RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RU20 RNC Architecture
and Interfaces
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
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Academy
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Objectives
After this training module, the student should be able to:
• Explain RNC architectures: cabinet, Plug In Unit (PIU) connection, cabling,
Functional Units (FUs), redundancy types and Hardware Management System
(HMS) of RNC196, RNC450 and RNC2600
• Explain RU20 RNC configuration and capacity steps for RNC196, RNC450 and
RNC2600
• Understand new changes in RU20 (RN5.0) for RNC196, RNC450 and RNC2600
• Understand signalling and data flow in RU20 for RNC196, RN450 and RNC2600
• Explain changes in RU20 for hardware, software, alarms, MML, measurement
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
UMTS Basic Network Architecture (Rel 7)
CN
VLR
MSS
GERAN
MG
W
Um
BTS
BSC
A
Abis
G
E
Nc
PSTN
Nb
MGW
Mc
Mc
VL
R
A
PSTN
PSTN
Nc
PSTN
MS
S
BSS
IuCS
UTRAN
Uu
IuCS
Gb
F
D
C
CS-Domain
Gs
Gf
EI
R
Gr
HS
S
IMS
IMS
Gc
Go
Iur
Gi
Gn
SIM
IuPS
Iub
Gp
UE
Cu
USIM
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RNC
Node B
RNS
PSTN
PSTN
GMSS
GGSN
Other
Other
PLMN
PLMN
SGSN
BG
PDN/
PDN/
Internet
Internet
PS-Domain
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The picture shows an overview of mobile network supporting both 2G and 3G. The
core network (CN) is divided into Circuit Switched and Packet Switched domains.
The 3G radio access network, or UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network),
consists of Node B's and RNC's. One RNC together with all Node B controlled forms
an RNS (Radio Network Subsystem).
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
UTRAN Interfaces
SAS
or
A-GPS
Server
Iu-pc
or
ADIF
UTRAN
Uu
WBTS
Iu-BC
CBC
Iu-CS
3GMSC
SRNC
WBTS
Iub
User Equipment
(UE)
Iur
Iu-PS
WBTS
3GSGSN
DRNC
WBTS
Core Network
(CN)
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Picture shows UTRAN interfaces. In addition to the MSC and SGSN, interfaces to optional core
network nodes are shown:
 CBC (Cell Broadcast Centre) supports cell broadcast traffic to all mobiles within a service
area.
 SAS (Standalone SMLC, Standalone Serving Mobile Location Centre) or Assisted GPS (AGPS) server supports location services (LCS).
For location services the following methods are supported by RNC:
Cell Coverage Based with Geographical Coordinates
In the Cell Coverage Based positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated on the basis
of its serving cell. Information about the serving cell is obtained, for example, by paging, location
area update, cell update, URA update or routing area update.
Assisted GPS
Since RAS05.1 / RAS05.1 ED, in addition to Cell Coverage Based positioning, A-GPS (Assisted
GPS) is supported. The objective of this method is to forward to the UE the GPS Navigation
Message in a specified Assistance Measurement Control message. Hence, the satellite
acquisition time can be significantly reduced and the availability of the positioning service can be
enhanced to urban canyons and light indoor environments. Moreover, the A-GPS positioning
accuracy can be improved if rough location of the UE can be included in the Assistance
Measurement Control message. Rough position of the UE can be estimated based on, e.g.,
introduced Cell Coverage Based location technique.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Generic Functional Architecture of IPA2800
ATM E1/T1/JT1
1.5-2 Mbit/s
Switching Functions
NIP1
TDM STM-1
155 Mbit/s
IWS1E
IWS1T
MXU
ATM STM-1
155 Mbit/s
SFU
IPFE
A2SU
DMCU
/TCU
OMU
ISU
/ICSU
Signaling
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System Functions
Ethernet
1G (optical/
electric)
IPGO/GE
NPGE
MXU
TBU
Control Functions
Signal Processing
higher traffic NIS1
NPS1
capacity
NIWU
TDM E1/T1/JT1
1.5-2 Mbit/s
Interface Functions
lower traffic
capacity
Ethernet
100M
SWU
RSMU
/CACU
…
Resource
mangement
FDU
Ethernet OMS
10/100 Mbit/s
WDU
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The general functional architecture of the IPA2800 Packet Platform based network
elements is shown above. At the high level network element consists of switching functions,
interface functions, control functions, signal processing functions, and system functions
(such as timing and power feed).
Functionality is distributed to a set of functional units capable of accomplishing a special
purpose. These are entities of hardware and software or only hardware.
Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) for performing centralized parts of system
maintenance functions; peripherals such as Winchester Disk Drive (WDU) and Floppy Disk
Drive (FDU) (i.e. magneto-optical disk in the ATM Platform) connected via SCSI interface;
Distributed Control Computers (signaling and resource management computers) which
consist of common hardware and system software supplemented with function specific
software for control, protocol processing, management, and maintenance tasks;
Network Interface Units (NIU) for connecting the network element to various types of
transmission systems (e.g. E1 or STM-1); (Please note that actual names of functional
units are different, e.g. NIS1 and NIP1 instead of NIU)
Network Interworking Units (NIWU, IWS1) for connecting the network element to non-ATM
transmission systems (e.g. TDM E1);
ATM Multiplexer (MXU) and ATM Switching Fabric Unit (SFU) for switching both circuit and
packet switched data channels, for connecting signalling channels, as well as for system
internal communications;
AAL2 switching unit (A2SU) performs switching of AAL type 2 packets;
Timing and Hardware Management Bus Unit (TBU) for timing, synchronization and system
maintenance purposes; and
Distributed Signal Processing units (DMCU/TCU) which provide support for e.g.
transcoding, macro diversity combining, data compression, and ciphering.
Units are connected to the SFU either directly (in the case of units with high traffic capacity)
or via the MXU (in the case of units with lower traffic capacity). The order of magnitude of
the interconnection capacity for both cases is shown in the figure.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Generic Block Diagram of IPA2800
STM-1
TDM
IWS1E/T
E1/T1/JT1
ATM
NIP1
E1/T1/JT
1
TDM
NIWU
IPGO/GE
Ethernet
1G
IPFE
Ethernet
100M
NIS1
STM-1/VC-4
STM-1/VC-3
ATM
NPGE
Ethernet
1G
NPS1
STM-1/VC-4
STM-1/VC-3
ATM
MXU
SFU
CU*
Ethernet
A2SU
CU*
CU*
100Base-TX
MXU
CU*
OMS
Ethernet
100Base-TX
SWU
OMU
FDU
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MXU
SPU*
TBU
WDU
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More formal way to view the generic functional architecture is by the generic block
diagram. Note that the naming of functional units is different in actual network elements
based on the platform. Here more generic terms are used to describe the concepts (for
example, NIU, SPU and CU). Such generic terms are marked with an asterisk (*).
To achieve higher reliability, many functional units are redundant: there is a spare unit
designated for one or more active units. There are several ways to manage these spare
units. All the centralized functions of the system are protected in order to guarantee high
availability of the system.
To guarantee high availability, the ATM Switching Fabric and ATM Multiplexer as core
functions of the system are redundant. Power feed, hardware management bus, and
timing supply are also duplicated functions. Hot standby protected units and units that
have management or mass memory interfaces are always duplicated. Hard discs and
buses connecting them to control units are always duplicated.
Computing platform provides support for the redundancy. Hardware and software of the
system are constantly supervised. When a defect is detected in an active functional unit,
a spare unit is set active by an automatic recovery function. The number of spare units
and the method of synchronization vary, but redundancy always operates on software
level.
If the spare unit is designated for only one active unit the software in the unit pair is kept
synchronized so that taking the spare in use in fault situations (switchover) is very fast.
This is called 2N redundancy principle or duplication.
For less strict reliability requirements, the spare unit may also be designated to a group
of functional units. The spare unit can replace any unit in the group. In this case the
switchover is a bit slower to execute, because the spare unit synchronization (warming)
is performed as a part of the switchover procedure. This redundancy principle is called
replaceable N+1.
A unit group may be allocated no spare unit at all, if the group acts as a resource pool.
The number of unit in the pool is selected so that there is some extra capacity available.
If a few units of the pool are disabled because of faults, the rest of the group can still
perform its designated functions. This redundancy principle is called complementary
N+1 or load sharing.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
IPA2800 Conceptual Model
Application
Application Software
Software (RNC,
(RNC, MGW)
MGW)
API
API
Applications
API
IPA2800
Platform
Signal
Fault Tolerant
Switching
Processing
Computing Platform Platform
Platform
Software
SW
SW
API
Adjunct
Adjunct
Platform
Platform
(NEMU)
(NEMU)
Modular
Modular and
and Scalable
Scalable Hardware
Hardware
(Processing,
(Processing, switching
switching and
and
interface
interface capacity
capacity required)
required)
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The IPA2800 Packet Platform consists of the Switching Platform Software, the Fault
Tolerant Computing Platform Software, Signal Processing Platform Software, and the
Hardware Platform. In addition, adjunct platforms can be used if needed in an application.
The Switching Platform Software provides common telecom functions (for example,
statistics, routing, and address analysis) as well as generic packet switching/routing
functionality common for several application areas (for example, connection control, traffic
management, ATM network operations and maintenance, and resource management).
The Fault Tolerant Computing Platform Software provides a distributed and fault tolerant
computing environment for the upper platform levels and the applications. It is ideal for use
in implementing flexible, efficient and fault tolerant computing systems. The Computing
Platform Software includes basic computer services as well as system maintenance
services, and provides DX Light and POSIX application interfaces.
The Computing Platform Software is based upon general purpose computer units with interprocessor communications implemented using ATM virtual connections. The number of
computer units can be scaled according to application and network element specific
processing capacity requirements.
The Hardware Platform based on standard mechanics provides cost-efficiency through the
use of modular, optimized and standardized solutions that are largely based on
commercially available chipsets.
The Signal Processing Platform Software provides generic services for all signal processing
applications. Digital signal processing (DSP) is needed in providing computation intensive
end-user services, such as speech transcoding, echo cancellation, or macrodiversity
combining.
The Adjunct Platform (NEMU) provides a generic platform for O&M application services and
different NE management applications and tools.
Concept platform and it's layer structure should in this context be seen as a modular set of
closely related building blocks which provide well defined services. Structure must not be
seen as static and monolithic, as the subset of services needed for an application (specific
network element) can be selected.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Mechanics (M2000)
Cabinet mechanics for indoor use
Cabinet contains 4 subracks, 4 fan trays,
and power distribution equipment
EMC shielding at subrack level rather
than at cabinet level
Front and back cabling
Based on metric dimensioning (IEC/ETSI)
Old hardware mechanics (prior to A5):
IC186-B
Indoor Cabinet, 1800*600*600
mm
SRA1 Subrack, ATM, type 1
SRA2 Subrack, ATM, type 2
FTRA Fan Tray
New hardware mechanics (A5HW):
EC216 Equipment Cabinet, 2100*600*600 mm
SRA3 Subrack, ATM, type 3
FTRA-B Fan Tray 1200W
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The IPA2800 platform introduces a new mechanics concept, with new cabinet, new
subrack (EMC shielded), and new plug-in unit dimensions. Fan units are needed
inside the cabinet for forced cooling.
The M2000 mechanics comprises the basic mechanics concept based on ETSI 300
119-4 standard and IEC 917 series standards for metric dimensioning of electronic
equipment.
The concept supports the platform architecture which allows modular scalability of
configurations varying from modest to very large capacity. It also allows the
performance to be configured using only few hardware component types.
The mechanics consists of following equipment:
cabinet mechanics
19-slot subrack, it's backplane and front plate mechanics
connector and cabling system
cooling equipment.
Dimensions of the cabinet are: width 600 mm, depth 600 mm, and height 1800/2100
mm (based on standard ETS 300 119-2 and IEC 917-2).
Subrack has a height of 300 mm, a depth of 300 mm, and a width of 500 mm. The
nominal plug-in unit slot in the subrack is 25 mm which results in 19 slots per one
subrack. The basic construction allows dividing a part of a subrack vertically into two
slots with optional guiding mechanics for the use of half-height plug-in units.
The backplane and cabling system provides reliable interconnections between plugin units. In addition to this, the backplane provides EMC shield to the rear side of the
subrack. Common signals are delivered via the backplane and all other
interconnection signals are connected via cabling. This allows backplane modularity
and flexibility in different configurations. Because of flexible cabling and redundancy
it is possible to scale the system to a larger capacity in an active system without
shutting down the whole system.
Cabinet power distribution equipment and four subracks with cooling equipment can
be installed in one cabinet. Openings in the sides of the cabinet behind the subrack
backplanes allow direct horizontal cabling between cabinets.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Similarities and Differences
of DX200 and IPA2800
(Optional)
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Comparison of IPA2800 & DX200 Platforms
Similarities and Differences: Hardware Platform
All plug-in units are different in IPA2800 platform and DX 200 platform.
However, plug-in units may contain common hardware blocks in some
cases.
System internal communication: ATM vs. Message Bus and LAPD
channels
Hardware Management System (HMS) replaces Wired Alarms, and
provides new functionality.
Similarities and Differences: Computing Platform
Major improvements visible to application level will be: POSIX, I/O
architecture, System Maintenance, Chorus Computing Platform
Similarities and Differences: Switching Platform
Switching based on ATM: a lot of ATM-specific additional functionality
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Similarities and Differences: Hardware
Basic switching technology different: TDM versus ATM
A variety of new interface types, also network interworking is supported.
New mechanics concept and new dimensioning, but common technical solutions in
M98 and M2000 mechanics when possible.
All plug-in units are different in IPA2800 platform and DX 200 platform. However,
plug-in units may contain common hardware blocks in some cases.
System internal communication: ATM vs. Message Bus and LAPD channels
Hardware management system replaces wired alarms, and provides new
functionality
Increased functional integration
Compact network elements
Forced cooling with fans
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
DX 200 / IPA 2800 Platform
Both Platform support the common features:
•
•
•
•
•
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Distributed Processing Architecture
Modularity
Common Hardware
Modular Software
Fault Tolerance
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
IPA2800 Redundancy Principles
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
2N Redundancy
2N Redundancy (duplication)
• one spare unit designated for one active unit
• Software in the unit pair is kept synchronized
(hot-standby) -> fast switchover
Active
Hot stand-by
2N redundancy principle
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2N Redundancy (duplication) is used when two units are dedicated to a task for
which one is enough at any given time. One of the units is always active, that is in
the working state. The other unit is kept in the hot stand–by state, the spare state.
For example:
2N in RNC: OMU, SFU, MXU, RSMU
2N in BSC: OMU, GSW, MCMU
When a unit is detected faulty, it is taken into the testing state, and the fault location
and testing programs are activated. On the basis of the diagnosis, the unit is taken to
the separated state, if a fault is detected, or into use automatically, if no fault is
detected.
If the spare unit is designated for only one active unit, the software in the spare unit is
kept synchronised so that taking it in use in fault situations (switchover) is very fast.
The spare unit can be said to be in hot standby. This redundancy principle is called
duplication, abbreviated "2N".
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Replaceable N+1 Redundancy
• Replacement (N+1) or (N+m)
• one or more units designated to be spare units for a group
• allocating resources to a unit defines it as active, not
allocating resources defines to be spare
• spare unit can replace any active unit in the group -> slower
switchover, requires warming (cold-standby)
• users responsibility to change the working state of the unit to
reflect the resource allocation situation and to leave at least
one spare unit
Active
Active
Stand-by
N+1 redundancy principle
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Replaceable N+1 / N+m Redundancy are used when there is just one or a few spare
units for a set of N units of a given type. The spare unit is not used by the
applications and is not permanently bound to one of the N active units, but can take
over the load of any one of them. When a command–initiated changeover for a
replaceable N+1 unit is performed, a pair is made up, the spare unit is warmed up to
the hot stand–by state, and changeover takes place without major interruptions.
