BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TÁC GIẢ & NHÓM THỰC HIỆN
Đinh Thắng
Giáo viên dạy IELTS tại Hà Nội từ năm 2012.
Chứng chỉ ngành ngôn ngữ Anh, đại học Brighton,
Anh Quốc, 2016. Từng làm việc tại tổ chức giáo dục
quốc tế Language Link Việt Nam (2011-2012). Đạt
học bổng bán phần (75%) của khóa học thạc sỹ
nằm trong chương trình Erasmus Mundus.
Facebook: dinhthangielts
Website: www. ielts-dinhthang.com
Cùng các bạn Luyện Linh, Thu Anh, Đức Duy, Quốc Anh.
0
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC SÁCH BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION
Phần 1. Hiểu bố cục đoạn văn
Trong cuốn sách này, nhóm làm sách giới thiệu 3 cách bố cục thông tin trong đoạn văn
mà bất kỳ ai học cũng nên biết để có thể nắm được cách triển khai nội dung của một
bài đọc trong các văn bản học thuật.
Đó là
1- Discursive passage
2- Descriptive passage
3- Argumentative passage.
Phần 2. Luyện tập phân tích để hiểu nghĩa các câu dài và khó
Nhóm làm sách khuyên bạn nên thực hiện 04 bước để hiểu một câu dài.
Bước 1: Xác định SVO Chính và Phụ của câu. Đặc biệt là V - động từ chính.
Đối với SVO chính, bạn sẽ khó mà hiểu được ý nghĩa của câu nếu SVO chính
bị lược bỏ. Để tìm được SVO chính thì bạn nên tìm động từ chính trước, vì
động từ thường là thành phần ngắn nhất trong khi các chủ ngữ và tân ngữ có
thể rất dài. Bạn cũng cần chú ý rằng một câu có thể có số động từ chính là 2,3
hoặc nhiều hơn.
Đối với SVO phụ, khi bị lược bỏ, người đọc vẫn có thể hiểu dụng ý của người
viết. (SVO phụ thường là Mệnh đề quan hệ, MĐQH rút gọn, Ving O...)
Bước 2: Xác định các phần bị lược, chuyển đổi về cấu trúc đơn giản
Một số câu người viết sử dụng cấu trúc câu phức tạp như Đảo ngữ, hay rút
gọn câu sẽ khiến người đọc hiểu nhầm hoặc cảm thấy khó hiểu. Việc chuyển
đổi câu về cấu trúc thông thường, hoặc tách câu dài thành nhiều câu đơn giúp
câu trở nên sáng tỏ hơn.
Bước 3: Tóm lược ý chính của câu
Sau bước 2, bạn đã phần nào hiểu được dụng ý của người viết. Tuy nhiên,
câu vẫn khá dài. Việc tóm gọn lại ý chính với cách dùng từ và cấu trúc đơn
giản hơn sẽ giúp bạn nhớ được ý chính của câu dễ dàng hơn.
Bước 4: Dịch nghĩa tiếng Việt
1
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Phần dịch nghĩa tiếng Việt được đưa vào để giúp bạn hiểu triệt để hơn về hơn một số
câu phức tạp. Nhóm không khuyến khích các bạn quá lệ thuộc vào phần này. Phần này
chỉ nên tham khảo sau khi các bạn đã thực hiện 3 bước đầu tiên.
Đối với cuốn sách này, các bạn hãy tìm câu tương ứng trong bài đọc và thử xác định
SVO trước khi đối chiếu với sách. Sau khi học xong, các bạn hãy áp dụng cách làm này
với những câu có cấu trúc phức tạp khác mà bạn gặp phải khi làm bất kỳ bài đọc nào.
Khi bạn đã làm nhuần nhuyễn, thì không cần phải qua 3 bước, chỉ cần lướt qua là bạn
đã nắm được ý chính của câu rồi. Hãy nhớ “Practice makes perfect”!
Nếu có câu nào khiến bạn cảm thấy khó hiểu, hãy chia sẻ trong nhóm: Hội chia sẻ sách
Boost your vocabulary
2
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
PHẦN 01
BỐ CỤC THÔNG TIN
TRONG ĐOẠN VĂN
3
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
DISCURSIVE PASSAGE
In a discursive paragraph:
+ They may present contrasting points in an argument or explain a complex theory.
+ The writer may use cohesive devices to explain how the ideas are connected. i.e: furthermore,
as a result, such as, although, however,...
+ The passage contains the theories or views of different people or experts. (including
quotations)
+ Matching features & matching names are typical types of questions in a discursive
paragraph.
4
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
READING PASSAGE 01 - Crop-growing skyscrapers
DISCURSIVE PASSAGE
CONTENT
PURPOSE
STAGE OF
ESSAY
By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population
will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative
estimates to current demographic trends, the human
population will increase by about three billion people by
then. An estimated 109 hectares of new land (about 20%
larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to
feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they
are practised today. At present, throughout the world, over
80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use.
Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by
poor management practices. What can be done to
ensure enough food for the world’s population to live
on?
+ Hook readers’ attention
by giving surprising facts
and statistics
The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse
production of tomatoes and other produce has been in
vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to
scale up this technology to accommodate another three
billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to
indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge
technologies. One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical
Farm’. The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which
food crops are grown in environmentally controlled
conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres, they
would drastically reduce the amount of transportation
required to bring food to consumers. Vertical farms would
need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to
operate. If successfully implemented, proponents claim,
vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal,
+ Answer the question in
the introductory
paragraph. It is also the
topic that will be
discussed in this essay:
+ Introduce readers to
INTRODUCTION
the topic that will be
discussed by a question
(thesis statement)
BODY 1
DESCRIPTION
“One such proposal is for
the ‘Vertical Farm”.
+ Describe the concept of
“Vertical Farm”
(The concept of....is.....)
5
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply
(through year-round production of all crops), and the
eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed
for horizontal farming.
+ Explain the pros of
“vertical farm”:
(would reduce...., If
successfully
implemented,......offer the
promise of....)
It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of
the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we
despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning
verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within
that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species,
in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically
in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans
have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our foodbearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can
do no more than hope for a good weather year. However,
more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing
climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long
droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll
each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.
- Provide evidence and
facts to support the
argument that “Vertical
Farm” is an effective
solution.
BODY 2
EXPLANATION
- Cohesive devices:
Along the way,....
Within that same time
frame........
This mean that..........
However,............
The supporters of vertical farming claim many
potential advantages for the system. For instance,
crops would be produced all year round, as they would be
kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions.
There would be no weather-related crop failures due to
droughts, floods or pests. All the food could be grown
organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides
and fertilisers. The system would greatly reduce the
incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at
the agricultural interface. Although the system would
consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via
methane generation from composting non edible parts of
plants. It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by
+ Topic sentence:
“The supporter
of.....claim that.....”
+ Supporting idea 01:
For instance,....
BODY 03
ARGUMENT
“FOR”
+ Explanation (by
giving results):
There would be....
6
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.
......could be........
This system would.....
+ Supporting idea 02:
Although......, it would.....
+ Explanation (by
giving reason):
.....by...........
A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that
+ Topic sentence:
the plants would require artificial light. Without it, those
A major drawback of.....is
that....
plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more
sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of
the system. Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of
+ Explanation (by
giving reason):
natural overhead light; even so, many still need artificial
Without it.........
lighting. A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead
+ Explanation (by
giving results):
light would require far more. Generating enough light
could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap,
renewable energy is available, and this appears to be
rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near
future.
One variation on vertical farming that has been
developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on
rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough
sunlight. This system is already in operation, and works
well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching
it from above: it is not certain, however, that it can be
made to work without that overhead natural light.
BODY 04
ARGUMENT
“AGAINST”
Generating enough light
could be...............
This appears to
be..............
A counter argument to
address the concern
over the drawbacks of
Vertical Farm in the
previous paragraph 
The writer wishes to
prove his/her point that
‘vertical farming’ is a
good option.
BODY 05
COUNTERARGUMENT
7
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
+ One variation on
vertical farming that has
been developed is to....
+ Moving on.....allow....to
+ This system is
already......
+ It is not certain,
however, that can be
made to....without........
Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted
problems that we face in producing enough food for a
growing population. At the moment, though, more needs
to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have
on the environment, particularly as regards the use of
energy. While it is possible that much of our food will
be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts
currently believe it is far more likely that we will
simply use the space available on urban rooftops.
+ Summary the main idea
of the passage.
+ Restate the writer’s
opinion.
While it is possible
that......., most experts
currently believe it is far
more likely that............
CONCLUSION
8
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
DESCRIPTIVE PASSAGE
Signs of a descriptive passage
+ Specific numbers, date, time, year...
+ Notes/flow-chart/diagrams completion tasks (You may have to look at the
questions; there is a diagram/flow-chart/note completion task. This means that you
should expect to read a description of the stages of a process somewhere in the
passage).
Structures of a descriptive passage
In a descriptive passage, you may expect to find a Chronological Order (it arranges
events according to a time frame):
+ When/What/Who/How: including processes, steps of an event in a certain order......
(Take the structure of this passage as an example)
19 July, 1545
The myth
of Mary
Rose
16 June
16 June
1836
How Mary Rose
was first
discovered
1965- 1982
The challenge
of finding &
raising Mary
Rose
January- October, 1982
The successful process
of raising Mary Rose
For example, Chronological order refers to ordering events in accordance with the
time sequence in which they occurred
9
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TEST 2 - READING PASSAGE 1 - RAISING THE MARY ROSE
DESCRIPTIVE PASSAGE
CONTENT
EXPLANATION
How a sixteenth-century warship was recovered from the
seabed.
Introduce the topic of the
passage
On 19 July 1545, English and French fleets were
engaged in a sea battle off the coast of southern England
in the area of water called the Solent, between
Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight. Among the English
vessels was a warship by the name of Mary Rose. Built
in Portsmouth some 35 years earlier, she had had a
long and successful fighting career, and was a
favourite of King Henry VIII. Accounts of what happened
to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she was not
hit by the French, some maintain that she was outdated,
overladen and sailing too low in the water, others that
she was mishandled by undisciplined crew. What is
undisputed, however, is that the Mary Rose sank into
the Solent that day, taking at least 500 men with her. After
the battle, attempts were made to recover the ship, but
these failed.
19 July 1545: The myth of
Mary Rose:
STAGE
OF
ESSAY
INTRODUCTION
What is it?
Stage 01
By the name of, built in.., a
long successful fighting
career, a favorite of......
What happened to it?
+ While witnesses agree
that...
+ Some maintain that......
+ Others that.....
+ What is undisputed is
that....
+ After.....
+ As a result...........
The Mary Rose came to rest on the seabed, lying on her
starboard (right) side at an angle of approximately 60
degrees. The hull (the body of the ship) acted as a trap for
the sand and mud carried by Solent currents. As a result,
the starboard side filled rapidly, leaving the exposed port
(left) side to be eroded by marine organisms and
mechanical degradation. Because of the way the ship
sank, nearly all of the starboard half survived intact.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,10the
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
+ Because of............
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
entire site became covered with a layer of hard grey clay,
which minimised further erosion.
Then, on 16 June 1836, some fishermen in the Solent
found that their equipment was caught on an underwater
obstruction, which turned out to be the Mary Rose. Diver
John Deane happened to be exploring another sunken
ship nearby, and the fishermen approached him, asking
him to free their gear. Deane dived down, and found the
equipment caught on a timber protruding slightly from the
seabed. Exploring further, he uncovered several other
timbers and a bronze gun. Deane continued diving on the
site intermittently until 1840, recovering several more
guns, two bows, various timbers, part of a pump and
various other small finds.
16 June 1836: How Mary
Rose was first
discovered
The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity for another
hundred years. But in 1965, military historian and
amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the
British Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called ‘Solent
Ships’. While on paper this was a plan to examine a
number of known wrecks in the Solent, what McKee really
hoped for was to find the Mary Rose. Ordinary search
techniques proved unsatisfactory, so McKee entered into
collaboration with Harold E. Edgerton, professor of
electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. In 1967, Edgerton’s side-scan sonar systems
revealed a large, unusually shaped object, which McKee
believed was the Mary Rose.
1965- 1982: The
challenges of finding and
raising Mary Rose:
Further excavations revealed stray pieces of timber and
an iron gun. But the climax to the operation came when,
on 5 May 1971, part of the ship’s frame was uncovered.
McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had
+” knew for certain that...”
Stage 02
+ Some....found that......
+ ....which turned out to be
the Mary Rose....
+ Exploring further, he
uncovered....
+ “initiated a project
called...”
+ “hoped for was to find the
Mary Rose...”
Stage 3
+” believed was the Mary
Rose...”
+” Further excavations
revealed ...”
+” as yet unaware that”
11
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
found the wreck, but were as yet unaware that it also
housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artefacts.
Interest in the project grew, and in 1979, The Mary Rose
Trust was formed, with Prince Charles as its President
and Dr Margaret Rule its Archaeological Director. The
decision whether or not to salvage the wreck was not an
easy one, although an excavation in 1978 had shown that
it might be possible to raise the hull. While the original
aim was to raise the hull if at all feasible, the operation
was not given the go-ahead until January 1982, when
all the necessary information was available.
An important factor in trying to salvage the Mary Rose was
that the remaining hull was an open shell. This led to an
important decision being taken: namely to carry out the
lifting operation in three very distinct stages. The hull
was attached to a lifting frame via a network of bolts and
lifting wires. The problem of the hull being sucked back
downwards into the mud was overcome by using 12
hydraulic jacks. These raised it a few centimetres over a
period of several days, as the lifting frame rose slowly up
its four legs. It was only when the hull was hanging freely
from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction
effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage
operation progressed to the second stage. In this
stage, the lifting frame was fixed to a hook attached to a
crane, and the hull was lifted completely clear of the
seabed and transferred underwater into the lifting cradle.
