Eastern Samar State University Excellence | Integrity | Accountability LESSON 6: The Philippine Physical Fitness and Sports Talent Fest LESSON 7: Administration of PFSTT (Physical Fitness and Sports Talent Test) Submitted by: Cavite, Mark James B. Guimba Ralph James P. Gecomo, Jun Philip N. Evardone, Ben Ric R. Espinosa, Lance Carlo J. Hobayan, Jeff Dizon, Gwynneth S. Go, Samantha Nicole O. Estrao, Jhon Michael C. Dacua, Steve EVALUATING FITNESS LESSON 6 THE PHILIPPINE PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS TALENT TEST A. HISTORY Physical fitness testing in public schools, mandated under memorandum order, was attempted in the mid 1950’s with standing broad jump, by UP students majoring physical education. In 1965, entering freshmen students of UP, tested the battery test (except shuttle run for agility), was compared with American and Japanese youth, Filipinos showed a poor performance. The National Sports Association (NSA), the, considered that a physical fitness testing program will improve the performance of athletes in international composition. In the early 1970’s under a Tri-partite agreement among the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation (PAAF), then the governing body of the NSA’s, the Department of Education & Culture (DEC), the American Peace Corp. & American Asso. For Health, Physical Education & Recreation (AAHPER), administered the YOUTH FITNESS TEST was administered to some eleven provinces in Luzon, Visayas & Mindanao. The result of the battery test was utilized by Aparcio Mequi in his Master’s Thesis, and a Resource Book was crafted for the use of public school teachers. Some 15 years later, upon his appointment as the Director of Bureau of Physical Education & School Sports, Dr. Aparicio Mequi developed the PHILIPPINE PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST. Unfortunately, analysis of data and utilization of test results were not undertaken, neither were curricular materials developed to compliment the testing program. B. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTING Because of the growing incidence of obesity and other nutrition-relates problems, today, the concept of physical fitness is clearer because its components are more precise and comprehensive. PFSTT or Physical Fitness and Sports Talent Test were introduced by Dr. Aparicio Mequi. A distinction is made between healthrelated & skill-related (Testing for the purpose of identifying potential skills in sports). The new test battery incorporates changes that are in consonance with presentday scientific findings & expert options. Ex. SIT – UPS… it was straight legs with hands behind neck, next, bent leg with hands behind neck; then it was suggested that putting the hands behind the neck could strain the neck, so its bent leg with hands on the chest; now, its partial sit-ups making sure that the abdominal muscles are in sustained contractions throughout the performance. The test items were adapted from these two sources. The ACSM Fitness Book, 2nd Edition, 1998 and FIT KIDS, 1999, by Kenneth Cooper. Thus, with some modifications in consonance with current practice for physical fitness testing for children. There is standard use of Body Mass Index (BMI) which is from the Food & Nutrition Research & Institute and Department of Science & Technology. With Dr. Aparicio Mequi’s incorporations of the modifications and recommendations of the PFSTT to accommodate local school conditions, the test battery, PFSTT, was first utilized in the public schools, school year 2004-2005. C. EXPECTATIONS Physical Fitness Testing is not an end in itself. It is a part of the process to create and educated Filipino citizenry that is acutely aware of the importance of holistic wellness-fitness of body, mind & spirit. The understanding and appreciation will be manifested through the following: Proper, objective and reliable administration of each test in the battery; sloppy testing should be avoided Correct analysis test of data Use of test data to improve the physical fitness status of those tested Sustained interest and study of physical fitness D. WHAT TO TEST PART 1. NUTRITIONAL FITNESS Height Weight BMI PART 11. HEALTH-RELATED TEST ITEMS Muscular Fitness Partial Curl-up Trunk lift 90 degrees Push-up Flexibility Fitness Sit & Reach (right leg & left leg) Shoulder Flexibility (right arm & left arm) Physiological Fitness One kilometer run PART 111. SKILL-RELATED TEST ITEMS Anthropometrics Sitting Height Arm Span Muscular power Standing Long Jump Basketball pass Speed 40-meter sprint E. TEST PROTOCOL Setting Up stations for Testing First Aid Kit Drinking water Individual Score cards BMI – weighing scale, skirting board, masking tape, spirit level Anthropometrics – skirting board, masking tape, spirit level, bench with flat surface, tri-square, meter stick. Trunk lift-meter stick marked with a tape at the 15-30 cm. Sit & reach-tape measure, masking tape, tri-square Standing Long Jump – tape measure, masking tape, tri-square Basketball throw – basketball, pre-marked throwing area, tri-square 10.40 Meter Sprint – stopwatches, pre-marked starting and finishing line. Safety Guidelines Wear appropriate P.E. Uniform/ attire Drink water minutes