When a unit is detected faulty, it is automatically replaced without interruptions to
other parts of the system.
For example:
N+1 in RNC: ICSU
N+1 in BSC: BCSU
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
SN+ Redundancy (Load Sharing)
SN+ (Load Sharing)
• no spare units, group acts as a resource pool
• number of units selected so that there is overcapacity
• if a few units are disabled, the whole group can still perform
its functions
Load
50%
Load
33%
Active
Active
Active
Active
33%
33%
Active
50%
0%
Fail
SN+ redundancy principle
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Load sharing (SN+) or Complementary N+1 Redundancy
A unit group can be allocated no spare unit at all if the group acts as a resource pool.
The number of units in the pool is selected so that there is a certain amount of extra
capacity. If a few units of the pool are disabled because of faults, the whole group
can still perform its designated functions. This redundancy principle is called load
sharing and abbreviated as 'SN+
For example:
SN+ in RNC: GTPU, A2SU, DMCU
SN+ in BSC: -
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Functional Unit Redundancy Principles
No redundancy
• no special requirements for reliability
No Redundancy is needed in cases where the redundancy of a unit would not
noticeably increase the overall availability performance of the unit type.
For example:
RNC: OMS
BSC: ET
The 2–Mbit/s exchange terminal (ET), where the probability of failure of the 2–
Mbit/s line is expected to be much greater than that of the exchange terminal
hardware.
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For example:
RNC: OMS
BSC: ET
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP 1+1)
Physical Layer Protection (MSP 1+1)
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MSP is the SDH name for the Multiplex Section Protection scheme, as defined in
ITU-T
recommendation G.783. In SONET, the equivalent term APS (Automatic Protection
Switching) is used instead. Throughout the rest of the document the term MSP is
used
for both SDH and SONET. In the basic MSP functionality, the service line is protected
using another line which is called the protection line: if an error occurs, for instance a
loss of signal (LOS), the protection mechanism switches over to the protection line.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Exercise
1. List 2 Network Elements use IPA2800 Platform
____________________________________
2. Fill in redundancy type to match description
Redundancy Type
Description
If a few units are disabled, the whole group can still
perform its functions
Spare unit can replace any active unit in the group
slower switchover
Software in the unit pair is kept synchronized
Fast switchover
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Mechanical Design
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RNC196
RNC450 and RNC2600
CPD80B Cabinet (H=1800mm)
CPD120A Cabinet (H=2100mm)
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Subracks
The subrack mechanics consist of a subrack frame, backplane, and front plate
forming electromagnetic shielding for electronics to fulfil EMC requirements.
The basic construction allows dividing a part of a subrack vertically into two slots with
optional guiding mechanics for the use of half-height plug-in units.
Plug-in unit
The RNC is constructed by using a total of approximately 11 plug-in unit types. The
basic mechanical elements of the plug-in units are PCB, connectors and front plate
mechanics. Front plate mechanics include insertion/extraction levers, fixing screws
and EMC gasket.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Connector panels
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External PDH lines are connected to the RNC cabinet using a back interface plug-in
unit which allows modular backplane connections. One back interface plug-in unit
supports one E1 plug-in unit. The back interface plug-in unit is installed in the same
row as the plug-in unit, but at the rear of the cabinet. There are two kinds of
connector panels available:
connector panel with RJ45 connectors for balanced E1/T1 line connection to/from the
cabinet
connector panel with SMB connectors for coaxial E1 line connection to/from the
cabinet
External timing requires a specific connector panel. PANEL 1 in the RNAC cabinet
provides the physical interface connectors
Picture on top:
Cabling cabinet IC183 installed next to IC186. Notice the balanced cabling between
rear transition cards and cabling cabinet patch panels.
Topmost patch panel in IC186 is CPSAL.
Picture on buttom:
BIE1C (SMB connectors) and BIE1T (RJ45 connectors) rear transition cards
installed to SRBI in rearside of cabinet.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Fan Tray (FTRA-B)
Control and alarm
Interface (rear cable)
Forced cooling for subracks (max power
dissipation per subrack 1,2kW)
M0
M1
FTRA-B is used with 2000mm cabinet
M2
M3
Fans are controlled and supervised by
HMS via fan control and supervision HWB
located in PD30
M4
M5
M6
M7
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2 x –48vdc
PD30
Plug-in unit
2 x CAN
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Acoustic noise emitted by one IPA2800 fully equipped cabinet is 67 dBA (Power
level) 61 dBA (pressure level) in normal conditions (4 FTR1 fantarys containing 32
fans). Acoustic noise increases by 3 dB per new cabinet. FTR1 meet the ETS 300753 requirements.
Expected lifetime L10(time when 10% of fans failed) ~8years (@+40 degree
Celsius).
Fantray replacement is possible in live system. Without the fantray live system will
overheat approx. in 5 minutes.
Faulty FTRA fantary replacement procedure:
-Remove front cable conduit if present (move cables carefully away)
-Unscrew the fantay from mounting flanges
-Unplug the control cable first from subrack side and secondly from fantray side.
-Extract the faulty fantary from cabinet and insert the spare fantray unit
-Plug the control cable first in fanray and secondly to the subrack side
-Screw the fantray to the cabinet flanges
-Install cable conduit and cables (if present)
-Faulty FTRA-A and FTRA-B replacement procedure:
-Remove fantray front grill and extract air filter
-Unplug the control cable from fantray side (rear side of cabinet)
-Open two thumb-screws behind the grill
-Lower and extract the fan assembly by openening the locking latches (drawer
assembly and cable conduit is still mounted to cabinet)
-Insert spare fan assembly and secure latches and thumb-screws
-Plug the control cable
-Insert new air filter and close the fantray front grill.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC196 and RNC450 Architecture
The network element consists of
the following parts:
•Network interface functions
•Switching and multiplexing functions
•Control plane functions
•User plane functions O&M functions
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The functions are distributed to a set of functional units capable of accomplishing a special
purpose. These are entities of hardware and software. The main functional units of the RNC
are listed below:
The control computers (ICSU and RSMU) consist of common hardware and system software
supplemented with function-specific software.
The AAL2 switching units (A2SU) perform AAL2 switching.
The Data and Macro Diversity Unit (DMCU) performs RNC-related user and control plane L1
and L2 functions.
The Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) performs basic system maintenance functions.
The O&M Server (OMS) is responsible for RNC element management tasks. The OMS has
hard disk units for program code and data.
The Magneto-Optical Disk Drive (FDU) is used for loading software locally to the RNC.
The Winchester Disk Unit (WDU) serves as a non-volatile memory for program code and data
for the OMU.
The Timing and Hardware Management Bus Unit (TBU) takes care of timing, synchronisation
and system maintenance functions.
The Network Interface Unit (NIU) STM-1/OC-3 (NIS1/NIS1P) provides STM-1 external
interfaces and the means to execute physical layer and ATM layer functionality.
Network interface and processing unit 2x1000Base-T/LX provides Ethernet external interfaces
and the means to execute physical layer and IP layer functionality.
The NIU PDH (NIP1) provides 2 Mbit/s / 1,5 Mbit/s (E1/T1) PDH external interfaces and the
means to execute physical layer and ATM layer functionality.
The GPRS Tunnelling Protocol Unit (GTPU) performs RNC-related Iu user plane functions
towards the SGSN.
The External Hardware Alarm Unit (EHU) receives external alarms and sends indications of
them as messages to the OMU-located external alarm handler through HMS. Its second
function is to drive the Lamp Panel (EXAU), the cabinet-integrated lamp and other possible
external equipment.
The Multiplexer Unit (MXU) and the Switching Fabric Unit (SFU) are required for switching
both circuit- and packet-switched data channels, for connecting signalling channels and for
the system's internal communication.
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Architecture
Some units from earlier releases
areno longer exist, because
– The functionalities are
embedded to other units, or
– The unit is no longer supported
The units are:
– GTPU, functionalities are
embedded to NPS1(P) and/or
NPGE(P)
– A2SU, functionalities are
embedded to NPS1(P)
– RRMU, functionalities are
distributed to ICSU and
OMU/RSMU
– NIS1(P), replaced with NPS1(P)
– NIP1, no more PDH interface
are supported
25
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The functions are distributed to a set of functional units capable of accomplishing a special
purpose.
These are entities of hardware and software. The main functional units of the RNC are listed
below.
The control computers (ICSU and RSMU) consist of common hardware and system software
supplemented with function-specific software.
The Data and Macro Diversity Unit (DMCU) performs RNC-related user and control plane L1
and L2 functions.
The Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) performs basic system maintenance functions.
The Operation and Maintenance Server (OMS) is responsible for RNC element management
tasks.
The OMS has hard disk units for program code and data.
From RU20/RN5.0, standalone OMS is recommended for new RNC2600 deliveries.
Both standalone and integrated OMS are supported in RU20/RN5.0 release.
The Winchester Disk Unit (WDU) serves as a non-volatile memory for program code and data.
The Timing and hardware management Bus Unit (TBU) takes care of timing, synchronisation
and system maintenance functions.
The Network interface and processing unit 8xSTM-1/OC-3 (NPS1/NPS1P) provides STM-1
external interfaces and the means to execute physical layer and ATM/AAL2 layer functionality.
It also terminates the GTP protocol layer in Iu-ps interface.
Network interface and processing unit 2x1000Base-T/LX (NPGE/NPGEP) provides Ethernet
external interfaces and the means to execute physical layer and IP layer functionality.
The External Hardware alarm Unit (EHU) receives external alarms and sends indications of
them as messages to the OMU located external alarm handler via HMS. Its second function is
to drive the lamp panel (EXAU), the cabinet-integrated lamp and possible other external
equipment.
The MultipleXer Unit (MXU) and the Switching Fabric Unit (SFU) are required for switching
both circuit and packet-switched data channels, for connecting signalling channels and for the
system's internal communication.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Functional Units in RU20
NIU - NPS1(P)
* Only unit in
RNC196 / RNC450
NIU - NPGE(P)
NIU - NIS1(P)*
NIU - NIP1*
RRMU
SFU
A2SU*
ICSU
MXU
MXU
DMCU
GTPU*
ICSU
RSMU
DMCU
SWU
OMU
TBU
OMS
EHU
HDD
26
© Nokia Siemens Networks
PDU
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
Availability performance calculations describe the system from the availability point
of view presenting availability
Availability performance values are calculated for the complete system, that is,
redundancy principles are taken into account
In reference to ITU-T Recommendation Q.541, intrinsic unavailability is the
unavailability of an exchange (or part of it) due to exchange (or unit) failure itself,
excluding the logistic delay time (for example, travel times, unavailability of spare
units, and so on) and planned outages
The results of the availability performance calculations for the complete system
are presented in the Predicted availability performance values.
Some units from earlier releases are no longer exist, because
The functionalities are embedded to other units, or
The unit is no longer supported
The units are:
GTPU, functionalities are embedded to NPS1(P) and/or NPGE(P)
A2SU, functionalities are embedded to NPS1(P)
RRMU, functionalities are distributed to ICSU and OMU/RSMU
NIS1(P), replaced with NPS1(P)
NIP1, no more PDH interface are supported
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
New Plug-in Units in RNC2600
CDSP-DH
SF20H
MX1G6-A
27
© Nokia Siemens Networks
NP2GE-B
NP8S1-B
RN33111EN20GLA1
The main function of the SF20H plug-in unit is to switch cells from input to output
ports. It has protocol-independent switching core of 80 Gbit/s, half of which is
reserved for routing and framing overhead (link speed-up). There are 32 ports of 3.9
Mcells/s ATM cell rate (corresponds to a user data rate of 1.65 Gbit/s).
The MX1G6-A is 1.6 Gbit/s ATM multiplexer plug-in unit. It multiplexes and
demultiplexes ATM cells and perform ATM layer and traffic management functions.
This enables connecting low speed units to the switching fabric and improve the use
of switching fabric port capacity by multiplexing traffic from up to twenty tributary
units to a single fabric port.
The NP8S1-B provides multiprotocol packet processing at wire speed and network
connectivity with eight optical synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) STM-1 or
synchronous optical network (SONET) OC-3 interfaces. The high processing power
of the network processor and the unit computer enable the NP8S1-B plug-in unit to
process protocol and data at the line interface unit (LIU) instead of the dedicated
processing units.
Similarly, the NP2GE-B provides multiprotocol packet processing at wire speed and
also offer the possibility of using both electrical (copper) and optical (fibre) based
Ethernet. It has two 1000Base-LX/T (optical or electrical) Gigabit interfaces.
interfaces in compliant with the IEEE802.3 specifications.
The configurable dynamic signal processing platform CDSP-DH plug-in unit function
as CDSP pool. Each CDSP-DH has 8 DSPs. The DSP cores are used in applications
that need digital signal processing including the outer loop power control and the
PDCP, RLC, MAC, MDC, FP and RTP/RTCP (on IP-based Iu-CS) protocols.
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Block Diagram and Plug-in Unit Variants for
RNC2600
FU/Product
PIU Variant
ICSU
Standalone
or Integrated
28
© Nokia Siemens Networks
CCP18-A
RSMU
CCP18-A
OMU
CCP18-A
DMCU
CDSP-DH
SFU
SF20H
MXU
MX1G6-A
SWU
ESA24
WDU
HDS-B 73G
OMS
(integrated)
MCP18-B
TBUF
TBUF
TSS3
TSS3
PDU
PD30
NPS1
NP8S1-B
NPGE
NP2GE-A
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Functional units (FU) and their functionalities:
ICSU (Interface Control and Signalling Unit)
Ssignalling to other network elements and distributed radio resource
management related tasks of the RNC.
RSMU (Resource and Switch Management Unit)
RNC's central resource management tasks such as connection control,
internal ATM/IP resource scheduling, DSP related resource management
tasks, call connection related functions.
OMU (Operation and Maintenance Unit)
Maintaining the radio network configuration and recovery, basic system
maintenance functions, interface to the OMS unit.
DMCU (Data and Macro Diversity Combining Unit)
RNC-related user and control plane functions in Frame Protocol (FP), Radio
Link Control (RLC), Medium Access Control (MAC)
SFU (Switching Fabric Unit)
ATM cell switching function supporting point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
connection topologies, as well as differentiated handling of various ATM
service categories.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
MXU (Multiplexer Unit)
Multiplex traffic from tributary units to the ATM switching fabric, ATM layer
processing functions such as policing, statistics, OAM, buffer management
and scheduling
SWU (Switching Unit) – Ethernet switch
WDU (Winchester Disk Unit) – system disk units for OMU
OMS (Operation and Maintenance Server) – RNC element
TBU (Timing and Hardware Management Bus Unit)
synchronisation, timing signal distribution and message transfer in the
Hardware Management System of a network element. The TBU functional
unit consists of 2 different plug-in units:
TBUF (Timing Buffer)
Receive the system clock from the TSS3's, buffer and transmit to the
backplane, basic hardware management functions such as alarm
supervision and the configuration of the plug-in unit.
TSS3 (Timing and Synchronization, SDH, Stratum 3)
Snchronize and deliver the timing signals to TBUF units, basic
hardware management functions such as alarm supervision and the
configuration of the plug-in unit.
