Practice Test
Booklet
2017-2018
AFRICA
United States Academic Decathlon®
PO Box 4351, Mankato, MN 56002
866-511-USAD
Email: info@usad.org / Web site: www.usad.org
Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
United States
Academic Decathlon®
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
Art
4
Music
13
Mathematics
21
Economics
28
Literature
37
Science
46
Social Science
54
Super Quiz™ Relay
64
Essay
72
Speech
74
Interview
75
Test Answer Keys
76
United States Academic Decathlon®
All Rights Reserved
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
FOREWORD
The United States Academic Decathlon® is a ten-event scholastic competition for teams of ninth- through twelfth-grade students
from high schools throughout the United States. Each team is composed of nine members: 3 Honor (A) students, 3 Scholastic (B)
students, and 3 Varsity (C) students. All nine students compete in all ten events with the overall top two Honor scores, top two
Scholastic scores, and top two Varsity scores counting toward the overall team ranking. In many states, first-round scrimmages
include larger teams.
The United States Academic Decathlon® competition is comprised of ten events. There are seven multiple-choice exams—one in
each of the following subject areas: Art, Economics, Literature, Mathematics, Music, Social Science, and Science. The culmination
of the competition is the Super Quiz™ relay. The Super Quiz™ relay includes questions (in multiple-choice format) from the
following seven subject areas: Art, Economics, Literature, Mathematics, Music, Science, and Social Science. Students will also take
an Essay exam and will be judged in a Speech event as well as an Interview event.
The multiple-choice exams in Art, Economics, Literature, Music, Science, and Social Science each have 50 questions. The Art
Tests will include an accompanying PowerPoint slideshow for question 1-10 that are based upon the artwork images. The Music
Tests will include accompanying listening files for question 1-12 based on the USAD Music CD. Please refer to USAD Practice
Test CD for the Art and Music Practice Test files. The Mathematics exam has 35 questions. Coaches can contact their State
Director to find out which question format will be used for the Super Quiz™ relay.
The Literature test items will largely be derived from the selected works of literature, though some test items may also be based on
information provided in the Literature Resource Guide. Furthermore, Literature tests will include a critical reading passage with
accompanying test items. The Literature test will also expect students to be able to analyze the selected works of literature as well
as the critical reading passage and will expect students to be familiar with literary terms and devices.
The United States Academic Decathlon® offers Resource Guides and Student Exercise Books in Art, Economics, Literature, Music,
Science, and Social Science. The Resource Guides and the Student Exercise Books are written by individual writers under contract
with the Academic Decathlon®. The Resource Guides and Student Exercise Books will assist students in their study of the topics
listed in the subject area outlines. All Academic Decathlon® competition test items will be derived from the information and
concepts presented in the Resource Guides, as well as the selected literature, artworks, and musical works.
Students will be given 30 minutes to complete each of the written multiple-choice exams. Students will have 50 minutes to
complete the Essay exam.
The competition tests are developed each year by individual writers under contract with the United States Academic Decathlon ®.
The United States Academic Decathlon® contracts with test writers and reviewers who are subject matter experts. Test writers have
been instructed to write the competition tests in accordance with the topics and percentages noted in the subject area outlines.
Test writers have been instructed to construct tests such that at least 10–20% of the questions on each test will require the use of
higher order thinking skills. For more information on higher order thinking skills, please refer to the United States Academic
Decathlon® Coach’s Handbook.
Qualifying and scrimmage competitions are held during the fall; elimination competitions at the district, county, or regional level
are held during the winter. Winning teams advance to the state finals in March, and state championship teams attend the national
finals in April each year.
This booklet contains sample United States Academic Decathlon® tests for the 2017-2018 season. These practice tests are largely
illustrative of the form, content, and difficulty level of competition tests. It is recommended that coaches use the Practice Test Booklet
to gain an understanding of the test instruments as well as to diagnose and evaluate the strengths of their potential team members.
These tests may be reproduced by coaches at the school level for use only with their own teams. These tests may not be
reproduced at the district, county, regional, or state level, or for any other purpose, without the express written permission
of the United States Academic Decathlon®.
United States Academic Decathlon® PO Box 4351, Mankato, MN 56002 866-511-USAD
Email: info@usad.org / Web site: www.usad.org
Copyright 2017. All rights reserved.
3
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
The topics for the ten competitive events are published in the form of subject area outlines in the Study Guide, which is released in
May for the following academic year. The academic decathlon competition tests will be written in accordance with the topics and
percentages noted in the subject area outlines.
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_____________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
ART PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Questions 1-10 are each based upon one selected artwork from the United States Academic Decathlon® Art
Reproductions Booklet. A PowerPoint Slide will be displayed with a different artwork to accompany questions
1-10 listed below. Each slide will be displayed for 37 seconds.
1.