This required precise positioning to locate the legs into the
stabbing guides’ of the lifting cradle. The lifting cradle was
designed to fit the hull using archaeological survey
drawings, and was fitted with air bags to provide additional
cushioning for the hull’s delicate timber framework. The
third and final stage was to lift the entire structure into
the air, by which time the hull was also supported from
below. Finally, on 11 October 1982, millions of people
around the world held their breath as the timber skeleton
of the Mary Rose was lifted clear of the water, ready to be
returned home to Portsmouth.
+ “it might be possible to
raise the hull...”
+ “the operation was not
given the go-ahead until....”
January 19821- October
1982: The processes of
raising Mary Rose.
Final
Stage
+ “three very distinct
stages...”
+”that the salvage
operation progressed to the
second stage....”
+ “In this stage,...”
+ “The third and final stage
was to...”
+”Finally,...”
12
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
ARGUMENTATIVE PASSAGE
In an argumentative passage, the writer agrees or disagrees with an issue by using
reasons, evidence to convince readers that his/her opinion is right.
Signs of an argumentative passage in IELTS Reading:
- Argumentative texts: The writer usually chooses words which indicate their attitude
towards a topic. (Example: confusing, harsh, catastrophic, realistic...)
- Yes/No/Not Given Tasks: You may expect to find a Y/N/NG task in an
argumentative text. You will be asked whether or not the statements in the questions
match the view of the writer.
- Multiple choice questions: In this task, you may be asked to specify the writer’s
opinions.
Outlines of an argumentative essay
Block Pattern
Point-by-point Pattern
I. Introduction
-Explanation of the issue, including
a summary of the other side's
arguments
-Thesis statement
I. Introduction
-Explanation of the issue
-Thesis statement
II.
II. Body
II. Body
Block 1
A. Summary of other side's arguments
B. Rebuttal to the first argument
C. Rebuttal to the second argument
D. Rebuttal to the third argument
A. Statement of the other side's first
argument and rebuttal with your
own counterargument
B. Statement of the other side's second
argument and rebuttal with your own
counterargument
C. Statement of the other side's third
argument and rebuttal with your own
counterargument
III. Conclusion-may include a summary
of your point of view
Block 2
E. Your first argument
F. Your second argument
G. Your third argument
III. Conclusion-may include a summary
of your point of view
13
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TEST 2: READING PASSAGE 3
Neuroaesthetics
CONTENT
EXPLANATION
An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is
seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the study of
art, and has already given us a better
understanding of many masterpieces. The
blurred imagery of Impressionist paintings seems to
stimulate the brain's amygdala, for instance. Since
the amygdala plays a crucial role in our
feelings, that finding might explain why many
people find these pieces so moving.
Could the same approach also shed light on
abstract twentieth-century pieces, from
Mondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to
Pollock's seemingly haphazard arrangements of
splashed paint on canvas? Sceptics believe that
people claim to like such works simply because
they are famous. We certainly do have an
inclination to follow the crowd. When asked to
make simple perceptual decisions such as
matching a shape to its rotated image, for
example, people often choose a definitively wrong
answer if they see others doing the same. It is easy
to imagine that this mentality would have even
more impact on a fuzzy concept like art
appreciation, where there is no right or wrong
answer.
STAGE
OF
ESSAY
+ Introduce the term
‘neuroaethtics’ and its
applications in the study of art.
+ Thesis statement:
Neuroaeshetic plays an
important role in the study of art.
INTROD
UCTION
Topic sentence: Could the
same approach also shed light
on abstract twentieth-century
pieces,..... to Pollock's seemingly
haphazard arrangements of
splashed paint on canvas?
BODY 1
- Statement of the other side's
first argument:
Sceptics believe that people
claim to like such works simply
because they are famous.
Explanation : We certainly do
have an inclination to follow the
crowd
Example: When asked to make
14
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
simple perceptual decisions....
-Conclusion: “It is easy to
imagine that.............”
Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College,
Massachusetts, responded to this debate by
asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either
the creations of famous abstract artists or the
doodles of infants, chimps and elephants. They
then had to judge which they preferred. A third of
the paintings were given no captions, while many
were labelled incorrectly -volunteers might think
they were viewing a chimp's messy brushstrokes
when they were actually seeing an acclaimed
masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers
generally preferred the work of renowned artists,
even when they believed it was by an animal or a
child. It seems that the viewer can sense the
artist's vision in paintings, even if they can't explain
why.
+ The writer’s counter
arguments against the
argument of sceptics
BODY 2
-Giving evidence and
experiments of an expert.
+ Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of
Boston College, Massachusetts,
responded to this debate
by......
+ They then had to judge
which....
+ In each set of trials.....
+ It seems that.......
-The results is that people can
sense the artist’s vision, even if
they did not know who created it.
Robert Pepperell, an artist based at Cardiff
University, creates ambiguous works that are
neither entirely abstract nor clearly representational.
In one study, Pepperell and his collaborators
asked volunteers to decide how' powerful' they
considered an artwork to be, and whether they saw
anything familiar in the piece. The longer they
took to answer these questions, the more highly
they rated the piece under scrutiny, and the greater
their neural activity. It would seem that the brain
sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is
to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the
moment of recognition.
+ The writer gives a series of
experiments to answer the question in
the 1st body paragraph: “Could the same
approach also shed light on abstract
twentieth-century pieces from Mondrian's
geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's
seemingly haphazard arrangements of
splashed paint on canvas?”
BODY
3
*Useful words to describe an
experiment:
- In one study,....
- The longer they took...., the more
highly they rated,....
- It would seem that.....
15
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
And what about artists such as Mondrian, whose
paintings consist exclusively of horizontal and
vertical lines encasing blocks of colour? Mondrian's
works are deceptively simple, but eye-tracking
studies confirm that they are meticulously
composed, and that simpily rotating a piece
radically changes the way we view it. With the
originals, volunteers' eyes tended to stay longer on
certain places in the image, but with the altered
versions they would flit across a piece more rapidly.
As a result, the volunteers considered the altered
versions less pleasurable when they later rated the
work.
-........studies confirm that......
-As a result,......
- In a similar study,.....
- He found that......
- In another experiments,....analyzed.....
- Her results suggest that...
- According to....
- What’s more,....
- It is possible that.........
In a similar study, Oshin Vartanian of Toronto
University asked volunteers to compare original
paintings with ones which he had altered by moving
objects around within the frame. He found that
almost everyone preferred the original, whether it
was a Van Gogh still life or an abstract by Miro.
Vartanian also found that changing the
composition of the paintings reduced activation in
those brain areas linked with meaning and
interpretation.
In another experiment, Alex Forsythe of the
University of Liverpool analysed the visual intricacy
of different pieces of art, and her results suggest
that many artists use a key level of detail to please
the brain. Too little and the work is boring, but too
much results in a kind of 'perceptual overload',
according to Forsythe. What's more, appealing
pieces both abstract and representational, show
signs of 'fractals' - repeated motifs recurring in
different scales, fractals are common throughout
nature, for example in the shapes of mountain
peaks or the branches of trees. It is possible that
our visual system, which evolved in the great
16
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
outdoors, finds it easier to process such patterns.
It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process
movement when we see a handwritten letter, as if
we are replaying the writer's moment of creation.
This has led some to wonder whether Pollock's
works feel so dynamic because the brain
reconstructs the energetic actions the artist used as
he painted. This may be down to our brain's 'mirror
neurons', which are known to mimic others'
actions. The hypothesis will need to be thoroughly
tested, however. It might even be the case that
we could use neuroaesthetic studies to
understand the longevity of some pieces of
artwork. While the fashions of the time might shape
what is currently popular, works that are best
adapted to our visual system may be the most
likely to linger once the trends of previous
generations have been forgotten.
It's still early days for the field of neuroaesthetics and these studies are probably only a taste of what
is to come. It would, however, be foolish to reduce
art appreciation to a set of scientific laws. We
shouldn't underestimate the importance of the style
of a particular artist, their place in history and the
artistic environment of their time. Abstract art offers
both a challenge and the freedom to play with
different interpretations. In some ways, it's not so
different to science, where we are constantly
looking for systems and decoding meaning so that
we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.
The writer’s counter
arguments against the idea of
the argument in the 1st body
paragraph (We certainly do have
an inclination to follow the crowd)
 It might even be the case
that we could use
neuroaesthetic studies to
understand the longevity of
some pieces of artwork.
BODY 4
Summary the writer’s point of
view
+ “these studies are probably only a
taste of what is to come”
+” It would, however, be foolish to
reduce art appreciation....”
+ “We shouldn't underestimate the
importance of the style of a
particular artist,...”
CONCLUSION
+” In some ways, it's not so different
to science,...and decoding meaning
so that we can view and appreciate
the world in a new way”.
17
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
PHẦN 02
PHÂN TÍCH VÀ ĐỌC HIỂU CÁC
CÂU DÀI VÀ KHÓ
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
18
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TEST 1
READING PASSAGE 01
CROP-GROWING SKYSCRAPERS
Sentence 01
1. Original sentence = Câu gốc được nhóm làm sách chọn lựa trong bài đọc để phân tích và giải nghĩa
By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population(chủ ngữ) will live (động từ chính) in
urban centres. Applying (động từ phụ) the most conservative estimates to current demographic
trends, the human population(chủ ngữ) will increase (động từ chính) by about three billion
people by then.
By (time), S V. Ving O, S V.
Trạng từ
chỉ thời gian
Mệnh đề chính
(màu đỏ)
Mệnh đề phụ
(màu xám)
2. Complete sentence
=Diễn giải lại câu đầy đủ nhất bao gồm những phần đã được người viết lược đi nhằm giúp
người đọc hiểu đầy đủ nhất dụng ý của người viết hay chủ thể được nói đến trong câu
Nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres by the year 2050. The
human population will increase by about three billion people by then (if we) apply the
most conservative estimates to current demographic trends.
3. Summary =Tóm lược ý chính của câu sao cho ngắn gọn nhất với cấu trúc và từ ngữ đơn giản, dễ hiểu)
Nearly 80% of people on Earth will live in urban centres by the year 2050. The human
population will at least increase by about three billion people by then according to the
study of population.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese =Dịch nghĩa câu gốc sang tiếng Việt
Tính đến năm 2050, gần 80% dân số Trái Đất sẽ sinh sống ở những trung tâm đô thị.
Nếu áp dụng cách ước tính thận trọng nhất vào xu hướng nhân khẩu học hiện tại, dân
số thế giới sẽ tăng khoảng 3 tỷ người cho đến lúc đó.
19
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Sentence 02
1. Original sentence
If successfully implemented (động từ phụ), proponents claim (động từ chính), vertical
farms offer (động từ phụ) the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a
safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the
eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed (động từ phụ) for horizontal
farming.
If V-PII, S V (that), S V O1, O2, and O3 that VO
Từ (that) thứ nhất nằm trong câu đầy đủ, còn câu gốc thì đã được rút gọn từ that này.
Xem phần 2.complete sentence ở ngay bên dưới.
2. Complete sentence
Proponents claim (that) if (vertical farms are) successfully implemented, vertical farms
offer the promise of urban renewal, (vertical farms offer) sustainable production of a
safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and eventually
(vertical farms offer) the repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal
farming.
Ở đây S=proponents V= claim được chuyển lên đầu câu để thuận tiện việc đọc hiểu.
3. Summary
People believe that if this model is successful, vertical farms will help to renew urban
areas, make sustainable food products of many kinds, and eventually repair the
ecosystems that have been damaged by horizontal farming.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Những người ủng hộ ý tưởng này khẳng định rằng nếu được áp dụng thành công, các
nông trại theo chiều dọc hứa hẹn sẽ làm mới đô thị, đem lại sự sản xuất bền vững
nguồn thực phẩm an toàn và đa dạng (thông qua việc sản xuất quanh năm mọi cây
lương thực), và cuối cùng là sự khôi phục lại hệ thống sinh thái trước kia đã phải hy sinh
cho mô hình canh tác theo chiều ngang truyền thống.
Sentence 03
1. Original sentence
It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for
granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning
verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.
S V O (that) SV. Along the way, S V O (that) SV, Ving O
2. Complete sentence
20
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops (that) we now take
for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land (that) we worked. This action
often turns verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.
3. Summary
Humans spent 10,000 years learning how to grow most of the crops that we now do not
value. Along the way, we damaged most of the land we worked, thus making natural
ecozones deserts.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Con người đã phải mất 10000 năm để học cách trồng hầu hết các giống cây trồng lương
thực mà hiện nay chúng ta coi là hiển nhiên. Trong quá trình đó, chúng ta đã làm thoái
hóa hầu hết vùng đất chúng ta đã canh tác và vì thế thường biến chúng từ những khu
sinh thái tự nhiên xanh tươi trở thành những sa mạc bán khô cằn.
Sentence 04
1. Original sentence
This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we
subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no
more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a
rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens.
S V that SVO, yet S V O and V O. However, due to smth, S V what V.
2. Complete sentence
This means that, for the majority, we (as) humans have shelter from the elements, yet
we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and (we) can do
no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to
a rapidly changing climate, that (a good weather year) is not what happens.
3. Summary
The majority of humans are protected from the bad weather, but we make our foodbearing plants experience the bad weather conditions and hope for a good weather
year. However, that now cannot happen because the climate is changing quickly.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Điều này có nghĩa là, hầu hết loài người chúng ta được che chở khỏi những yếu tố thời
tiết xấu, nhưng chúng ta lại để mặc cho những loài cây sản xuất lương thực chống chọi
với điều kiện khắc nghiệt bên ngoài và chúng ta chẳng thể làm được gì ngoài hy vọng
cho một năm mưa thuận gió hòa. Tuy nhiên, điều đó bây giờ càng khó xảy ra vì thời tiết
thay đổi nhanh chóng
21
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Sentence 05
1. Original sentence
A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial
light. Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight
and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system.
However, S V that SVO.Without it, S V O and V, Ving O
2. Complete sentence
However, a major drawback of vertical farming is that the plants would require artificial
light. Without (artificial light), those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to
more sunlight and (those plants) grow more quickly. This reduces the efficiency of the
system.
3. Summary
However, a big disadvantage of vertical farming is that the plants need artificial light.