PDU (Power Distribution Unit)
Power distribution and control the cooling equipment of its own subrack
NIU (Network Interface Unit) can be either NPS1 or NPGE:
NPS1 (Network Processor Interface Unit STM-1)
8x STM-1/OC-3 external interfacesATM layer functions such as
header translation, AAL2 mini-packet switching, UPC/NPC
parameter control, OAM functions, traffic management, performance
monitoring, and performance data collection, and part of the GTP
protocol termination for IuPS
NPGE (Network Processor Interface Unit Gigabit Ethernet)
2x1000Base-T/LX Gigabit Ethernet external interfaces, IP layer
functions such as header translation, traffic management,
performance monitoring, and performance data collection, and part
of the GTP protocol termination for IuPS
EHU (External Hardware alarm Unit)
Rreceive external alarms, drive the external lamp panel (EXAU), the cabinet
integrated lamp, and any other external equipment
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Functional Unit Removed from
Non-exist units Non-exist units
• Some units from earlier releases are no longer exist, because
– The functionalities are embedded to other units, or
– The unit is no longer supported
• The units are:
– GTPU, functionalities are embedded to NPS1(P) and/or NPGE(P)
– A2SU, functionalities are embedded to NPS1(P)
– RRMU, functionalities are distributed to ICSU and OMU/RSMU
– NIS1(P), replaced with NPS1(P)
– NIP1, no more PDH interface are supported
30
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30
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change in RU20 (RN5.0)
for RNC196/RNC450 and RNC2600
• Change of RNC196 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• Change of RNC450 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• Change of RNC2600 in RU20 (RN5.0)
31
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The RNC2600 has many improvements in RU20 which keep in line with current
network challenges but also maintain CAPEX and OPEX at minimum and increase
the RNC data throughput.
Flexi Multiradio RF module introduces industry leading RF integration level and the
smallest power consumption combined with flexible GSM-WCDMA-LTE site
evolution.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC196
in RU20 (RN5.0)
32
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32
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC196 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• Common Iub interface has been removed from RNC functionality
• Broadband interfaces has been updated
- Functional unit NPGE or NPGEP offers IP over Ethernet interfaces.
- NPGE or NPGEP is introduced with
RAN1225: IP Interface Upgrade for RNC196 and RNC450
• Connectivity rule has been updated
- CBR AAL2 Path VCC: PCR
- UBR+ AAL2 Path VCC: max( 0.1 * PCR, MDCR )
33
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Broadband interfaces
STM-1
Functional units, NIS1 or NIS1P offer ATM over SDH network interface. NIS1 has
MSP 1+1 protection possibility within one plug-in unit and NIS1P between plug-in
units.
Single plug-in unit type NI4S1-B is used by NIS1 and NIS1P. A plug-in unit contains
four SDH STM-1 (optical) interfaces.
OC-3
Functional units, NIS1 or NIS1P offer ATM network interface OC-3. APS 1+1
protection can be used with OC-3 interfaces. Single plug-in unit type NI4S1-B is used
by NIS1 and NIS1P. A plug-in unit contains four OC-3 IR-1 (optical) interfaces.
Gigabit Ethernet (GE)
Functional unit NPGE or NPGEP offers IP over Ethernet interfaces. NPGE or
NPGEP is introduced with RAN1225: IP Interface Upgrade for RNC196 and RNC450.
For detailed information, see the feature description. NPGEP supports 2N
redundancy.
Single plug-in unit type NP2GE-B is utilised by NPGE and NPGEP functional units. A
plug-in unit contains two GE (optical or electrical) interfaces.
Connectivity
The AAL2UP connectivity corresponds to the sum of AAL2 path sizes in Iub, Iur, and
Iu-CS connections. The limiting factor for the AAL2UP connectivity in steps 1...5 is
the A2SU capacity. For steps 6 and 7, the limiting factor is the physical interface
capacity, and the AAL2UP connectivity value is derived from the sum of STM-1
interface capacities. The AAL2UP connectivity is consumed as follows:
CBR AAL2 Path VCC: PCR
UBR+ AAL2 Path VCC: max( 0.1 * PCR, MDCR )
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC196 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• HSUPA and HSDPA peak rate information has been updated in CDSP-DH
upgrade for HSDPA peak rate per user
The RNC196 HSPA capacity
34
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
HSDPA traffic does not include soft handovers. HSUPA includes 40% soft handover
overhead in Iub.
*) On top of GTP-U layer.
HSPA traffic uses shared channel where the peak rate throughput is shared by all
users in the same cell. When the number of user's transmitting data simultaneously
increases, the average throughput per user decreases.
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC196 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• Table Capacity and reference call mix model has been updated
• NPS1/NPS1P interfaces has been added toRNC196 architecture
• RNC196 capacity step 8 information has been added toRNC 196 capacity
• New figure RNC configuration and plug-in locations in capacity step 8 has
been added.
35
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The actual number of subscribers in one RNC varies depending on how many of the
subscribers are in Soft Handover (SHO) state. The operator can affect this with radio
network planning, as well as handover and power control parameters. The actual
number of base stations controlled by one RNC varies depending on how the Iub is
configured.
The RNC capacity and the number of BTSs has to be calculated together with Radio
Network Planning. Transmission planning needs to be made according to match the
anticipated traffic mixes used in RNW planning.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC196 Capacity Steps
Capacity steps:
1. RNC196/48
2. RNC196/85
3. RNC196/122
4. RNC196/159
5. RNC196/196
6. RNC196/300 (RAS05.1)
7. RNC196/450 (RAS05.1)
8. RNC196/1000 (RU20)
• Step 6 is achieved by:
– Removing NIP1 and FDU.
– Replace HDS-A with HDS-B.
– Add more ICSU, GTPU, MXU and
A2SU.
– Add more NIS1(P).
• Step 7 is achieved by upgrade
computer units at step 6 to latest
version.
RNC196, 8 steps
36
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
RNC196/48M
The smallest capacity step, RNC196/48M includes the first cabinet and the plug-inunits
NIS1 and NIS1P share same unit locations and are mutually exclusive. If redundancy
is to be used, RNC196 can be configured to use NIS1 or NIS1P in case of STM1
ATM transport, and to NPGE or NPGEP in case of IP transport.
RNC196/85M to 196M
In capacity steps 2 to 5, the capacity is expanded by taking additional subracks 1 to 4
into use from the second cabinet.
RNC196/300M
The capacity of RNC196/196M is increased to 300Mbit/s (Iub) by removing some
units and replacing them with other functional units.
• NIP1 and FDU are removed. Optionally, one NIP1 can be left to the configuration.
• The FDU or the magneto-optical disk drive functionality is replaced by an external
USB memory stick supported with OMU. The external USB memory stick can be
used for transferring data to or from the RNC. The OMU unit must be upgraded with
another hardware variant (CCP18-A) that supports the USB interface.
• There are additional units for A2SU, ICSU, MXU, and GTPU.
• The number of NIS1/NIS1P units can be increased.
• The HDS-A plug-in-unit is replaced by another variant (HDS-B) that supports two
hard disk units in one card.
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC 196/1000M in RU20 (RN5.0)
The capacity of RNC196/450M is increased to 1000 Mbit/s (Iub) by removing
some units and replacing them with other functional unit:
• SF10 is removed and replaced with SF10E.
• NIS1, A2SU are removed and replaced with NPS1.
• GTPU is removed and re-configured as ICSU.
• Eight more CDSP-DH units are configured.
37
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The table below defines the minimum hardware requirements that must be fulfilled in
the RNC196/196M before upgrading to RNC196/300M. Separate unit upgrade
packages are available if the requirements are not met.
RNC196/450M
The RNC196/450M includes the same number of units as the RNC196/300, but the
minimum hardware requirements for the units are different. The following table
defines the minimum hardware requirements for RNC196/450M. Separate unit
upgrade packages are available if the requirements are not met.
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Traffic Flow
GTP termination in NIU
• NIU, NPGE(P) or NPS1(P), covers GTPU functionalities in
RNC2600, that is termination of UDP/IP protocol in Iu-PS
interface.
DMPG
NPS1
3G-SGSN
GTP appl.
GTP’
GTP’
GTP
GTP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
SNAP
SNAP
LLC
LLC
AAL5
AAL5
AAL5
AAL5
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
DMPG
NPGE
3G-SGSN
GTP appl.
GTP’
38
© Nokia Siemens Networks
GTP’
GTP
GTP
UDP
UDP
AAL5
AAL5
IP
IP
ATM
ATM
GE
GE
RN33111EN20GLA1
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38
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC196 Capacity Figure
RNC196
196/48
196/85
196/122
196/159
196/196
196/300
196/
450
196
/1000
Number of subscribers
59000
122000
181000
240000
300000
300000
360000
1000000
BHCA
52000
108000
160000
216000
272000
272000
320000
1000000
1300
2700
4000
5400
6800
6800
8000
20000
48
85
122
159
196
300
450
1000
Number of carriers
384
576
768
960
1152
1152
1152
1800
Number of BTSs
170
256
340
420
512
512
512
600
AAL2UP connectivity
Mbit/s (AL2S-D)
950
1450
1950
2400
2800
3594
3594
-
AAL2UP connectivity
Mbit/s (NP8S1B)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5100
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
100000
100000
HSDPA on IuPS Mbit/s
43
94
109
140
176
270
405
900
HSUPA on IuPS Mbit/s
13
23
32
42
53
81
122
270
Erlangs
Iub throughput Mbit/s
RRC connected mode
users
Number of HSDPA
carriers
384
576
768
960
1152
1152
1152
1800
Number of HSDPA BTSs
170
256
340
420
512
512
512
900
Note: Capacity and reference call mix model
39
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
In case RAN1754: HSPA optimized configuration is used, the maximum possible
R99 data capacity is 67% from the maximum throughput of the configuration defined
in Table Capacity and reference call mix model.
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC196 Interface Capacity
STM-1 / OC-3
E1 / T1
Gigabit Ethernet
RNC196/
40
Unprotected
Protected
Unprotected
Unprotected
Protected
48
24
16 + 16
64
8
4+4
85
24
16 + 16
96
10
5+5
122
24
16 + 16
128
12
6+6
156
24
16 + 16
160
14
7+7
196
24
16 + 16
192
16
8+8
300
24
24 + 24
16
16
8+8
450
24
24 + 24
16
16
8+8
1000
24
24 + 24
16
16
8+8
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
Mixing STM-1/OC-3, E1/T1, and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces is possible, but the
number of cards and interfaces are reduced due to limited number of available slots
in the subracks.
RN33111EN20GLA0
40
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC450
in RU20 (RN5.0)
41
© Nokia Siemens Networks
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41
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC450 in RU20 (RN5.0)
•Common Iub interface has been removed from RNC functionality
• Broadband interfaces has been updated
- Functional unit NPGE or NPGEP offers IP over Ethernet interfaces.
- NPGE or NPGEP is introduced with
RAN1225: IP Interface Upgrade for RNC196 and RNC450
• Connectivity rule has been updated
- CBR AAL2 Path VCC: PCR
- UBR+ AAL2 Path VCC: max( 0.1 * PCR, MDCR )
42
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Broadband interfaces
STM-1
Functional units, NIS1 or NIS1P offer ATM over SDH network interface. NIS1 has
MSP 1+1 protection possibility within one plug-in unit and NIS1P between plug-in
units.
Single plug-in unit type NI4S1-B is used by NIS1 and NIS1P. A plug-in unit contains
four SDH STM-1 (optical) interfaces.
OC-3
Functional units, NIS1 or NIS1P offer ATM network interface OC-3. APS 1+1
protection can be used with OC-3 interfaces. Single plug-in unit type NI4S1-B is used
by NIS1 and NIS1P. A plug-in unit contains four OC-3 IR-1 (optical) interfaces.
Gigabit Ethernet (GE)
Functional unit NPGE or NPGEP offers IP over Ethernet interfaces. NPGE or
NPGEP is introduced with RAN1225: IP Interface Upgrade for RNC196 and
RNC450.
For detailed information, see the feature description. NPGEP supports 2N
redundancy.
Single plug-in unit type NP2GE-B is utilised by NPGE and NPGEP functional units. A
plug-in unit contains two GE (optical or electrical) interfaces.
Connectivity
The AAL2UP connectivity corresponds to the sum of AAL2 path sizes in Iub, Iur, and
Iu-CS connections. The limiting factor for the AAL2UP connectivity in steps 1...5 is
the A2SU capacity. For steps 6 and 7, the limiting factor is the physical interface
capacity, and the AAL2UP connectivity value is derived from the sum of STM-1
interface capacities. The AAL2UP connectivity is consumed as follows:
CBR AAL2 Path VCC: PCR
UBR+ AAL2 Path VCC: max( 0.1 * PCR, MDCR )
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC450 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• HSUPA and HSDPA peak rate information has been updated in CDSP-DH
upgrade for HSDPA peak rate per user
The RNC450 HSPA capacity
43
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RN33111EN20GLA1
*) 10M is for CDSP-C, 21 for CDSP-DH, CDSP-DH upgrade is an optional upgrade
HSDPA traffic does not include soft handovers. HSUPA includes 40% soft handover
overhead in Iub.
1) On top of GTP-U layer.
HSPA traffic uses shared channel where the peak rate throughput is shared by all
users in the same cell. When the number of user's transmitting data simultaneously
increases, the average throughput per user decreases.
RN33111EN20GLA0
43
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC450 Configuration Steps
2
Configuration steps:
1.RNC450/150
2.RNC450/300
3.RNC450/450
• 3 basic capacity option
and 6 carrier-optimised option.
1
3
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RNC450/150
The smallest capacity step, RNC150 includes the first cabinet and the plug-in-units
RNC450/300
Expanded capacity to 300 Mbits/s, the RNC can be obtained by adding another
cabinet and the necessary plug-in units and connecting internal cabling between the
cabinets.
RNC450/450
Expanded capacity to 450 Mbits/s, the RNC can be obtained by adding the
necessary plug-in units into two subracks.
Note: NIS1 and NIS1P share same unit locations and are mutually exclusive.
If redundancy is to be used, RNC196 can be configured to use NIS1 or NIS1P in
case of STM1 ATM transport, and to NPGE or NPGEP in case of IP transport.
Reference: DN0628405 : RNC capacity extensions and upgrade
RN33111EN20GLA0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC450 Capacity Basic Option
RNC450/150
RNC450/300
RNC450/450
Number of subscriber
181000
284000
360000
BHCA
240000
375000
576000
8000
Erlangs
4000
6250
Iub throughput Mbps
150
300
450
Number of carriers
600
900
1152
Number of BTS
200
300
512
AAL2UP connectivity Mbit/s
1950
2800
3594
RRC connected mode users
35000
70000
100000
HSDPA on IuPS Mbps
135
270
405
HSUPA on IuPS Mbps
41
81
122
Number of HSDPA carries
600
900
1152
Number of HSDPA BTS
200
300
512
Note: Capacities with NSN traffic mix model
45
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The capacities of carrier-optimized configurations is given in RNC450 carrieroptimized configurations.
The actual number of the subscribers in one RNC varies depending on how many of
the subscribers are in Soft Handover (SHO) state. You can affect this with radio
network planning, as well as handover and power control parameters. The actual
number of base stations controlled by one RNC varies depending on how the Iub is
configured.
The RNC capacity and the number of BTSs should be calculated together with radio
network planning. Transmission planning needs to be made accordingly to match the
anticipated traffic mixes used in RNW planning.