What is the physical evidence of this head's ritual use?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
The sequence of rounded arch forms on the first floor of this palace façade is MOST reminiscent of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
the Great Ziggurat of Ur
great halls of traditional Cameroon palaces
Medieval Gothic cathedrals
the exterior of the Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
the ancient Roman Colosseum façade
This bowl BEST illustrates which formal quality of art?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
The simplicity of the design makes it merely a base for further ornament.
the shine of the surface indicating multiple applications of oil
As a ceremonial mask, it was meant to be worn.
the large eyes which indicate vigilant prayer
its reference to a fetus, linking death with new life
pattern
hue
negative space
chiaroscuro
asymmetrical balance
In his film Felix in Exile, William Kentridge created a sense of metamorphosis through what aspect visible in
this still image?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
naturalism in the rendering of figures
black and white with minimal color
shifts from interior to exterior settings
strong drawn lines with erased ghost lines
views of himself as both female and male
4
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INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
The lyre is understood to be anthropomorphic. This can be seen in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
6.
The abstracted body and aggressive forms seen here are African qualities that influenced
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.
lost-wax casting
freestanding sculpture
bas-relief
work of papier-mâché
earthwork
The formal quality of art that is BEST represented here is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
prisoners of war
the rear guard of the procession
Portuguese traders
ancestral spirits of the king
English slave traders
This terracotta work is considered a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Egyptian funerary masks
early 20th -century movements like Cubism
1960s Pop Art
Gianlorenzo Bernini’s Baroque works
Ife bronze figures and heads
Who do the figures at the upper left and right represent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
use of ornament from many regions
appearance of eyes, nose and arms
use of skin on the circular head
attachment of six strings
instruments use for the healing of women
aerial perspective
local color
chiaroscuro
texture
intensity
The photograph is typical of Aida Muluneh’s work in that it
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
is black and white photography
is based on everyday life in Kenya
continues her interest in women’s issues
comments on victims of Boko Haram
uses halo-like backlighting
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SKT, IASD - International, NA
5.
II.
Questions 11-50 are not based upon PowerPoint Slideshow images.
11.
Between 1885 and 1960, Congo was under the control of what European country?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In history, Western Africa was home to powerful cultures of the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
When ceramic pots are “thrown,” the clay has been
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
14.
eastern Africa
the Sahara
southern Africa
Nigeria
central Africa
The Great Bieri is an example of a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
repeatedly dropped to eliminate air bubbles
shaped on a potter’s wheel
fired once before being glazed
fired after being glazed
cracked due to technical flaws
Some of the earliest evidence of African culture is found in what region?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.
Coptic Christians and Muslims
Nubians and Egyptians
Asante, Ife and the Kingdom of Benin
Zulu, Swazi and Shona
Kilimanjaro and Kenya
large nkondi
reliquary statue
fertility figure
carved pillar
royal scepter
Pastels are used as a medium for
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
painting
lithography
intaglio
collage
drawing
6
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
12.
France
Great Britain
Netherlands
Belgium
Portugal
Who is an Ethiopian-born photographer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
18.
Large scale Nok terracotta figures are hollow. The artist would have shaped the wet clay over an internal
framework of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
Great Mosque at Cordoba
Alhambra, Granada
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Taj Mahal, Agra
Great Mosque of Isfahan
Which of the following is NOT a consistent characteristic of African art?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
the Nok bas relief sculpture
the Ife Brass Head
the Pwo or Female mask of the Chokwe
“Lydenburg Heads” of South Africa
the Kongo “Nail Figure”
One of the oldest examples of Islamic architecture is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21.
bent wire
copper bands
wax
wood
bone
Incised lines representing both scarification and tears can be found on which sculpture highlighted in the Art
Resource Guide?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.
Ata Owoo
William Seitz
Osei Tutu
Aida Muluneh
El Anatsui
the centrality of the human figure
functionality of art objects
emphasis on sculptural form
lack of concern over individual authorship
realism that stems from observation of nature
The religious art of India reflects the prevalence of both Hinduism and
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Christianity
Zoroastrianism
Jainism
Buddhism
Shinto
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SKT, IASD - International, NA
17.
Ife bronze sculptures were first analyzed and described by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
24.
An early painter of total abstraction was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
Gustave Courbet
Jean Antoine Watteau
Emile Nolde
Jacques Louis David
Eugéne Delacroix
The “Lydenburg Heads” have the form of inverted vessels and ornamentation that links them to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
South Africa
the Sudan
West Africa
Kenya
Central Africa
Which nineteenth-century Realist artist outraged conventional audiences by rendering scenes of the working
class?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27.
the Cubist Georges Braque
Vasily Kandinsky of Der Blaue Reiter
the Expressionist Edvard Munch
Post-Impressionist Vincent van Gogh
the Surrealist Salvador Dalí
The broad area drained by the Congo River system is generally referred to as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
Frank Willett of the Nigerian Department of Antiquities
German anthropologist Leo Frobenius
Kongo ethnographer Kavuna Simon
art historian Robert Goldwater
archaeologist William Fagg
cast metal work
weavings
stone carving
rock engravings
decorated pottery
Which artist creates assemblages out of found objects like aluminum bottle caps?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Paa Willie
William Kentridge
El Anatsui
Marcel Duchamp
Pablo Picasso
8
SKT, IASD - International, NA
23.
Many of the traditional palaces of the Cameroon Grassland culture were rebuilt repeatedly because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
30.