Without it, those plants nearest the windows would get more sunlight and grow more
quickly, so the system becomes less effective.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tuynhiên, một nhược điểm lớn của mô hình canh tác theo chiều dọc là những loài cây
cần ánh sáng nhân tạo. Không có ánh sáng này, những cây gần những cửa sổ nhất sẽ
tiếp xúc với nhiều ánh sáng hơn và phát triển nhanh hơn, làm giảm hiệu quả của cả hệ
thống.
Sentence 06
1. Original sentence
Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable
energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood
for the near future.
S V O unless SV, and S V O
*cheap, renewable energy = Noun Phrase = [Adjective 1, Adjective 2 Noun]
2. Complete sentence
Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable
energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for
the near future.
3. Summary
Producing enough light could be very expensive unless we have cheap and renewable
energy to use, and this seems to be a hope for future, not a possible thing in the near
future.
22
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Việc tạo ra đủ ánh sáng có thể quá đắt đỏ, trừ khi chúng ta có sẵn nguồn năng lượng
có thể tái tạo được và giá rẻ; và điều này có vẻ như là một mong muốn cho tương lai
hơn là một khả năng trong tương lai gần.
Sentence 07
1. Original sentence
At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it
would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy.
At the moment, S V ...the detrimental impact (that) SVO, particulary as regards O.
2. Complete sentence
However, at the moment, more (attempt) needs to be done to reduce the detrimental
impact that it (=vertical farming) would have on the environment, particularly as regards
the use of energy.
3. Summary
However, at the moment, we need to do more things to reduce the bad impact of
vertical farming on the environment, particularly impacts related to the use of energy.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tuy nhiên, hiện tại chúng ta cần làm nhiều việc hơn để giảm thiểu ảnh hưởng có hại
của mô hình canh tác theo chiều dọc đến môi trường, đặc biệt là liên quan đến việc sử
dụng năng lượng.
Sentence 08
1. Original sentence
While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most
experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available
on urban rooftops.
While SV (that) SV, S V (that) S V that SVO.
2. Complete sentence
While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, currently
most experts believe (that) it is far more likely that we will simply use the space
available on urban rooftops.
3. Summary
Although much of our food will be able to be grown in tall buildings in future, most
experts now believe that we will possibly use the space on urban rooftops.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
23
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Mặc dù có khả năng rằng rất nhiều loại lương thực của chúng ta sẽ được trồng ở các
tòa cao ốc trong tương lai, tuy nhiên hiện tại hầu hết các chuyên gia đều tin rằng nhiều
khả năng chúng ta đơn giản là sẽ sử dụng không gian sẵn có trên các mái nhà đô thị
mà thôi.
READING PASSAGE 02
THE FALKIRK WHEEL
Sentence 01
1. Original sentence
Historically, the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of
11 locks - enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered
- that stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km.
S V –[...]- that V
Note:[...]=(which) (be) O in which SV
2. Complete sentence
Historically, the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of
11 locks which are enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised
or lowered. These 11 locks stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km.
3. Summary
The two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a series of 11 locks
becoming walls of canal in which the water level that stepped down across a distance of
1.5 km could be raised or lowered.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Về mặt lịch sử, hai kênh đào này được nối với nhau gần thị trấn Falkkirk bởi một dãy
gồm 11 cửa- đây là các đoạn đóng kín của kênh trong đó mực nước có thể được nâng
lên hoặc hạ xuống- Các cửa này được hạ thấp dần trong suốt một đoạn dài 1,5km.
Sentence 02
1. Original sentence
When the project was launched in 1994, the British Waterways authority were keen to
create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark which would not only be a fitting
commemoration of the Millennium, but also a lasting symbol of the economic
regeneration of the region.
When SV, S V O which V not only O1, but also O2
2. Complete sentence
24
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
When the project was launched in 1994, the British Waterways authority were keen to
create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark .This landmark would not only be a
fitting commemoration of the Millennium, but it is also a lasting symbol of the economic
regeneration of the region.
3. Summary
When the project started in 1994, the authorities of British Waterways wanted to create
a landmark which will be a fitting ceremonies of the Millennium and a symbol of the
economic recovery of the region.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Khi dự án được khởi công năm 1994, cơ quan quản lý đường thủy của Anh đã có ý định
tạo ra một dấu mốc ấn tượng của thế kỷ 21. Đây không chỉ là một công trình tưởng
niệm phù hợp của Thiên niên kỷ mà còn là biểu tượng lâu dài của sự phục hồi kinh tế
của vùng.
Sentence 03
1. Original sentence
The unique shape of the structure is claimed to have been inspired by various sources,
both manmade and natural, most notably a Celtic double headed axe, but also the vast
turning propeller of a ship, the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish.
S V by smth, most notably O1, but also O2
2. Complete sentence
It is claimed that the unique shape of the structure has been inspired by various
sources, which are both manmade and natural. This shape has been inspired most
notably by a Celtic double headed axe, but also the vast turning propeller of a ship, the
ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish.
3. Summary
The unique shape of the structure has been inspired by both manmade and natural
sources, including most remarkably a Celtic double headed axe, the propeller of a ship,
the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Hình dạng độc đáo của cấu trúc này được cho là được lấy cảm hứng từ nhiều nguồn
khác nhau, bao gồm cả nhân tạo lẫn tự nhiên, đáng chú ý nhất là hình dạng một cái búa
hai đầu thời Celtic, nhưng cũng có những cánh quạt quay khổng lồ của một con tàu,
xương sườn của một con cá voi, hay xương sống của một con cá.
Sentence 04
1. Original sentence
25
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
In the summer of 2001, the structure was then dismantled and transported on 35 lorries
to Falkirk, before all being bolted back together again on the ground, and finally lifted
into position in five large sections by crane.
In (time),S V1 and V2, before SV, and V.
2. Complete sentence
In the summer of 2001, the structure was then dismantled and transported on 35 lorries
to Falkirk, before it (the structure) was bolted back together again on the ground, and
finally it (the structure) was lifted into position in five large sections by crane.
3. Summary
In 2001, the system was taken apart into smaller pieces and carried to Falkirl by 35
lorries. Next, it was bolted back together again on the ground. Finally, it was lifted into
positions in five large sections by crane.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Vào mùa hè năm 2001, cấu trúc này sau đó được tháo dỡ và vận chuyển trên 35 chiếc
xe tải về thị trấn Falkirk trước khi chúng được bắt vít với nhau trở lại trên mặt đất, và
cuối cùng được nâng lên vào vị trí ở 5 phần lớn bằng cần trục.
Sentence 05
1. Original sentence
Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width, connected by two
smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs - so ensuring that the
gondolas always remain level.
S V O, (which) V by smth - so Ving that SVO
2. Complete sentence
Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width. These cogs are
connected by two smaller cogs which travel in the opposite direction to the outer cogs.
This ensures that the gondolas always remain level.
3. Summary
Two cogs orbit a fixed cog of the same width, connected by two smaller cogs travelling
in the opposite direction to the outer cogs. This ensures that the gondolas always
remain level.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Hai bánh răng cưa rộng tám mét quay quanh một răng cưa bên trong cố định có cùng
độ rộng được nối bởi hai bánh răng cưa nhỏ hơn quay theo hướng ngược lại với các
bánh răng cưa bên ngoài- do đó đảm bảo rằng các khoang chứa luôn duy trì ở mức độ
như nhau.
26
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Sentence 06
1. Original sentence
The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference
between the two canals, owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine
Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD.
S V, Ving O, which V by smb
2. Complete sentence
The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference
between the two canals. This is because of the presence of the historically important
Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD.
3. Summary
The Wheel could not be built to lift up boats over the full 35-metre difference between
the two canals because there was the Antonine Wall built by the Romans in the second
century AD.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Bánh xe không được xây dựng để nâng thuyền vượt quá sự chênh lệch tối đa 35 mét
giữa hai kênh đào do sự hiện diện của bức tường Antonine lịch sử được xây dựng bởi
người La Mã vào thế kỷ thứ 2 sau Công nguyên.
READING PASSAGE 03
Reducing the Effects of Climate Change
Sentence 01
1. Original sentence
Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide
already released into the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global
warming is now inevitable.
Inversion: Such is O, and such is O that SVO.
e.g. Such was a difficult question that I couldn’t answer = It is such a difficult question
that I couldn’t answer.
2. Complete sentence
Both our dependence on fossil fuels and the volume of carbon dioxide that has been
already released into the atmosphere are so great that many experts agree that
significant global warming is now inevitable.
27
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
3. Summary
Because we depend so much on fossil fuels and release a great amount of CO2, many
experts agree that we now cannot stop global warming.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Sự phụ thuộc của chúng ta vào nhiên liệu hóa thạch và lượng carbon dioxide đã thải ra
bầu khí quyển lớn đến nỗi mà các chuyên gia cũng phải đồng ý rằng hiện tượng nóng
lên toàn cầu đáng kể như hiện nay là không thể tránh khỏi.
Sentence 02
1. Original sentence
For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies,
aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds.
For decades, S V, (and) O which VO.
2. Complete sentence
For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, and
aircrafts which have deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse
clouds.
3. Summary
For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies.
Aircrafts with some kinds of chemical substances can make clouds go away.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Trong nhiều thập kỷ, những cuộc diễu hành nhân ngày Quốc tế Lao động đã diễn ra
dưới bầu trời xanh, máy bay đã phải thả băng khô, bạc iodide và bột xi măng để làm tan
mây.
Sentence 03
1. Original sentence
The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out - which include planting
forests in deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth.
S V – [...]- VO
Note: [...]= which VO
2. Complete sentence
The majority of geo-engineering projects that have been carried out so far - which
include planting forests in deserts and include depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate
the growth of algae –have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth.
28
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
3. Summary
Most geo-engineering projects - which include planting forests in deserts and dropping
iron in the ocean to speed up the growth of algae – have focused on making the Earth
cooler.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Phần lớn các dự án địa kỹ thuật đã được tiến hành cho đến nay, bao gồm việc trồng
rừng trên sa mạc và việc thả sắt ra đại dương để kích thích sự phát triển của tảo, đều
tập trung vào mục đích là làm giảm nhiệt độ trung bình của Trái Đất.
Sentence 04
1. Original sentence
Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow an absorb radiation,
birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the
snow.
Whereas SVO, S V O, thus Ving O
2. Complete sentence
Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation,
birches would shed their leaves in winter, and therefore this enables radiation to be
reflected by the snow.
3. Summary
Whereas evergreen pines shade the snow and take in radiation, birches would lose
their leaves in winter. This makes radiation be reflected by the snow.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Trong khi những cây thông thường xanh của vùng bản địa phủ bóng lên tuyết và hấp
thụ nguồn bức xạ, thì những cây bạch dương lại rụng lá vào mùa đông, do đó khiến cho
nguồn bức xạ bị phản chiếu lại bởi tuyết.
Sentence 05
1. Original sentence
Re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be
used to slow down warming, say some climate scientists.
S say that SVO
2. Complete sentence
Some climate scientists say that re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to
ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming.
3. Summary
29
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Scientists believe changing the direction of Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to
ice-forming areas could help with global warming.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Một số nhà khoa học khí tượng cho rằng, việc định hướng lại dòng chảy của các dòng
sông ở Nga để tăng lên dòng nước lạnh chảy vào các vùng tạo băng có thể được sử
dụng để làm chậm quá trình nóng lên.
Sentence 06
1. Original sentence
And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally
guarded about the role of geo-engineering: 'I think all of us agree that if we were to end
geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered
condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years. That’s certainly
something to worry about.’
And S V: S V (that) S V that if S (V-simple past) O, then S would V O. That S V O
2. Complete sentence
And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally
guarded about the role of geo-engineering: 'I think all of us agree that if we were to end
geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered
condition very rapidly, and probably this would happen within ten to twenty years. That’s
certainly something to worry about.’
3. Summary
Dr Phil Rasch equally emphasizes the role of geo-engineering: ‘if we ended geoengineering some day, then the planet would quickly return to the poor conditions in the
past. That’s certainly something to worry about.’
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Và tiến sĩ Phil Rasch thuộc Viên thí nghiệm quốc gia Tây Bắc Thái Bình Dương có trụ
sở đặt tại Mỹ cũng bảo vệ một cách tương tự về vai trò của địa kỹ thuật: ‘ Tôi nghĩ tất cả
chúng ta đều đồng ý rằng nếu chúng ta dừng việc áp dụng địa kỹ thuật vào một ngày
nào đó, thì chỉ trong vòng 10 đến 20 năm hành tinh có thể sẽ trở lại trạng thái trước khi
kỹ thuật ra đời. Đó chắc chắn là một điều đáng lo ngại’.
Sentence 07
1. Original sentence
‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or to seed clouds would act to
cool the planet, and act to increase the extent of sea ice,’ says Rasch. ‘But all the
models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation.’
S say (that) SV1O and V2O. But S V O
30
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
2. Complete sentence
Rasch says, ‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or plans to seed
clouds would act to cool the planet, and act to increase the extent of sea ice,’. ‘But all
the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation.’
3. Summary
‘Geo-engineering plans are to add sprays into the atmosphere or to produce rain, which
would help to cool the planet and recover sea ice.’ ‘But all the models have shown some
impact on rainfall.’
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Rasch cho biết, ‘Cách làm của kỹ thuật địa khí hậu bao gồm việc đưa sương vào tầng
bình lưu hoặc việc tạo ra mưa để làm mát Trái đất và đồng thời cũng làm mở rộng vùng
biển băng,’. ‘Nhưng tất cả mọi mô hình đều chỉ ra một số ảnh hưởng đến việc phân bổ
lượng mưa.’
Sentence 08
1. Original sentence
“A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot “, says Dr Dan
Hunt, from the University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied
the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate.
2. Complete sentence
Dr Dan Hunt, from the University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has
studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate, says: ‘A
further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot “.
S who VO say: ‘SV that SV’.
