the Inspector prior to any repairs
(UG-78, UF-37);
(9) examination of the shell and head sections to
confirm they have been properly formed to the
specified shapes within the permissible tolerances
(UG-79, UG-80, UG-81, UF-27, and UF-29);
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII - UG-90 Inspection and Tests
(10) qualification of the welding and/or brazing
procedures before they are used in fabrication
[UG84(h), UW-28(b), and UB-31];
(11 ) qualification of welders and welding operators
and brazers before using the welders or brazers in
production work (UW-29, UW-48, UB-32, and UB43);
(12) examination of all parts prior to joining to
make certain they have been properly fitted for
welding or brazing and that the surfaces to be joined
have been cleaned and the alignment tolerances are
maintained (UW-31, UW-32, UW-33, and UB-17);
(13) examination of parts as fabrication progresses,
for material marking (UG-94), that defects are not
evident (UG-95), and that dimensional geometries are
maintained (UG-96 and UF-30);
(14) provision of controls to assure that all required
heat treatments are performed (UW-2, UW-10, UG-85,
UF-31, and 10-11);
(15) provision of records of nondestructive testing
examinations performed on the vessel or vessel parts.
This shall include retaining the radiographic film if
radiographic examinations are performed (UW-51,
UW52, and 10-10);
(16) making the required hydrostatic or pneumatic
test and having the required inspection performed
during such test (UG-99, UG-100, and UW-50);
(17) applying the required stamping and/or
nameplate to the vessel and making certain it is
applied to proper vessel (UG-116, UG-118, and UG119);
(18) preparing required Manufacturer's Data
Report and having it certified by the Inspector (UG120);
(19) providing for retention of radiographs (UW51), ultrasonic test reports (12-4), Manufacturer's
Data Reports (UG-120), and other documents as
required by this Division (10-13).
E07
SEC81.PPT 09/2007
Section VIII - UG-90 Inspection and Tests
(c)(1) The Inspector shall make all inspections
specifically required of him plus such other inspections
as he believes are necessary to enable him to certify that
all vessels which he authorizes to be stamped with the
Code Symbol have been designed and constructed in
accordance with the requirements of this Division.
Some, but not all, of the required inspections and
verifications, which are defined in the applicable rules,
are summarized as follows:
(a) verifying that the Manufacturer has a valid
Certificate of Authorization [UG-117(a)] and is working
to a Quality Control System [UG-117(e)];
(b) verifying that the applicable design calculations
are available [U-2(b), U-2(c), 10-5, and 10-15(d)];
(c) verifying that materials used in the construc
tion of the vessel comply with the requirements of
UG-4 through UG-14 (UG-93);
(d) verifying that all welding and brazing procedures
have been qualified (UW-28, UW-47, and UB-42);
(e) verifying that all welders, welding operators,
brazers, and brazing operators have been qualified (UW29, UW-48, and UB-43);
(f) verifying that the heat treatments, including
PWHT, have been performed (UG-85, UW-10, UW-40,
UW-49, and UF-52);
(g) verifying that material imperfections repaired by
welding were acceptably repaired [UG-78, UW52(d)(2)(c),
UF-37, and UF-47(c)];
(h) verifying that weld defects were acceptably repaired
[UW-51(c) and UW-52(c)];
(i) verifying that required nondestructive examinations,
impact tests, and other tests have been performed and that
the results are acceptable (UG-84, UG93, UW-50, UW-51,
UW-52, and UB-44);
(j) making a visual inspection of vessel to confirm that
the material identification numbers have been properly
transferred (UG-77 and UG-94);
(k) making a visual inspection of the vessel to confirm
that there are no material or dimensional defects (UG-95,
UG-96, and UG-97);
(l) performing internal and external inspections and
witnessing the hydrostatic or pneumatic tests (UG96, UG97, UG-99, UG-100, and UG-101);
(m) verifying that the required marking is provided
(UG-115) and that any nameplate has been attached to the
proper vessel;
(n) signing the Certificate of Inspection on the
Manufacturer's Data Report when the vessel, to the best of
his knowledge and belief, is in compliance with all the
provisions of this Division.