In Rococo painting, the subject of the fête galante included
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
jet plane
cocoa pod
Cadillac
piano
Coca-Cola bottle
The animals seen in the Stone Age petroglyphs from the Twyfelfontein Valley in Namibia share what
following style characteristic?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
34.
descent from a long-standing family dynasty
descent from the creator of Ife and humankind
being the child of the sun god Amun
consent from the community council
being chosen by the previous ruler
The fantasy coffin tradition in Ghana began with a coffin in the shape of a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33.
genre scenes of the peasantry
militia musters and drills
angel-filled heavenly visions
members of the nobility at leisure
romantic encounters from Classical mythology
The king in Yoruba culture established his authority on
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
32.
they were highly flammable
of clashes with the Lunda empire
of European destruction
each successive Fon required new quarters
of destructive wind storms
All are rendered in strict profile silhouette.
Soft edges produced by powdered pigment blown on the wall.
The animals are reduced to angular geometric shapes.
The animals appear to diminish with linear perspective.
Each animal stands on a line that represents the ground.
The Italian Renaissance designer Filippo Brunelleschi is well-known for the completion of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome
the Palace of Versailles
the dome of the Florence Cathedral
the Cathedral of Milan
the “Gates of Paradise,” Florence
9
SKT, IASD - International, NA
29.
With the abolitionist movements in Europe and the United States at the conclusion of the eighteenth century
came
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
36.
The Nok bas-relief sculpture highlighted in the Art Resource Guide, includes scenes that relate to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
37.
Kente cloth
gold
diamonds
ivory
exotic animal skins
The culture that had the GREATEST contact and exchange with ancient Egypt was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
40.
birth control and family planning
inheritance rights
countering domestic violence
countering sexual predation
economic independence
In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, what luxury item was exported on a large scale from Africa by the
Portuguese?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
39.
a royal procession
the hunt, with large game animals
a war victory celebration
punishment or dispelling evil spirits
everyday life activities
In the late twentieth century, African women first expressed feminist activism with a focus on
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
38.
the publication of A Geographical History of Africa
a period of Western decolonization of Africa
the Great Bantu Migration
an end to the slave trade era
greater literacy among the Kongolese
the Kingdom of Benin
ancient Fang
Nubia
the Ife settlement
the Kongolese
A sculptural subject that dates to the Old Stone Age is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
female figure, with exaggerated belly and breasts
seated chieftain figure
portrait displaying only head and shoulders
hunting relief showing human and animal figures
standing sun god Shamash
10
SKT, IASD - International, NA
35.
In metal casting, the indirect method of the lost wax process allows for
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
42.
Which animal was often used to symbolize African chieftainship?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
missionary schools which largely unified language in south and east Africa
a thousand years of the Great Bantu Migration
the dominant Kingdom of Benin which spread a common language
a unification of tribal languages as a means of countering the slave trade
expanding deserts in Northern Africa that pushed Bantu-speaking people southward
On the brass head from Ife, regular incised lines over the face may suggest
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
46.
formal analysis
art criticism
a primary resource
contextual analysis
an exhibition review
Much of sub-Sahara Africa speaks Bantu due to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
45.
leopard
rhinoceros
zebra
hawk
bull
Exploration of an artwork in terms of its cultural and historic origins is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
work on a large scale
multiple copies of the sculpture
preliminary clay models
a layer of gold on a bronze base
a longer cooling period
scarification
divinity
healing powers
a royal veil
evil intent
Perhaps the best-known photographic documentation of Africa of the late nineteenth century was done by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the Royal Geographical Society
the Archaeological Institute of America
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geographie
Life magazine
the National Geographic Society
11
SKT, IASD - International, NA
41.
The “Benin Bronzes” were originally made for what purpose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
48.
While the kente cloth was originally made with raffia, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the
material was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
cotton
wool
silk
linen
rayon
What prevented William Kentridge from adopting the racism of many privileged white South Africans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
as tomb furnishings
to guard against evil in domestic settings
to decorate a royal palace
for ancestor worship
as trade goods for the Western market
His parents worked to support oppressed blacks.
He was born and raised in the Netherlands.
He coached rugby for black youth.
He was part Indian, another oppressed group.
He worked with black miners, and gained familiarity.
The Yombe finial for a royal scepter discussed in the Art Resource Guide includes a figure below the carved
king. Who is this smaller figure?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a servant bringing food
a guard with a ceremonial sword
a musician with a lyre
his primary queen
a captured enemy or slave
12
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47.
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_______________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
MUSIC PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
_______________________________________________________________________________________
I.
1.
Listening Questions:
What African country is this form of music making MOST commonly found?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
This excerpt demonstrates what common African diasporic musical practice?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Youssou N’Dour
Umm Kulthum
Ladysmith Black Mambazo
Toumani Diabaté
Fela Kuti
The instrument heard at the beginning of this excerpt is BEST categorized as a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
improvisation
cyclic structure
cross-rhythm
all of the above
none of the above
Who is the likely performer of this excerpt?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
Ghana
Guinea
Senegal
Mali
South Africa
aerophone
chordophone
electrophone
membranophone
idiophone
The texture heard in this excerpt is BEST described as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
heterophonic
quadraphonic
polyphonic
monophonic
homophonic
13
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
What instrument(s) is/are performing the primary melodic material in this excerpt?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
7.