3. Summary
Dr Dan Hunt, who has studied the possible impacts of the sunshade and aerosol plans
on the climate says: ‘The disadvantage of geo-engineering projects is that you can go
further than you expect’.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tiến sĩ Dr. Dan Hunt, từ Khoa Khoa học Địa vật lý của trường Đại học Bristol, người đã
nghiên cứu những tác động có thể đến khí hậu của đề án che ánh nắng và tạo sương
mù: “Một nguy cơ nữa của những dự án liên quan đến kỹ thuật địa khí hậu đó là chúng
ta có thể bị “quá tay”.
Sentence 09
1. Original sentence
31
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife
Fund’s International Arctic Programme, ‘Human-induced climate change has brought
humanity to a position where we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic
and its possibilities.’
According to smb, ‘S V O to a position where SVO’
2. Complete sentence (*unchanged)
According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife
Fund’s International Arctic Programme, ‘Human-induced climate change has brought
humanity to a position where we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic
and its possibilities.’
3. Summary
According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, ‘Climate change caused by human activities has
made us to think carefully about this topic and its possibilities.’
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Theo tiến sĩ Dr Martin Sommerkorn, cố vấn về biến đổi khí hậu cho chương trình Bắc
Cực quốc tế thuộc Quỹ Quốc tế Bảo vệ Thiên nhiên, ‘Biến đổi khí hậu gây ra bởi con
người đã đẩy nhân loại đến tình thế không thể không cân nhắc một cách kỹ lưỡng về
chủ đề này và những khả năng có thể xảy ra.’
32
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TEST 2
READING PASSAGE 01
Raising the Mary Rose
Sentence 01
1. Original sentence
On 19 July 1545, English and French fleets were engaged in a sea battle off the coast
of southern England in the area of water called the Solent, between Portsmouth and the
Isle of Wight.
S V in the area of water (which is) V
2. Complete sentence
On 19 July 1545, English and French fleets were engaged in a sea battle off the coast
of southern England in the area of water (which is) called the Solent, (which is located)
between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight.
3. Summary
On 19 July 1545, the sea war between English and French fleets happened in the area
of water called the Solent.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ngày 19 tháng 7 năm 1545, các hạm đội Anh và Pháp đã chạm trán với nhau ngoài
khơi ở bờ biển phía Nam nước Anh thuộc vùng biển Solent nằm giữa Portsmouth và
đảo Wight.
Sentence 02
1. Original sentence
Accounts of what happened to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she was not
hit by the French, some maintain that she was outdated, overladen and sailing too low
in the water, others that she was mishandled by undisciplined crew.
S V: while S V thatSVO, S V thatSVO, S thatSVO
2. Complete sentence
Accounts of what happened to the ship vary: while witnesses agree that she (Mary
Rose) was not hit by the French, some people maintain that she (Mary Rose) was
33
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
outdated, overladen and sailing too low in the water, other people (say) that she (Mary
Rose) was mishandled by undisciplined crew.
3. Summary
There are different opinions about what happened to the ship: while viewers agree that
she was not hit by the French, some think that she was too old, filled with too many
things and was sailing too low in the water, others say that she was out of control by
irresponsible crew.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Những báo cáo khác nhau về điều gì đã xảy ra với con tàu là khác nhau: Trong khi
những nhân chứng đồng ý rằng Mary Rose không bị đâm bởi người Pháp, thì một số
lại quả quyết rằng con tàu đã bị lỗi thời, quá tải và được lái quá thấp dưới nước, những
người khác lại cho rằng con tàu bị mất kiểm soát bởi những thủy thủ vô kỷ luật.
Sentence 03
1. Original sentence
The Mary Rose came to rest on the seabed, lying on her starboard (right) side at an
angle of approximately 60 degrees. The hull (the body of the ship) acted as a trap for the
sand and mud carried by Solent currents.
S V O, Ving+O. S V O sand and mud (which was) VO
2. Complete sentence
The Mary Rose came to rest on the seabed, lying on her starboard (right) side at an
angle of approximately 60 degrees. The hull (the body of the ship) acted as a trap for the
sand and mud (which were) carried by Solent currents.
3. Summary
The Mary Rose came to rest on the seabed, lying on her right side at an angle of nearly
60 degrees. The body of the ship contained the sand and mud carried by Solent
currents.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tàu Mary Rose đã ngủ yên nơi đáy biển, nằm nghiêng về mạn phải của nó một góc xấp
xỉ 60 độ. Thân tàu trở thành nơi chứa cát và bùn của dòng chảy Solent mang vào.
Sentence 04
1. Original sentence
Diver John Deane happened to be exploring another sunken ship nearby, and the
fishermen approached him, asking him to free their gear. Deane dived down, and
found the equipment caught on a timber protruding slightly from the seabed.
S V O, and S V O, VingO. S V, and V O, Ving O
2. Complete sentence
34
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Diver John Deane happened to be exploring another sunken ship nearby, and the
fishermen approached him, asking him to free their gear. Deane dived down, and found
the equipment caught on a timber (which protruded) slightly from the seabed.
3. Summary
The fishermen asked John Deane to free their gear while he was searching another
sunken ship nearby. Deane dived down, and found the equipment caught on a piece of
wood on the seabed.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Thợ lặn John Deane tình cờ đang khám phá một chiếc tàu bị đắm khác gần đó và người
ngư dân tìm đến, nhờ anh gỡ vướng cho thiết bị của họ. Deane lặn xuống và tìm thấy
thiết bị đã mắc kẹt vào một thanh gỗ hơi nhô ra từ phía đáy biển.
Sentence 05
1. Original sentence
The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity for another hundred years. But in 1965,
military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British
Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project called ‘Solent Ships’.
S V O. But S V O,Ved+O
Complete sentence
The Mary Rose then faded into obscurity for another hundred years. But in 1965,
military historian and amateur diver Alexander McKee, in conjunction with the British
Sub-Aqua Club, initiated a project (which was) called ‘Solent Ships’.
2. Summary
The Mary Rose then was forgotten for another hundred years. But in 1965, Alexander
McKee, together with the British Sub-Aqua Club, started a project called ‘Solent Ships’.
3. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tàu Mary Rose sau đó đi dần vào quên lãng trong 100 năm tiếp theo. Nhưng năm
1965, nhà sử học quân sự và thợ lặn nghiệp dư Alexander McKee, phối hợp cùng với
Hội thợ lặn Anh, đã khởi xướng một dự án gọi là “Những chiến hạm Solent”.
Sentence 06
1. Original sentence
Further excavations revealed stray pieces of timber and an iron gun. But the climax to
the operation came when, on 5 May 1971, part of the ship’s frame was uncovered.
S V O. but S VwhenSV
2. Complete sentence
Further excavations revealed stray pieces of timber and an iron gun. But the climax to
the operation came when, on 5 May 1971, part of the ship’s frame was uncovered.
35
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
3. Summary
Further explorations discovered single pieces of wood and an iron gun. But the peak of
the operation came when part of the ship’s frame was found.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Các cuộc khai quật mở rộng đã phát hiện những mảnh gỗ rải rác và một khẩu súng
bằng sắt. Nhưng đỉnh điểm của quá trình lắp ráp lại con tàu này diễn ra vào ngày 5
Tháng 5, 1971, khi một phần khung tàu đã được tìm thấy.
Sentence 07
1. Original sentence
McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had found the wreck, but were as
yet unaware that it also housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artefacts.
S V thatSVO, but V thatSVO
as yet =…until and including this time
2. Complete sentence
McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had found the wreck, but (they)
were as yet unaware that it (the wreck) also housed a treasure trove of beautifully
preserved artefacts.
3. Summary
McKee and his team now knew for sure that they had found the wreck, but did not know
that it also contained a large number of valuable, well-protected things.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
McKee cùng đồng đội của ông hiện đã biết chắc chắn rằng họ đã tìm ra xác con tàu
đắm nhưng lại không biết rằng nó cũng là nơi chứa đựng một kho báu những hiện vật
được bảo quản một cách đẹp mắt.
Sentence 08
1. Original sentence
While the original aim was to raise the hull if at all feasible, the operation was not given
the go-ahead until January 1982, when all the necessary information was available.
WhileSVO, S V O, whenSVO
2. Complete sentence
While the original aim was to raise the hull if at all feasible, the operation was not given
the go-ahead until January 1982, when all the necessary information was available.
3. Summary
Although the first aim was to raise the body of the ship if at all possible, the operation
was not accepted until January 1982, when there was all the necessary information.
36
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Mặc dù mục đích ban đầu là trục vớt thân tàu nếu có khả thi, thì quá trình lắp ráp con
tàu này lại không được cho phép thực hiện cho đến tháng 1 năm 1982 khi tất cả những
thông tin cần thiết đều được cung cấp.
Sentence 09
1. Original sentence
These raised it a few centimetres over a period of several days, as the lifting frame rose
slowly up its four legs. It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting
frame, clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the
salvage operation progressed to the second stage.
S V O. S V whenSVOthatSVO
2. Complete sentence
These (12 hydraulic jacks) raised it (the body of the ship) a few centimetres over a
period of several days, as the lifting frame rose slowly up its four legs. It was only when
the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction
effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second
stage.
3. Summary
These raised the body of the ship a few centimetres over several days in the same way
the lifting frame raised its four legs. The second stage happens only when the body of
the ship was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the force of
the surrounding mud.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Các đòn bẩy này đã nâng thân tàu lên được vài centimet trong vài ngày, giống như
cách khung đỡ đã nâng từ từ 4 chân trụ lên. Chỉ khi thân tàu được treo lơ lửng từ khung
đỡ, ra khỏi đáy biển và khỏi lực hút của bùn lầy xung quanh thì hoạt động cứu hộ sẽ
tiến hành giai đoạn 2.
READING PASSAGE 02
What destroyed the civilisation of Easter Island?
Sentence 01
1. Original sentence
The moai were carved with stone tools, then transported for many kilometres, without
the use of animals or wheels, to massive stone platforms.
SV
2. Complete sentence
37
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
The moai were carved with stone tools, then (the moai were) transported for many
kilometres, without the use of animals or wheels, to massive stone platforms.
3. Summary
The moai were created by stone tools, then carried for many kilometres to a huge stone
platform without the use of animals or wheels.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Các tượng moai được chạm khắc với các công cụ bằng đá, sau đó được vận chuyển
nhiều cây số đến những nền đá đồ sộ mà không sử dụng sức kéo động vật hay bánh
xe.
Sentence 02
1. Original sentence
Local folklore maintains that the statues walked, while researchers have tended to
assume the ancestors dragged the statues somehow, using ropes and logs.
S V thatSV, whileSVO. VedO, VingO
2. Complete sentence
Local folklore maintains that the statues walked, while researchers have tended to
assume (that) the ancestors dragged the statues somehow, using ropes and logs.
3. Summary
Local myths believe that the statues walked, while researchers have tended to guess
the people living in the past pulled the statues somehow, using ropes and logs.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Dân gian địa phương vẫn duy trì truyền thuyết kể rằng những bức tượng này đã bước
đi, trong khi những nhà nghiên cứu lại đưa ra giả thuyết tổ tiên ngày xưa bằng cách nào
đó đã kéo những bức tượng này sử dụng dây thừng và những khúc gỗ.
Sentence 03
1. Original sentence
When the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few scrawny trees. In
the 1970s and 1980s, though, researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments,
which proved (that) the island had been covered in lush palm forests for thousands of
years.
WhenSV, S V O. S V O which was Ved that SVO
2. Complete sentence
When the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few scrawny trees.
In the 1970s and 1980s, though, researchers found pollen (which was) preserved in
38
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
lake sediments, which proved the island had been covered in lush palm forests for
thousands of years.
3. Summary
When the Europeans arrived, Rapa Nui was grassland, with only a few thin trees.
However, in the 1970s and 1980s, researchers found pollen in lake sediments, which
showed that the island had been covered in green palm forests for thousands of years.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Khi người châu Âu đến, Rapa Nui là một đồng cỏ chỉ với một vài cây khẳng khiu. Tuy
nhiên, vào những năm 1970 và 1980, các nhà nghiên cứu đã tìm thấy phấn hoa được
lưu giữ trong trầm tích hồ, điều đó chứng minh hòn đảo này đã được bao phủ trong rừng
cọ tươi tốt hàng ngàn năm.
Sentence 04
1. Original sentence
The moai, he thinks, accelerated the self-destruction. Diamond interprets them as
power displays by rival chieftains who, trapped on a remote little island, lacked other
ways of asserting their dominance.
S V thatSVO. S V O whichVO who VO
2. Complete sentence
He (Diamond) thinks (that) the moai accelerated the self-destruction. Diamond
interprets them as power displays by rival chieftains who, (were) trapped on a remote
little island, (and) lacked other ways of asserting their dominance.
3. Summary
Diamond thinks the moai make the self-destruction quicker, and he also considers the
moai as a way to show power by opposing leaders who were stuck in a faraway island
and did not have other ways to show their power.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ông ấy cho rằng những bức tượng moai đã thúc đẩy quá trình tự hủy diệt. Diamond lý
giải chúng như một sự phô trương sức mạnh của những thủ lĩnh kình địch, những người
đã bị mắc kẹt trên một hòn đảo nhỏ xa xôi, không còn cách nào khác để khẳng định sự
thống trị của họ.
Sentence 05
1. Original sentence
Archaeologists Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii and Carl Lipo of California State
University agree that Easter Island lost its lush forests and that it was an ‘ecological
catastrophe' - but they believe the islanders themselves weren’t to blame.
39
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
S V thatSVO andthat SVO but S V O
2. Complete sentence
Archaeologists Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii and Carl Lipo of California State
University agree that Easter Island lost its lush forests and that it was an ‘ecological
catastrophe' - but they (archaeologists) believe (that) the islanders themselves weren’t
to blame to the catastrophe.
3. Summary
Archaeologists Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo agree that the loss of green forests in Easter
Island was an ‘ecological disaster' - but they believe the locals themselves did not cause
the disaster.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Các nhà khảo cổ học, Terry Hunt thuộc Đại học Hawaii và Carl Lipo thuộc Đại học bang
California đồng ý rằng Đảo Phục sinh đã mất đi những cánh rừng tươi tốt và đó là một
thảm họa sinh thái- nhưng họ tin rằng bản thân những cư dân trên đảo không có lỗi.