before and after the Test Battery Set-up stations to insure smooth “flow of traffic” Prior to actual day testing, “familiarity” testing sessions should be held Conduct warm-up in a form of light jogging and stretching of upper and lower body for 2-3 minutes. Perform with a peer for assistance. Except for 1 km. the last item to be held with the group. LESSON 7 ADMINISTRATION OF PFSTT (Physical Fitness and Sports Talent Test) PART 1 NUTRITIONALFITNESS CHECKING ONESELF BODY MASS (WEIGHT) PURPOSE – Body mass (weight) in combinations with structure (height) is used to determine body mass indicates whether one is of normal weight, overweight or over. It is also relevant in throwing events – where heavier individuals perform better. RELEVANCE – relevant in throwing events where individuals perform better. EQUIPMENT – Bedroom scale accurate to 0.5 kilograms placed on an even and firm surface. PROCEDURE – Make sure the scale is adjusted to zero. The pupils should be barefoot and wearing light t-shirt and short and The pupils stand erect and still with weight evenly distributed to the center of the scale. RECORDING – record your body mass to the nearest 0.5 kilogram. CHECKING ONESELF STATURE (HEIGHT) PURPOSE - stature or standing height is the distance the floor to the vertex (top) of the head. RELEVANCE – to determine if one is of normal weight, overweight or obese. It is also important factor in several sports such as basketball. EQUIPMENT – (a) a tape accurate to 0.1 centimeter, firmly mounted to a wall. Make sure that the tape is fully stretched and attached to the wall. (b) a spirit level; and (c) an even and firm floor. PROCEDURE – (a) the students stand erect on bare feet with heel, buttocks and shoulders pressed against the tape measure. (b) The heels are together with the arms hanging freely by the side with palms facing the thighs. (c)the tester applies gentle upward traction to the skill behind the ear to ensure that the body if fully stretched and the base is not titled backward. (d) the students is instructed to look straight forward, take a deep breath and stand as tall as possible. (e) make sure that the heels of the students are not raised; and (f) put the spirit level against the wall with the base on the top of the head and using the spirit level indicator to ensure that it is leveled. RECORDING – Record standing height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter. CHECKING ONESELF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) Body Mass Index (BMI) is simply the ratio of the body weight (kilograms) divided by the height squared (meters2). The concept behind the BMI is that individuals with low percent body fat will have low BMI. For example, men and women of less than 25 are classified as non-obese or normal weight. In contrast men and women with BMI greater than 30 are considered to be obese. FORMULA FOR COMPUTING BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) PART 11 TESTING ONESELF ON HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS A. MUSCULAR FITNESS TESTING ONESELF PARTIAL CURL-UP PURPOSE – to test the strength and enhance the abdominal muscles. RELEVANCE – Strong abdominal muscles are important for maintaining good posture, hip alignment and in preventing low back pains. EQUIPMENT – NONE PROCEDURE – (a) students lies flat on the floor, knees bent with heels about 6 inches from the buttocks, feet slightly apart and held down firmly on the floor by his partner. (b) students with straight elbows place hands on knees and hold himself up by holding firmly his/her knees. This is the starting position. (c) Lower slowly until the tip of his/her middle finger is about in inch from the top of his/her knees. (d) Raise up until he/she assumes the starting position and without resting, repeat the movements as many as he/she can. (e) the curl-up should performed slowly at the rate of one second in going down and one second in going up (call out cadence by using a stopwatch or counting “one thousand and one thousand and two” for one completed curl-up. (f) stop when the student completes 50 curl-ups or counting a two (2) form breaks. A form breaks occur when the students cannot keep up with the cadence or stops and rest by holding on his/her knees. SCORING – Record the number of curl-ups performed. The maximum score in 50 for boys and 20 for girls. TESTING ONESELF TRUNK LIFT PURPOSE – to test the strength and flexibility of the low back extension muscles. RELEVANCE – Strong low back and abdominal muscle are important for maintenance of a healthy back. EQUIPMENT – a ruler marked clearly at the 15 and 30 centimeters point. PROCEDURE – (a) the student faces down on the floor with his/her hands facing upward under his/her thighs. (Place a marker, a COIN, in line with the eyes of the Students). (b) The students, instructed to keep his/her eyes on the COIN, slowly lifts his upper body slowly upward to a maximum height of 30 centimeters. (c) He/she hold this position while the test measures the distance from the body to the tip of the students; the ruler should be about one inch away from the chain of the student and not directly under it; (d) The student returns to the starting position; (e) The student repeats the