HSPA capacity figures
RN33111EN20GLA0
45
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC450 Capacity Figure Carrier Optimised
RNC450/150
Carrier opt1
RNC450/150
Carrier opt2
RNC450/150
Carrier opt3
RNC450/150
Carrier opt4
RNC450/300
Carrier opt
RNC450/450
Carrier opt
Number of subscriber
181000
181000
181000
181000
309000
454000
Busy Hour Call Attempt
240000
240000
240000
240000
408000
720000
4000
4000
4000
4000
6800
10000
Iub throughput Mbps
135
105
80
50
180
250
Number of carriers
660
720
780
840
1200
1800
Number of BTS
Erlangs
220
240
260
280
400
600
AAL2UP connectivity
Mbit/s
1950
1950
1950
1950
2800
3594
RRC connected mode
users
35000
35000
35000
35000
75000
100000
HSDPA on IuPS Mbps
122
95
72
45
163
227
HSUPA on IuPS Mbps
36
28
21
13
49
67
Number of HSDPA
carries
660
720
780
840
1200
1800
Number of HSDPA BTSs
220
240
260
280
400
600
Note: Capacities with NSN traffic mix model
46
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
RNC450 carrier-optimized configurations
RNC450 supports the carrier connectivity optimization functionality that can be used
to increase the number of carriers by decreasing the Iub throughput at the same
time. Also the AMR capacity is increased in some of the carrier-optimized
configurations.
The carrier-optimized configuration is activated by altering the HSDPA configuration
values. For detailed information, see Activating Basic HSDPA with QPSK and 5
codes.
RAN1754: HSPA optimized configuration is not supported in carrier optimized
configurations.
RN33111EN20GLA0
46
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC450 Interface Capacity
STM-1 / OC-3
E1 / T1
Gigabit Ethernet
RNC450
47
Unprotected
Protected
Unprotected
Unprotected
Protected
150
16
8+8
or 12 + 12
(if no E1/T1)
16
8
4+4
300
24
16 + 16
or 20 + 20
(if no E1/T1)
16
12
6+6
450
24
24 + 24
16
16
8+8
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
Mixing STM-1/OC-3 and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces is possible, but the number of
cards and interfaces are reduced due to limited number of available slots in the
subracks.
RN33111EN20GLA0
47
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC2600
in RU20 (RN5.0)
48
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
48
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change of RNC2600 in RU20 (RN5.0)
• New standalone OMS in RNC2600 architecture
• Number of recommended BTSs has been updated to 1600 BTSs
• Values in BHCA calculation have been updated
BHCA = AMR (Erl) / MHT * 3600
MHT used in the formula is 90s according to NSN traffic profile
• Capacity related updates throughout RNC2600 capacity
49
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
Recommended up to 1600 BTSs
The actual number of subscribers in one RNC varies depending on how many of the
subscribers are in Soft Handover (SHO) state. The operator can affect this with radio
network planning as well as handover and power control parameters. The actual
number of base stations controlled by one RNC varies depending on how the Iub is
configured.
The RNC capacity and the number of BTSs should be calculated together with Radio
Network Planning. Transmission planning needs to be made accordingly to match
the anticipated traffic mixes used in Radio Network (RNW) planning.
RN33111EN20GLA0
49
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Configuration Steps
2
Configuration steps:
1. RNC2600/step1
2. RNC2600/step2
3. RNC2600/step3
Capacity is licensed
• Iub PS data throughput (Mbit/s)
• AMR capacity (Erl)
1
•
Number of carriers
3
50
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
configuration step.
RNC2600/step 1
The smallest configuration step RNC2600/step 1 includes the first cabinet and the
plug- in-units.
Note that NPS1 and NPS1P / NPGE and NPGEP are mutually exclusive.
RNC2600/step 2
Configuration extension to RNC2600/step 2 can be obtained by adding the new
cabinet, necessary plug-in units.
There are more reserved slots for NPGE(P) and NPS1 units than can be installed at
the same time - the combined maximum is 14.
RNC2600/step 3
Configuration extension to RNC2600/step 3 can be obtained by adding the
necessary plug-in units into two sub-racks
There is a restriction on a number of NPS1 and NPGE.
There is a total of 28 slots and 16 SFU ports available:
1 NPS1 occupies 2 slots and 1 SFU port
1 NPGE occupies 1 slot and 1 SFU port
As a result, you cannot exceed either of the available slots or SFU ports.
For PIU detail please check DN70474741 : RNC Capacity extension and upgrade
RN33111EN20GLA0
50
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Capacity
RNC2600 step 1
RNC2600 step 2
RNC2600 step 3
Number of subscribers
680 000
1 360 000
2 000 000
BHCA (CS)
680 000
1 360 000
2 000 000
CS Erlangs
17 000
34 000
50 000
CS Erlangs (including softhandover)
23 800
47 600
70 000
BHCA (PS)
800 000
1 400 000
2 000 000
DL Iub throughput Mbit/s
1 100
1 800
2 500
DL + UL Iub throughput Mbit/s
1540
2520
3500
Number of carriers
1 440
2 100
2 800
Number of BTSs
1 440
2 100
2 800
100 000
152 000
200 000
Iu-PS HSDPA net bit rate [Mbit/s]
990
1 980
2 250
Iu-PS HSUPA net bit rate [Mbit/s]
297
594
675
HSDPA carriers
1 440
2 100
2 800
HSDPA BTSs
1 440
2 100
2 800
RRC connected mode subscribers
Note: Capacities and reference call mix model
51
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
Recommended up to 1600 BTSs
Iub throughput is the traffic in downlink direction defined in FP level. Additionally,
30% PS traffic in the uplink direction is supported. For Rel99, throughput is
calculated in the Iub interface and the Soft Handover (SHO) (40%) are included. For
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), throughput is calculated in the Iu-PS
interface from the effective High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
throughput where the SHO is excluded. This means that in the case of HSUPA, if the
SHO is added on top of the 30%, and the actual HSUPA throughput in the Iub
including the SHO is more than 30% (= 30% * (1+ 40%)).
Maximum number of simultaneous HSDPA users in Cell_DCH state
RN33111EN20GLA0
51
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Traffic Flow
DSP pool configuration
• RNC2600 use CDSP-DH only
– Two powerful DSPs on each DMPG
• CCH DSPs process CCH for cells
• non-CCH DSPs process R99 DCH and HSPA
DMCU
DMPG
DMPG
PPC
PPC
nonCCH
CCH
CCH
DMPG
DMPG
PPC
PPC
nonCCH
52
© Nokia Siemens Networks
nonCCH
nonCCH
nonCCH
nonCCH
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
52
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Traffic Flow AAL2 switching in NPS1(P)
Old NE
AAL2 VCC
NIS1(P)
or
NIP1
AAL2 VCC
NCID
A2SU
1CID
DMPG
1CID
A2SU
NCID
NIS1(P)
Iu-CS/Iur
-ATM
Iub ATM
RNC2600
AAL2 VCC
Iub ATM
53
© Nokia Siemens Networks
NPS1(P)
1CID
1CID
DMPG
AAL2 VCC
NPS1(P)
Iu-CS/Iur
-ATM
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
53
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC2600 Interface Capacity
STM-1 / OC-3
Gigabit Ethernet
RNC2600
54
Unprotected
Protected
Unprotected
Protected
Step 1
48
24 + 24
16
8+8
Step 2
80
40 + 40
24
12 + 12
Step 3
112
56 + 56
32
16 + 16
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
This table shows the maximum number of STM-1/OC-3 and Gigabit Ethernet
interfaces possible in the RNC. Both protected and non-protected numbers are
shown. Note that mixing STM-1/OC-3 and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces is possible, but
the number of cards, and hence the number of interfaces are reduced due to limited
number of available slots in the subracks.
RN33111EN20GLA0
54
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
General Protocol Model
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
Control Plane
User Plane
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
ALCAP(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Physical Layer
55
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows general model for protocols in the UTRAN interfaces Iub, Iur, IuCS and Iu-PS. In each interface there are two options of transport technology: ATM,
and IP over Ethernet. Additionally, an option to use IP over ATM is supported for
signalling in Iu-CS and Iu-PS.
Protocols can be divided into two layers:
Radio Network Layer –protocols handling UTRAN functionalities. The
protocols used in an interface are the same regardless of the choice of
transport technology used: ATM or IP.
Transport Network Layer – protocols handling the actual transmission of
data or signalling over the interface. The detail of protocols is specific to a
particular transport technology used.
Protocols can be divided into three planes according to the type of information:
Control Plane – for signalling purpose between network elements.
User Plane – for user data.
Transport Network Control Plane – this plane only exists when the ATM
option is used and user data is carried in AAL2. It is used to dynamically
configure AAL2 channels for user plane traffic.
The control plane and the user plane, in turn, rely the transport network user plane
inside the transport network layer as their bearers.
RN33111EN20GLA0
55
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ATM-based
option
Protocols in the CS User Plane
Iub
Uu
Iu
CS
application
CS application
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
FP
AAL2
WCDMA
L1
PHY
56
UDP
AAL2
IPv4
ATM
UDP
Ethernet-MAC
AAL2
Ethernet-Phy
IPv4
ATM
RTP
PHY
AAL2
IPv4
Ethernet-MAC
Ethernet-Phy
WBTS
© Nokia Siemens Networks
Iu-UP protocol
FP
UDP
WCDMA
L1
UE
Iu-UP protocol
ATM
Ethernet-MAC
PHY
Ethernet-Phy
RTP
UDP
IPv4
ATM
PHY
RNC
Ethernet-MAC
Ethernet-Phy
MGW
RN33111EN20GLA1
The figure illustrates protocols used in carrying user plane circuit switched traffic. Both ATM and
IP options are shown for Iub and Iu interfaces.
3GPP Release 5 introduces IP transport option as an alternative to ATM transport. Due to the
layered structure of the UMTS protocol architecture, the impact on the Radio Network Layer is
minimal. However, there is a deep change in the architecture of the transport, in terms of
protocols, functionality and network configuration.
Since RN4.0, IP based Iu-CS is an option to ATM based transport, and both can be supported
simultaneously in RNC. For Iub, there are two features supported: IP based Iub and Dual Iub.
Dual Iub feature is different from IP Based Iub in a sense that there are transport bearers over
the ATM and IP towards one BTS.
IP based Iu-CS is implemented by Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP), which are carried on top of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and IP. RTP/RTCP
protocol provides end-to-end delivery services for data with real-time characteristics, e.g.
interactive audio. RTP/RTCP was developed by IETF to overcome the shortcomings of IP
network, such as packet loss, reordering and delay. RTP itself does not provide any
mechanisms to ensure timely delivery or other Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees, but relies
on lower layer services to do that.
In Iub, the frame protocol (FP) user data is carried over UDP over IP on top of Ethernet.
Abbreviations
WCDMA – Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
AAL2 – ATM (Asynchronous Transport Mode) Adaptation Layer 2
RLC – Radio Link Control
MAC – Medium Access Control
PHY – Physical layer
FP – Frame Protocol
RTP – Real-Time transport Protocol
UDP – User Datagram Protocol
RN33111EN20GLA0
56
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ATM-based
option
Protocols in the PS User Plane
Iub
Uu
Iu
Gn
PS
application
IP
IP
PDCP
PDCP
RLC
RLC
MAC
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTPU
GTPU
MAC
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
FP
IP
IP
FP
AAL2
WCDMA
L1
WCDM
A L1
ATM
PHY
UE
UDP
AAL2
Ethernet-MAC
Ethernet-Phy
UDP
ATM
Ethernet
-MAC
PHY
Ethernet-MAC
ATM
Ethernet-Phy
PHY
WBTS
IP
Ethernet
-MAC
Link
Layer
Link
Layer
Ethernet
-Phy
PHY
PHY
AAL5
AAL5
IPv4
IPv4
IP
Ethernet
-Phy
ATM
PHY
RNC
3GSGSN
PHY
CN GGSN
IP-based
option
57
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The figure illustrates protocols used in carrying user plane packet switched traffic. Both ATM and
IP options are shown for Iub and Iu interfaces.
The feature IP Based Iu-PS enables the use of cost-efficient IP-over-Ethernet transport at the
Iu-PS interface in accordance with the 3GPP release 5 and later specifications.
The RNC supports both Ethernet and ATM-based protocol stacks at the Iu-PS interface. In other
words, the connection to a certain serving GPRS support node (SGSN) can be based on either
Ethernet or ATM transport.
For Iub, it is the same as CS user plane figure.
In the picture, Release 99 PS data is shown. For HSDPA and HSUPA, additional MAC layers in
RNC, WBTS and UE exist.
Abbreviations
PDCP – Packet Data Convergence Protocol
GTP-U – GPRS (General Packet Radio System) Tunnelling Protocol for the user plane
UDP – User Datagram Protocol
IP – Internet Protocol
AAL5 – ATM Adaptation Layer 5
RN33111EN20GLA0
57
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ATM-based
option
Protocols in the UE Control Plane
Uu
Iub
Iu
NAS
NAS
RRC
RRC
RANAP
RANAP
RLC
RLC
SCCP
SCCP
MAC
MAC
UDP
AAL2
UE
WCDM
A L1
M3UA
MTP3b
M3UA
SSCF-NNI
SCTP
SSCF-NNI
SCTP
SSCOP
IP
SSCOP
IP
FP
FP
WCDM
A L1
MTP3b
AAL2
UDP
AAL5
AAL5
ATM
Ethernet-MAC
ATM
Ethernet-MAC
PHY
Ethernet-Phy
PHY
Ethernet-Phy
AAL5
AAL5
ATM
ATM
PHY
PHY
Ethernet
-MAC
IPv4
IPv4
ATM
ATM
PHY
PHY
WBTS
Ethernet
-Phy
RNC
Ethernet
-MAC
Ethernet
-Phy
CN
IP-based
option
58
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The figure illustrates protocols used in carrying signalling between UE and the network mobile.
Signalling between UE and RNC is handled by RRC protocol while signalling between UE and
CN is handled by various NAS protocols such as Connection Management (CM), Supplementary
Service (SS), etc. Signalling between RNC and CN is handled by RANAP protocol.
IP-based control plane at the Iu-PS, Iu-CS, and Iur (to be shown in the next figure) supports the
evolution of the mobile core network towards an all-IP network. This feature is introduced as an
option to the current ATM-based control plane transport architecture.
The message-oriented and reliable SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is a new
alternative to the unreliable UDP and the reliable but slow TCP protocol. SCTP is described in
IETF RFC 3286.
M3UA (MTP3 User Adaptation) protocol supports transport of SCCP messages over IP using
the services of SCTP. M3UA is described in IETF RFC 3286.
Abbreviations
NAS – Non Access Stratum
RANAP – Radio Access Network Application Protocol
RRC – Radio Resource Control
SCCP – Signalling Control Connection Part
MTP3b – Message Transfer Part Layer 3 broadband
SSCF-NNI – Service Specific Coordination Function – Network-to-Network Interface
SSCOP – Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
RN33111EN20GLA0
58
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ATM-based
option
Protocols in the Iub and Iur Control Plane
Iub
Iur
NBAP
NBAP
SSCF-UNI
SCTP
SSCOP
IPv4
SSCF-UNI
SSCOP
IPv4
AAL5
AAL5
Ethernet-Phy
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3b
PHY
M3UA
SSCF-NNI
SCTP
SSCOP
IPv4
SSCOP
IPv4
AAL5
Ethernet
-MAC
PHY
Ethernet
-MAC
ATM
Ethernet
-Phy
D-RNC
WBTS
M3UA
SCTP
ATM
Ethernet
-Phy
MTP3b
SSCF-NNI
AAL5
ATM
ATM
RNSAP
Ethernet
-MAC
Ethernet
-MAC
PHY
SCTP
RNSAP
PHY
Ethernet
-Phy
S-RNC
IP-based
option
59
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
The figure illustrates protocols used in the control plane of Iub and Iur protocol.