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
Demo Vessel - Traveller
1
2
3
Prerequisits
Drawing, Part list, Traveller
Design Calculation
Procedures, work, NDE, Testing
WPS, PQR, WPQ
MTRs for all plates
RTC
H
H
H
H
H
AI
R
H
R
R
R
client
Fabrication
Receiving Inspections, wall thck., surface examination
Cutting & marking transfer
Forming of shell to tolerance
Alignment of long. seam to tolerance, VT of edges
Tack welding, VT& brushing
Long. Welds welding, VT,
Alignment of circ. welds to tolerance, VT of edges
Welding circ. Welds, VT
Weld Prep. Of Nozzles
Welding of Nozzles, VT
External & Internal Inspection before attachment of Jacket
Select spot-RT locations
RT Examination
Attachment of Reinforcement Ring Nozzle III
Attachment of Jacket
RTC
H
F
F
F
F
H
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
F
F
AI
R
client
Final Inspection
Dimensional check
Visual inspection inside & outside
Hydrostatic pressure test, Gage#..................
Visual inspection under pressure
Verification of nameplate data, stamping
MDR certification
shotblasting, painting
shipment release
RTC
H
H
W
H
H
H
H
H
AI
R
H
H
H
H
H
F = Fabrication
Inspection
R = Review
H = Holdpoint
W = Witness Point
R
R
R
W
H
H
R
QC prepared
client
QM reviewed
AI accepted
SEC81.PPT 08/02
Demo Vessel -
Traveller
INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN - PPI
Exhibit 18.1 rev.0
Approved:
Q.C.M.:
Accepted:
A.I.:
Job Number: 3318
Item Reference: DEMO VESSEL Nº 3318
STEP
PROCESS:
DESIGN
1
Code / Order Concurrence
2
Calculations
3
Drawing Approval
july 27, 2015
APPLICABLE
DOCUMENT:
Revision:
Drawing No.
D.3319.01.00
CONSTRUCTOR:
AUTHORISED INSPECTOR:
Code:
Sign/ Date: Code:
Sign/ Date:
ASME SECT. VIII DIV.1 (ED
2013)
CALCULATIONS ATT-01
rev.0
Nº PLANO D.3319.01.00
H
june 15, 2015
H
june 18, 2015
H
june 15, 2015
H
june 18, 2015
H
june 15, 2015
H
june 18, 2015
4
Material Specifications
ASME SECC. II EDIT.2013
5
Material Requisitions
EXIBIT 18.7
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
IT-CI-RX-17 / IT-CI-LP-07
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
STANDARD PROCEDURES
1
NDE Procedures
P.W.H.T. Procedures
PROCEDURE PR-ATTSU04
H
3
HidraulicTest Procedures
PROCEDURE PR-ATTSU01
4
WPS
ASME SECT. IX (ED 2013)
5
P.Q.R.
ASME SECT. IX (ED 2013)
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
6
Welders Qualification
ASME SECT. IX (ED 2013)
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
7
NDE-Personnel Qualification
SNT TC 1A
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
ACC. QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL ATTSU-ASMEU,S
ACC. QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL ATTSU-ASMEU,S
EN 10204 3.1
H
june 19, 2015
H
june 19, 2015
R
june 22, 2015
H
june 19, 2015
R
june 22, 2015
2
MATERIALS
1
Materials Reception
2
Transfer Markings
3
Material Certificate
R
june 18, 2015
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
H
june 15, 2015
R
june 18, 2015
june 22, 2015
FABRICATION
1
Shell
2
Forming
ACC. DRAWING
D.3319.01.00 REV.0
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
JUNE 25, 2015
3
Edge Preparation/Fit Up
ACC. DRAWING
D.3319.01.00 REV.0
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
JUNE 25, 2015
4
Welding Visual Inspection
ACC. ASME SECT VIII
DIV.1 (ED 2013)
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
JUNE 25, 2015
5
NDE Inspection
RT1
H
6
Head
R
Customer:
0
ACME INC.