Sentence 06
1. Original sentence
Recent experiments Indicate that as few as 18 people could, with three strong ropes
and a bit of practice, easily manoeuvre a 1,000 kg moai replica a few hundred metres.
The figures’ fat bellies tilted them forward, and a D-shaped base allowed handlers to
roll and rock them side to side.
S V thatSVO. S V O
2. Complete sentence
Recent experiments indicate that as few as 18 people could, with three strong ropes
and a bit of practice, easily manoeuvre a 1,000 kg moai replica a few hundred metres.
The figures’ fat bellies tilted them forward, and a D-shaped base allowed handlers to roll
and rock them side to side.
3. Summary
Recent tests show that at least 18 people could easily move a 1,000 kg moai copy a few
hundred metres with three strong ropes and a bit of practice. The fat bellies of the moai
moved them forward, and a D-shape base allowed handlers to roll and rock them side
to side.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Những thí nghiệm gần đây chỉ ra rằng ít nhất khoảng 18 người với 3 sợi thây dừng chắc
chắn và một chút luyện tập là có thể dễ dàng điều khiển một cách khéo léo bản sao
1000kg của bức tượng moai đi được hàng trăm mét. Phần bụng nhô ra của những bức
40
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
tượng khiến chúng nghiêng về phía trước và một hình dáng chữ D cho phép người di
chuyển lăn và đẩy chúng từ bên này sang bên kia.
Sentence 07
1. Original sentence
They would have prevented the reseeding of the slow-growing palm trees and thereby
doomed Rapa Nui’s forest, even without the settlers’ campaign of deforestation.
S V1 O thereby V2
2. Complete sentence
They (the rats) would have prevented the reseeding of the slow-growing palm trees and
thereby (the rats) doomed Rapa Nui’s forest, even without the settlers’ campaign of
deforestation
3. Summary
They would have stopped the reseeding of the palm trees and thereby destroyed Rapa
Nui’s forest, even without the locals’ campaign of deforestation.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Chúng có thể đã cản trở quá trình mọc lại của những cây cọ phát triển chậm và do đó
phá hủy rừng Rapa Nui, thậm chí không cần đến chiến dịch chặt phá rừng của người
dân nơi đây.
Sentence 08
1. Original sentence
Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanui civilisation collapsed when the palm
forest did. They think its population grew rapidly and then remained more or less stable
until the arrival of the Europeans, who introduced deadly diseases to which islanders
had no immunity.
S V O that SV when SV. S V (that)SVO,who SVO
2. Complete sentence
Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanui civilisation collapsed when the palm
forest did (collapsed). They think its population grew rapidly and then remained more or
less stable until the arrival of the Europeans, who introduced deadly diseases to which
islanders had no immunity.
3. Summary
Hunt and Lipo also see no evidence that Rapanui civilisation disappeared when the
palm forest did. They think people living in Rapanui grew rapidly and then remained
stable until the arrival of the Europeans, who brought deadly diseases to which people
living in the island had no protection.
41
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Hunt và Lipo cũng không có bằng chứng chỉ ra rằng nền văn minh của người Rapanui
sụp đổ khi những cánh rừng cọ không còn. Họ nghĩ rằng dân số trên đảo tằng nhanh và
sau đó hầu như duy trì ở mức ổn định cho đến khi người châu Âu xuất hiện, họ đã
mang theo những căn bệnh chết người đến nơi mà cư dân bản địa không có khả năng
miễn dịch.
Sentence 09
1. Original sentence
Hunt and Lipo’s vision, therefore, is one of an island populated by peaceful and
ingenious moai builders and careful stewards of the land, rather than by reckless
destroyers ruining their own environment and society.
S V O (which)was ved O
2. Complete sentence
Therefore, Hunt and Lipo’s vision is (that) one of an island (which was) populated by
peaceful and ingenious moai builders and careful stewards of the land, rather than by
reckless destroyers who ruined their own environment and society.
3. Summary
What Hunt and Lipo saw is one of an island where peaceful and native moai builders
and careful manager of the land lived, not irresponsible destroyers damaging their own
environment and society.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Vì vậy, tầm nhìn của Hunt và Lipo là một trong những hòn đảo được trú ngụ bởi những
người chế tạo tượng moai khéo léo và hiền hòa và những người quản lý đất đai một
cách cẩn thận, hơn là bởi những kẻ phá hoại liều lĩnh, hủy hoại môi trường và xã hội
của chính họ.
READING PASSAGE 03
Neuroaesthetics
Sentence 01
1. Original sentence
An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to
the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many
masterpieces.
S V O, and V O
2. Complete sentence
42
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
An emerging discipline which is called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific
objectivity to the study of art, and this (neuroaesthetics) has already given us a better
understanding of many masterpieces.
3. Summary
Neuroaesthetics is trying to bring the objectivity of science to the study of art, and this
helps us understand more about many famous works of art.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Một khái niệm mới nổi gọi là Thần kinh học đang cố gắng mang tính khách quan của
khoa học đến việc nghiên cứu nghệ thuật, và việc này giúp chúng ta hiểu rõ hơn về rất
nhiều kiệt tác.
Sentence 02
1. Original sentence
Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from
Mondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's seemingly haphazard
arrangements of splashed paint on canvas?
V S O?
2. Complete sentence
Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, from
Mondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's seemingly haphazard
arrangements of splashed paint on canvas?
3. Summary
Could the same way also explain twentieth-century paintings which are difficult to
understand, from Mondrian's blocks of colour, to Pollock's random arrangements of
paint on canvas?
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Liệu cách tiếp cận tương tự có thể làm sáng tỏ những tác phẩm trừu tượng của thế kỉ 20, từ các
khổi hình học màu sắc của Mondrian cho đến sự sắp xếp có vẻ ngẫu nhiên của những vệt sơn
được vẩy trên vải của Pollock?
Sentence 03
1. Original sentence
Robert Pepperell, an artist based at Cardiff University, creates ambiguous works that
are neither entirely abstract nor clearly representational.
43
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
S V O thatVO
2. Complete sentence
Robert Pepperell, an artist who is based at Cardiff University, creates ambiguous works
that are neither entirely abstract nor clearly representational.
3. Summary
Robert Pepperell creates unclear works of art that are not abstract and also not clear.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Robert Pepperell, một nghệ sĩ làm việc tại đại học Cardiff University, tạo ra những tác
phẩm nghệ thuật mơ hồ mà không hoàn toàn trừu tượng, cũng không thể hiện một cách
rõ ràng.
Sentence 04
1. Original sentence
The longer they took to answer these questions, the more highly they rated the piece
under scrutiny, and the greater their neural activity.
S V O, the more SVO, and the greaterS
2. Complete sentence
The longer they (volunteers) took to answer these questions, the more highly they
(volunteers) rated the piece under scrutiny, and the greater their (volunteers’) neural
activity.
3. Summary
If they took more time to answer these questions, they seem to rate the painting under
careful examination, and their brain activity will be greater.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Họ càng mất nhiều thời gian để trả lời những câu hỏi này, thì họ càng đánh giá tác
phẩm với sự xem xét kỹ lưỡng, và hoạt động của não bộ vì thế cũng lớn hơn.
Sentence 05
1. Original sentence
Mondrian's works are deceptively simple, but eye-tracking studies confirm that they are
meticulously composed, and that simply rotating a piece radically changes the way we
view it.
44
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
S V O, but S V thatSVO, and that SVO
2. Complete sentence
Mondrian's works are deceptively simple, but eye-tracking studies confirm that they (his
works) are meticulously composed, and that simply rotating a piece radically changes
the way we view it (the piece).
3. Summary
Mondrian's paintings look so simple, but eye-tracking studies show that they are
carefully made, and that just turning a piece greatly changes the way we view it.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Những tác phẩm của Mondrian có vẻ như là rất đơn giản nhưng những nghiên cứu theo
dõi chuyển động của mắt xác nhận rằng chúng được sáng tác một cách tỉ mỉ, và đơn
giản chỉ cần xoay tác phẩm cũng đủ để thay đổi cách chúng ta ngắn nhìn nó.
Sentence 06
1. Original sentence
He found that almost everyone preferred the original, whether it was a Van Gogh still
life or an abstract by Miro. Vartanian also found that changing the composition of the
paintings reduced activation in those brain areas linked with meaning and
interpretation.
S V thatSVO, whenever SVO. S V that SVO
2. Complete sentence
He (Oshin Vartanian) found that almost everyone preferred the original, whether it was a
Van Gogh still life or an abstract by Miro. Vartanian also found that changing the
composition of the paintings reduced activation in those brain areas linked with meaning
and interpretation.
(*still life is a genre of painting or drawing of an arrangement of objects, typically including fruit
and flowers and objects).
3. Summary
He found that almost everyone liked the original, whether it is a painting by Van Gogh
or by Miro. Vartanian also found that changing the structure of the paintings reduced
activation in the brain areas linked with meaning and understanding.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
45
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Ông nhận ra rằng hầu hết mọi người đều thích nguyên bản, cho dù nó là tranh tĩnh vật
của Van Gogh hay tranh trừu tượng của Miro. Vartanian cũng phát hiện ra rằng sự thay
đổi bố cục của những bức tranh cũng làm giảm đi hoạt động trong những vùng não liên
kết với ý nghĩa và hiểu ý nghĩa .
Sentence 07
1. Original sentence
Too little and the work is boring, but too much results in a kind of 'perceptual overload',
according to Forsythe. What's more, appealing pieces both abstract and
representational, show signs of 'fractals' - repeated motifs recurring in different scales,
fractals are common throughout nature, for example in the shapes of mountain peaks or
the branches of trees.
S V O, but S V O. what V, VingO ,S V O
2. Complete sentence
According to Forsythe, too little detail and the work is boring, but too much detail results
in a kind of 'perceptual overload'. What's more, appealing pieces both abstract and
representational, show signs of 'fractals' which are repeated motifs which recur in
different scales, fractals are common throughout nature, for example in the shapes of
mountain peaks or the branches of trees.
3. Summary
According to Forsythe, too little detail makes the work boring, but too much cause '
understanding overload'. What's more, both unclear and clear paintings, show signs of
'fractals' - repeated shapes in different sizes, fractals are common in nature, for
example in the shapes of mountain peaks or the branches of trees.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Theo như Forsythe, quá ít chi tiết sẽ khiến tác phẩm nhàm chán, nhưng quá nhiều chi
tiết sẽ dẫn đến một loại ‘quá tải về mặt nhận thức’. Thêm nữa, những tác phẩm hấp dẫn
về cả mặt trừu tượng lẫn tượng trưng đều cho thấy dấu hiệu của ‘những phân dạng’những họa tiết lặp đi lặp lại theo những tỉ lệ khác nhau, những phân dạng này phổ biến
trong tự nhiên, ví dụ như hình dạng của những đỉnh núi hay những nhánh cây.
Sentence 08
1. Original sentence
It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process movement when we see a
handwritten letter, as if we are replaying the writer's moment of creation. This has led
46
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
some to wonder whether Pollock's works feel so dynamic because the brain
reconstructs the energetic actions the artist used as he painted.
S V thatSVO whenSVO, as if S V O. S V O whetherSVO
2. Complete sentence
It is also intriguing that the brain appears to process movement when we see a
handwritten letter, as if we are replaying the writer's moment of creation. This has led
some to wonder whether Pollock's works feel so dynamic because the brain
reconstructs the energetic actions the artist used as he painted.
3. Summary
Interestingly, when we see a handwritten letter, we also imagine the writer’s moment of
creation. This has led some to wonder whether Pollock's works feel so dynamic
because the brain recreates the energetic actions when he painted.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Một điều thú vị là bộ não dường như xử lý chuyển động khi chúng ta nhìn thấy một lá
thư viết tay như thể chúng ta đang xem lại khoảnh khắc sáng tạo của người viết. Điều
này khiến một số người tự hỏi những tác phẩm của Pollock có cảm giác sống động như
vậy liệu có phải vì bộ não đã tái tạo lại những động tác đầy năng lượng của người nghệ
sĩ khi vẽ tranh hay không.
Sentence 09
1. Original sentence
While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular, works that are
best adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of
previous generations have been forgotten.
whileSVO, S thatVO
2. Complete sentence
While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular, works that are best
adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of
previous generations have been forgotten.
( *visual system: The visual system is the part of the central nervous system that is
required for visual perception – receiving, processing and interpreting visual information
to build a representation of the visual environment).
3. Summary
47
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
While the fashions might shape what is currently popular, works that are best suited to
our visual system may be to remain once the trends of older people have been
forgotten.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Trong khi các phong cách thịnh hành có thể định hình những gì là phổ biến ở thời điểm
hiện tại thì những tác phẩm nghệ thuật thích hợp nhất với hệ thống thị giác của chúng
ta có thể trường tồn với thời gian cho dù khi những xu hướng của thế hệ trước đã bị
lãng quên.
48
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TEST 3
READING PASSAGE 01
THE STORY OF SILK
# Sentence 1
1. Original sentence
Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about
3000 BC, who discovered silkworms.
S V O that SVO, who VO
2. Complete sentence
Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, (who was) wife of the Yellow Emperor, (who was)
ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms.
3. Summary
An old story told that Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000
BC, found out silkworms.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Truyền thuyết kể lại rằng Lei Tzu, vợ của Hoàng Đế, người đứng đầu Trung Quốc vào
khoảng 3000 năm trước công nguyên, đã tìm ra sâu tằm.
# Sentence 2
1. Original sentence
It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she
had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.
S V that SVO, S that SVO V O
2. Complete sentence
It just so happened that while she (Lei Tzu) was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons
that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.
3. Summary
While Lei Tzu was drinking tea, one cocoon fell into the hot tea by chance and
unraveled into a thread.
49
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Thật tình cờ khi bà đang nhấp vài ngụm trà, một cái kén tằm mà bà đã thu thập trước
đó rơi vào trong trà nóng và bắt đầu nhả ra thành những sợi chỉ mịn.
# Sentence 3
1. Original sentence
She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread
so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.
S V O sothatSVO
2. Complete sentence
She (Lei Tzu) also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a
single thread so that they (fibres) would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.