movement once more. TESTING ONESELF SIT AND REACH PURPOSE – to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscle (back of the high) and to some degree, the lower back. Flexibility in this area is associated with a healthy back and lower risk of injury. This modified test of the traditional sit-and-reach test reduces the pressure out the lower and prevents hyper exclusion of the knees. EQUIPMENT – a tape accurate to 0.1 centimeter firmly attached to the floor marked distractively at the 50-centimeter point, a card board or plywood 10 x 20 centimeters. PROCEDURE – (a) the students being tested sits down on the floor with the tape between his/her legs; his/her partner places the tip of his/her shoes exactly at the 50 centimeter point; (b) the student being tested braces his/her extended right leg against the shoes of his partner and bends his/her partner and bends his/her left legs pulling his/her heels as close possible to his/her buttocks, soles flat on the floor; (c) keeping the extended knee straight, his hands one on the top of the other with fingers fully extended, he/she bends forward and back two times; (d) he/she stretches fully forward on the third time and holds the position one second so that his score is noted; and (e) repeat with the left leg extended and the right legs bent. SCORING – record the distance reached with bent left leg and right leg to the nearest 0.1 inches, TESTING ONESELF SHOULDER STRETCH PURPOSE – to measure the flexibility of the shoulder joints and to create an application of the importance of flexibility in other parts of the body. EQUIPMENT – NONE PROCEDURE – (a) the students with his/her right hand reaches over his/her right shoulder and at the same time, be places his/her left hand behind his back to try to touch the fingers of the right hand: and (b) perform the test with the left hand over the left shoulder and the right hand behind the back. SCORING – Record the score as PASSED or FAILED for each test. TESTING ONESELF SIT AND REACH PURPOSE – to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscle (back of the high) and to some degree, the lower back. Flexibility in this area is associated with a healthy back and lower risk of injury. This modified test of the traditional sit-and-reach test reduces the pressure out the lower and prevents hyper exclusion of the knees. EQUIPMENT – a tape accurate to 0.1 centimeter firmly attached to the floor marked distractively at the 50-centimeter point, a card board or plywood 10 x 20 centimeters. PROCEDURE – (a) the students being tested sits down on the floor with the tape between his/her legs; his/her partner places the tip of his/her shoes exactly at the 50 centimeter point; (b) the student being tested braces his/her extended right leg against the shoes of his partner and bends his/her partner and bends his/her left legs pulling his/her heels as close possible to his/her buttocks, soles flat on the floor; (c) keeping the extended knee straight, his hands one on the top of the other with fingers fully extended, he/she bends forward and back two times; (d) he/she stretches fully forward on the third time and holds the position one second so that his score is noted; and (e) repeat with the left leg extended and the right legs bent. SCORING – record the distance reached with bent left leg and right leg to the nearest 0.1 inches, TESTING ONESELF SHOULDER STRETCH PURPOSE – to measure the flexibility of the shoulder joints and to create an application of the importance of flexibility in other parts of the body. EQUIPMENT – NONE PROCEDURE – (a) the students with his/her right hand reaches over his/her right shoulder and at the same time, be places his/her left hand behind his back to try to touch the fingers of the right hand: and (b) perform the test with the left hand over the left shoulder and the right hand behind the back. SCORING – Record the score as PASSED or FAILED for each test. B. PHYSIOLOGICAL FITNESS TESTING ONESELF ONE KILOMETER RUN AND WALK PURPOSE – to measure the ability of the heart, lungs, circulatory and the muscles to transport and utilize oxygen during physical activity. If is an excellent measure of overall health and physical fitness. Because the test measure of endurance, the emphasis should be to run in steady pace rather than running as fast as possible. Common mistake is to run very fast too early run and end up walking the last part of the test. Walking is permitted but the goal is to cover the distance as fast as possible without expressing undue fatigue or “burn out”. Aerobic endurance is important in such team sports such as football and basketball. THE ONE (1) KILOMETER RUNWALK TEST IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR CHILDREN BELOW 10-YRS. OLD. YOUNGER CHILDREN WILL JUST BE ENCOURAGED TO FINISH THE DISTANCE AT A MOST COMFORTABLE PLACE. EQUIPMENT – a track oval or running area with known measurement; a stopwatch. PROCEDURE – (a) a group about 15 to 20 runners at a time run the distance (2 and ½ laps around the time oval. Their partners will monitor the number of laps covered. (b) the timer will call out the time in minute and seconds as runners cross the finish line; and (c) the partners will listen to the time of those