Abbreviations
RNSAP – Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
NBAP – NodeB Application Part
SCCF-UNI – Service Specific Coordination Function – User-to-Network Interface
RN33111EN20GLA0
59
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
User Data and Signalling
Flow in RNC
60
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
60
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Permanent Signalling Links Traffic Flow
ATM
Iub/Iu/Iur
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
IP
Iub/Iu/Iur
MXU
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
Standalone or Integrated
61
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows traffic flow for permanent signalling links on different type of Iub
interface, ATM based and IP based.
Permanent signalling links external VCCs to/from ATM based Iub are
originated/terminated in NPS1(P).
Permanent signalling links IP connections to/from IP based Iub are
originated/terminated in NPGE(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
61
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Common Control Channel Traffic Flow
ATM Iub
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
IP Iub
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
62
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows traffic flow for common control channel on different type of Iub
interface, ATM based and IP based. RACH (Random Access Channel) and FACH
(Forward Access Channel) are the transport channels used to carry common control
channel in uplink and downlink direction, respectively.
Common control channel external VCCs to/from ATM based Iub are
originated/terminated in NPS1(P). AAL2 switching this type of traffic is also done in
NPS1(P).
Common control channel IP connections to/from IP based Iub are
originated/terminated in NPGE(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
62
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Dedicated Control Channel Traffic Flow
ATM Iub
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
IP Iub
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
63
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows traffic flow for dedicated control channel on different type of Iub
interface, ATM based and IP based. It is carried by the transport channel DCH
(Dedicated Channel).
Dedicated control channel external VCCs to/from ATM based Iub are
originated/terminated in NPS1(P). AAL2 switching this type of traffic is also done in
NPS1(P).
Dedicated control channel IP connections to/from IP based Iub are
originated/terminated in NPGE(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
63
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
CS User Data Traffic Flow
ATM Iub
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
IP Iu-CS
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
MXU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
64
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows CS user data flow involving ATM based Iub and IP based Iu-CS.
DCH is used and AAL2 switching of traffic is done in NPS1(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
64
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
PS User Data over DCH
ATM Iub
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
IP Iu-CS
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
MXU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
65
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows PS user data flow involving ATM based Iub and IP based Iu-PS.
DCH is used to carry user data. The GTP termination for Iu-PS connection is
performed in NPGE(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
65
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
PS User Data over FACH/RACH
ATM Iub
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
IP Iu-CS
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
MXU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
66
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows PS user data flow involving ATM based Iub and IP based Iu-PS.
FACH and RACH are used to carry user data for uplink and downlink, respectively.
The GTP termination for Iu-PS connection is performed in NPGE(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
66
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
HSPA User Data
ATM Iub
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
IP Iu-CS
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
ICSU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
MXU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
67
© Nokia Siemens Networks
WDU
RN33111EN20GLA1
The picture shows PS user data flow involving ATM based Iub and IP based Iu-PS.
HS-DSCH (high-speed downlink shared channel) and E-DCH (enhanced dedicated
channel) are the transport channels used to carry traffic in downlink and uplink,
respectively. The GTP termination for Iu-PS connection is performed in NPGE(P).
RN33111EN20GLA0
67
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Review of RNC Architecture and Interfaces
•
•
•
•
•
•
68
UMTS Networks and NSN RNC Overview
RNC2600
RNC196 and RNC450
RNC Protocol and Transport Options
Traffic Flow Examples
Review Questions
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
68
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Review Questions
1. Describe the role of functional units:
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
RSMU
ICSU
DMCU
OMU
MXU
SFU
2. Explain the difference between NIS1 and NPS1.
3. List all the configuration steps of RNC2600 and the
number of cabinets and subracks equipped with
plug-in units.
69
© Nokia Siemens Networks
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
69
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Review Questions
4. Fill in the missing protocol names in CS domain.
ATM-based IP-based
option
option
CS
applicatio
n
CS application
Iu-UP protocol
MAC
FP
UDP
WCDMA
L1
WCDM
A L1
IPv4
ATM
PHY
UE
70
Uu
© Nokia Siemens Networks
ATM
Ethernet-MAC
PHY
Ethernet-Phy
Iub
WBTS
AAL2
UDP
IPv4
Ethernet-MAC
Ethernet-Phy
ATM
PHY
RNC
IPv4
UDP
IPv4
ATM
Ethernet-MAC
PHY
Ethernet-Phy
Iu
Ethernet-MAC
Ethernet-Phy
MGW
RN33111EN20GLA1
RN33111EN20GLA0
70
RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Review Questions
5. Draw the flow of PS data over HSPA through the RNC.
Assume that both IP-based Iub and Iu-PS are used.
ICSU
NIU - NPS1(P)
MXU
DMCU
NIU - NPGE(P)
SFU
MXU
RSMU
SWU
MXU
ICSU
DMCU
OMU
OMS
HDD
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WDU
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Functional Units
This is optional module
In case participant has not attend RNC Architecture e-learning or IPA2800 platform
following slides should be cover training
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Functional Units in RU20
NIU - NPS1(P)
* Only unit in
RNC196 / RNC450
NIU - NPGE(P)
NIU - NIS1(P)*
NIU - NIP1*
RRMU
SFU
A2SU*
ICSU
MXU
MXU
DMCU
GTPU*
ICSU
RSMU
DMCU
SWU
OMU
TBU
OMS
EHU
HDD
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PDU
WDU
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Availability performance calculations describe the system from the availability point
of view presenting availability
Availability performance values are calculated for the complete system, that is,
redundancy principles are taken into account
In reference to ITU-T Recommendation Q.541, intrinsic unavailability is the
unavailability of an exchange (or part of it) due to exchange (or unit) failure itself,
excluding the logistic delay time (for example, travel times, unavailability of spare
units, and so on) and planned outages
The results of the availability performance calculations for the complete system
are presented in the Predicted availability performance values.
Some units from earlier releases are no longer exist, because
The functionalities are embedded to other units, or
The unit is no longer supported
The units are:
GTPU, functionalities are embedded to NPS1(P) and/or NPGE(P)
A2SU, functionalities are embedded to NPS1(P)
RRMU, functionalities are distributed to ICSU and OMU/RSMU
NIS1(P), replaced with NPS1(P)
NIP1, no more PDH interface are supported
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Units Redundancy Type
Functional Unit
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Redundancy principle
DMCU
SN+
EHU
None
ICSU
N+1
MXU
2N
OMS
None
OMU
2N
RSMU
2N
SFU
2N
TBU
2N
WDU
2N
OMS HDD
2N
NPS1
None
NPGE
None
NPS1P
2N (MSP 1+1 / APS 1+1)
NPGEP
2N
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Duplication (2N)
If the spare unit is designated for only one active unit, the software in the spare unit
is kept synchronised so that taking it in use in fault situations (switchover) is very
fast. The spare unit can be said to be in hot stand-by. This redundancy principle is
called duplication, abbreviated "2N".
Replacement (N+1)
For less strict reliability requirements, one or more spare units may also be
designated to a group of functional units. One spare unit can replace any unit in the
group. In this case, the execution of the switchover is a bit slower, because of the
spare unit synchronisation (warming) is performed as a part of the switchover
procedure. The spare unit is in cold stand-by. This redundancy principle is called
replacement, abbreviated "N+1".
Load sharing (SN+)
A unit group may be allocated no spare unit at all, if the group acts as a resource
pool. The number of units in the pool is selected so that there is a certain amount of
extra capacity. If a few units of the pool are disabled because of faults, the whole
group can still perform its designated functions. This redundancy principle is called
load sharing, abbreviated "SN+".
None
Some functional units have no redundancy at all. This is because a failure in them
does not prevent the function or cause any drop in the capacity.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
SFU: Switching Fabric Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Serves as the main switch fabric of the exchange.
• Provides redundant, fully accessible and non-blocking connection at ATM
level.
• Supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connection topologies.
• Handles various ATM service categories.
Type:
Redundancy:
Plug-in unit:
Interfaces:
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Switching Fabric
2N
SF10, SF10E and SF20H
Network Interfaces
Low bit-rate network interface and control computer
(via MXU)
OMU from the unit computer of SFU via MXU
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Switching Fabric Unit (SFU)
The Switching Fabric Unit (SFU) provides a part of the ATM cell switching function.
It provides redundancy, full accessibility and is non-blocking at ATM connection level
(that is, if input and output capacity is available, the connection can be established).
SFU supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connection topologies, as well as
differentiated handling of various ATM service categories.
High capacity network interface units and multiplexer units are connected to the 2N
redundant SFU.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
SFU: Switching Fabric Unit (2/2)
SF10
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SF10E
SF20H
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SF10
The main function of the SF10 plug-in unit is to switch ATM cells from 16 input ports
to 16 output ports. The cell switching uses self-routing where the cell is forwarded by
hardware to the target output port based on the given output port address. The
correct cell sequence at the output port is guaranteed. The switching fabric supports
spatial multicasting.
The total switching capacity of SF10 is 10 Gbit/s with 16x16 switching fabric port
interfaces capacity of each is 622 Mbit/s. Port interfaces are duplicated for redundant
multiplexer units and redundant network interface units. The active input is selected
inside the SF10
SF10E
The main function of the SF10E (C110899) plug-in unit is to switch cells from input to
output ports. Within the SF10E switching is protocol independent, meaning that
before the cells are sent to the fabric they are encapsulated inside a special fabric
frame. In the case of APC based legacy port cards, the cells are always ATM cells,
but network processor based units (such as MX1G6) are able to process any
protocol.
SF20H
The main function of the SF20H plug-in unit is to switch cells from input to output
ports. Within the SF20H, switching is protocol independent. This means that before
the cells are sent to the fabric, they are encapsulated inside a special fabric frame.
With a total of 32 ports, the SF20H provides a 2.5 Gbit/s serial switching fabric
interface (SFPIF2G5). Several SFPIF2G5 ports can be combined for higher capacity
ports
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
MXU: Multiplexer Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Enable connection of the low-to-medium bit-rate signal processing units
and computer units, as well as low-bit-rate network interface units, to the
ATM switch fabric
• Multiplexes/de-multiplexes traffic from tributary units to the ATM switching
fabric vice versa.
• ATM layer functions such as header translation, UPC/NPC parameter
control, OAM functions, traffic management.
Type
Redundancy
Plug-in unit
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: Multiplexer Unit
: 2N
: MX622-B, MX622-C, MX622-D, MX1G6, MX1G6-A
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Multiplexer Unit (MXU)
The MultipleXer Unit (MXU) multiplexes traffic from tributary units to the ATM
switching fabric. Therefore, it allows the efficient use of switching resources for low
bit rate network interface units and computer units with small to moderate bandwidth
requirements. The MXU also includes part of the ATM layer processing functions,
such as policing, statistics, OAM, buffer management and scheduling.
Control computers, signal processing units, and low bit rate network interface units
are connected to the switching fabric via the MXU, which is a 2N redundant unit. The
RNC has several pairs of MXUs, depending on the configured capacity. For more
information, see RNC2600 capacity.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
MXU: Multiplexer Unit (2/2)
MX1G6-/A
MX622-B/C/D
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MX622
The ATM Multiplexer Plug-in Unit 622 Mbit/s MX622 multiplexes and demultiplexes
ATM cells and performs ATM Layer functions and Traffic Management functions.
MX1G6 and MX1G6-A
The MX1G6 and MX1G6-A are 1.6 Gbit/s ATM multiplexer plug-in units. They
multiplex and demultiplex ATM cells and perform ATM layer and traffic management
functions. The MX1G6 and MX1G6-A enable connecting low speed units to the
switching fabric and improve the use of switching fabric port capacity by multiplexing
traffic from up to twenty tributary units to a single fabric port.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
A2SU: AAL Type 2 Switching Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Performs minipacket switching of AAL2 CPS.
• Collects AAL2 layer statistics
This unit is no longer needed when network interface unit NIP1 and/or
NIS1(P) are not used in RNC.
Type
Redundancy
Plug-in unit
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: Signal Processing Unit
: SN+
: AL2S-B/D
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A2SU
AAL2 Switching Unit (A2SU) performs switching of AAL Type 2 CPS packets
between external interfaces and signal processing units. A2SU operates in the loadsharing redundancy configuration (SN+).
The AAL Type 2 guarantees bandwidth-efficient transport of information with limited
transfer delay in the RAN transmission network.
If Iub, Iu-CS, and Iur have been IP upgraded, A2SU units are not used.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
A2SU: AAL Type 2 Switching Unit (2/2)
AL2S-B
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AL2S-D
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AL2S, AL2S-A, AL2S-B
The AAL2 Switching unit (AL2S, AL2S-A or AL2S-B plug-in unit) serves to
demultiplex AAL2 channel from AAL2-VC, maps the AAL2 payload to AAL5 or AAL0,
terminates VC containing AAL2, AAL5 or AAL0 and performs traffic and performance
management and statistics collection for AAL2.
AL2S-D
The AAL2 Switching unit (AL2S-D plug-in unit) serves to demultiplex AAL2 channel
from AAL2-VC, maps the AAL2 payload to AAL5 or AAL0, terminates VC containing
AAL2, AAL5 or AAL0 and performs traffic and performance management and
statistics collection for AAL2
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
OMU: Operational and Management Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Cellular management
– Handles all RNC's crucial upper-level system maintenance functions
– Serves as an interface between OMS and the other units of the
network element
– Maintains radio network configuration and recovery
– Houses radio network database and ATM/IP configuration database
– Has dedicated storage devices
• Basic maintenance
– Hardware configuration management
– HMS supervision
– Centralised recovery functions
Type: Computer unit with a dedicated storage device unit as a sub-unit
Redundancy: 2N
Plug-in unit:
CCP10, CCP18-A
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Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU)
The RNC always includes a duplicated (2N) OMU to provide high availability and
minimized interruptions in usage (see ¨Redundancy principles). Duplicated system
disk units are connected to and controlled by the OMU. The system disk units
contain the operative software and the fallback software of the RNC.
The cellular management functions of the OMU are responsible for maintaining the
radio network configuration and recovery. The OMU monitors the status of the
network and blocks the faulty units if necessary. The OMU contains the radio
network database, ATM/IP configuration database, RNC equipment database and
alarm history database.
The OMU unit further contains basic system maintenance functions and serves as an
interface between the RNC and the OMS unit. In the event of a fault, the unit
automatically activates appropriate recovery and diagnostics procedures within the
RNC. The unit has the following interfaces:
a duplicated SCSI interface that connects mass memory devices
an Ethernet interface; an auto-sensing 10 base-T/100 base-TX interface, which can
be used, for example, as a management interface of the network element
a service terminal interface which provides support for debugger terminals
a multiplexer interface that allows termination of ATM virtual connections to the
computer unit, thus supporting both inter-processor communication and termination
of external connections in the network element (used, for example, for signalling or
network management purposes).
a duplicated hardware management system interface (see RNC hardware
management and supervision)
a USB 1.1 port and drivers for loading software or making backups locally to the
RNC
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
OMU: Operational and Management Unit (2/2)
CCP 10
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
CCP18-A
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CCP10
The Control Computer with 800 MHz Pentium III-M processor (CCP10) acts as the
central processing resource in the IPA2800 system computer units.
The CCP10 incorporates an Intel Mobile Pentium III-M Microprocessor with 133MHz
SDRAM memory on DIMM modules.
CCP10 has ATM connections to other plug-in units. This is done by an interface to
ATM multiplexer (MX622-B /-C).
CCP10 has an interface to the Hardware Management System (HMS) which is
implemented in CCP10 as two Hardware Management Nodes (HMN): the HMS
Master Node (HMSM) and HMS Slave Node (HMSS).
