ORTHOPEDIC NURSING
MUSCULOSKELETAL MODALITIES
 BRACE
 A mechanical support for weakened
muscles, joints, and bones in
rehabilitation
 FUNCTIONS:
1. For Immobilization
2. Permit patients to walk without
Fatigue
3. Maintain body Alignment
4. To control Involuntary movements
5. Prevent and correct Deformity
6. For Support
 TYPES OF BRACES AND ITS INDICATIONS
SOMI BRACE: STERNO-OCCIPITOMANDIBULAR IMMOBILIZER
FORESTER BRACE: CERVICO-THORACOLUMBAR SPINE AFFECTION
SHANTZ COLLAR BRACE: FOR CERVICAL
SPINE AFFECTION
KNIGHT TAYLOR BRACE: AFFECTION OF
THE UPPER THORACIC SPINE
PHILADELPHIA COLLAR BRACE: FOR
CERVICAL SPINE AFFECTION
CHAIR BACK BRACE: FOR LUMBO-SACRAL
SPINE AFFECTION
FOUR POSTER BRACE: FOR CERVICAL
SPINE & UPPER THORACIC SPINE
AFFECTION
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OPEN HEIMER: FOR RADIAL NERVE INJURY
JEWETTE BRACE: FOR DORSO-LUMBAR &
UPPER LUMBAR SPINE AFFECTION
LIVELY FINGER SPLINT: FOR FRACTURE
of the FINGER
MILWAUKEE BRACE: FOR SCOLIOSIS
AFFECTION OF T9 & below
SHORT LEG BRACE: FOR CLUBFOOT
YAMAMOTO BRACE: FOR SCOLIOSIS
AFFECTION of T9 & above
COCK-UP SPLINT: FOR WRIST DROP
UNILATERAL LONG LEG BRACE: FOR
POST POLIOMYELITIS with RESIDUAL
PARALYSIS
BANJO SPLINT: FOR PERIPHERAL NERVE
INJURY
BILATERAL LONG LEG BRACE: FOR POST
POLIOMYELITIS with RESIDUAL PARALYSIS
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 CAST
DEFINITION OF PLASTER CAST:
-
a temporary immobilizing device which
is made of gypsum sulfate rendered
anhydrous by calcinations when mixed
with water, swells and forms into a
hard cement.
CASTING MATERIALS:
SHORT ARM POSTERIOR MOLD:
AFFECTIONS of the WRIST 7 FINGER with
INFECTIONS or OPEN WOUND
1. Plaster of Paris
2. Synthetic materials:
 Polyester / cotton knit
 Fiberglass
 Thermoplastic
LONG ARM CIRCULAR CAST (L.A.C.C.):
AFFECTIONS of the RADIUS-ULNA
LONG ARM POSTERIOR MOLD:
AFFECTIONS OF RADIUS-ULNA with
INFECTION And OPEN WOUNDS
 FUNCTIONS:
1. To immobilize
2. To prevent or correct deformity
3. To support, maintain and protect
realigned bone
4. To promote healing and early weightbearing
 TYPES OF CAST AND ITS INDICATIONS
 KINDS OF CAST FOR THE UPPER
EXTREMITIES
HANGING CAST: FRACTURE OF THE SHAFT
OF THE HUMERUS
SHORT ARM CIRCULAR CAST (S.A.C.C.):
AFFECTION OF THE WRIST or the FINGERS
FUENSTER’s CAST (Munster): FRACTURES
OF THE RADIUS-ULNA with CALLUS
FORMATION
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LONG LEG POSTERIOR MOLD:
AFFECTIONS of the TIBIA-FIBULA with
infections & open wound
SUGAR TONG: AFFECTIONS OF THE
SHOULDER, UPPER PORTION of the
HUMERUS w/ INFECTIO & OPEN WOUND
WALKING CAST: AFFECTIONS of ANKLE
with CALLUS FORMATION
ABDUCTION SPLINT: FRACTURE of the
BACK of the HUMERUS
 KINDS OF CAST FOR THE LOWER
EXTREMITIES
PATELLAR TENDON BEARING CAST
(P.T.B.): AFFECTION of the TIBIA-FIBULA
with CALLUS FORMATION
SHORT LEG CIRCULAR CAST (Boot Cast):
AFFECTIONS of the ANKLE & TOES
QUADRILATERAL CAST / ISCHIAL
BEARING CAST: AFFECTION of the SHAFT
of the FEMUR with CALLUS FORMATION
SHORT LEG POSTERIOR MOLD:
AFFECTIONS of the ANKLE & TOES with
infections & open wound
LONG LEG CIRCULAR CAST: AFFECTIONS
of the TIBIA-FIBULA
CYLINDER CASTS: FRACTURE of the
PATELLA
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SPICA CAST (Includes the trunk & one
or both upper or lower extremities):
AFFECTION OF SHOULDER JOINT & UPPER
PORTION of HUMERUS
SINGLE HIP SPICA: AFFECTIONS OF THE
HIP & FEMUR
 KINDS OF CAST FOR THE TRUNK
COLLAR CAST: AFFECTION of the CERVICAL
SPINE
1 1⁄2 HIP SPICA CAST: AFFECTION OF
THE HIP & FEMUR
MINERVA CAST: AFFECTION of the UPPER
DORSAL CERVICAL SPINE
•
•
•
DOUBLE HIP SPICA CAST: AFFECTION OF
THE HIP & FEMUR
Trauma
Scoliosis
Pott’s Disease
FROG CAST: CONGENITAL HIP
DISLOCATION
RIZZERS JACKET: SCOLIOSIS
PANTALON CAST: FRACTURE OF THE
PELVIC
BODY CAST: AFFECTIONS of the LOWER
DORSO-LUMBAR SPINE
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ORTHOPEDIC HARDWARES
BASIC ORTHOPEDIC HARDWARE
Internal Fixation Hardware
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Screws
Plates
Pins and Wires
Intramedullary rods and nails
Anchors
ROGER ANDERSON EXTERNAL FIXATOR
(RAEF): FOR COMMINUTED FRACTURE OF
THE LONG BONE
 SCREWS OVERVIEW
 most
common
general
purpose
fixation devices.