Where is the singer of this excerpt from?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
Minstrelsy
Gospel
Hip hop
Rhythm and blues
none of the above
What record label helped to promote the music of this artist?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.
polytonality
chromaticism
microtonality
call and response
unison
This excerpt reveals the influence of what U.S. musical style?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.
French
Twi
Ewe
Zulu
Xhosa
This excerpt reveals what distinctive African musical practice?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
Ghana
Central African Republic
Rwanda
South Africa
Senegal
In what language is the rapper performing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
kora
bala
mbira
oud
guitar
Island
Fania
Mango
EMI
RCA Victor
What instrument(s) is/are playing the melodic material in this excerpt?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
oud
kora
bala
ngoni
guitar
14
SKT, IASD - International, NA
6.
II.
Non-Listening Questions:
13.
What lamellophone is commonly played by the Shona people?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The popular Congolese musical style known as _______ features the guitar prominently.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.
Which of the following geographic regions in Africa tends to prefer monophonic musical textures?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
binary rhythm
periodic phrasing
off-beat phrasing
polymeter
metrical phrasing
What term is used to describe the relative density of a musical performance?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
composing a thousand Christian worship songs
rejuvenating ballet in Ghana
publishing widely on the theory and practice of African music
conducting a world-class western orchestra
recording more than three hundred popular songs
You are listening to a reissued recording by Thomas Mapfumo and notice that the drummer tends to
emphasize two meters simultaneously. This technique is BEST described as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18.
North Africa
East Africa
South Africa
West Africa
Central Africa
J.H. Kwabena Nketia is widely celebrated for what contribution to African musical life?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.
Reggae
Bossa nova
Ska
Soukous
Rai
timbre
texture
tempo
meter
rhythm
The term “hocket” describes the interlocking of two ______ to create a single line.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
meters
textures
timbres
melodies
harmonies
15
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
14.
kora
bala
oud
mbira
ngoni
With what ethnic group did the musician Hamza El Din, perhaps BEST known for his collaborations with the
Grateful Dead, belong?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
21.
Osei Tutu founded what major African kingdom in the 1670s?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
post-colonial independence
Christian missionaries
American ethnomusicological interests
shortwave radio broadcasting
all of the above
Rumba, a style of African diasporic dance that features conga drums, is popular in what country?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
Vodun
Candomble
Santería
Rastafarianism
Sufism
The development of national ballets in Guinea and other West African countries in the 1950s was a response
to ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
heterophonic
homophonic
polyphonic
biphonic
monophonic
What African diasporic religious practice continues to be practiced in Cuba?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
Asante
Mali
Benin
Egypt
Zanzibar
You are listening to a performance of five musicians who all sound as though they are singing the same
melody, but with different ornamentation. What is the texture of this performance?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
Shona
Nubian
Xhosa
BaBenzele
Mande
Haiti
Ghana
Cuba
Trinidad and Tobago
the Bahamas
In what decade was the Cuban son first imported to the Congo?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1920s
1940s
1960s
1980s
2000s
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SKT, IASD - International, NA
20.
Which of the following musical genres did NOT influence Fela Kuti as he was developing the Afrobeat style
in the 1970s?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
28.
Which of the following is a NOT a common element found in African hip hop?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
29.
Twi
Ewe
Xhosa
Nubian
Shona
What faith did the missionaries who brought brass bands to Africa practice?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
32.
Youssou N’Dour
Salif Keita
Toumani Diabate
Miriam Makeba
Fela Kuti
The music of Zimbabwean vocalist Thomas Mapfumo was based, in part, upon the musical practices of what
ethnic group?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
beats built around local ethnic rhythms
use of native languages
lyrical discussion of political issues
new kinds of rhythms
use of equal temperament
What popular singer, known for his development of Afrobeat, found himself in frequent trouble with the
Nigerian government?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
Ghanaian highlife
Jazz
Soul
Gospel
Rock
Rastafarianism
Santería
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
What is the name of the five-stringed lute that is the exclusive province of the Mande jelis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ngoni
kora
bala
oud
tama
17
SKT, IASD - International, NA
27.
Oumou Sangaré, a popular singer from Mali, helped to bring the music of what hunting people to the
international stage?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
34.
The atumpan is a pair of drums that is closely associated with people of what Ghanaian ethnic group?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35.
leatherworking
blacksmithing
beading
weaving
glass blowing
The Mande kora is believed to be the descendent of harps played by people occupied as _______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
38.
Jeliya
Jembe ensemble
Sabar ensemble
Steel pan band
none of the above
The Mande jembe is typically constructed by craftsmen working in what trade?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
37.
Akan
Ewe
Mande
Gurundi
Ga-Adangbe
You are traveling in Senegal and find yourself at a performance of the national ballet. There, you see a group
of musicians playing several drums, including one that seems to be imitating the sounds of human speech.
The group that you are hearing is BEST described as a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
36.
BaAka
Wasulu
BaBenzele
Zulu
Tuareg
blacksmiths
glass blowers
hunters
warriors
doctors
You are travelling in Mali and visit a local cultural site where musicians and dancers treat you to a
performance. You note that several drummers are playing goblet-shaped drums using their bare hands. What
drums are you MOST likely seeing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
atumpan
sabar
tama
gungon
jembe
18
SKT, IASD - International, NA
33.
