ORTHOPEDIC NURSING
1. A. To prevent disability to the geriatric patients while in lying
or supine and prone position they should maintain extension
for set periods of time this is to promote good blood circulation
and this serves as their stretches.
2. Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition that
should be promptly recognized. Surgical patients are at
increased risk of developing a PE, especially after orthopedic
hip and knee surgery, because of positioning during surgery
and immobility, which contributes to an increase in venous
stasis
3. Sequential Compression Device (SCD) is a method of DVT
prevention that improves blood flow in the legs. This imitates
walking and helps prevent blood clots
4. Since Mrs. Mendoza is still in the postoperative stage,
assisting him is a must to prevent accidents, and to promote
independent intervention to the patient ask him to keep his
legs wide apart this will help ensure you keep his balance.
5. The primary function of the trapeze is to promote movement
in the patient.
6. Sitting in a low chair will make Mrs. Mendoza bend more than
his extent thus this can be possibly lead to injury and pain.
7. Immediate transport is a must in emergency cases
8. Breathing is one of our priorities, so when a patient is having
DOB immediate supplemental oxygen must be given.
9. Elevating the foot part of the bed will have more support for
the patient.
10. Occlusion of dermal capillaries by the fat emboli results in a
petechial rash. Petechiae rash occurs in 50 to 60% of the
cases. Neurologic signs such as confusion, stupor, and coma
may be present. These are usually temporary and do not
happen on one side of the body.
11. Pain, numbness, or tingling in your hand or foot could be a
sign that swelling is causing too much pressure inside your
cast, and affecting your nerves.
12. Trapeze bars are patient transfer devices. A trapeze bar is an
important patient room accessory designed to help patients
change positions while in bed, and aid in the transfer from bed
to chairs with minimum attendant assistance.
13. Do not use heat treatments after activity, and do not use heat
after an acute injury. Never use heat where swelling is
involved because swelling is caused by bleeding in the tissue,
and heat just draws more blood to the area.
14. Long leg casts can be applied in the acute care setting for
acceptably reduced tibial fractures or nondisplaced
supracondylar fractures of the femur.
15. Casts are used to protect and immobilize bones and joints in
order to support injured limbs while they heal.
16. It inevitably leads to reduction in physical abilities, which is
likely to have significant effects on employment, and that can
cause financial difficulties, isolation, and decreased selfesteem.
17. After surgery, the stump may be elevated on a pillow for the
first 24-48 hours to decrease swelling.
18. Phantom pain is pain that feels like it's coming from a body
part that's no longer there. Doctors once believed this postamputation phenomenon was a psychological problem, but
experts now recognize that these real sensations originate in
the spinal cord and brain.
19. It is important to avoid brisk rubbing which may irritate the
skin. Lotions, creams, and moisturizers should not be applied
also to the limb unless specific orders are given by.
20. Phantom pain results from a mix-up in nervous system
signals, specifically between the spinal cord and brain. When
a body part is amputated, the nerve connections from the
periphery to the brain remain in place.
21. D - To prevent pressure injuries, the client must change body
position.
22. C - The complications of immobility include skin breakdown,
pressure ulcers, contractures, muscular weakness, and
muscular atrophy; turning client every 2 hours and massaging
bony prominences prevent these complications
23. B - A cast requires approximately 24 to 72 hours to dry, and
until dry, it does not have full strength. While drying, the cast
should not be placed on a hard surface. The initial cooling
occurs in about 15 minutes after application of the cast.
24. D - To avoid damage to the nerves and blood vessels in your
armpits, your weight should rest on your hands, not on the
underarm supports.
25. D - Soften rough edges by placing 1-inch strips of adhesive
tape or moleskin or the rough patch after the cast is
completely dry. Taping the cast as soon as possible prevents
skin damage.
26. D - A classic sign of scoliosis is asymmetrical dress or skirt
hem caused by unevenness of affected shoulder and hip, due
to a lateral curvature of the spine. The spinal deformity causes
the asymmetry.
27. C - Severe scoliosis may have a significant effect on
respiratory function. The effect is most often restrictive due to
severe anatomical distortion of the chest, leading to reduced
lung volumes, limited diaphragmatic excursion and chest wall
muscle inefficiency.
28. A - The client may have coldness of the extremity due to
decreased blood flow.
29. B - Cast should hold a broken bone in place as it heals. It also
helps to prevent or decrease muscle contractions, and are
effective at providing immobilization
30. C - The layer after the stockinette is sheet wadding. It is
applied from the distal end of the injured extremity to the
proximal end with smooth and even application.
31. C- It is used to keep the thigh bone (femur) and pelvis still and
this promotes immobilization.
32. B-Ensure that the traction weight bag is hanging freely, the
bag must not rest on the bed or the floor, this promotes
balance in the traction so that the therapy would be effective
in immobilizing
33. D-An intramedullary nail is a metal rod that is inserted into the
medullary cavity of a bone and across the fracture in order to
provide a solid support for the fractured bone. Intramedullary
nailing is currently considered the "gold standard" for
treatment of femoral shaft fractures
34. C-Bone infection is most often caused by bacteria.
35. C36. A-1,2,and 3 are the right answer except the 4 which are
cleaning the wound from the periphery. Cleaning a wound
should be from the center of the wound outward towards the
periwound skin margins.
45. A. The lateral decubitus position provides surgical exposure to
the chest, retroperitoneum, hip, and lateral leg. Common procedures
performed in this position include procedures on the lung, aorta,
kidney, and hip.
46. C. 500cc/24hrs = 20 micro gtts/min
47. C. 1gm/750g x 6ml = 8ml
37. B-Open fracture (compound fracture): The bone pokes
through the skin and can be seen. Or a deep wound exposes
the bone through the skin
48. A. 4 diagonal bars is not included in this.
49. D. the counter traction is the weight of the patient.
38. C-fracture healing may be delayed because of excessive
motion of fracture fragments or synovial fluid collagenases
that weaken the fracture callus.
39. D-quadriceps femoris are among the largest and strongest
muscles in your body that
40. C-sternum is a T-shaped flat bone that's located in the middle
of your chests
41. C. sternum, Your axial skeleton is made up of the 80 bones within
the central core of your body. This includes bones in your head, neck,
back and chest. Your axial skeleton protects and cushions your
brain, spinal cord and organs.
42. C. use of a high seated chair prevents pressure onto the hips
43. C. lengthening of the leg, this does not cause dislocation of the
prosthesis.
44. B. assess skin color and pedal pulse, The 6 P's of a
neurovascular assessment are pain, poikilothermia, paresthesia,
paralysis, pulselessness, and pallor.
50. A. 9lbs half of 18lbs ordered by the doctor.