who come and note this for recording. SCORING – record the time in minute and seconds. PART 111 TESTING ONESELF ON SKILL-RELATED FITNESS A. ANTHROPOMETRICS TESTING ONESELF SITTING HEIGHT PURPOSE – Sitting height is the vertical distance from the sitting surface to the vertex (top) of the head. It is the total of trunk, neck and head length. RELEVANCE – Sitting height with standing height is relevant to performance in a number of sports. Example in the jumping events; legs are long relative to the trunk. EQUIPMENT – a) a tape and spirit level as the indicated in the standing height; (b) a small bench with a flat, hard, even surface. PROCEDURE – (a) attach the tape to the wall so that its zero (0) point is in level with the bench; (b) the student sits on the bench with the knees forward and bent, and hands resting on the height which are parallel to the floor. (c) the buttocks and shoulder rest lightly against the tape which is positioned vertically on the middle behind of the students; (d) the student is instructed to look straight ahead, take a deep breath and sit erect as possible; and (e) place the spirit level against the wall with the base on the top of the head using the spirit level indicator to ensure that it is level. SCORING – Record score to the nearest 0.1 inches. TESTING ONESELF ARM SPAN PURPOSE – arm span is the horizontal distance between the tips of the middle finger with the arms extended laterally at the shoulder level. It includes the width of the shoulder and length of both upper arms. RELEVANCE – Arm span is relevant in sports such as volleyball and water polo where the greater spam can be beneficial to performance. EQUIPMENT – (a) two tape measure at least three (3) meters in length and accurate to 0.1 centimeters mounted horizontally on a wall, each tape is parallel to each with the lower tape approximately 1.5 meters above the of a wall. A corner of the wall is used as the zero point; and (b) a Tri-square PROCEDURE – (a) the student stands erect back against the wall, feet together and heels. Buttocks and shoulders touching the wall. (b) the arms are extended laterally at shoulder and horizontally with the palms facing forward and the tip of the middle finger of one hand pressed against the wall at the zero point. (c) if the student is tall/short and extended arms above/below the tape measure, make sure the arms are held horizontal plane and use the tri-square held vertically to line the finger tape with the tape measure; and (d) measure the distance from the zero point of the tape to tip of the middle finger of the other arm. SCORING – Record score to the nearest 0.1 inches B. MASCULAR POWER TESTING ONESELF STANDING LONG JUMP PURPOSE – to measure the explosive strength and power of the leg muscles. Leg power is important for most athletic events that solves running jumping and throwing. Most identification test utilized the vertical jump to measure leg power. The standing long jump is adapted in this test battery for convenience of testing. EQUIPMENT – a tape accurate to 0.1 centimeters at test three (3) meters and place firmly on the floor; and tri-square. PROCEDURE – (a) a student stands behind the take-off line, about six (6) inches to the left of the tape and making sure that the tip of his/her shoes do not go beyond the take-off line; (b) he/she crouches, swings his/her arms backward and jump forward a far as we can and upon stepping down the floor, hands continues to move forward without stopping his/her forward momentum. Swinging the arms back and forth is not allowed. (c) the tester marks where back of the heels of the student landed; noting the mark closes to the take-off line if he/she landed with heels not together. (d) the student will make another attempt; and (e)the tester, using the tri-square lines this up with the tape and notes the further distance of the two trials. SCORING – Record the score in meters and to nearest 0.1 centimeters TESTING ONESELF BASKETBALL PASS PURPOSE – the basketball pass measures upper strength and power or ability to exert a forceful movement utilizing the muscles of the arms and upper body. Powerful muscles of the upper body are important in spiking in volleyball, throwing a baseball. Passing in basketball and in the throwing events in athletics, in gymnastics and swimming and most other sports. EQUIPMENT – size 7 basketball and an accurately measure throwing are at least 15 meters long. PROCEDURE (a) the student sits on the floor with buttocks back and head resting against wall, the legs are stretched horizontally in front of the body. (b) the student uses a two-landed chest pass to push the ball in the horizontal direction (45-degree angle) as far as possible. A one arm pass is not allowed. (c) throughout the movement, the student must keep his head, shoulder and buttocks in contact with the wall and that the ball is thrown only with the arm and shoulder muscles; and (d) the student allowed two (2) trials, with the test noting the distances, to the nearest five (5) centimeters from the edge of the wall to the base of the ball where it makes contact with the floor on the first bounce. SCORING – record the lather distance of the two trials to the nearest five (5) centimeters.