Remarks:
Demo Vessel -
Traveller
7
Forming
ACC. DRAWINGD.3319.01.00
REV.0
H
8
Edge Preparation/Fit Up
ACC. DRAWINGD.3319.01.00
REV.0
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
JUNE 25, 2015
9
Welding Visual Inspection
ACC. ASME SECT VIII DIV.1
(ED 2013)
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
JUNE 25, 2015
NDE Inspection
RT1
H
R
JUNE 25, 2015
11
Internal Inspection before closing
ACC. ASME SECT VIII DIV.1
(ED 2013), AND PROCEDURE
TR-ATTSU-02 REV.0
H
JUNE 23, 2015
H
12
Nozzles
13
Forming
ACC. DRAWING D.3319.01.00
REV.0
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
14
Edge Preparation/Fit up
ACC. DRAWINGD.3319.01.00
REV.0
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
ACC. ASME SECT VIII DIV.1
(ED 2013)
H
JUNE 22, 2015
W
10
W
15
Welding Visual Inspection
16
NDE Inspection
17
Reinforcement
18
Forming
H
W
W
R
H
R
19
Welding Visual Inspection
H
20
NDE Inspection
H
21
Legs
H
22
Forming
ACC. DRAWINGD.3319.01.00
REV.0
H
W
23
Welding Visual Inspection
ACC. ASME SECT VIII DIV.1
(ED 2013)
H
W
24
NDE Inspection
H
R
GENERAL ASSAMBLY
1
Welding Visual Inspection
2
NDE Inspection
3
P.W.H.T.
FINAL TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
1
Dimensional Check
ACC. ASME SECT VIII DIV.1
(ED 2013)
H
JUNE 22, 2015
R
RT1
H
JUNE 23, 2015
R
ACC. DRAWING
D.3319.01.00REV.0 AND
PROCEDUREXX REV.0
H
W
ACC. DRAWING
D.3319.01.00REV.0
AND PROCEDUREPR-ATTSU02 REV.0
H
W
H
H
R
2
Intenal and External Inspection
3
Hydraulic Test
4
Review of Manufacturing dossier
H
Paint inspection
H
-
H
H
H
R
5
ACC. ASME SECT. VIII DIV.1
(ED 2013) AND PROCEDURE
PR-ATTSU-01 REV.0
6
Checking of NCR Status
LIST OF NCR (EXHIBIT 18.9
REV.0)
7
Final Inspection/MDR and
Stamping
FORM U-1A
R= Review point / punto de revisión (Revisión ducumental= AI)
H=Hold point / punto de espera (Punto obligado inspección= Constructor y AI)
W=Witness point / punto testigo (Punto obligado inspección= Constructor y Opcional AI)
RT SEAM C1
The new One
The new One – the best one for you
Pressure Test
and
Documentation
B31.PPT 09/03
VIII-Div. 1 – UG-99 Hydrostatic Test
UG-99 STANDARD HYDROSTATIC TEST
(b) Except as otherwise permitted in (a) above and
27-4, vessels designed for internal pressure shall be
subjected to a hydrostatic test pressure which at every
point in the vessel is at least equal to 1.3 times the
maximum allowable working pressure33 to be marked
on the vessel multiplied by the lowest ratio (for the
materials of which the vessel is constructed) of the
stress value S for the test temperature on the vessel
to the stress value S for the design temperature (see
UG-21). All loadings that may exist during this test
shall be given consideration.
SEC81.PPT 09/2005
VIII-Div. 1 – UG-99 Hydrostatic Test
UG-99 STANDARD HYDROSTATIC TEST
(f) Single-wall vessels designed for a vacuum or
partial vacuum only, and chambers of multichamber
vessels designed for a vacuum or partial vacuum only,
shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic test or
when a hydrostatic test is not practicable, to a pneumatic
test in accordance with the provisions of UG-100.
Either type of test shall be made at a pressure not
less than 1.3 times the difference between normal
atmospheric pressure and the minimum design internal
absolute pressure.
Dial indicating pressure gages(manometers) used in testing
shall be graduated over a range of about double the intended
maximum test pressure, but in no case shall the range
be less than 11/2 nor more than 4 times that pressure
SEC81.PPT 09/2005
Section VIII-1, UG-118 Nameplate
1
National Board No.
Certified by
Rusty Tank Company
Manufacturer
Name of Manufacturer
MAWP 290 psi (kPa) at 572 °F (°C)
W
RT 4
Max. allowable external working pressure:
15 psi (kPa) at 572 °F (°C)
MDMT -20 °F (°C) at 290 psi (kPa)
Manufacturer's Serial No. 1234
Year Built 2004
MAWP
MAEWP (only if specified)
MDMT at MAWP
Serial number (Manufacturers)
Year built
GENERAL NOTE: Information within parentheses is not part of the required marking. Phrases identifying data may
be abbreviated; minimum abbreviations shall be MAWP, MDMT, S/N, and year, respectively.
