Definition of Terms
Management Theories- Theories that help improve
the management process.
Management Process- the coordinating and
overseeing of the work performance of individuals
working together in organizations so that they could
efficiently and effectively accomplish their chosen
goals.
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES
Scientific Management Theory
The advocate of the theory is Frederick W. Taylor (1865 –
1915) and known as the Father of Scientific
Management. “one best way” for a job to be done.
Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles
 make the employees grow by training, teaching and
developing workers for efficiency.
 Cooperation and not individualism
 division of labor accordingly
Scientific Management Theory
The Gilbreth’s Frank (1868-1924)
and Lillian (1878-1972)
They devised a classification scheme to label 17
basic hand motions called THERBLIGS ( derived
from Gilbreth spelled backward)
Administrative Management Theory
The General Administrative Theory emphasizes
departmentalization of functions or activities to be
performed for achieving a common purpose.
It also focuses on the good management practice or
implementation. Henri Fayol (1841-1925) and Max
Weber (1864-1920) are the people associated with
such theory.
Administrative Management Theory
14 Management Principles of Henri
Fayol
1. Division of labor – breaking of job into specialized tasks for
efficiency of productivity.
2. Authority – right given to a person to influence by giving
orders or command to a person.
3. Discipline – the uniform application of rightful behavior.
4. Unity of Command – employees must have only one
supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction – efforts of every employee must be
aligned to organizational objectives.
6. Subordination of the individual interest to the general
interest –employees must prioritize the welfare of the
Administrative Management Theory
14 Management Principles of Henri Fayol
7. Remuneration – employees should be paid fairly and
accordingly with the prescribed labor laws.
8. Centralization – the concentration of control of an activity or
organization under a single authority. Decentralization is the
empowerment of sub-groups in organization due to complexity
or growth.
9. Scalar chain – employees should follow the official chain of
command and must not by-pass the authorities found in
organizational charts
Administrative Management Theory
14 Management Principles of Henri Fayol
10. Order – human and non-human resources should be in
proper places.
11. Equity – result of kindliness and justice in every decision.
12. Stability of tenure – employees must be assured of
permanency of job position.
13. Initiative – management must let employees to act own
their own free-will or volition.
14. Esprit de Corps – teamwork by having harmony and sense
of unity.
Administrative Management Theory
Max Weber (1864-1920)
“Father of Bureaucracy”
1. division of labor
2. hierarchical identification
3. detailed rules and regulations
4. impersonal connections with one another
Behavioral Management Theory
- Human Relations Movement- focuses on
the human aspect of work
The three proponent of this theory are
Mary Parker Follett, Elton Mayo and
Chester Barnard.
Behavioral Management Theory
Mary Parker Follett- known for developing
constructive conflict and coordination,
she believed that conflict could be beneficial,
where in managers could deal
conflicts in three ways:
domination, compromise, integration
Behavioral Management Theory
Mary Parker Follett Theories- to exist coordination
among workers.
1. Increase opportunities for colleagues to work together
by establishing project teams, digital conference calls, or
open-plan offices.
2. Allow individuals greater flexibility to achieve their
appraisal targets in their own way.
3. Encourage a flat hierarchy structure across the
organization. Employees shouldn’t feel devalued but
should feel that leaders are “powering with” employees.
4. Create a buddy system.
Behavioral Management Theory
Elton Mayo Hawthorne (1880-1949)
Harvard Researcher
Hawthorne effect- Studies found that
human factors related to work are more
important than the physical condition or
the design of work, thus workers’ feelings
and attitude affected their work
performance
Behavioral Management Theory
Abraham Maslow translated Mayo's 'social
needs' into a five level 'hierarchy of needs'
Management Science Theory
Quantitative Theory originated in World War II and
revealed that the spirit of scientific management
commitment, use of quantitative measurement
and computer modeling theory such as analysis of
complex business problems which gradually
become a branch of the management science and
operations management perspective.
Contributes to managerial decision making,
particularly in planning and controlling.
Organizational Environment Theory
Organization is a part of larger environment
outside its boundaries and is affected by social,
technical and economic factors which are in form
of systems perspective based on physical
sciences.
Basic types of systems:
Open system- interacts with its environment
Closed System- has NO interaction with its
environment.
Directions: Read the paragraph and
Scenario:
You are employed by a 350-bed urban medical center.
You directly supervise 30 staff Physical Therapists in the
Rehabilitation Department in which you are the
Department Head (DH). Over the last 5 years leadership
has discussed merging with another smaller hospital in
the local area. This hospital is a 120-bed facility that has
faced various financial and patient care safety issues.
As a result of the merger the management structure
has been realigned to ensure operational functions of
both physical facilities are controlled by a single
manager-you have been chosen as that new manager.
Draw your concept of a
manager
Instructions:
Choose one of the five basic
management functions: Planning,
Organizing, Staffing, Leading or
Controlling. Clearly describe why you
chose this function and why you feel this
particular function is essential to your
effective management as a result of the
merger.