Gahu, Agbadza, and Atsiagbekor are all examples of __________ drumming styles.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
40.
Arab musical culture exerted a strong influence on what popular musical tradition found throughout East
Africa?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
41.
Afrocubism
Ladysmith Black Mambazo
Dlamini King Brothers
Soweto Gospel Choir
Joyous Celebration
What instrument, derived from African ancestors, was commonly played in the minstrel troupes that toured
throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
Ghana
Mali
Egypt
South Africa
Madagascar
What popular South African choir garnered international attention through their work with Paul Simon?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
Soukous
Taarab
Hiplife
Afrobeat
Isicathamiya
You pick up a recording of traditional African music at your local library, but unfortunately, the liner notes
contain very little information. You do, however, hear a very interesting homophonic vocal composition that
seems to feature what sounds like European harmonies and a banjo. The MOST likely geographic location
where this recording was made is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
42.
Akan
Dagbamba
Ewe
Ga
Wolof
Kora
Banjo
Guitar
Oud
Piano
The Ewe axatse is a gourd rattle that uses ______ to create its sound.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
thin membranes
beads on the outside
leather cords
seeds
bells
19
SKT, IASD - International, NA
39.
You are working in a music library and encounter a compact disc recording of BaBenzele singing. You note
that the CD lists the performers involved in the recording, and it features a fairly lengthy essay by an
ethnomusicologist, who tells about the structure and cultural context of the music. The recording you are
exploring is BEST described as a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
46.
You are attending a performance by a Malian jeli and note that, as he repeats melodic ideas, he often changes
them in subtle ways. This practice might be BEST described as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
47.
Mamady Keita
Famoudou Konate
Ladji Camara
Tito Puente
Elvin Jones
In what South American country did bossa nova develop?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
kalimba
ngoni
kora
bala
atumpan
What Guinean drummer is often credited with helping to popularize the jembe internationally?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
call and response
polyrhythm
off-beat phrasing
improvisation
cyclic form
The U.S.-based band Earth, Wind, and Fire helped to popularize what traditional African musical instrument?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
48.
Library album
Ethnographic recording
Commercial album
Edutainment project
none of the above
Colombia
Ecuador
Argentina
Brazil
Peru
How many parts does a Cuban son typically have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
2
3
4
5
20
SKT, IASD - International, NA
45.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
MATHEMATICS PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.
̅̅̅̅ with midpoint Q, what are the coordinates of P if the coordinates of Q are (1, 2) and
Given line segment ��
the coordinates of R are (4, 6)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
The position of a vehicle is modeled by the equation S(t) = 3t3 - 18t2 - 16t + 10, where t is the time in seconds
and S(t) represents the distance, in feet, from the starting position. How fast, in feet per second, is the vehicle
traveling 5 seconds from when it began moving?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
(3, 4)
(7, 10)
(2.5, 4)
(5, 8)
(–2, –2)
29
104
–145
39
20
A basketball team has three games remaining in the season. What is the probability that this basketball team
will win two of their remaining games if the probability of winning a game is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
4
1
8
3
8
5
8
1
3
21
1
2
?
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
4.
One lane of a two-lane highway can be modeled by the equation y  2
2
3
( x  5) . Which of the following
equations could model the other lane of the highway, if it runs right alongside of the first lane?
a.
b.
d.
e.
5.
The Great Pyramid of Giza has a height of 455 feet. If the volume of the pyramid is 91,227,778 cubic feet,
what is the length of a side of the square base rounded to the nearest foot?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
Two intersecting chords in a circle form arc angles of 30° and 60°. What angle do the chords form with one
another?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.
15°
30°
45°
60°
180°
What is the slope-intercept form of a line tangent to �(�) = � 3 − 4� 2 + 1 at x = 2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
776
253
448
455
259
y = –4x – 26
y = –4x – 1
y = –3x – 1
y = –4x + 1
y = –3x – 19
Given a 45-45-90 triangle with corresponding angles A, B, and C, what are the lengths of sides b and c if
side a = 2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2√2, 1
1, 2
2, 2√2
2, 1
2, √2
22
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
c.
3
y
 x5
2
2
y
 x7
3
2

y
x  10
3
2
y
 x5
3
3

y
x2
2
A given circle has an area of 16. What is the radius of the circle rounded to the nearest tenth? (Use 3.14 for
the value of  ).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
10.
What is the probability of catching a catfish from a newly created pond that has been stocked with 25 catfish
and 50 large-mouth bass?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.
3
1
2
2
3
1
4
3
4
206.2
396.9
15.8
193.6
400.0
A can of soda pop in the shape of a cylinder has a height of 32. The diameter of the base is 14. What is the
surface area of the can of soda pop rounded to the nearest tenth? (Use 3.14 for the value of  ).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
1
A library is located at coordinates (-25, 100) and a school is located at coordinates (25, 300). What is the
distance between the library and the school? (Round to the nearest tenth)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.