 They may be the only hardware used
in
reparative
or
reconstruction
surgery.
 Commonly used with other hardware
devices, particularly plates, to fixate
the associated device to bone.
 For fractures that have large welldefined components, screws are used
both to fixate plates and as standalone devices to fixate the fracture
fragments. The main features of a
screw are shown to the right along
with the standard names for its parts.
MINI ROGER ANDERSON EXTERNAL
FIXATOR (MINI RAEF): FOR COMMINUTED
FRACTURE OF THE LONG BONE OF UE
(Radius Ulna/Humerus)
DELTA FRAME EXTERNAL FIXATOR: FOR
FRACTURE OF PROXIMAL 3RD & DISTAL 3rd
TIBIA-FIBULA DELTA = TRIANGLE
TYPES OF ORTHOPEDIC HARDWARES AND
ITS INDICATIONS
HYBRID EXTERNAL FIXATOR: FOR
PERIARTICULAR FRACTURE of the ANKLE or
KNEE JOINT
TOWERS EXTERNAL FIXATOR: FOR
FRACTURE OF THE MANDIBLE
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Y BONE PLATE: FOR SUPRACONDYLAR
FRACTURE OF THE HUMERUS
ILIZAROV EXTERNAL FIXATOR: FOR
COMMINUTED FRACTURE, NON-UNION, MALUNION & FOR BONE LENGTHENING
X BONE PLATE: FOR FRACTURE OF MEDIAL
3RD of RADIUS-ULNA
SPANNING EXTERNAL FIXATOR: FOR
FRACTURE OF THE FEMUR EXTENTED TO
TIBIA
BUTTRESS PLATE or T PLATE: FOR
FRACTURE OF PROXIMAL 3RD OF TIBIA
HOFFMAN’S EXTERNAL FIXATOR: FOR
PELVIC AFFECTION or HIP DISLOCATION
CERCLAGE WIRE: FOR FRACTURE OF THE
PATELLA (used in Tension Bond Wiring)
INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL: FOR FRACTURE
OF THE FEMUR EXTENTED TO TIBIA
COMPRESSION HIP SCREW FIXATOR:
FOR INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE OF
THE FEMUR
STEIMANN PINS: FOR FRACTURE OF
FEMUR AND HIPS FOR BST
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AUSTIN MOORE HIP PROSTHESIS:
REPLACEMENT OF FEMORAL HEAD & NECK
FOR PARTIAL HIP REPLACEMENT
ARTHROPLASTY
CRUTCHFIELD TONG: FOR UPPER DORSAL
CERVICAL SPINE AFFECTION (Inserted at
Parietal Area)
BIPOLAR HIP PROSTHESIS:
REPLACEMENT OF FEMORAL HEAD, NECK &
ACETABULUM FOR TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT
ARTHROPLASTY
LUQUE ROD & HARRINGTON ROD: FOR
SCOLIOSIS
SUB LAMINAR WIRE: TO HOLD ROD IN
PLACE DURING INSTRUMENTATION specially
for SCOLIOSIS
SPACER ANTIBIOTIC: FOR REPLACEMENT
OF INFECTED HIP PROSTHESIS
KIRSCHNER WIRES: PRIMARY FIXATION
DEVICE for FRACTURES IN THEHANDS AND
FEET USED AS ADJUNCTIVE FIXATION
DEVICES FOR COMPLEX FRACTURES OF
LARGER BONES
KNEE PROSTHESIS: FOR FRACTURE OF
THE PATELLA (with femoral & tibial
component) FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS of KNEE
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ANTIBIOTIC BEADS: THERAPEUTIC
EFFECT for OSTEOMYELITIS PROPHYLACTIC
EFFECT IN PLATING, IMN, and all types of
internal & external fixator
SKIN STAPLER: TO HOLD SKIN EDGES
TOGETHER
OSTEOTOME (CHISEL): USED for
OBTAINING BONE CHIPS for SPINAL FUSION
USED FOR SCRAPING DEAD/NECROTCI
BONE TISSUES
INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL EXTRACTOR:
FOR REMOVAL OF IM NAIL
BONE DRILL AND DRILL BIT: FOR
BORING HOLE THROUGH THE BONE
HEMOVAC: FOR COLLECTION OF DRAINAGE
UNDER NEGATIVE PRESSURE
GIGLI SAW: FOR AMPUTATION
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