NOTE: (1) The maximum allowable external working pressure is required only when specified as a design condition.
SEC81.PPT 012004
The new One
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Pressure Relief Devices
B31.PPT 09/03
Section VIII - 1 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
UG-125 GENERAL
(a) All pressure vessels within the Scope of this Division,
irrespective of size or pressure, shall be provided with pressure
relief devices in accordance with the requirements of UG-125
through UG-137.
(1) It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the required
pressure relief devices are properly installed prior to initial
operation.
(2) It is the responsibility of the user or his/her designated agent
to size and select the pressure relief device(s) based on its intended
service. Intended service considerations shall include, but not
necessarily be limited to, the following:
(a) normal operating and upset conditions
(b) fluids
(c) fluid phases
(3) These pressure relief devices need not be supplied by the
vessel Manufacturer.
(4) Unless otherwise defined in this Division, the definitions
relating to pressure relief devices in Section 2 of ASME PTC 25
shall apply.
(b) An unfired steam boiler, as defined in U-1(g), shall be equipped
with pressure relief devices required by Section I insofar as they
are applicable to the service of the particular installation.
(c) All pressure vessels other than unfired steam boilers shall be
protected by a pressure relief device that shall prevent the pressure
from rising more than 10% or 3 psi (20 kPa)(0,2bar), whichever is
greater, above the maximum allowable working pressure except as
permitted in (1) and (2) below. (See UG-134 for pressure settings.)
(1) When multiple pressure relief devices are provided and set in
accordance with UG-134(a), they shall prevent the pressure from
rising more than 16% or 4 psi (30 kPa), whichever is greater, above
the maximum allowable working pressure.
(2) When a pressure vessel can be exposed to fire or other
unexpected sources of external heat, the pressure relief device(s)
shall be capable of preventing the pressure from rising more than
21% above the maximum allowable working pressure.
Supplemental pressure relief devices shall be installed to protect
against this source of excessive pressure if the pressure relief
devices used to satisfy the capacity requirements of UG-125(c) and
UG-125(c)(1) have insufficient capacity to provide the required
protection. See Nonmandatory Appendix M, para. M-13 for cases
where the metal temperature due to fire or other sources of external
heat can cause vessel failure prior to reaching the MAWP.
(3) Pressure relief devices, intended primarily for protection
against exposure of a pressure vessel to fire or other unexpected
sources of external heat installed on vessels having no permanent
supply connection and used for storage at ambient temperatures of
nonrefrigerated liquefied compressed gases,41 are excluded from
the requirements of (c)(1) and (c)(2) above, provided:
(a) the pressure relief devices are capable of
preventing the pressure from rising more than 20% above the
maximum allowable working pressure of the vessels;
(b) the set pressure marked on these devices shall not
exceed the maximum allowable working pressure of the vessels;
(c) the vessels have sufficient ullage to avoid a liquid
full condition;41
(d) the maximum allowable working pressure of the
vessels on which these pressure relief devices are installed is
greater than the vapor pressure of the stored liquefied compressed
gas at the maximum anticipated temperature42 that the gas will
reach under atmospheric conditions, and
(e) .....
For the purpose of these rules, gases are considered to be substances having a vapor
pressure greater than 40 psia (300 kPa absolute) at 100°F (40°C).
SEC81.PPT 06/2007
42 Normally this temperature should not be less than 115°F (45°C).
Section VIII - 1 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
Definitions
A Safety Valve is a pressure relief valve actuated by inlet static pressure and
characterized by rapid opening or pop action.
A Relief Valve is a pressure relief valve actuated by inlet static pressure which
opens in proportion to the increase in pressure over the opening pressure.
A Safety Relief Valve is a pressure relief valve characterized by rapid opening
or pop action, or by opening in proportion to the increase in pressure over the
opening pressure, depending on application. A pressure relief valve is a
pressure relief device which is designed to reclose and prevent the further flow
of fluid after normal conditions have been restored.
A Nonreclosing Pressure Reliefdevice is a pressure relief device designed
to remain open after operation. (e.g. Rupture Disc)
A Pilot Operated Pressure Relief Valve is a pressure relief valve in which the
major relieving device is combined with and is controlled by a self-actuated
auxiliary pressure relief valve.
