LETS PLAY “Show and Tell”
Each of us will share an object
that has special meaning to
them and explains why it is
important.
HISTORY OF
COMPUTER
At the end of the lesson, you will be able
to:
• Gain familiarity in different discoveries
during the basic computing periods.
• Learn different aspects of ICT in our
daily lives.
• Learn different computers invented
from
basic
computing
to
new
generations of computers.
How do you see computers
evolving in the future, and how
it might further impact society?
What is computer?
• It is a programmable machine.
• It is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. It has the ability to
store, retrieve, and process data.
• It is a machine that manipulates data
according to a list of instructions.
• Computer is any device which aids
humans in performing various kinds of
computations or calculations.
What is computer?
• Is an electronic device which helps us to
store and process our data or instructions
at high speed with 100% accuracy.
• A wide range of problems can be solved
with help of computer. The problems may
be related to the business, education,
medical, banking, etc.
• A computer mainly works on the principle
of Input – Process – Output cycle.
What is computer?
• Most computers rely on a binary system
that uses two variables, 0 and 1, to
complete tasks such as storing data,
calculating algorithms, and displaying
information.
Three Principal Characteristics of Computer
• It responds to a specific set of instructions
in a well-defined manner.
• It can execute a pre-recorded list of
instructions.
• It can quickly store and retrieve large
amounts of data.
Computer was born not for
entertainment or email but out of a
need to solve a serious numbercrunching crisis.
The word computer comes from the
Greek word “compute” i.e. exactly
meaning calculate.
Different types of Computers
Desktop Computer
Image from: playpc.io/editorial/pros-and-cons-of-building-a-pcvs-buying-stock/
Servers
Image from: www.wordtext.com.ph/sophos/sophos-blog/whatis-server-security/
Game Consoles
Image from: www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/best-gamingconsoles/
Smartphones and Tables
Image from: unsplash.com/s/photos/tablet-and-phone
Laptops
Image from: www.pcworld.com/article/694436/best-laptops-forgraphic-design.html
PCs and Macs
• IBM PC Compatible – this is the most
common type of personal computer and
it typically includes the Microsoft windows
operating system.
• Macintosh – All Macs are made by one
company, and they almost always use
the Mac OS X operating system.
This type of computer began with the
original IBM PC that was introduced in
1981.
Other companies began creating
similar computers, which were called
IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to
PC)
The
Macintosh
computer
was
introduced in 1984, and it was the first
widely sold personal computer with a
graphical user interface or GUI.
Applications of Computer in our Lives
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Business
Education
Healthcare
Retail and Trade
Government
Marketing Science
Publishing
Arts and Entertainment
Applications of Computer in our Lives
•
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Communication
Banking and Finance
Transport
Navigation
Working from home
Military
Social and Romance
Booking Vacations
Applications of Computer in our Lives
• Security and Surveillance
• Weather Forecasting
• Robotics
Benefits
of
Computers
in
Normal
Circumstances
• Computer works fast.
• Computer works consistently.
• Computer remembers a huge amount of
stuffs.
• Computers are loyal.
• Computer works hard.
What Computers Do?
History of Computer
https://coggle.it/diagram/ZPvxgiM_1LhIlaI/t/history-of-computer-playerprime-lifestyle-hero-primarysm/c3e6f5c164d52e5f375a18210cdffdf5
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Basic Computing Periods –Ages
•
Premechanical age - The premechanical age
is the earliest age of information technology. It
can be defined as the time between 3000B.C.
and 1450A.D. We are talking about a long time
ago. When humans first started communicating
they would try to use language or simple
picture drawings known as petroglyths which
were usually carved in rock. Early alphabets
were developed such as the Phoenician
alphabet.
Basic Computing Periods –Ages
•
Mechanical Ages - The mechanical age is when we
first start to see connections between our current
technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age can
be defined as the time between 1450 and 1840. A lot of
new technologies are developed in this era as there is a
large explosion in interest with this area. Technologies like
the slide rule (an analog computer used for multiplying
and dividing) were invented. Blaise Pascal invented the
Pascaline which was a very popular mechanical
computer. Charles Babbage developed the difference
engine which tabulated polynomial equations using the
method of finite differences.
Basic Computing Periods –Ages
•
Electromechanical Ages - Now we are finally
getting close to some technologies that resemble our
modern-day technology. The electromechanical age can
be defined as the time between 1840 and 1940. These are
the beginnings of telecommunication. The telegraph was
created in the early 1800s. Morse code was created by
Samuel Morse in 1835. The telephone (one of the most
popular forms of communication ever) was created by
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. The first radio developed
by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894. All of these were extremely
crucial emerging technologies that led to big advances in
the information technology field.
Basic Computing Periods –Ages
•
Electronic Ages - The electronic age is what we
currently live in. It can be defined as the time
between 1940 and right now. The ENIAC was the first
high-speed, digital computer capable of being
reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing
problems. This computer was designed to be used by
the U.S. Army for artillery firing tables. This machine
was even bigger than the Mark 1 taking up 680
square feet and weighing 30 tons - HUGE. It mainly
used vacuum tubes to do its calculations
Generations of Computer
• First Generation – The first computers used vacuum tubes
for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were
often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very
expensive to operate and in addition to using a great
deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions. First generation
computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level
programming language understood by computers, to
perform operations, and they could only solve one
problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards
and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
Generations of Computer
• Second Generations - Transistors replaced
vacuum tubes and ushered in the second
generation of computers. One transistor
replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.
Allowing computers to become smaller, faster,
cheaper, more energy-efficient and more
reliable. Still generated a great deal of heat
that can damage the computer.
Generations of Computer
• Third Generations- The development of the
integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third
generation of computers. Transistors were
miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased the
speed and efficiency of computers. It could
carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
Much smaller and cheaper compare to the
second-generation computers.
Generations of Computer
• Fourth Generations - The microprocessor brought
the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
As these small computers became more powerful,
they could be linked together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of the Internet.
Fourth
generation
computers
also
saw
the
development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld
devices.
Generations of Computer
• Fifth Generations - Based on Artificial
Intelligence (AI). Still in development. The use of
parallel processing and superconductors is
helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
The goal is to develop devices that respond to
natural language input and are capable of
learning and self-organization. There are some
applications, such as voice recognition, that
are being used today.
References:
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https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/csca0201_ch01.pdf
https://www.sutori.com/story/history-of-ict-information-and-communicationstechnology-- N7J51bQqSU7vLWcVfdn5M9qa
https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/historyofcomputers.html