CCP10 has a 16 bit wide Ultra3 SCSI bus. It is possible to connect up to 16 devices
into the SCSI bus (including CCP10). CCP10 has two SCSI interfaces because the
mass memory system is 2N redundant. Current Ultra2 SCSI is also supported.
The timing and synchronization of CCP10 is provided by Timing and Synchronization
plug-in unit (TSS3). TSS3 provides 19.44 MHz clock signal for real time clock and
UX ASIC.
There are two V.24/V.28 based serial interfaces for service terminals to provide an
interface for controlling and monitoring CCP10.
CCP10 has two 10 Base-T /100 Base-TX /1000 Base-T Ethernet interfaces to
connect to LAN.
In addition to the interfaces discribed above CCP10 gets the - 48 V DC supply and
HMN’s power feed through back plane connectors.
CCP10 is assembled into subrack SRA1 and SRA2. There can be more than two
CCP10 units in the subrack
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
OMU's Storage Device
• New plug-in unit HDS-B, consist of
two Hard Disk Drive (HDD): One
for OMU and another for OMS
• 73 GB formatted storage
capacity/disk
• Redundancy type : 2N
• External devices: USB memory
stick, one for each OMU (for
CCP18-A only)
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OMU has two dedicated hard disk units, which serve as a redundant storage for the
entire system software, the event buffer for intermediate storing of alarms, and the
radio network configuration files.
Backup copies are made onto a USB memory stick that is connected to the CCP18A front plate. Only memory sticks can be used.
FDU is the functional unit when using the USB memory stick. No separate
configuration in the HW database is needed, because the USB memory stick is an
external device. When removing the USB memory stick, set the state to blocked,
because the system does not do it automatically.
In previous deliveries, the MDS-(A/B) magneto optical drive with a SCSI interface is
used. FDU is the functional unit. No separate configuration is needed.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Configuration and redundancy principle of OMU's
storage devices
• The two mutually redundant WDUs
are connected simultaneously to
both OMUs by means of separate
SCSI buses.
• SCSI connection is shown on the
figure beside. (CCP18-A and HDSB)
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The USB stick is an optional external device that is not automatically delivered. The
operator can choose to use the USB memory stick for backup purposes in RN2.2
new deliveries. When USB memory stick is used (the functional unit is FDU), it is
plugged in one CPU card. There is no direct connection to the other CPUs. Only the
USB memory stick that is connected to the active OMU can be used. For OMU
switchover, two USB memory sticks are needed: one for each OMU.
In previous deliveries, the MDS-A plug-in unit is used (the functional unit is FDU).
When MDS-A is used, FDU connects to the SCSI 0 bus. It has been left without
backup since it is primarily used for facilitating temporary service operations.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ICSU: Interface Control and Signalling Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Handles signalling transaction and RRM functions:
– Signalling protocols to Iu, Iub, Iur and Iu-BC interfaces for
▪ NBAP, RNSAP, RANAP, SABP signalling
▪ ALCAP (Q.2630.1) signalling ,RRC signalling
– Termination of the UNI-SAAL, NNI-SAAL/MTP-3 and SCTP/M3UA
signalling associations
– Monitoring and recovery of the signalling links
– Distributed RRM functions
▪ Admission control (AC), Handover control (HC)
▪ Load control (LC) , Packet scheduling (PS)
– Location calculations for location-based services
Type
Redundancy
Plug-in unit
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
: Computer Unit with no sub units
: N+1
: CCP10, CCP18-A, CCP18-C
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Interface Control and Signalling Unit (ICSU)
The Interface Control and Signalling Unit (ICSU) performs those RNC functions that
are highly dependent on the signalling to other network elements. The unit also
handles distributed radio resource management related tasks of the RNC.
The unit is responsible for the following tasks:
• Layer 3 signalling protocols RANAP, NBAP, RNSAP, RRC, and SABP
• Transport network level signalling protocol ALCAP
• Handover control
• Admission control
• Load control
• Power control
• Packet scheduler control
• Location calculations for location based services
According to the N+1 redundancy principle (for more information, see Redundancy
principles).there is one extra ICSU in addition to the number set by the dimensioning
rules. The additional unit is used only if one of the active units fails.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ICSU: Interface Control and Signalling Unit (2/2)
CCP10
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CCP18-A
CCP18-C
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CCP18-A, CCP18-C
The Control Computer with Pentium M 745 processor (CCP18-A and CCP18-C) acts
as the central processing resource in the IPA2800 system computer units.
The CCP18-A/-C incorporate an Intel Pentium M 745 Microprocessor with DDR200
SDRAM memory on board
The CCP18-A and CCP18-C have ATM connections to other plug-in units. This is
done by an interface to the ATM multiplexer (MXU).
The CCP18-A and CCP18-C have an interface to the Hardware Management
System (HMS). CCP18-A has two Hardware Management Nodes (HMN): the HMS
Master Node (HMSM) and HMS Slave Node (HMSS-B). CCP18-C has only the HMS
Slave Node (HMSS-B).
The CCP18-A has a 16 bit wide Ultra3 SCSI bus. It is possible to connect up to 16
devices into the SCSI bus (including CCP18-A). The CCP18-A has two SCSI
interfaces because the mass memory system is 2N redundant. Current Ultra2 SCSI
is also supported. CCP18-C does not have a SCSI bus.
The timing and synchronisation of the CCP18-A and CCP18-C is provided by the
Timing and Synchronisation plug-in unit (TSS3). TSS3 provides 19.44 MHz clock
signal for real time clock and UX2 FPGA.
There are two V.24/V.28 based serial interfaces for service terminals to provide an
interface for controlling and monitoring the CCP18-A and the CCP18-C.
The CCP18-A and CCP18-C have two 10 Base-T /100 Base-TX /1000 Base-T
Ethernet interfaces to connect to LAN.
In addition to the interfaces described above, CCP18-A and CCP18-C get the - 48 V
DC supply and HMN’s power feed through back plane connectors
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Resource and Switch Management Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Controls the switch fabrics in RNC
• Establishes connections for calls according to requests from the signalling
computer units (ICSUs).
• Handles DSP resource management.
– Allocation of the DSPs and associated computer resources to different tasks, such as
macrodiversity combining and data traffic functions.
– supervision and management of the DMCU units, including the necessary software
upload procedures
– management of the ATM connections within DMCU
• ATM switching management functions:
– Establishment of both internal and external connections via the SFU
– Management and control of the SFU, A2SU and MXU.
– Transmission resource management.
Type
Redundancy
Plug-in unit
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
: Computer Unit
: 2N
: CCP10, CCP18-A, CCP18-C
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RSMU, Resource and Switch Management Unit
RSMU controls the switch fabrics in RNC and establishes connections for calls according to
requests from the signalling computer units (ICSUs). It also handles DSP resource management.
ATM switching management functions comprise:
Establishment of both internal and external connections via SFU, including ATM circuit hunting
Management and control of SFU, A2SU and MXU
Transmission resource management.
DSP resource management tasks comprise:
Supervision and management of the DMCU units, including the necessary software upload
procedures
Allocation of the DSPs and associated computer resources to different tasks, such as microdiversity
combining and data traffic
Management of the ATM connections within DMCU
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Resource and Switch Management Unit (2/2)
CCP10
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CCP18-A
CCP18-C
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Redundancy:2N
Type:Computer unit Plug-in unit:CCP18-C / CCP18-A / CCP10
Control Computer, Pentium M (CCP18-C/CCP18-A)
Control Computer, Pentium III (CCP10)
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
GTPU: GPRS Tunnelling Protocol Unit (1/2)
Function:
• Facilitates RNC connections towards the SGSN by performing those
RNC-specific Iu user plane functions which are related to GTP protocols
– Routing based on GTP tunnel ID
– UDP/IP (User Datagram Protocol / Internet Protocol) protocols
termination
– IP and GTP protocol processing
This unit is no longer needed if Iu-PS interface is implemented using new
network interface unit, NPS1(P) or NPGE(P)
Type
Redundancy
Plug-in unit
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
: Computer Unit with no sub unit
: SN+
: CCP10, CCP18-A, CCP18-C
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GTPU
The GTPU performs the RNC-related IU user plane functions towards the SGSN.
The unit is SN+ redundant.
The unit is responsible for the following tasks:
Iu-PS transport level IP protocol processing and termination
Gateway Tunnelling Protocol User Plane (GTP-U) protocol processing
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
GTPU: GPRS Tunnelling Protocol Unit (2/2)
CCP10
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CCP18-A
CCP18-C
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CCP18-A, CCP18-C
The Control Computer with Pentium M 745 processor (CCP18-A and CCP18-C) acts
as the central processing resource in the IPA2800 system computer units.
The CCP18-A/-C incorporate an Intel Pentium M 745 Microprocessor with DDR200
SDRAM memory on board
The CCP18-A and CCP18-C have ATM connections to other plug-in units. This is
done by an interface to the ATM multiplexer (MXU).
The CCP18-A and CCP18-C have an interface to the Hardware Management
System (HMS). CCP18-A has two Hardware Management Nodes (HMN): the HMS
Master Node (HMSM) and HMS Slave Node (HMSS-B). CCP18-C has only the HMS
Slave Node (HMSS-B).
The CCP18-A has a 16 bit wide Ultra3 SCSI bus. It is possible to connect up to 16
devices into the SCSI bus (including CCP18-A). The CCP18-A has two SCSI
interfaces because the mass memory system is 2N redundant. Current Ultra2 SCSI
is also supported. CCP18-C does not have a SCSI bus.
The timing and synchronisation of the CCP18-A and CCP18-C is provided by the
Timing and Synchronisation plug-in unit (TSS3). TSS3 provides 19.44 MHz clock
signal for real time clock and UX2 FPGA.
There are two V.24/V.28 based serial interfaces for service terminals to provide an
interface for controlling and monitoring the CCP18-A and the CCP18-C.
The CCP18-A and CCP18-C have two 10 Base-T /100 Base-TX /1000 Base-T
Ethernet interfaces to connect to LAN.
In addition to the interfaces described above, CCP18-A and CCP18-C
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
DMCU: Data and Macro-Diversity Combining Unit
Purpose:
• WCDMA L1 functions, including macro-diversity combining (MDC) and
outer loop power control.
• RLC-U and RLC-C protocol processing
• MAC-C and MAC-D protocol processing
• PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) protocol processing
• GTP termination
• Encryption
• HSDPA with CDSP-C
Type
Redundancy
Plug-in unit
91
: Signal processing unit with no sub unit
: SN+
: CDSP-C, CDSP-DH
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Data and Macro Diversity Combining Unit (DMCU)
The Data and Macro Diversity Combining Unit (DMCU) performs RNC-related user
and control plane functions. Each of these units has several state-of-the-art digital
signal processors (DSPs) and general purpose RISC processors. The signal
processing tasks can be configured and altered dynamically for each DSP. The unit
is SN+ redundant. The unit is responsible for the following tasks:
UE and L2 related protocols
Frame Protocol (FP)
Radio Link Control (RLC)
Medium Access Control (MAC)
The following functions are within protocols:
macro diversity combining and outer loop PC: FP
ciphering: FP and RLC/MAC
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP): header compression
High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) processing: MAC-shared (MAC-SH) and
Enhanced Dedicated Transport Channel (EDCH)
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
DMCU: Data and Macro-Diversity Combining Unit
CDSP-C
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CDSP-DH
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CDSP, CDSP-B or CDSP-C
The Configurable Dynamic Signal Processing Platform (CDSP, CDSP-B or CDSP-C
plug-in unit) functions as a CDSP pool. Each CDSP (-B/-C) has 32 Digital Signal
Processors (DSPs) on four daughter boards, either type D5510 (CDSP), CIP (CDSPB), or CIP-A (CDSP-B version 4 and CDSP-C). The daughter boards are used for
transcoding, echo cancelling and other applications which need digital signal
processing. Four MPC 8260 processors control the DSPs.
CDSP-DT, CDSP-DH and CDSP-D
The configurable dynamic signal processing platform (CDSP-DT, CDSP-DH and
CDSP-D plug-in units) function as CDSP pool. Each CDSP-D (C109045) plug-in unit
has 16 multicore digital signal processors (DSP) and a total of 96 DSP cores. Each
CDSP-DH (C110830) and CDSP-DT (C111195) has 8 DSPs. The DSP cores are
used in transcoding and echo cancelling as well as other applications that need
digital signal processing. The DSPs are controlled by four MPC 8280 processors.
CDSP-D and CDSP-DT plug-in units are used in MGW and CDSP-DH in RNC.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
OMS: Operation & Maintenance Server Unit(1/2)
Purpose:
• RNC element management tasks and local user interface
• Provides interface toward higher-level network management function,
such as OSS
• Provide graphic-based local interface
• Processing fault and performance management data
• Support for configuration management in RNC
• O&M functions which are not handled by other computer units of the RNC
• post-processing support for measurement and statistics
• peripheral device control
Type
: Computer unit, with dedicated storage devices and the
Ethernet Switch unit as sub-units
Redundancy
: None
Plug-in unit
: MCP18-B
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OMS
The Operation and Maintenance Server (OMS) is a computer unit which provides an
open and standard computing platform for applications which do not have strict realtime requirements. The OMS provides functions related to external O&M interfaces.
For example:
Post-processing of fault management data
Post-processing of performance data
Software upgrade support
These functions include both generic interfacing to the data communication network
(DCN) and application specific functions such as processing of fault and performance
management data, implementation of the network element user interface and support
for configuration management of the network element. This way the OMS provides
easy and flexible interfacing to the network element.
The OMS is implemented with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4. It contains its own
disks devices, interfaces for keyboard, mouse and display for debugging purposes,
and a LAN (10/100/1000 Mbit Ethernet) interface. Communication between the OMS and
the rest of the network element uses Ethernet.
The basic services of the OMS are:
MMI interface implemented as a telnet protocol through which the user can execute
the existing MML commands.
Alarm transfer from network element to network management system (NMS)
Provides the statistical interface for NMS
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OMS: Operation & Maintenance Server Unit (2/2)
MCP18-B
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MCP18-B
The MCP18-B plug-in unit is used as the management computer unit in network
elements. For OMS, MCP18-B B01 or later must be used.
The MCP18-B is a Pentium®M based, PC compatible, single slot computer designed
to interface to the internal standard PCI bus. The Pentium®M 745 central processing
unit (CPU) comes in an Intel 479 ball micro-FCBGA form factor. The Intel
Pentium®M chipset (E7501 MCH & P64H2) provides the PCI and PCI-X interfaces.
Integrated PCI peripherals provide dual Ethernet, dual SCSI, SVGA and USB
interfaces.
Scalability
RNC OMS is capable of handling capacity of RNC2600, 2 800 WCDMA BTSs and 4
800 cells.
RNC OMS is capable of handling different types of mass management operations
under the control of NetAct, so that there are management operations going on in
parallel towards several elements. Mass operations are used when certain
management operations need to be done to certain group of network elements. An
example of this are configuration data and software downloads to new base stations.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
OMS’s Storage Device
• New plug-in unit HDS-B, consist of two Hard
Disk Drive (HDD): One for OMU and another for
OMS
• 73 GB formatted storage capacity/disk
• Redundancy type : 2N
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HDS-B capacity and performance
Hard disks
73 GB formatted storage capacity/disk
Average seek time: read 4.5 ms/ write 5.0 ms
Data transfer rate of disk drive: 132.4 MB/s
SCSI buses
Data transfer rate 160 MB/s (80 MHz) in synchronous mode
SCSI bus is 16 bits wide
Maximum 16 devices on bus
SCSI bus can work in both LVD or SE mode
HDS-B
The HDS-B plug-in unit is used with the OMU and NEMU units. The computer units
serve two 16-bit wide Ultra SCSI buses which connect to the HDS-B through external
shielded back-cables. The HDS-B has two independent SCSI buses for two
computer units. In the case of OMU the SCSI buses pass through the HDS-B and
continue to the other unit of the duplicated pair (OMU only). In the case of NEMU the
SCSI buses pass into the HDS-B and end there. It is possible to connect other SCSI
devices on the same bus. The maximum number of installed SCSI devices, not
counting computer units, is 14.
