Words to use in citations to indicate
another author’s ideas or writing
adds
assessed
affirmed
agreed
applied the theory
asserted
According to
according to this author’s concerns
alleged
commented
contended
credits
cite
criticized
discussed
described
deem
expounded
explained
estimated
emphasizes
formulated a theory/procedure/idea that
included
indicated
noted
outlined
proposed
referred to
researched
several studies reflected that
said
showed
stated
summarized
stipulated
suggested
stressed
supported the idea that
used the such-and-such model to show
described how
urged
viewed
the following are appropriate when
referring to a study (not just a
theoretical work or opinion piece):
chronicled
author’s empirical work recognized that
examined
finds, found
observed
provided an analysis
recorded
revealed