50.2
9.9
5.1
803.8
2.3
19,694.1
1,714.4
1,560.6
3,428.9
4,923.5
A satellite is orbiting Earth at an altitude of 250 miles. What is the distance in miles from the satellite to the
horizon of Earth (tangent)? (The radius of Earth is approximately 3,959 miles).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
250
3,709
5,778
1,429
1,679
23
SKT, IASD - International, NA
9.
Evaluate the following limit: lim
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
15.
a.
b.
7
5
d.
e.
7
25
24
256
15
18
360
The highest point on a mountain is located at the coordinates (120, 4296). If you are standing at the base of
the mountain on coordinate (4, 200), what is the slope of the mountainside? (Round to the nearest tenth).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
49,215,358.2
196,861,433
15,673,681
49,725.04
65,620,477.7
A family of six people wants to form a four-person band. How many different combinations can be formed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18.
5
What is the total surface area of Earth in square miles? Earth has a mean radius of 3,959 miles. Use 3.14 for
the value of  .
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.
–3
–1
0
3
The limit does not exist.
x2  5x  4
Given ∆ABC with ∠ B = 90° and sides a = 3 and c = 4, what is the length of side b?
c.
16.
x  1
x2  x  2
35.8
36.3
5.4
35.3
0.2
What is the most precise name for the polygon that has four congruent sides, interior angles not equal to 90°,
and the diagonals that are perpendicular to one another?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Kite
Square
Rectangle
Rhombus
Parallelogram
24
SKT, IASD - International, NA
14.
A pizza with a diameter of 18 inches has a slice cut out with a central angle of 35°. What is the measure of the
arc angle, which is the crust of the pizza?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
21.
The position in feet of a sailboat can be modeled by the equation �(�) = 3� 2 + 4� for every second, t. What
is the average rate of change, in miles per hour, from t = 1 to t = 3? (Round to the nearest tenth)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
10
2,592
18
216
26
In how many ways can the four books; Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, and Calculus be arranged on a
bookshelf?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
6
8
12
24
64
Elizabeth has a horse trough in the shape of a rectangular prism. If the depth of the trough is 18 inches, the
width is 2 feet, and the length is 6 feet. What is the total volume in cubic feet of the trough?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
32.0
15.7
10.9
16.0
23.0
How many different outcomes are possible when flipping a standard coin (head, tail) and then rolling a
standard 6-sided die (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
18°
35°
45°
70°
90°
256
24
1
10
36
There are five different birds sitting on a telephone wire. In how many different ways can they be arranged?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25
120
15
3,125
75
25
SKT, IASD - International, NA
20.
What is the measure of one interior angle of a regular decagon?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
27.
An architect is drawing the blueprints for a house using a scale of 1 inch to 12 inches. How tall (in feet) is the
actual house if it is 20 inches tall in the drawing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
$4,445.16
$2,440.38
$5,436.56
$4,433.43
$3,600.00
The equation of line ℓ is y + 3 = 2 (x – 2). What is the slope of a line perpendicular to line ℓ?
a.

b.
–1
c.
d.
e.
31.
1,570
7,850
19,625
15,700
39,250
Jessica deposits $2,000.00 into an account earning 4% interest compounded quarterly. How much money
will Jessica have 20 years after the initial deposit?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
240
8
10
12
20
A water tower in the shape of a cylinder has a height of 50 feet and a radius of 10 feet. How many cubic feet
of water can the water tower hold, rounded to the nearest foot? (Use 3.14 for the value of  ).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
29.
180°
144°
150°
36°
72°
1
2
1
2
2
–2
The simple interest earned on an account that started with $100 after 5 years is $25. What is the simple
interest rate on this account?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.25%
0.05%
25%
5%
0.5%
26
SKT, IASD - International, NA
26.
Jack received $100.00 for his 10th birthday. If Jack wants to save his money and puts it into his savings
account that is earning 1.5% annual interest compounded monthly, how much will he have on his 35th
birthday?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
33.
The coordinates of the vertices of quadrilateral PQRS are (0, 0) (4, 4) (8, 4) and (4, 0). What is the most
precise name for quadrilateral PQRS?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
34.
rectangle
kite
square
rhombus
parallelogram
A clown’s hat is in the shape of a cone. How much material (rounded to the nearest tenth of a square inch) is
required to make the hat if the radius of the base is 6 inches and the height is 20 inches? The hat must have an
open base to fit on the clowns’ head. Use 3.14 for the value of ߨ.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35.
$145.09
$45.47
$4154.41
$145.47
$168.99
113.0
376.8
393.4
489.8
506.8
What is the volume, rounded to the nearest tenth of a cubic centimeter, of a tennis ball that has a diameter of
6.6 cm? Use 3.14 for the value of ߨ.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
150.5
136.8
112.8
1,203.6
3,610.9
27
SKT, IASD - International, NA
32.
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
__________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
ECONOMICS PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
1.