3. Summary
She also invented a reel to turn fibres from the cocoon into a thread. In this way, the
fibres would be strong enough for people to weave them into fabric.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Bà cũng chế tạo ra một guồng quay đặc biệt để kéo những sợi của kén tằm thành một
sợi chỉ để chúng đủ chắc để có thể dệt thành vải.
# Sentence 4
1. Original sentence
While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known that silk
cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.
while SVC how SVO, S V thatSVO
2. Complete sentence
While it is unknown just how much of this (the story) is true, it is certainly known that silk
cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.
3. Summary
Although we do not know how much of the story is true, we know for sure that the silk
farming has existed in China for several thousand years.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tuy không biết câu chuyện trên là thật đến đâu, nhưng chắc chắn là việc sản xuất lụa
đã tồn tại ở Trung Quốc trong vài nghìn năm qua.
# Sentence 5
1. Original sentence
50
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were
responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving.
S V O, and S V O whoVC
2. Complete sentence
Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they (women)
who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving.
3. Summary
At first, only women did silkworm farming. And their jobs were the growing, harvesting
and weaving.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ban đầu, việc trồng dâu nuôi tằm chỉ được giao cho phụ nữ, và chính họ là người phụ
trách nuôi tằm, thu hoạch và dệt.
# Sentence 6
1. Original sentence
Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to
have clothes made of silk. The rules were gradually relaxed over the years until finally
during the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest caste, were also
entitled to wear silk.
S V O ,and S V O. until S V O
2. Complete sentence
Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to
have clothes made of silk. The rules (that only royalty were entitled to have clothes
made of silk) were gradually relaxed over the years until finally during the Qing Dynasty
(1644—1911 AD), even peasants, (who are) the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear
silk.
3. Summary
Silk quickly become a symbol of social position. At first, only royalty had the right to
wear silk clothes. However, the rules were gradually relaxed and finally during the Qing
Dynasty (1644—1911 AD), even poor farmers, the lowest social class, also had the
right to wear silk.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tơ lụa nhanh chóng trở thành một biểu tượng cho địa vị, và ban đầu, chỉ có hoàng tộc
mới có quyền mặc quần áo làm từ lụa. Luật này dần dần được nới lỏng qua nhiều năm,
cuối cùng cho tới triều đại nhà Thanh (1644-1911 sau công nguyên), thậm chí nông dân
nghèo, tầng lớp thấp nhất trong xã hội, cũng được quyền mặc lụa.
# Sentence 7
1. Original sentence
51
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as
the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East. It was
named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be
worth more than gold.
S V O. S V O, whichVO
2. Complete sentence
Demand for this exotic fabric (silk) eventually created the lucrative trade route now
known as the Silk Road, which takes silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to
the East. It (The Silk Road) was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity
(silk), which was considered to be worth more than gold.
3. Summary
Demand for silk created the profitable trade route known as the Silk Road. This trade
route took silk to the west and bring gold, silver and wool to the East. It was named after
silk – the most valuable product at that time.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nhu cầu của loại vải mới lạ từ ngoại quốc này cuối cùng đã tạo lên tuyến đường giao
thương đem lại nhiều lợi nhuận mà ngày nay chúng ta biết đến với tên gọi Con Đường
Tơ Lụa, mang lụa đến phương tây và mang lại vàng, bạc cùng lông cừu về phương
đông. Con đường được đặt tên là Con Đường Tơ Lụa dựa theo loại hàng hóa quý giá
nhất, thứ được coi là còn giá trị hơn cả vàng.
# Sentence 8
1. Original sentence
According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian
smuggle silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD,
concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes.
S V O, ( which )wasVedO
2. Complete sentence
According to another legend, monks who worked for the Byzantine emperor Justinian
smuggle silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD,
which were concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes.
3. Summary
According to another old story, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian
brought silkworm eggs secretly and illegally to Constantinople in 550 AD. These eggs
were hidden inside hollow bamboo walking canes.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Theo như một truyền thuyết khác, các nhà sư làm việc cho hoàng đế Byzantine
Justinian đã buôn lậu trứng sâu tằm sang Constantinople (tức là Istanbul ở Thổ Nhĩ Kì
ngày nay) vào năm 550 trước công nguyên. Những trứng sâu tằm này được giấu vào
bên trong những chiếc gậy trúc rỗng.
52
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
# Sentence 9
1. Original sentence
The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk
industry. Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of
the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the trend.
S V O. S, whichSVO, V O
2. Complete sentence
The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk
industry. Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of
the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the trend.
3. Summary
In the 19th century, the European silk industry became worse. One of the reasons for
this trend was cheaper Japanese silk. The trade in this type of silk became much easier
thanks to the opening of Suez Canal.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Thế kỉ thứ 19 và công nghiệp hóa đã chứng kiến sự đi xuống của ngành công nghiệp
lụa tơ tằm ở châu Âu. Một trong những yếu tố chính dẫn đến xu hướng này là do lụa tơ
tằm rẻ hơn đến từ Nhật Bản và sự giao thương loại lụa này trở nên thuận tiện hơn nhờ
việc mở kênh đào Suez.
READING PASSAGE 02
Great Migrations
# Sentence 1
1. Original sentence
It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals - often in an
annual cycle - that may involve many members of a species, and is rewarded only after
a long journey.
SVO
-[…]-that VO, and V O
2. Complete sentence
It (animal migration) can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular
intervals –often in an annual cycle – that may involve many members of a species, and
is rewarded only after a long journey.
3. Summary
Animal migration can be described as travel that happens regularly each year by many
members of a species, and these members will be rewarded only after a long journey.
53
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Di cư của động vật có thể được miêu tả một cách dễ hiểu là chuyến đi diễn ra thường
xuyên mỗi năm, có thể bao gồm nhiều thành viên trong một loài, và những thành viên
này sẽ chỉ được đền đáp sau một hành trình dài.
# Sentence 2
1. Original sentence
And one more: migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater
mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges
that would turn other animals aside.
S V O, which VO that VO
2. Complete sentence
And one more thing is that migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the
greater mission, which keeps them (migrating animals) undistracted by temptations and
(keeps them) undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.
3. Summary
Unlike other animals, migrating animals concentrate fully on their bigger mission, which
keeps them unaffected by attractions and challenges.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Không giống những loài động vật khác, những loài động vật di cư tập trung cao độ cho
nhiệm vụ cao cả hơn – thứ mà sẽ giúp chúng không bị ảnh hưởng bởi những cám dỗ và
thách thức.
54
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
# Sentence 3
1. Original sentence
An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the
Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher's
boat along the way.
S V O Ved O
2. Complete sentence
While an arctic tern is on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America
to the Arctic circle, it (the arctic tern) will take no notice of a nice smelly herring which
was offered from a bird-watcher's boat along the way.
3. Summary
On its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, an
arctic tern will ignore the nice smell of a herring from a bird-watcher’s boat.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Trong chuyến bay dài 20,000 km từ cực Nam Nam Mĩ đến vòng Bắc cực, một con nhạn
Bắc Cực sẽ phớt lờ mùi thơm hấp dẫn của một con cá trích toát ra từ chiếc thuyền của
người quan sát chim.
# Sentence 4
1. Original sentence
Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have
converged, will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time,
and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear offspring.
S , which VO , V O Ving O which VO
2. Complete sentence
Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, where other arctic terns have
converged, will serve its (the above-mentioned arctic tern’s) larger purpose as shaped
by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which this arctic tern
can successfully hatch and rear offspring.
3. Summary
Reaching some coastline in the Arctic where other arctic terns have met together will
help to gain its larger purpose as created by evolution: finding suitable conditions to
hatch and look after their babies.
4 Explanation in Vietnamese
55
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Đến được một số đường bờ biển đầy sỏi đá ở Bắc Cực, nơi mà những con nhạn khác tụ
họp, sẽ giúp con nhạn đạt được mục đích lớn lao hơn đã được định hình bởi tiến hóa:
tìm một địa điểm, một thời điểm và những điều kiện phù hợp để những con nhạn Bắc
Cực này có thể đẻ trứng và nuôi con một cách thành công.
# Sentence 5
1. Original sentence
Joe! Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and
other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition
suited to his beasts: 'movements from a seasonal home area away to another home
area and back again'.
S, who SVO V what SVO V O
2. Complete sentence
Joe! Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and
other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition
(which is) suited to his beasts: 'movements from a seasonal home area away to another
home area and back again'.
3. Summary
Joe! Berger likes a simple, practical definition suited to his animals: 'movements from a
seasonal home area away to another home area and back again'.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Joe! Berger, thuộc đại học Montana, người đã nghiên cứu về linh dương nhiều gạc Bắc
Mỹ và những loài động vật có vú sống trên cạn có kích thước lớn khác, thích điều mà
ồng gọi là một định nghĩa đơn giản, thực tế mà phù hợp với các con thú của mình hơn:
“di cư là di chuyển theo mùa từ khu vực này sang khu vực khác và trở lại”.
# Sentence 6
1. Original sentence
But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean – upward by night to seek
food, downward by day to escape predators – can also be considered migration. So
can the movement of aphids when, having depleted the young leaves on one food plant,
their offspring then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever returning
to where it started.
S V O-[…]-.when .Ving(1) S V2 O
2. Complete sentence
But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean, (which is) upward by night to
seek food, downward by day to escape predators, can also be considered migration. So
56
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
can the movement of aphids when, aphids’ offspring have depleted the young leaves on
one food plant, they then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever
returning to (the plant) where it started.
3. Summary
Both the everyday movements by zooplankton in the ocean (upward by night to find
food, downward by day to avoid predators) and the movement of aphids (when there is
no young leaf left on a food plant, young aphids will fly to a new plant and not return to
the previous plant) can be considered migration.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nhưng việc di chuyển theo chiều dọc hàng ngày của động vật phù du trong đại dương –
nổi lên vào ban đêm để tìm thức ăn, và lặn xuống vào ban ngày để trốn kẻ săn mồi –
cũng có thể được coi là di cư. Sự di chuyển của những con rệp cũng có thể được coi là
di cư như vậy, khi lá non trên một cây lương thực cạn kiệt, những con rệp non sẽ bay
đến một cái cây lương thực khác và không có con rệp nào trở lại nơi nó xuất phát.
# Sentence 7
1. Original sentence
They allow for the fact that, for example, aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from
the sky) when it's time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light
(reflected from tender young leaves) when it's appropriate to land.
S V O that VO when SVO when SVC
2 Complete sentence
For example, they (five features that distinguish migration from other forms of
movement according to Dingle) allow for the fact that, for example, aphids will become
sensitive to blue light from the sky when it's time for takeoff on their big journey, and
(aphids will become) sensitive to yellow light which is reflected from tender young
leaves when it's appropriate (for aphids) to land.
3 Summary
These five features make it possible for aphids to become sensitive to blue light (from
the sky) when they take off, and to yellow light (reflected from soft young leaves) when
they land.
4 Explanation in Vietnamese
Ví dụ, năm đặc điểm này cho phép những con rệp trở nên nhạy cảm với ánh sáng màu
xanh (từ bầy trời) khi chúng cất cánh trong hành trình lớn của chúng và nhạy cảm với
ánh sáng màu vàng (được phản xạ từ lá non mềm) khi thích hợp để hạ cánh.
57
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
# Sentence 8
1. Original sentence
If they can't pass through each of the three during their spring migration, they can't
reach their bounty of summer grazing; if they can't pass through again in autumn,
escaping south onto those windblown plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter
in the deep snow.
If S V O, S V O
2. Complete sentence
If they (pronghorn) can't pass through each of the three bottlenecks during their spring
migration, they can't reach their bounty of summer grazing; if they can't pass through
(each of the three bottlenecks) again in autumn, and (thereby) escaping south onto
those windblown plains, they are likely to die while trying to overwinter in the deep
snow.
3. Summary
If pronghorn can’t pass through three bottlenecks during their spring migration, they
can’t have plenty of summer food; and if they can’t pass through again in autumn,
escaping south onto plains, they may die in winter.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nếu loài linh dương nhiều gạc không thể đi qua ba nút thắt trong chuyến di cư mùa
xuân thì chúng sẽ không thể kiếm được nhiều thức ăn mùa hè; và nếu chúng tiếp tục
không thể vượt qua vào mùa thu để nhờ đó mà chạy về phía nam xuống những vùng
đồng bằng lộng gió, chúng có thể sẽ chết khi cố gắng vượt qua vùa đông trong lớp tuyết
dày đặc.
58
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
READING PASSAGE 03
Preface to ‘How the other half thinks: Adventures in
mathematical reasoning’
# Sentence 1
1. Original sentence
Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts
- parts so simple a beginner could play them. So it is with mathematics as well.
S V O. S V O
2. Complete sentence
Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts
– parts (which are) so simple (that) a beginner could play them. So it is with
mathematics as well.
3. Summary
In some difficult pieces of music, there are beautiful but easy parts which even a
beginner can play. This is also true for mathematics.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Thỉnh thoảng, trong một vài tác phẩm âm nhạc khó, có những phân đoạn hay nhưng
cũng dễ - những phân đoạn đơn giản đến mức người mới bắt đầu cũng có thể chơi. Với
toán học cũng vậy.
# Sentence 2
1. Original sentence
The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and sometimes
not even that. Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical
experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its
logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking.
S V O. S V C1. V C2, and V C3
2. Complete sentence
The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and sometimes
not even that. Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical
experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its
(mathematics’) logical, but intuitive style of thinking.
3. Summary
59
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
The thinking in each chapter uses mostly basic arithmetic. Therefore, all readers can
enjoy maths, understand its beauty, and become familiar with its logical, but intuitive,
way of thinking.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tư duy trong mỗi chương sử dụng hầu hết là số học cơ bản, và đôi khi thậm chí còn ít
hơn. Nhờ vậy, tất cả độc giả sẽ có cơ hội tham gia vào một trải nghiệm toán học,
thưởng thức vẻ đẹp của toán học, và dần trở nên quen thuộc với lối tư duy logic, nhưng
trực quan của nó.