SEC81.PPT 01/2008
Section VIII - 1 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
UG-129 MARKING
(a) Each safety, safety relief, relief, liquid pressure relief, and pilot operated pressure
relief valve NPS 1/2 (DN 15) and larger shall be plainly marked by the Manufacturer or
Assembler with the required data (..).
(1) the name, or an acceptable abbreviation, of the Manufacturer and the Assembler;
(2) Manufacturer's design or type number;
(3) NPS size (the nominal pipe size of the valve inlet);
(4) set pressure psi, and, if applicable per UG-136(d)(4), cold differential test pressure
psi;
(5) certified capacity (as applicable):
(a) lb/hr of saturated steam (..) or
(b) gal/min of water (..) for valves certified on water; or
(c) SCFM [standard cubic feet per minute] of air (..)
(d) In addition , the Manufacturer may indicate the capacity in other fluids
(6) year built, (..)
(7) ASME Symbol
SEC81.PPT 01/2008
Conversion unidades (Customary - SI)
Conversion unidades (customary-SI)
JOB AID : FORMULAS
CONVERSION UNIDADES
CONVERSION UNIDADES
1psi = 0,0069Mpa
1Mpa = 1 N/mm2
1Mpa = 144,9 psi
1Mpa = 10 bar
1psi = 0, 069bar
1ps1=27,7 inch H2O = 2,308ft H2O
1ft = 0,433 psi
1Mpa = 10,19 Kgf/cm2
100Kpa = 1 bar
ASME VIII DIV.1
SHELLS
SHELLS (Continued)
4.
A vertical pressure vessel, is 6 ft tall and has a 48 inch inside diameter, made of SA-516 Gr. 70 normalized
material, has a maximum allowable stress of 17500 psi. The vessel is designed for 750 psi at 350 °F using
RT-3. All vessel seams are type 1 welded from both sides. What is the minimum required thickness for this
vessel.
Given:
ID = 48”
t = 1.25”
S = 17,500 psi
P = 750 psi
RT-3 therefore E = 0.85
6 feet static head
Step 1 is to determine pressure including static head: 750 + (6)(0.433) = 750 = 752.598 psi.
Step 2 Calculate
t = PR =
752.598(24)
=
SE-.6P 17,500(0.85) – 0.6(752.598)
18062,352
14423.4412
= 1.25”
ASME VIII DIV.1
SHELLS
A vertical pressure vessel containing water is 1.25” thick with a corrosion allowance of
1/8”. The allowable stress of the material is 17,500 psi. No RT on the Type 1
Category A seam was performed. There are ligaments and their efficiency is 76%.
The inside diameter is 72” and the static head is based on 9.25 feet. What is the
MAWP?
Must first subtract the corrosion allowance 1.25 – 0.125 = 1.125”
Must also increase the radius to account for the CA 36 + 0.125 = 36.125”
P =
SEt = 17500(0.7)(1.125) = 13781.25 = 374.5 + static head
R + 0.6t
36.125 + 0.6(1.125)
36.8
374.5 + 9.25(0.433) = 378.5 psi
SHELLS
ASME VIII DIV.1
Heads
ASME VIII DIV.1
Heads
ASME VIII DIV.1
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heads
A welded hemispherical head is welded to the shell of a 5 feet tall vertical, unfired steam boiler built to
Section VIII, Div. 1. The head is on the bottom of the vessel. There is no RT performed on the vessel.
The allowable stress for the material in question is 13,400 psi. The ID is 60 inches and the MAWP is 255
psi. The static head of water is 0.433 psi/linear foot. Find the required thickness of this head.
P = 225 + static head therefore P = 225 + (0.433)(5) = 227.165
t =
1ft= 12 inch
PL =
2 SE – 0.2P
257.165(30) =
7714.95
=
2 (13,400)(0.70) – 0.2(257.165) 18708.567
0..412”
ASME VIII DIV.1
Heads
ASME VIII DIV.1
Heads
A standard seamless torispherical head is fabricated of SA-612 material. This material has an ultimate tensile strength
of 83,000 psi. The MAWP is 300 psi at 3000F. The allowable stress at 3000F is 22,800 psi and the allowable
stress at room temperature is 23,100 psi. The OD of the head skirt is 36” and RT-2 was performed on the
vessel. What is the minimum required thickness of this head?
