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Exile
Trial
Death
Dapitan
R G[ E A E R R F ^ Z
•
Jose Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on four grounds:
1.
For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles;
2.
For having in possession a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were in
violation of the Spanish orders;
3.
For dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three “traitors” (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora)
and for emphasizing on the novel's title page that “the only salvation for the Philippines was
separation from the mother country(referring to Spain); and
4.
For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture.
Dapitan
(1892-1896)
F P GAF GL J ETGZ EL
•
Upon his return to the Philippines in 1892, he was arrested by the Spanish government for being
a subversive and for his reported involvement in the rebellion. He was then exiled to the island
of the Dapitan in the southernmost island group of the Philippines, Mindanao. There he
established a school that taught English to young boys, he worked on agricultural projects on
abaca, a plant used for rope, and he continued to practice medicine, eventually meeting one of
the most famous women in his life Josephine Bracken.
R G[ EA‗^ AGI F GL J ETGZ EL
This cross, located across
Rizal's landing site at
Dapitan, marks the start of
Catholicism in the island.
This map of Mindanao made
by Rizal in August of 1982 is
an artistic manifestation of a
well-lived exile, based on the
map done by Fr. Pedro Murillo
Velarde, a French Jesuit in
1752.
St. James Church is located
across the Relief Map of
Mindanao, and used to be
Rizal's place of worship.
In
1893,
Rizal
established
a school
existed projects
until the inend
his exile in Rizal
July 1896.
Instead
of charging of
tuition
he made
them
work
in his
garden, fields,
andwhich
construction
theofcommunity.
effected
the construction
thesefees,
houses
to
accommodate the growing number of pupils in his Talisay School. The area underneath the hut served as the workshop of his
pupils.
Rizal met Josephine Bracken in 1895. They fell in love
instantly, and in just one month agreed to marry.
Father Obach, the priest of Dapitan, refused to marry them
without the pemission of the Bishop of Cebu. Since no
priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine Bracken
exchanged vows and got married on this rock.
TRF AGH GL ERW GL Y F ^Z GC E Z GML
(LMYFHBFR 2 4 , 5079)
•
•
This was Rizal's grueling five-day investigation.
He was informed of charges against him, he answered the questions asked by Judge Advocate,
Colonel Francisco Olive, but he was not permitted to confront those who testified against .
•
Two kinds of evidence were presented to him - documentary and testimonial.
Evidences
Arraignment
Actual Trial
•
1.A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, dated Madrid, October 16, 1888, showing Rizal's
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain.
•
2. A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890, stating that the deportations are
good for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny.
•
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889,
implicating Rizal in the Propaganda campaign in Spain.
•
•
4. A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891.
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, dated Barcelona, September 18, 1891,
describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression.
•
•
J MNV H F L Z E R W
F Y GJ F L NF ^
6. A Masonic document , dated Manila, February 9, 1892 honoring Rizal for his patriotic services.
7. A letter signed Dimasalang to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta's pseudonym), dated Hongkong, dated
May 24, 1892, stating that he was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be persecuted by
the Spanish authorities.
•
8. A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892,
solicitating the aid of committee in the “patriotic work”.
•
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
RG[ EA'^ ER R EGC L H F L Z
He was charged with the crime of rebellion, and
the formation of illegal associations. Rizal's
Arraignment (December 11, 1896)
He then released a manifesto that he denounces
the revolution and condemned Katipunan for
using his name without his permission
Defender
AZ. AV G^ Z E Y GF A J F E L J R E J F
1st Lieutenant of the Artillery, brother of Jose
Tavielde Andrade, was the bodyguard of Rizal during
his last days
RG[ EA'^ ENZVEA Z R GEA
He was accused of 3 crimes: rebellion,
sedition, illegal associations.
Penalty: Life imprisonment-death
(December 26, 1896)
Twelve-point Defense of Rizal
Approval
•
•
•
As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion.
He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising revolutionary elements.
Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was guilty, he could have escaped while he
was in Singapore.
•
If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of
land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
•
R G[ EA'^
Z S F A Y F - TMGL Z
JFIFL^F
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If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him.
He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things clear, the organization was a
civic association, not a revolutionary society.
•
•
•
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After the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it.
If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been organized.
If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890 his family was being
persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and deportation of all his brothers- in-law.
•
He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan —the politico-military commanders and missionary priests in the province
could attest to that.
•
If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had inspired the revolution, then he
want to confront these persons. If he really was for the revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar
emissary to him in Dapitan? It is so because all his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.
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TMAEYGFKE ( J F N F H B F R 2 0 , 5 0 7 9 )
He approved the decision of the court-martial
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Field.
Katipunan
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Tejeros
La Liga Filipina
The Katipunan won most of their battles. However,
despite their success in battles, the Katipunan was then
divided into two factions - Magdalo and Magdiwang.
This division was caused by different political views
from one another
OEZ GTV L EL
Bonifacio was invited to intercede the rising bad blood
between the two Katipunan factions along with his
brothers, wife, and men. Soon, a disagreement arose
which followed the assembly ending without anything
getting fixed.
A following series of event followed which preceded
Bonifacio's ill-fated destiny that Emilio Aguinaldo
orchestrated.
The purpose of this convention was to decide about what type of government
shall be established which soon turned to be disorganized and unruly. This
meeting also served as to discuss the defense of Cavite. However, none of
this was accomplished because the assembled leaders decided to elect the
officers of its revolutionary government which also led to Bonifacio's
infuriation.
As follows, these were the people who won the elections, Bonifacio
ZFKFRM^ NML Y F L Z GML
obtaining the lowest position granted.
President - Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice-President - Mariano Trias
Captain-General - Artemio Ricarte
Director of War - Emiliano Riego de Dios
Director of the Interior - Andres Bonifacio
Bonifacio then declared, "I, as chairman of this assembly and as President of
the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, as all of you do not deny, declare this
assembly dissolved, and I annul all that has been approved and resolved."
The next day, Acta de Tejeros was drew up - a document which invalidates
what happened the previous day because Bonifacio and his men felt there
were anomalies happening behind his back in regards to who won the
highest position.
After Rizal's arrest which quickly followed by his
execution; La Liga Filipina soon dissolved and
soon turned into a new reform - the Katipunan
which was led by Andres Bonifacio.
AE AGC E I GAGTGL E