# Sentence 3
1. Original sentence
One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the
opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the
mathematical way of thinking.
S V O who VO
2. Complete sentence
One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the
opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the
mathematical way of thinking.
3. Summary
One of my goals in writing this book is that readers who haven’t enjoyed real maths can
know the mathematical way of thinking.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Một trong những mục đích của tôi trong việc viết cuốn sách này là để đem đến cho
những độc giả từng không có dịp xem và tận hưởng toán học thực sự một cơ hội để
nhận thức được lối tư duy toán học.
# Sentence 4
1. Original sentence
I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the
humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain
(analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to
the analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role.
S V(that)SVO that VO. S V O
2. Complete sentence
60
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the
humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain
(analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the
analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role.
3. Summary
I hope this book will help reduce the difference between the humanities and the
sciences - in other words, between the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain (analytical,
numerical). The chapters will show that not only the analytical and numerical but also
intuition is important in mathematics.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tôi hy vọng cuốn sách này sẽ giúp thu hẹp sự khác biệt thường bị mang tiếng xâu đó cái mà chia tách hai nền văn hóa: các môn nhân văn và các môn khoa học, hoặc tôi
nên nói là não phải (trực giác) và não trái (phân tích, số học). Như các chương sẽ minh
họa, toán học không bị giới hạn chỉ trong phân tích và số học; Trực giác đóng một vai
trò quan trọng.
# Sentence 5
1. Original sentence
The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone, in part because
each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the brain.
S V O because VO
2. Complete sentence
The alleged gap (between the right brain and the left brain) can be narrowed or
completely overcome by anyone, in part because each of us is far from using the full
capacity of either side of the brain.
3. Summary
Anyone can reduce, even remove the difference between the right brain and the left
brain, in part because we are certainly not using the full power of both sides of our
brain.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Khác biệt bị cáo buộc đó có thể được thu hẹp hoặc vượt qua hoàn toàn bởi bất cứ ai,
một phần bởi vì mỗi người trong chúng ta đang không sử dụng hết khả năng cả hai bên
não.
61
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
# Sentence 6
1. Original sentence
Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but have
necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their
theories. The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved
participant, since the appropriate language for describing the details in much of science
is mathematics, whether the subject is expanding universe, subatomic particles, or
chromosomes.
S V O, although S V O. S V O, since SVO
2. Complete sentence
Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but (these
scientists) have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it (the mathematics)
provides the foundation of their (these scientists’) theories. The reader must remain a
tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant, since the appropriate language
for describing the details in much of science is mathematics, whether the subject is
expanding universe, subatomic particles, or chromosomes.
3. Summary
Other scientists often skip the maths when writing books to explain their fields to nonscientists, although the maths gives basic ideas for their theories. In fact, the suitable
language to describe most of scientific subjects is maths. For this reason, the reader
must be a tantalized audience instead of an involved participant.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Các nhà khoa học khác đã viết những cuốc sách để giải thích lĩnh vực của họ cho
những người không phải là nhà khoa học, nhưng nhất thiết lại bỏ qua toán học, mặc dù
nó cung cấp nền tảng cho các học thuyết của họ. Người đọc phải là một khán giả bị
trêu đùa thay vì là một người tham gia say mê, vì ngôn ngữ thích hợp để mô tả chi tiết
trong phần lớn ngành khoa học là toán học, cho dù chủ đề là vũ trụ mở rộng, hạt hạ
nguyên tử hay nhiễm sắc thể.
# Sentence 7
1. Original sentence
As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: those who enjoyed mathematics until
they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and
mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the book.
As, SV S V O : who VO, and S, who VO
2. Complete sentence
62
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: (firstly), those who enjoyed
mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth
grade, and (secondly), mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new
throughout the book.
3. Summary
When I wrote, I kept in mind 2 types of readers: people who loved maths until a bad
period (usually around fifth grade) and people who have a passion for maths and find
many new things throughout the book.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Trong khi tôi viết, tôi ghi nhớ hai loại độc giả: những người yêu thích toán học cho đến
khi họ cảm thấy mất hứng thú do một giai đoạn không dễ chịu, thường ở khoảng lớp 5,
và những người cuồng nhiệt toán học, những người sẽ tìm thấy nhiều điều mới mẻ
trong cuốn sách.
# Sentence 8
1. Original sentence
I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of
mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze principles.
SVO
2. Complete sentence
I attribute much of my success there to having learned how to analyze principles
through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems.
3. Summary
I think much of my success results from the fact that I have learned how to analyze
principles through the study of mathematics, and especially, theorems.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tôi cho rằng phần lớn thành công của tôi nhờ vào việc học cách làm thế nào để phân
tích các nguyên tắc phức tạp, thông qua nghiên cứu toán học, và đặc biệt là các định lý.
63
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
TEST 4
READING PASSAGE 01
Research using twins
# Sentence 1
1. Original sentence
To biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to
untangle the influence of genes and the environment - of nature and nurture.
SVO
2. Complete sentence
To biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity (for
these researchers) to untangle the influence of genes and the environment, in other
words, of nature and nurture.
3. Summary
Twins help biomedical researchers to understand the influence of genes and the
environment, or we can say, of nature and nurture.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Đối với các nhà nghiên cứu y sinh học trên toàn thế giới, những cặp song sinh mang lại
cho họ một cơ hội quý giá để làm rõ ảnh hưởng của gen và môi trường – của tự nhiên
và nuôi dưỡng.
# Sentence 2
1. Original sentence
Alternatively, by comparing the experiences of identical twins with those of fraternal
twins, who come from separate eggs and share on average half their DNA, researchers
can quantify the extent to which our genes affect our lives.
VingO, whoVO, S V O which SVO
2. Complete sentence
Alternatively, reasheres compare the experiences of identical twins with the experiences
of fraternal twins, who come from separate eggs and share on average half their
DNA.Researchers can quantify the extent to which our genes affect our lives.
64
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
3. Summary
Researchers can measure how our genes affect our lives by comparing the experiences
of twins who develop from the same eggtwins who come from diffrerent eggs
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ngoài ra, bằng việc so sánh trải nghiệm của những cặp song sinh cùng trứng với những
cặp song sinh khác trứng được sinh ra từ những trứng tách biệt, chia sẻ trung bình là
một nửa DNA, các nhà nghiên cứu có thể định lượng mức độ mà các gen của chúng ta
ảnh hưởng đến cuộc sống của chúng ta.
# Sentence 3
1. Original sentence
If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal
twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.
If SVO than SV, then S V
2. Complete sentence
If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal
twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.
3. Summary
If twins who come from the same egg are more similar to each other in terms of disease
than twins who come from separate eggs, the state of being easily influenced by
disease must partly comes from heredity.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nếu các cặp song sinh cùng trứng giống nhau về phương diện bệnh tật hơn những cặp
song sinh khác trứng thì nguy cơ dễ mắc bệnh phải bắt nguồn phần nào đó từ di truyền.
# Sentence 4
1. Original sentence
These two lines of research - studying the differences between identical twins to
pinpoint the influence of environment, and comparing identical twins with fraternal ones
to measure the role of inheritance - have been crucial to understanding the interplay of
nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to
disease.
65
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
S -[…]- V O
[…] = Noun
2. Complete sentence
These two lines of research – (firstly,) studying the differences between identical twins
to pinpoint the influence of environment, and (secondly,) comparing identical twins with
fraternal twins to measure the role of inheritance - have been crucial to understanding
the interplay of nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and
vulnerability to disease.
3. Summary
Two ways of research- (is important to understand the effect of nature and nurture on
each other in deciding our personalities, behavior, and the state of easily influenced by
disease.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Hai cách nghiên cứu này – nghiên cứu sự khác biệt giữa các cặp song sinh cùng trứng
để xác định ảnh hưởng của môi trường, và so sánh các cặp song sinh cùng trứng với
các cặp song sinh khác trứng để đo lường vai trò của sự di truyền – rất quan trọng trong
việc hiểu sự tương tác giữa tự nhiên và nuôi dưỡng trong việc quyết định tính cách,
hành vi và khả năng dễ bị mắc bệnh.
# Sentence 5
1. Original sentence
Lately, however, twin studies have helped lead scientists to a radical new conclusion:
that nature and nurture are not the only elemental forces at work. According to a recent
field called epigenetics, there is a third factor also in play, one that in some cases
serves as a bridge between the environment and our genes, and in others operates on its
own to shape who we are.
Howerver, S V O thatSVO. According to smth, S V O, one thatVO, and in othersVO who
SV.
2. Complete sentence
Lately, however, twin studies have helped lead scientists to a radical new conclusion:
that nature and nurture are not the only elemental forces (which are) at work. According
to a recent field (which is) called epigenetics, there is a third factor (which is) also in
play. This third factor in some cases serves as a bridge between the environment and
66
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
our genes, and in other cases, this third factor operates on its own to shape who we
are.
3. Summary
However, recent twin studies have helped scientists reach an important there is a third
factor which is at work. This factor can connect the environment and our genes or work
on its own to shape who we are.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tuy nhiên gần đây, các nghiên cứu về cặp song sinh đã giúp dẫn dắt các nhà khoa học
đến một kết luận mới quan trọng đó là: tự nhiên và nuôi dưỡng không phải là những
ảnh hưởng cơ bản duy nhất đang hoạt động. Theo như một ngành nghiên cứu gần đây
được gọi là di truyền học biểu sinh, có một nhân tố thứ ba cũng có vai trò, nhân tố mà
trong một vài trường hợp đóng vai trò như một cầu nối giữa môi trường và gen của
chúng ta, và trong những trường hợp khác thì tự vận hành để định hình nên chúng ta là
ai.
# Sentence 6
1. Original sentence
If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and
all the keys combining to make us who we are - then epigenetic processes determine
when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played.
If SVO then S V when and how SVO, VingSbeingPII
2. Complete sentence
If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and (think of) our genes as the
keys - each key symbolizing a segment of DNA (which is) responsible for a particular
note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are - then epigenetic
processes determine when and how each key can be struck, (thereby) changing the
tune (which is) being played.
3. Summary
If our DNA is a big piano keyboard and our genes are the keys, epigenetic processes
decide when and how each key can be played4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nếu bạn nghĩ DNA của chúng ta như một bàn phím piano khổng lồ và các gen của
chúng ta là phím – mỗi phím tượng trưng cho một đoạn DNA chịu trách nhiệm cho một
67
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
nốt, hoặc một tính trạng cụ thể, và tất cả các phím kết hợp lại để tạo nên chúng ta là ai
– thì quá trình di truyền học biểu sinh xác định thời điểm và cách mà mỗi phím có thể
được đánh, nhờ đó giúp thay đổi giai điệu đang được chơi.
# Sentence 7
1. Original sentence
One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by
revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes.
Sthat SVOV O whichSVO
2. Complete sentence
One way (that) the study of epigenetics* is revolutionizing our understanding of biology
is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes.
(*epigenetics:
genes on and off)
a branch of genetics that studies the chemical reactions that turn
3. Summary
Epigenetics is changing our knowledge about biology by showing a system by which the
environment directly affects our genes.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ngành nghiên cứu di truyền học biểu sinh đang cách mạng hóa hiểu biết của chúng ta
về sinh học bằng một cách đó là đưa ra một cơ chế mà nhờ đó môi trường trực tiếp ảnh
hưởng đến các gen.
# Sentence 8
1. Original sentence
Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during
pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems
as the rodent grows up.
S V that whenSV, SVO thatVO
2. Complete sentence
For example, studies of animals, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during
pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems
as the rodent grows up.
68
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
3. Summary
For example, if a rat is stressed out when it is pregnant, it can cause epigenetic
changes in a fetus, thereby leading to problems related to behavior when the baby
grows up.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ví dụ, các nghiên cứu về động vật đã chỉ ra rằng khi một con chuột trải qua căng thẳng
trong quá trình mang thai, nó có thể gây ra những thay đổi về di truyền học biểu sinh
trong bào thai, dẫn đến những vấn đề về hành vi khi chuột con lớn lên.
READING PASSAGE 02
AN INTRODUCTION TO FILM SOUND
# Sentence 1
1. Original sentence
The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound
effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce
the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects.
S V O.S V O which VO
2. Complete sentence
The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound
effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce
the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects.
3. Summary
The whole sound track has three important parts: the human voice, sound effects and
music. These parts must be mixed and balanced to create wanted effects.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Toàn bộ nhạc phim gồm ba thành phần thiết yếu: giọng nói con người, hiệu ứng âm
thanh và âm nhạc. Ba yếu tố này phải được kết hợp và cân bằng nhằm tạo ra những
điểm nhấn cần thiết cái mà nhờ đó tạo ra những hiệu ứng như mong muốn.
# Sentence 2
1. Original sentence
The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop
dialogue delivered at breakneck speed. This use of dialogue underscores not only the
69
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the
film itself and thus its humor.
S V O, on the other hand, V O. S V not only O, but also O
2. Complete sentence
On the other hand, the comedy Bringing Up Baby presents practically non-stop dialogue
(which is) delivered at breakneck speed. This use of dialogue underscores not only the
dizzy quality of the character (which is) played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the
absurdity of the film itself and thus its (the film’s) humor.
3. Summary
By contrast, the comedy Bringing Up Baby shows non-stop conversation at quick
speed. This use of conversation underlines not only the stupidity of the character played
by Katherine Hepburn, but also the nonsense of the film itself and thus its humor.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Mặt khác, bộ phim hài Bringing Up Baby lại đưa ra các đoạn hội thoại không ngừng
nghỉ được trình bày với tốc độ chóng mặt. Việc sử dụng đoạn hội thoại này không chỉ
nhấn mạnh tính cách ngớ ngẩn của nhân vật do Katherine Hepburn thủ vai, mà còn là
sự phi lý của chính bộ phim, và do đó trở thành yếu tố gây cười.
# Sentence 3
1. Original sentence
The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is
no time for audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in
simply managing to follow the plot.
S V O; S V O. S V O
2. Complete sentence
The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no
time for audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in
simply managing to follow the plot.