In an economy, the nominal GDP is $10,000 and the supply of money is $1,000. In this case, what is the
velocity of money?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
There are salmon and minnows in a lake. Fisherman Stacey is able to catch 7 salmon in an hour or 6 minnows
in an hour. Fisherman Joan, however, can only catch 5 salmon an hour or 3 minnows an hour. In this case,
Fisherman Stacey is said to have
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
an adequate aberration
an absolute advantage
a production possibility
an unequal advantage
a better work ethic
Shifts in the demand curve are caused by all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
10,000
1,000
9,000
10
1
technology
consumer income
prices of related goods
consumer expectations
consumer tastes
The country of Wifivia has $30 million in currency, $75 million in nonbank travelers checks, and $30 million
in checking deposits. Wifivia also has $50 million in credit card credit, $25 million in citizen savings
accounts, and $80 million in retail money funds. What is Wifivia’s total money stock?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
$5.145 billion
$290 million
$210 million
$240 million
$160 million
28
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
One of the earliest known theorists who discussed the principles of economics was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
6.
In the market model, when the price of a commodity is below the equilibrium price, there will be _________
of/for that commodity.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.
Elise
Casey
Kwajo
Vanka
Justin
According to economic estimates, approximately how many Africans are there for each government
administrator?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
0.5
0.25
0.6
0.45
1
Elise will pay $40 for a necklace. Casey will pay $55, Kwajo will pay $80, Vanka will pay $90, and Justin
will pay $70. If the hat costs $40, which potential buyer is the marginal buyer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
market collapse
excess demand
market balance
excess supply
equilibrium
If the price of a can of soda falls 25% and the daily demand for soda increases by 15%, then the price
elasticity of soda cans is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
Marcus Aurelius
Adam Smith
Aristotle
Jean Jacque Rousseau
Vegetius
32,000
28,000
16,000
38,000
19,000
Which of the following was the first African colony to become independent in 1957?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ghana
South Africa
Zaire
Zimbabwe
Tonga
29
SKT, IASD - International, NA
5.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates this monthly, by measuring the cost of purchasing
a market basket of goods and services intended to be representative of the consumption of a
typical consumer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
12.
Shifts in the supply curve can be caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
all buyers in the market
all sellers in the market
a special subset of buyers in the market
all buyers and sellers in the market
a specially subset of sellers in the market
All of the paper bills and coins in the hands of the public is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
demand line
demand trend
demand curve
demand estimate
demand variable
The price and quantity sold of any chosen commodity in a market economy is determined by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.
number of sellers in the market
changes in technology
number of buyers in the market
supplier expectations
the input prices
The line on a graph that estimates a demand schedule is called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
14.
Customer Purchasing Index
Client Price Increment
Customer Price Index
Consumer Penalty Increment
Consumer Price Index
spoils
currency
specie
cash
barters
If depositors begin to fear that they may not be able to withdraw their deposits, they will hurry to the bank to
get their deposits ahead of other depositors. This is called a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
inflation rush
quick run
reserve encounter
bank run
money sprint
30
SKT, IASD - International, NA
11.
This is the term that indicates using political influence to increase one’s economic profits at the expense of
others.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
18.
If buyers want to purchase 8,000 gallons of gasoline at $2.00 per gallon but suppliers want to sell 9,000
gallons at $2.00 per gallon, this state is referred to as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
$70,000
$7,000
$700
$70
$7
This medieval African kingdom experienced significant economic prosperity due in large part to the gold
trade.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
3
4
5
6
7
If a country has a population of 100 million and that country’s GDP is $7 billion per year,
what is that country’s GDP per capita?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21.
equal demand
excess supply
unfulfilled demand
excess demand
equilibrium state
According to Okun’s Law, if cyclical unemployment increased from 1% to 2%, then the output gap would
rise from 2% to ___%.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.
recession
pork barrel politics
gerrymandering
rent seeking
tragedy of the commons
the Kingdom of Egypt
the Kingdom of the Sahara
the Kingdom of Mali
the Kingdom of Senusi
the Kingdom of the Kongo
According to modern historical estimates, what was the volume of the African slave trade?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4 million people
6 million people
8 million people
10 million people
12 million people
31
SKT, IASD - International, NA
17.
This was developed with the intention of capturing the ability of people in a given country “to lead a long
and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of
living.”
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
24.
An oligopoly is a market involving
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
$25,000
$2,000
$4,000
$200
$1,000
In an economy where ten people produce $100 worth of goods and services, which situation is NOT Pareto
efficient?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
symmetry
balance
equity
equilibrium
balance
If an economy’s total output is $200 million per year and that economy has 100,000 workers, what is that
economy’s average labor productivity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27.
a single seller
only one consumer
only a few sellers
multiple consumers
a market with a nearly infinite number of sellers
There is only one point where the supply and demand curves will intersect. This is the point at which the
market is at
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
Human Expenditure Index
Consumer Price Index
Personal Capacity Index
Individual Expenditure Index
Human Development Index
Each citizen receives $9 in benefits.
One citizen receives $99.10 in benefits and the rest receive $0.10 each.
Every citizen receives $10 in benefits.
Four citizens receive $20 in benefits, two citizens receive $5 in benefits, and the rest receive $2.50.
One citizen receives $91 in benefits and the rest receive $1 each.
Which of the following is considered the central topic of microeconomics?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
highs and lows
cause and effect
supply and demand
ups and downs
gain and loss
32
SKT, IASD - International, NA
23.