The HDS-B plug-in unit is connected to the hardware management bus the via the
bus interface of the HMSS. HDS-B has an interface to two HMS transmission lines
via back connectors.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Configuration and redundancy principles of OMS
storage devices
• OMS has two redundant disk
with RAID0 configuration
• SCSI connection is shown on
the figure beside. (MCP18-B
and HDS-B)
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HDS-B
The HDS-B serves as a non-volatile memory for program code and data in the MGW
and RNC. It connects via the SCSI bus to the OMU and NEMU units.
Operating environment of HDS-B
The HDS-B plug-in unit is used with the OMU and NEMU units. The computer units
serve two 16-bit wide Ultra SCSI buses which connect to the HDS-B through external
shielded back-cables. The HDS-B has two independent SCSI buses for two
computer units. In the case of OMU the SCSI buses pass through the HDS-B and
continue to the other unit of the duplicated pair (OMU only). In the case of NEMU the
SCSI buses pass into the HDS-B and end there. It is possible to connect other SCSI
devices on the same bus. The maximum number of installed SCSI devices, not
counting computer units, is 14.
The HDS-B plug-in unit is connected to the hardware management bus the via the
bus interface of the HMSS. HDS-B has an interface to two HMS transmission lines
via back connectors.
The HDS-B has automatically functioning SCSI bus terminators.
The HMSS has a separate 2N redundant power feed.
The HDS-B gets also 48V DC supply and power feed from the HMSS through back
connectors
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
ESA: Ethernet Switch for ATM 24 Ports
• Provides physical LAN/Ethernet
interfaces for connections between
OMS and the other units of the
network element.
• The ESA24 upgrade increases
LAN switching capacity.
• Redundant ESA24 is needed for
AGPS feature
Type: Sub unit to OMS
Redundancy: None/2N
Capacity/ Performance: 24 physical
10/100 Base-T Ethernet interfaces
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Ethernet Switch for ATM with 24 Ports (ESA24)
The ESA24 plug-in unit provides the Ethernet switch functionality for OMS.
2N redundant ESA24 provides duplicated IP connections towards the A-GPS server.
There are two Ethernet ports in the front panel.
ESA24
The 10/100 Mbps LAN switch plug-in unit ESA24 functions as the LAN switch unit of
the IPA2800 ATM platform.
The ESA24 features:
Complies with IEEE802.1d Spanning Tree protocol.
Store and Forward operation
Half and full duplex on all ports
IEE802.3X Full Duplex flow control on all ports
Back pressure in Half Duplex mode on all ports
Priority queuing based on Port or 802.1p
None blocking operation and VLAN per 802.1q
Address table contains 8000 entries and Port Trunking
Differences between ESA12 and ESA24
Increase in FLASH memory from 2 to 8 MB
RAM memory 64 MB
New operating system (BiNOS)
Complies with IEEE802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree protocol
Complies with IEEE802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree protocol
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Standalone OMS
• 1RU high server that is mountable to a standard 19 inch rack
• Concentrates operation and management traffic and performs operation
and management activities towards the RNC and WCDMA Base Stations
under control of NetAct
• Local management interface towards RNC network elements with basic
centralised alarm and performance management capabilities
• Capable of handling capacity of RNC2600, 1 600 WCDMA BTSs and
4 800 cells
• Capable of handling different types of mass management operations
under the control of NetAct
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Operation and Maintenance Server (OMS)
The Operation and Maintenance Server (OMS) unit is responsible for RNC element
management tasks. It provides interface to the higher-level network management
functions and to local user interface functions.
These functions include both generic interfacing to the data communication network
(DCN) and application-specific functions like processing of fault and performance
management data, implementation of the RNC user interface and support for
configuration management of the RNC. This way the OMS provides easy and flexible
interfacing to the RNC.
In previous releases, OMS is integrated in RNC2600. It is implemented with Intelbased industry standard PC core. It contains own disk devices, interfaces for
keyboard and a display for debugging purposes, a serial interface, an USB interface,
and a LAN (100 Mbit/s Ethernet) interface.
In RN5.0, standalone OMS is introduced. It uses commercial HW: HP DL360
Proliant. This offers better scalability to OMS performance and always offers the
latest and best HW technology available. This is the first evolution step towards new
technologies - common OMS platform within different technologies. Same OMS
applications and functions are available on both platforms. This does not bring any
changes to existing OMS interfaces.
HP ProLiant DL360 Generation 6:
Quad core Nehalem Intel processors
12 GB memory (scalable up to 128 GB)
4 x Mirrored hard discs (4 x 146GB)
Dual port network card
SCSI card for external devices like data tapes and magneto-optical
USB 2.0 ports
Height 1U
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Standalone OMS
Benefit:
• State-of-the-art feature set
• High quality, proven software platform
• Scalable, efficient architecture
• Accurate status of the network
• Local operation interface
• Secure software platform
• Easy to place and install
OMS HW:
Redundancy:
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Benefits of standalone RNC OMS
The main benefits of Nokia Siemens Networks RNC OMS are outlined below.
State-of-the-art feature set
Nokia Siemens Networks’ long experience of radio access and mobile data networks
management and input based on operator requirements ensure that RNC OMS
functionality and feature set are well considered and provide maximum benefit to
operators.
High quality, proven software platform
RNC OMS software is running on top of a carrier grade FlexiPlatform (SW platform).
The FlexiPlatform design ensures high availability, reliability, scalability and high
performance incorporating innovations from open standards such as Linux and
J2EE. RNC OMS is based on the field-proven NEMU unit used in Nokia Siemens
Networks 3G networks. Thus a high quality platform and increased benefits of
economies of scale are ensured.
Scalable, efficient architecture
RNC OMS provides scalability of operability architecture via aggregating, parsing
and intermediating the operation and management traffic flow between NetAct and
access network elements. RNC OMS performs individual management operations to
network elements under control of NetAct. RNC OMS is able to perform efficient
parallel mass operations towards several network elements and handle different
operation and management operations simultaneously to the same network element.
These capabilities reduce both the processing and database access load in NetAct
management system and overall management data transmission needs.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Standalone OMS Interfaces
• RNC OMS connects to RNC through
Nokia Siemens Networks’
management interface EMT
• All fault management, performance
management, configuration and
software management transactions
to/from RNC OMS are transferred
over the EMT interface
• The NWI3 and EMT management
interfaces used in Nokia Siemens
Networks WCDMA systems provide
sophisticated functional capabilities,
reliability and efficiency
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Benefits of standalone RNC OMS (Cont)
Accurate status of the network
RNC OMS provides synchronized measurement data from the WCDMA Access
Network elements and real-time WCDMA BTS and RNC state supervision and
management, giving thus an accurate picture of network status. Reliable, correct
information helps operators to make right daily operation and management
decisions. It also gives good input to longer-term network planning, enabling
operators to plan network investments in a cost efficient manner.
Local operation interface
RNC OMS offers a local operation interface towards RNC. The interface makes it
possible to monitor access networks locally via RNC OMS during network roll-out,
upgrade and expansion phases and during regular daily operation, when reasonable.
Secure software platform
RNC OMS runs on top of FlexiPlatform/Red Hat, gaining thus from the security
benefits of Red Hat Linux Security Framework. Industry experts consider the security
risk of Linux to be low, thus giving relief to platform software security concerns.
Easy to place and install
RNC OMS has a compact size and it fits to a standard 19-inch rack.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Network Interface Unit PDH (NIP1)
• Provides 16 physical electrical
•
•
•
•
PDH (E1/T1/JT1) interface
Execute physical and ATM layer
functionalities
Provides ATM header translation,
OAM function and Traffic policing.
Provides an optional reference
clock for timing and
synchronisation
Support Inverse Multiplexing for
ATM (IMA)
• Redundancy: None
• Plugin unit : NI16P1A
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NIP1 contains PDH E1/T1/JT1 interfaces with Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)
function, which allows for flexible grouping of physical links to logical IMA groups.
Normally, the PDH lines are used for connections between RNC and the BTSs.
NI16P1A
The NI16P1A plug-in unit implements sixteen PDH E1/T1/JT1 based ATM interfaces.
The NI16P1A supports IMA, that is, several E1/T1/JT1 interfaces can be grouped
into one group that seems like one interface to the upper protocol layers. The
NI16P1A makes ATM layer processing related to the traffic management and Utopia
address embedding. The NI16P1A also provides a reference clock (that is recovered
from the incoming E1/T1/JT1 lines) for the TSS3 plug-in unit.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Concept of IMA
• Low bit rate transmission lines can be combined into a group that
seen as a single virtual link by ATM
• IMA sublayer is part of the physical layer.
• It is located between the traditional Transmission Convergence
sublayer and the ATM layer.
IMA Group
IMA Group
Physical Link #0
PHY
PHY
Physical Link #1
PHY
PHY
Single ATM Cell Stream
from ATM Layer
Physical Link #2
PHY
Original ATM Cell
Stream to ATM Layer
PHY
IMA Virtual Link
Tx direction: cells distributed across links in round robin sequence
Rx direction: cells recombined into single ATM stream
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Network Interface Unit SDH (NIS1/NIS1P)
• Provides STM-1/OC-3 external
•
•
•
•
interface
Execute physical and ATM layer
functionalities
Provides ATM header translation,
OAM function and Traffic policing.
Provides an optional reference
clock for timing and
synchronisation, handles bit timing,
line coding, and timing recovery
Support MSP1+1
• Redundancy: None/2N
• Plugin unit : NI4S1-B
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NI4S1-B
The main functions of the NI4S1-B plug-in unit are the following:
implementing adaptation between SDH transport technology and ATM
performing ATM layer functions
implementing interface to ATM Switch Fabric.
The NI4S1-B can also be used to implement four SONET OC-3 interfaces.
Operating environment of NI4S1-B
NI4S1-B has the following interfaces with its environment:
four interfaces with physical medium
interface with ATM Switch Fabric (SF10)
interface with the Hardware Management System (HMS)
interface with TSS3 or TBUF plug-in unit.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
•
Network Interface Unit NPS1(P)
Functions:
– Provides 8 SDH STM-1/STM-4 interfaces and an
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
RJ45 connector, and handles multiprotocol
packet processing at wire speed and network
connectivity
Maps ATM cells to/from transmission frame
structure of SDH/Sonet.
Performs AAL2 minipacket switching.
Translates ATM header.
Performs UPC/NPC, traffic management,
performance management and performance data
collection.
Provides optional reference clock for timing and
synchronisation.
It supports MSP1+1 / APS1+1 for SDH/Sonet
Redundancy type: NONE or 2N
Plugin unit type
– NP8S1, NP8S1-A, NP8S1-B (two slots wide)
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NP8S1-B, NP8S1-A and NP8S1
The NP8S1-B, NP8S1-A and NP8S1 plug-in units are interface units for IPA2800
network elements that are specifically designed for the optimized use of the Internet
Protocol (IP) and the packet environment. NP8S1-B, NP8S1-A and NP8S1 are
targeted for the multiprotocol transport interfaces Iu-PS and Iu-CS. The primary
transport methods used are Packet over SONET (POS) and IP over ATM (IPoA).
NP8S1-B, NP8S1-A and NP8S1 provide multiprotocol packet processing at wire
speed and network connectivity with eight optical synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH) STM-1 or synchronous optical network (SONET) OC-3 interfaces. The high
processing power of the network processor and the unit computer enable the
NP8S1-B, NP8S1-A and NP8S1 plug-in units to process protocol and data at the line
interface unit (LIU) instead of the dedicated processing units.
The unit NP8S1 also has capacity for two SDH STM-4 or SONET OC-12 interfaces,
but they are not supported and cannot be used.
NP8S1 and NP8S1-A are only used in MGW, NP8S1-B is only used in RNC.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Network Interface Unit NPGE(P)
•
Functions:
– Provides Ethernet interfaces and handles
multiprotocol packet processing at wire speed.
– Two 1000Base-LX/T (optical or electrical) Gigabit
Ethernet interfaces and two 10/100 Base-T
(electrical) Fast Ethernet interfaces
– Maps IP packet to/from transmission frame
structure of Ethernet.
– Translates IP header.
– Performs traffic management, performance
management and performance data collection.
– Terminates GTP protocol when used at Iu-PS.
•
•
Redundancy type: NONE or 2N
Plugin unit type
– NP2GE, NP2GE-A, NP2GE-B
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NP2GE-B, NP2GE-A and NP2GE
The NP2GE-B, NP2GE-A and NP2GE plug-in units are interface units that are
specifically designed for the optimized use of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the
packet environment. NP2GE-B, NP2GE-A and NP2GE are targeted for the
multiprotocol transport interfaces Iu-PS and Iu-CS. The primary transport method
type used is IP over Ethernet.
NP2GE-B, NP2GE-A and NP2GE provide multiprotocol packet processing at wire
speed and also offer the possibility of using both electrical (copper) and optical (fibre)
based Ethernet. The high processing power of the network processor and the unit
computer enable the NP2GE-B, NP2GE-A and NP2GE plug-in units to process
protocol and data at the line interface unit (LIU) instead of the dedicated processing
units.
NP2GE and NP2GE-A are only used in MGW, NP2GE-B is only used in RNC.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Power Distribution System (1/2)
Functions:
• Distributes the -48 V/-60 V power from the rectifiers or batteries to the
equipment inside the RNC cabinets
• Consists of:
– Cabinet Power Distributor
– Subrack Power Distributor
• Subrack power distributor controls the cooling equipment of its own
subrack on the basis of messages sent by the OMU
Redundancy
Units
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: 2N
: CPD80/120-A
PD20/30
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Power Distribution System (2/2)
PD20/30
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PD20
The Power Distribution Unit 20 A (PD20 plug-in unit) is a subrack level power
distribution unit in the IPA2800 network element power feed system. The PD20
provides filtering, power distribution and fan control functions.
PD30
The Power Distribution Unit 30 (PD30 plug-in unit) is a subrack level power
distribution unit in the Nokia IPA2800 Network Elements power feed system. The
PD30 provides filtering, power distribution, and fan control functions. In addition, the
PD30 also provides over-current and overvoltage protection, and power dropout
stretching.
The PD30 incorporates reverse battery voltage protection for accidental installation
errors. It continues to operate after correct battery voltage polarity and voltage level
have been applied to it.
The use of the older fan tray models FTR1 and FTRA damages the equipment. Only
use the fan trays FTRA-A and FTRA-B with PD30
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Power distribution principle and redundancy
To ensure 2N redundancy for the power distribution lines, the RNC cabinets
are provided with two independent feeding input branches
Each CPD120-A unit contains:
• Connectors for one of the two mutually redundant supply lines from the
batteries/rectifiers. In this way the two independent input branches are
kept separate until the subrack level.
• Connectors for four supply lines to the subracks. Each subrack is supplied
by a line from both CPD120-As, giving 2N redundancy.