3. Summary
Because the audience moves from joke to joke and conversation to conversation, he or
she cannot have time to think. He or she watches a series of different activities and only
tries to follow the storyline.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
70
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Khán giả đi từ trò khôi hài đến trò khôi hài khác, từ cuộc hội thoại này đến cuộc hội
thoại khác; không có thời gian cho khán giả suy ngẫm. Khán giả bị đắm chìm vào một
loạt những hành động chỉ để cố theo kịp tình tiết phim.
# Sentence 4
1. Original sentence
For example, the 'click' of a door being opened may simply serve to convince the
audience that the image portrayed is real, and the audience may only subconsciously
note the expected sound. However, if the 'click' of an opening door is part of an ominous
action such as a burglary, the sound mixer may callattention to the 'click' with an
increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense.
S V O that SV, and S V O. Howerver, SVO,S V O; S V
2. Complete sentence
For example, the 'click' of a door (which is) being opened may simply serve to convince
the audience that the image (which is) portrayed is real, and the audience may only
subconsciously note the expected sound. However, if the 'click' of an opening door is
part of an ominous action such as a burglary, the sound mixer may call attention to the
'click' with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of
suspense.
3. Summary
For example, the 'click' help the viewer believe that the image shown is real, and the
viewer note the sound they want to hear. However, if this sound is part of a bad action ,
the sound mixer may make the viewer focus on the 'click' by increasing volume; this
helps to create the feeling of nervousness and excitement.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ví dụ, tiếng “click” của một cánh cửa được mở ra đơn giản có vai trò thuyết phục khán
giả rằng hình ảnh trên màn hình là thật, và khán giả có thể chỉ chú ý trong tiềm thức
đến âm thanh được mong đợi. Tuy nhiên, nếu tiếng “click” của một cánh cửa đang mở
là một phần của một hành động không mấy tốt đẹp như một vụ trộm vào nhà, thì thiết bị
hòa âm trong phim có thể thu hút sự chú ý đến tiếng “click” bằng cách tăng âm lượng
lên; điều này nhằm giúp tạo ra cảm giác hồi hộp, ngờ vực cho khán giả.
# Sentence 5
1. Original sentence
Asynchronous sound effects, on the other hand, are not matched with a visible source
of the sound on screen. Such sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate
emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film.
71
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
S, on the other hand, V O. S V , and S V O
2. Complete sentence
On the other hand, asynchronous sound effects are not matched with a visible source of
the sound on screen. Asynchronous sounds are included so as to provide an
appropriate emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film.
3. Summary
In contrast, asynchronous sound effects are not matched with the sound on screen.
These sounds are added to create a suitable, small difference in emotion, and they may
also make the film more realistic.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ngược lại, hiệu ứng âm thanh không đồng bộ sẽ không khớp với nguồn âm thanh có
thể nhìn thấy trên màn hình. Những âm thanh như vậy được lồng vào nhằm tạo ra sắc
thái cảm xúc phù hợp và chúng cũng có thể tăng thêm độ chân thực cho bộ phim.
# Sentence 6
1. Original sentence
We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become so
ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence. We are aware that it is used to add
emotion and rhythm. Usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an
emotional attitude toward the story and /or the characters depicted.
S V O, which VO.S V that SVO. S V O
2. Complete sentence
We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become so
ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence. We are aware that it (background music)
is used to add emotion and rhythm. Although background music is usually not meant to
be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional attitude toward the story and/or
the characters (which are) depicted.
3. Summary
We all may know background music in films. It is so common that people can notice if it
does not appear in the film. We know that it is used to add emotion and rhythm.
Although background music is usually not meant to be noticeable, it often creates a tone
or an emotional opinion toward the story and/or the characters described.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
72
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Chúng ta có lẽ ai cũng quen với nhạc nền trong các bộ phim, loại nhạc quá phổ biến
đến mức sẽ gây ra sự để ý nếu thiếu vắng trong phim. Chúng ta biết rằng nó được sử
dụng để tăng thêm cảm xúc và nhịp điệu cho bộ phim. Mặc dù không được tạo ra để
gây chú ý, nhưng nhạc nền thường tạo ra thanh điệu và thái độ mang tính cảm xúc cho
câu chuyện và/hoặc các nhân vật được miêu tả.
# Sentence 7
1. Original sentence
Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes. For example, a
particular musical theme associated with an individual character or situation may be
repeated at various points in a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs or
ideas.
S V O. For example, S V O in order to VO
2. Complete sentence
Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes. For example, a
particular musical theme (which is) associated with an individual character or situation
may be repeated at various points in a film in order to remind the audience of salient
motifs or ideas.
3. Summary
Background music may help viewer understand the film by linking scenes. For example,
a musical topic connected to a character or situation may be repeated at many points in
a film in order to remind the audience of main motifs or ideas.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nhạc nền có thể hỗ trợ cho việc hiểu nội dung phim của người xem bằng cách kết nối
các cảnh. Ví dụ, một chủ đề âm nhạc cụ thể nào đó có liên quan đến một nhân vật hoặc
tình huống có thể được lặp đi lặp lại tại những thời điểm khác nhau trong phim để nhắc
khán giả nhớ đến những chủ đề hay ý tưởng chính.
# Sentence 8
1. Original sentence
We need to foster an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as to truly
appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century - the modern film.
S V O that VO
73
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
2. Complete sentence
We need to foster an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as to truly
appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century - the modern film.
3. Summary
In order to truly value the modern film, we need to increase an awareness of film sound
and film space.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Chúng ta cần nâng cao nhận thức về âm thanh trong phim cũng như không gian điện
ảnh để có thể thực sự hiểu và trân trọng hình thức nghệ thuật đã xuất hiện trong suốt
thế kỷ 20 – phim hiện đại.
READING PASSAGE 03
‘This Marvellous Invention’
# Sentence 1
1. Original sentence
Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we
have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it. Without language, we
could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals,
and even over nature itself.
S V O, since SVO. S V O
2. Complete sentence
(When all other inventions are) compared to language, all other inventions pale in
significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and
originates from it (language). Without language, we could never have embarked on our
ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself.
3. Summary
All other inventions are less important than language because everything we have ever
gained depends on language and comes from it. Without language, we could not have
been more powerful than all other animals, even over nature itself.
4 Explanation in Vietnamese
74
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
So với ngôn ngữ thì mọi phát minh khác đều không quan trọng bằng, bởi vì mọi thứ
chúng ta từng đạt được đều dựa vào ngôn ngữ và bắt nguồn từ nó. Không có ngôn ngữ,
chúng ta có thể đã không bao giờ bước đến đỉnh cao với sức mạnh vô song vượt qua
tất cả các loài động vật khác, thậm chí còn vượt qua cả tự nhiên nữa.
# Sentence 2
1. Original sentence
In its own right it is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet based on an idea of
ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty
sounds that infinite variety of expressions which, whilst having in themselves no
likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to
make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and all the various
stirrings of our soul’.
S V O , yet VO that VO which, whilst VingO what VO and VO who VO that SV
2. Complete sentence
In its (language’s) own right it is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet (language is)
based on an idea of ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of
twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite variety of expressions which, whilst having in
themselves no likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to other people its
(our mind’s) whole secret and to make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that
we imagine, and (make known to other people) all the various stirrings of our soul’.
3. Summary
Language is complex, but based on a simple idea: “This invention includes twenty-five
or thirty sounds that create many expressions. Although these expressions are not
similar to what is in our mind, they help us to show what we think, imagine and all of our
feelings to other people”.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ngôn ngữ tự thân nó đã là một công cụ của sự phức tạp phi thường, tuy nhiên nó lại
dựa trên một ý tưởng về sự đơn giản mà khéo léo: “Phát minh tuyệt diệu này bao gồm
25 đến 30 âm cái mà tạo ra vô số các cách diễn đạt không hề giống với những gì mà
chúng ta đang nghĩ trong đầu nhưng lại cho phép chúng ta tiết lộ toàn bộ bí mật trong
đầu chúng ta với người khác, và truyền đạt mọi điều ta tưởng tượng và tất cả những
khuấy động trong tâm hồn ta với những người không thể hiểu chúng. ”
# Sentence 3
1. Original sentence
75
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the homage to
languages unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity. Language
is mankind’s greatest invention - except, of course, that it was never invented.
S V O. S V O, of course, that SV
2. Complete sentence
Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the homage to
language’s unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity. Language
is mankind’s greatest invention - except, of course, that it (language) was never
invented.
3. Summary
However, there is one mistake in these praises, because the respect for language hides
a simple but important inappropriateness: Language is our biggest invention, but it was
never invented.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Mặc dù vậy, chỉ có một lỗ hổng duy nhất trong tất cả những lời ca ngợi này, bởi vì sự
tôn sùng thành tựu độc đáo của ngôn ngữ che dấu một điều bất hợp lý đơn giản nhưng
quan trọng. Tất nhiên ngôn ngữ là phát minh vĩ đại nhất của nhân loại – ngoại trừ việc
dĩ nhiên nó không bao giờ được phát minh ra.
# Sentence 4
1. Original sentence
Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything
other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman.
S V O that SVO
2. Complete sentence
Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it (language) as
anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman.
3. Summary
Language seems to be very skillfully created, so we often think that it is the perfect work
of an excellent craftsman.
76
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Ngôn ngữ thường có vẻ được tạo ra một cách rất tài tình đến nỗi người ta khó có thể
tưởng tượng được rằng nó là một cái gì khác ngoại trừ một tác phẩm bằng tay hoàn hảo
của một nghệ nhân bậc thầy.
# Sentence 5
1. Original sentence
But run them through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them
in some very special orders, and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air
cannot do from sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the
fundamental order of the universe.
S V O, and S V that SVO
2. Complete sentence
But run them (meaningless streams of air) through the cogs and wheels of the language
machine, let it (the language machine) arrange them (meaningless streams of air) in
some very special orders, and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air
cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the
fundamental order of the universe.
3. Summary
But the language machine can arrange the nonsense streams of air in some very
special orders, from breathing out because of boredom to make clear the basic order of
universe.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Nhưng khi chúng đi qua các bánh răng và guồng quay của bộ máy ngôn ngữ, chúng lại
được sắp xếp theo những thứ tự rất đặc biệt, và không có gì mà những dòng không khí
vô nghĩa này lại không làm được: từ thở dài vì chán ngán sự tồn tại đến làm sáng tỏ trật
tự cơ bản của vũ trụ.
# Sentence 6
1. Original sentence
77
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
The language machine allows just about everybody from pre-modern foragers in the
subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl - to tie these
meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently
without the slightest exertion.
SVO
2. Complete sentence
The language machine allows just about everybody from pre-modern foragers in the
subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl - to tie these
meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently
without the slightest exertion.
3. Summary
The language machine allows almost everybody to combine these nonsense sounds
into various senses without having to make any effort.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Bộ máy ngôn ngữ cho phép gần như tất cả mọi người – từ những người đi tìm kiếm
thức ăn thời cổ đại trên những thảo nguyên vùng cận nhiệt đới, đến những nhà triết
học hậu hiện đại trong những khu nhà ở gần thành phố – kết nối những âm thanh vô
nghĩa này với nhau thành vô số những ý nghĩa mơ hồ nhưng tinh tế, và dường như
không cần phải tốn chút sức lực nào.
# Sentence 7
1. Original sentence
Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own
success, since in everyday life its triumphs are usually taken for granted. The wheels of
language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the
resourcefulness and expertise that must have gone into making it tick.
Yet S V O which VO, since SV. S V O that SVO that VO
2. Complete sentence
Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own
success, since in everyday life its (language’s) triumphs are usually taken for granted.
The wheels of language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about
all the resourcefulness and expertise that must have gone into making it (language) tick.
78
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
3. Summary
However, this simplicity makes people not value language. The language machine runs
very smoothly, so we have never stopped and thought about all the effort and
knowledge used to make language work.
4. Explanation in Vietnamese
Tuy nhiên, chính xác thì sự dễ dàng mang tính dối lừa này đã khiến ngôn ngữ trở thành
một nạn nhân của chính thành công của nó, bởi vì trong cuộc sống hàng ngày, những
thành tựu của ngôn ngữ thường bị coi là đương nhiên. Các bánh xe ngôn ngữ chạy quá
trơn tru đến nỗi người ta hiếm khi dừng lại và nghĩ về mọi công sức và chuyên môn đã
phải bỏ ra để ngôn ngữ vận hành được.
# Sentence 8
1. Original sentence
Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and
outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of languages design. One of the
showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of
breath-breaking length, and thus express in one word what English takes a whole
sentence to say.
S V O that V. S V that SVO, and SVO what SVO
2. Complete sentence
Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and
outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of language’s design. One of the
showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of
breath-breaking length, and thus express in one word what English takes a whole
sentence to say.
3. Summary
Often, only the difference of foreign languages, with their many strange features, makes
us understand the wonder of language’s design. the most interesting things that some
languages can do well is an ability to create very long words4. Explanation in
Vietnamese
Thường thì chỉ có sự khác biệt của ngôn ngữ nước ngoài, với những đặc trưng khác lạ
và kỳ dị của chúng, mới giúp chúng ta hiểu rõ hơn về sự kỳ diệu của sáng tạo ngôn
ngữ. Một trong những thứ hấp dẫn nhất mà một vài ngôn ngữ có thể làm được đó là
79
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
khả năng xây dựng từ với chiều dài nghẹt thở, và vì thế diễn tả một từ mà tiếng Anh cần
cả câu mới diễn tả được.
80
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11
Bạn có thể tìm các tài liệu Boost your comprehension tại
Facebook Group: IELTS Việt
Facebook Group: IELTS family – Các nhóm tự học IELTS
Hoặc
facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com
Bạn nào sử dụng sách và thấy sách có tác dụng thì
rất mong các bạn hãy chia sẻ với team làm sách và
mọi người cùng biết vì như vậy sẽ tạo động lực cho các
bạn khác cũng đang trong quá trình học IELTS.
Chân thành cám ơn các bạn và chúc các bạn học tốt!
Đinh Thắng
thangwrm@gmail.com
facebook.com/dinhthangielts
81
Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts
ielts-dinhthang.com