Given: P = 300 psi @ 300 deg., OD = 36”, S = 22,800 SA-612@ 300 deg.: Sroom = 23,100
E=1
Stress must be calculated per UG-32(e) for materials with a tensile strength greater than 70,000 psi. This
material has an Ultimate Tensile Strength of 83,000 psi. Therefore:
23,100
22,800
t=
= 20,000 = 23,100X = 22,800(20,000) = 22,800(20,000)
X
23,100
.885(300)(36)
9558
=
(19,740)(1) − .1(300)
19,710
t = 0.484” ”
= 19,740 psi
ASME VIII DIV.1
NOZZLE NECK
A standard wall, 16”, SA-106B nozzle is installed into an SA-516-70 shell. The allowable stress of the nozzle is
17,100 psi and for the shell, 20,000 psi. The nominal thickness of the nozzle is 0.375” and the nominal
thickness of the shell is 1.0”. A corrosion allowance of 0.125” is given for the vessel. The shell has an inside
diameter of 14 feet. The MAWP is 200 psi and full RT was performed. External pressure is not a
consideration. What is the required nozzle neck thickness for this nozzle?
ta =
PR
=
200(8)
SE + 0.4P
17,100 + 0.4(200)
=
1600
17,100 + 80
= 1600 = 0.093” + 0.125 = 0.218”
17180
tb1 =
PR
=
200(84)
SE - 0.6P
20,000 - 0.6(200)
=
16,800
20.000 - 120
= 16,800 = 0.845” + 0.125 = 0.97”
19,880
t2 is NA
tb3 = 0.328” from Table UG-45 + CA = 0.328 + 0.125 = 0.453”
tb = min[tb3, max(tb1 or tb2) = min[0.453” or max(0.97 or NA)] = min(0.453 or 0.97) = 0.453”
tUG45 = max(ta or tb) = max(0.218 or 0.453) = 0.453”
0.375 – 0.125(0.375) = 0.328 No
ASME VIII DIV.1
NOZZLE NECK
A 6”, Sch. 40 nozzle made of SA-106B is installed in a seamless 2 : 1 ellipsoidal head in accordance with
UW16.1(a). The head is constructed of SA-516-70 and has an allowable stress of 20,000 psi. The nozzle has an
allowable stress of 17,100 psi. The nozzle OD is 6.625” and the nominal thickness is 0.280”. The head is
0.5” thick and is 5 feet in diameter. There is a corrosion allowance of 0125” on the vessel. The MAWP is
200 psi and RT-1 was performed on the vessel. External pressure is not a consideration. Does the nominal
thickness of the nozzle meet Section VIII, Div. 1 requirements?
ta =
PR
=
SE + 0.4P
200(6.625)
17,100 + 0.4(200)
tb1 =
PR
=
200(60)
SE - 0.6P
20,000 - 0.6(200)
=
=
1325
17,100 + 80
12,000
20.000 - 120
= 1325
17180
=
0.0771” + 0.125 = 0.202”
= 12,000 =
19,880
0.603” + 0.125 = 0.728”
t2 is NA
tb3 = 0.245” from Table UG-45 + CA = 0.245 + 0.125 = 0.37
tb = min[tb3, max(tb1 or tb2) = min[0.37” or max(0.728 or NA)] = min(0.37or 0.728) = 0.37”
tUG45 = max(ta or tb) = max(0.202 or 0.37) = 0.37”
0.280 – 0.125(0.280) = 0.245. No
WELD OPENINGS
WELD OPENINGS
WELD OPENINGS
WELD OPENINGS
WELD OPENINGS
WELD OPENINGS
ASME QUALITY CONTROL MANUAL
TABLA DE CONTENIDOS
0.
Portada
1.
Tabla de Contenidos
2.
Responsabilidades y Autoridad
3.
Definiciones/Abreviaturas
4.
Organización
5.
Control de Cambios del Manual
6.
Control documental
7.
Revisión de pedido y Conformidad
8.
Diseño
9.
Control de Materiales
10.
Programa de Puntos de Inspección
11.
Control de la soldadura
12.
Exámenes No-destructivos (END´s)
13.
Tratamiento térmico
14.
Calibraciones
15.
Correcciones de las No-conformidades
16.
Mantenimiento de la documentación
17.
Inspección Autorizada