• Circuit breakers for the outgoing supply lines, each with 30-A rating
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The CPD120-A allows for either grounding the 0V lead from the battery or for a use
of a separate grounding cable to achieve floating battery voltage. From the CPD120A unit, the voltage is fed through the subrack-specific PD30 power distribution plug-in
units, which have individual 10-A fuses for each outgoing distribution line, to the
other plug-in units in a likewise manner as to the cabinets, that is, through two
mutually redundant supply lines. The two distribution lines are finally combined in the
power converter blocks of individual plug-in units, which adapt the voltage so that it is
appropriate for the plug-in unit components.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Fuse Connection
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
TBUF
1
FA4
FA3
FA2
FA1
FB2
FB3
FB4
TBUF
FB1
38
FA5 and FB5 to fan tray FTRx
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Timing and Buffering Unit (1/2)
Functions:
• Responsible for the network element synchronization, timing signal
distribution and message transfer functions in the hardware management
system
• Receives an input timing signal from upper network level, adjusts its local
oscillator to long time mean value and delivers this synchronised timing
signal as system timing to all plug-in units.
• Operates in plesiochronous mode, if all synchronisation are lost
• Collect alarms from the PIUs in the same subrack and transfer them to
HMS master (OMU)
• 3 synchronisation inputs from line interface card
• 8 synchronisation outputs support maximum 8-cabinet configuration
Redundancy:
Plug-in unit:
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2N
TSS3/A and TBUF
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New clock plug-in unit variant TSS3-A is implemented in RN5.0 based RNC2600
deliveries. However, TSS3-A can be used with RN4.0 software if Bridge HMX1BNGX
version inside the plug-in unit is newer than in RN4.0 release package
Due to 2N redundancy a mixed configuration of TSS3 and TSS3-A is not allowed.
The same variant must be used for both clock units in each RNC.
TSS3/-As generate the clock signals necessary for synchronising the functions of
RNC. Normally, TSS3/-A operates in a synchronous mode, that is, it receives an
input timing reference signal from an upper level of the network and adjusts its local
oscillator to the long time mean value by filtering jitter and wander from the timing
signal. It transmits the reference to the plug-in units in the same subrack (all plug-in
units are equipped with onboard PLL blocks), as well as to the TBUF units, which
distribute the signals to units not directly fed by TSS3/-As.
TSS3/-A has inputs for both synchronisation references from other network elements
(via the network interfaces) and for those from external sources (options are 2048
kbit/s, 2048 kHz, 64+8 kHz, 1544 kHz, or 1544 kbit/s (TSS3-A)). TSS3-A input is 5 V
tolerant.
If all synchronisation references are lost, TSS3/-A can operate in plesiochronous
mode, that is, by generating independently the synchronisation reference for the
units in the network element.
TSS3/-As are also involved in the functioning of the HMS bus. They convey HMS
messages through the HMS bridge node to the HMS master node. Each OMU has
one master node.
TSS3-A is designed to conform ITU-T G813, G.703 and Bellcore GR-1244
recommendation.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Timing and Buffering Unit (2/2)
TBUF
TSS
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TSS3 and TSS3-A
The Timing and Synchronization, SDH, Stratum 3 (TSS3 plug-in unit) or the Timing
and Synchronization, SDH, Stratum 3, Variant A (TSS3-A plug-in unit) and TBUF
plug-in units provide the functionality of the Timing and Hardware Management Bus
Unit (TBU) functional unit. This functional unit is responsible for synchronisation,
timing signal distribution and message transfer in the Hardware Management
System of a network element.
The RNC and the MGW configurations have always one duplicated synchronization
unit implemented as two TSS3 or TSS3-A plug-in units. The TSS3s or TSS3-As are
located in either of the two half-size slots in subracks 1 and 2 of rack 1. The
remaining half-size two slots in these subracks are equipped with TBUs, and so are
all other such slots in other subracks of the network element. Both TSS3s or TSS3As form a subsystem which is 2N redundant, so there are always two TSS3 or TSS3A plug-in units working in active/cold standby fashion.
TBUF
The Timing Buffer (TBUF plug-in unit) and the TSS3 plug-in units provide the
functionality of the Timing and Hardware Management Bus Unit (TBU) functional
unit. This functional unit is responsible for synchronisation, timing signal distribution
and message transfer in the Hardware Management System of a network element.
The RNC and the MGW configurations have always one duplicated synchronization
unit implemented as two TSS3 plug-in units. The TSS3s are located in either of the
two half-size slots in subracks 1 and 2 of rack 1. The remaining half-size two slots in
these subracks are equipped with TBUFs, and so are all other such slots in other
subracks of the network element. The redundancy method is 2N.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Network Timing and Synchronisation
PRC
MSC
MSC
PRC
PRC
MGW
RNC
PRC
BS
BS
PRC
PRC
BS
PRC = Primary Reference Clock
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Synchronization
Usually the distribution of synchronization references for RAN NEs (BTS, RNC) is
based on a master-slave architecture, where the transport network is used for
carrying the synchronization references. In particular, this is the case for base
stations.
In a master-slave synchronization architecture, a synchronization reference traceable
to the Primary Reference Clock (PRC) is carried via the transport network to RAN
NEs. Traceability to the PRC means that the synchronization reference originates
from a timing source of PRC quality. The characteristics of primary reference clocks
are specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.811 [8].
The hierarchical master-slave principle is generally used in traditional TDM based
synchronization, where a PRC traceable reference is carried through a
synchronization distribution chain via intermediate nodes to RAN NEs. In RAN NEs
(BTSs shown in the following figure) the timing reference is recovered from the
incoming transport interface (e.g. E1, T1, STM-1). The recovered reference is
frequency locked to the original PRC signal, but due to impairments in the transport
network there is some jitter and wander in the recovered synchronization reference.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Timing and Synchronisation
Timing Ref. 1
NPS1(P) 2
Timing Ref. 2
NPS1(P) 3
Timing Ref. 3
Timing
signal to
PIU
TBUF
TSS3
NPS1(P) 4
TSS3
TBUF
Timing
signal to
PIU
ext. Sync
CPSY-A
TBUF
CPSY-B
Timing
TimingBus
Bus00
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TBUF
Timing Bus 1
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Default timing reference in RNC450:
Timing ref. 1: NIS1(P) 0
Timing ref. 2: NIS1(P) 1
Timing ref. 3: NIS1(P) 10
Default timing reference in RNC196
Timing ref. 1: NIS1(P) 0
Timing ref. 2: NIS1(P) 1
Timing ref. 3: NIP1 0
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Connection principle and redundancy for the
timing and synchronisation distribution bus
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RNC has two separate timing and synchronisation distribution buses to ensure 2N
redundancy for the internal timing signal distribution. Each bus has its own system
clock (a TSS3/-A plug-in unit), distribution cabling, and timing buffers (TBUF plug-in
units).
The two TSS3/-A units backing up each other are placed in different subracks
(subracks 1 and 2), each of which is powered by a power supply plug-in unit of its
own to ensure redundancy for the power supply. Each of these subracks is also
equipped with a TBUF plug-in unit, which connects the equipment in the subrack to
the other clock distribution bus. The RNAC subracks 3 and 4 and all RNBC subracks
have two separate TBUF units, which connect to different clock distribution buses by
means of cables of their own.
In order to function correctly, the differential buses need terminations in the ends of
the bus by means of a termination cable. Due to the expansion of the network
element through the capacity steps, the end of the bus and similarly the termination
point changes. When a new subrack is taken into use in a capacity step, the cabling
must always be moved to the new subrack.
Duplicated buses need two terminations, which means that four terminators
altogether in each cabinet are required for the HMS and the timing and
synchronisation distribution bus
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
External Hardware Unit
Functions:
• Receive external alarms and send as alarm
message to OMU via HMS bus
• Drive the optional External Hardware Alarm
panel (EXAU-A / EXAU), the cabinet
integrated lamp, and possible other external
equipment.
Redundancy: No
Plugin unit: EHAT
EXAU
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EHAT
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The optional peripheral EXAU-A / EXAU provides a visual alarm of the fault
indications of RNC. The EXAU-A / EXAU unit is located in the equipment room.
The CAIND/-A is located on top of the RNAC cabinet and provides a visual alarm
indicating the network element with a fault.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RNC Units Summary
Functional Unit
(redundancy)
Supported HW
OMU (2N)
CCP18-A
WDU (2N)
HDS-A or HDS-B, with WDW18, WDW36 or WDW73.
FDU (2N)
MDS-A
OMS (No)
MCP18-B (4GB memory)
HDD (2N)
HDS-A or HDS-B, with WDW73 or WDW147
RSMU (2N)
CCP10, CCP18-A, CCP18-C
ICSU (N+1)
CCP10, CCP18-A, CCP18-C
DMCU (SN+)
CDSP-C (int. D), CDSP-DH
GTPU (SN+)
CCP10, CCP18-A, CCP18-C
A2SU (SN+)
AL2S-D
NIU (No or 2N)
NI16P1-A, NI4S1-B, NP8S1, NP8S1-A, NP8S1-B, NP2GE, NP2GE-A, NP2GE-B
SFU (2N)
SF10, SF10E, SF20H
MXU (2N)
MX622-B, MX622-C, MX622-D, MX1G6, MX1G6-A
SWU (No)
ESA24
TBU (2N)
TSS3, TBUF
EHU (No)
EHAT
PDU (2N)
CPD80, CPD120, PD20, PD30
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Hardware Management System
• Lowest intelligent system
• Running on HMS bus, comprises 3
node types:
– Master Node, head of HMS
– Bridge Node, divide HMS
network into subsystem, which
physically each subrack.
– Slave Node, interface toward
PIUs
• Function of HMS
– Collect equipment data from the
equipped PIUs
– Transfer of system initialisation
data
– Collect HW fault notification
– Control and supervise external
or auxiliary equipments
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The Hardware Management System (HMS) provides a duplicated serial bus between
the master node (located in the OMU) and every plug-in unit in the system. The bus
provides fault tolerant message transfer facility between plug-in units and the HMS
master node.
The HMS is used in supporting auto-configuration, collecting fault data from plug-in
units and auxiliary equipment, collecting condition data external to network elements
and setting hardware control signals, such as restart and state control in plug-in
units.
The hardware management system is robust. For example, it is independent of
system timing and it can read hardware alarms from a plug-in unit without power.
The HMS allows power alarms and remote power on/off switching function.
The hardware management system forms a hierarchical network. The duplicated
master network connects the master node with the bridge node of each sub-rack.
The sub-rack level networks connect the bridge node with each plug-in unit in the
sub-rack.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Hardware Management System
HMMN = Hardware
Management Master
Node
HMSB = HMS Bridge
HMSS = HMS Slave
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HMS Master Node (HMMN)
Head of Hardware Management System, which has responsible for example
selecting the transfer line and supervision of HMS bridge nodes.
Reside on OMU
HMS Bridge (HMSB)
Divides Hardware Management System into subnetwork, which physically
each subrack.
Reside on TSS3 and TBUF
HMS Slave (HMSS)
Interfaces with for example PIU’s power and hardware alarms.
Reside on all PIUs except ESA12/24
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Change in RU20
Reference reading material:
Nokia Siemens NetworksWCDMA RAN, rel. RU20,operating documentation
DN70515054: Changes in RU20
DN70357656: Changes in configuration parameters for radio network, ATM transport
plan, and IP transport plan
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Introduction to new SW in this release
The RU20 release extends the existing features and introduces new features for
capacity enhancement. Enhanced voice and extented data services are improving
the end-user experience. In addition to improved end-user experience, new RU20
functionalities like optimized resource management, reduce total cost of ownership.
Operators also benefit from the RNC2600 and Flexi WCDMA Multiradio design as
well as from the simplicity of the implementation of new services with the ability to
quickly deploy new revenue generating applications.
Enhanced UltraSite baseband hardware extends the lifetime of installed UltraSite
base stations.
With RU20, operators have the possibility to enhance data rates inline with current
handset development. This gives the operator the possibility to smoothly evolve his
network and concentrate on the current actual and relevant features.
With RU20 peak data rate enhancements, the operator has the possibility to offer a
fixed broadband alternative. With features like decreased latency and higher average
throughput applications originally designed for wired internet become more attractive.
Features like CS over HSPA, Continuous Packet Connectivity and Flexible RLC
improve the spectral efficiency and extend UE battery life. The call set-up time is also
shorter. Longer UE availability leads to a higher usage resources, applications and
consequently to higher user satisfaction.
A set of new HSPA+ features like HSDPA 64QAM, DC-HSDPA, HSUPA 5.8 Mbps
and MIMO2x2 feature provide further benefits for the customers. These lead to
significant gains in peak rate and average throughput on network level. Also the
network capacity in loaded network is increased with low other-cell interference
capacity increase.
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RU20: New MML Programs
Q9
DHCP Server Data Handling
Use this command group to maintain the data on DHCP server.These
commands cover a wide range of maneuvers related to DHCP server: configure
and interrogate DHCP server options, configure, modify and interrogate pool
basic information, bind and unbind pool with unit and network interface,delete IP
pool and interrogate pool binding relationship, add and delete IP address ranges,
manage and interrogate DHCP client IP address status, manage DHCP server
status,manage and interrogate DHCP server log.
UW
Preload Handling
Use the command to start system preloading,cancel system preloading and
interrogating system preloading information
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The purpose of this document is to describe, on the RN5.0 release level, the MML
commands that are used in the management interfaces (such as NetAct and local
management interfaces) of Radio Network Controller.
This document describes the changes that have been made to MML programs
between releases RN4.0 and RN5.0.
MMLs with only a few internal changes or guide text changes are not listed in this
document.
It is possible that command sequences must be modified due to the changes
summarised in this document.
This document may contain information which is irrelevant to the customer.
The relevance of the information depends on the delivered software build.
For example, some MML programs are optional and are not automatically included in
the software build.
For more detailed descriptions please see the corresponding command and
operating descriptions.
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RU20 : Modified MML Programs
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LJ
Bundle and Endpoint Handling
NE
Signaling Network State Interrogation
Q8
IP Qos Configuration Handling
QM
IP Interface Configuration Handling
QR
TCP/IP Stack Data Handling
US
Working State an Restart Handling
W7
Licence and Feature Handling
WP
Signal Processing Service Handling
WS
Software Package and Status Handling
YA
EXCHANGE TERMINAL CONFIGURATION HANDLING
YB
IMA Group Handling
YG
BFD Supervision Handling
YW
SDH TRANSMISSION PROTECTION HANDLING
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
Differences in the hardware implementation
between RU10 (RN4.0) and RU20 (RN5.0)
New plug-in units
TSS3-A, Timing and Synchronization, SDH, Stratum 3,Variant A
New mechanics
Cable-supporting shelves have been changed from CS186-B to CS216-A in
RNAC cabinet
RNC OMS hardware changes
Operation and Management Server (OMS) has been introduced as a
standalone network element. HP Proliant DL360 Generation 6 hardware
platform is used to support the standalone RNC OMS.
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For more information, see Standalone RNC OMS product description.
Note that the new standalone OMS hardware solution is optional and that MCP18-B plug-in
unit hardware is also supported by the RNC.
When standalone OMS is introduced, the MCP18-B plug-in unit and the related two HDDs
must be removed.
The following connections also need to be removed from the RNC rack:
•SCSI connections between OMS and the HDD
•LAN connection between OMS and Ethernet Switch (ESA24).
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RU20 : RNC New Alarms
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RU20 : RNC Changed Alarms
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RU20 : RNC Changed Alarms
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RU20 : RNC Alarm system configuration changes
RU20 : RNC Removed Alarms
• There are no removed alarms in RN5.0
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RU20 : RNC OMS Changed Alarms
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RNC Architecture and Functionalities
RU20 : RNC OMS New Alarms
RU20 : RNC OMS Removed Alarms
• There are no removed alarms
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