For most goods, also called normal goods, when income _____, the quantity demanded ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
30.
When exports exceed imports, economists say that the country is running a trade _____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
unemployment
GDP per capita
per capita income
CPI
GDP
Michael will pay $40 for a ticket to a football game. Anja will pay $60 for that ticket, and Lindsey will pay
$120. If the price of the ticket is $40, what is the total consumer surplus Michael, Anja and Lindsey receive?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
34.
business cycle
business rotation
business oscillation
business institution
business plan
Despite two decades of economic growth since the late 1990s, the levels of this statistic are only now
returning to levels reached 50 years ago.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33.
deficit
shortfall
margin
bonus
surplus
The recurrent alternation of expansions and recessions in an economy is referred to as the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
32.
rises, stays the same
rises, falls
stays the same, falls
falls, falls
falls, rises
$120
$100
$40
$220
$180
When graphing a buyer’s willingness to pay for a good, the total area below the demand curve and above the
market price measures
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
consumer surplus
producer availability
consumer excess
producer surplus
consumer equilibrium
33
SKT, IASD - International, NA
29.
Given any particular outcome, economists would say that it was _______ efficient if there is no way to
improve at least one person’s well-being without reducing the well-being of someone else.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
36.
GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is the measure of the total quantity of goods and services produced in a
country’s economy, adjusted to remove the effects of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
37.
supply
excess
elasticity
addition
augmentation
Over time, people will buy more fuel-efficient cars, move closer to their jobs, and make other changes that
will allow them to more significantly reduce their demand. This adjustment taking time is referred to as the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
40.
land
labor
capital
both land and labor
land, labor, and capital
Price _____ of demand measures how much the quantity demanded responds to a change in price.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
39.
imported goods
global disruption of trade
environmental changes
unemployment
inflation
According to some economists, the presence or absence of which factor(s) of production influence relative
prices, and therefore the structure of both economic and political institutions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
38.
Keynes
Pareto
Smith
Preston
Rousseau
time distance
time elasticity
time span
time horizon
time drift
Domestic residents of a country purchase foreign capital or financial assets totaling $6 million while
foreigners purchase $4 million in domestic assets. Given this state, what is the net capital outflow of that
country?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
$24 million
$2 million
$6 million
$4 million
$10 million
34
SKT, IASD - International, NA
35.
The purchasing of Rockefeller Center by Mitsubishi in 1989 is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
42.
This type of economics uses the tools of economic analysis to describe and explain economic phenomena and
to make predictions about what will happen under particular circumstances.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
$22,750
$325
$24,000
$1,250
$25,250
The topsoil in Africa, particularly in West Africa, limited opportunities for the _________ of agricultural
production.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
46.
decline, stagnation
growth, stagnation
decline, reduction
increase, reduction
decline, increase
If an economy sells 50 coats at $25 per coat and 80 computers at $300 per computer, the GDP of that
economy is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
45.
normative economics
consumptive economics
efficiency economics
positive economics
predictive economics
We say goods are substitutes when a _______ in the price of one good causes a ______ in the quantity
demanded of another.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
financial coordination
foreign proxy purchasing
net capital outflow
foreign direct investment
portfolio investment
intensification
marginalization
augmentation
variability
proliferation
Around 1500CE, which region had the GREATEST population density?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
sub-Saharan Africa
Central and South America
North America
Western Europe
China
35
SKT, IASD - International, NA
41.
In a situation of unit elastic demand, elasticity equals
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
48.
The tendency of government deficits to reduce private investment is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
crowding out
peripherizing
marginalizing
peripheral margins
boxing out
Which of the following was NOT a major trade route for the African slave exports between 1500 and 1800?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
0
less than 1
1
greater than 1
infinity
the Atlantic
East Africa
the Sahara
the Red Sea
South Africa
A family has to decide how much of its income they spend on food, clothing, and vacation travel. This is an
example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
balancing
shortages
rarity
scarcity
comparatives
36
SKT, IASD - International, NA
47.
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
__________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
LITERATURE PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Questions #1-7 are based on the following passage, “The Revolt Against God” from The Fang people (Gabon).
At the beginning of Things, when there was nothing, neither man, nor animals, nor plants, nor heaven, nor
earth, nothing, nothing, God was and he was called Nzame. The three who are Nzame, we call them Nzame, Mebere,
and Nkwa. At the beginning Nzame made the heaven and the earth and he reserved the heaven for himself. Then he
blew onto the earth and earth and water were created, each on its side.
Nzame made everything: heaven, earth, sun, moon, stars, animals, plants; everything. When he had finished
everything that we see today, he called Mebere and Nkwa and showed them his work.
‘This is my work. Is it good?’ They replied, ‘Yes, you have done well.’ ‘Does anything remain to be done?’
Mebere and Nkwa answered him, ‘We see many animals, but we do not see their chief; we see many plants, but we do
not see their master.’
As masters for all these things, they appointed the elephant, because he had wisdom; the leopard, because he
had power and cunning; and the monkey, because he had malice and suppleness.
But Nzame wanted to do even better; and between them he, Mebere, and Nkwa created a being almost like
themselves. One gave him force, the second sway, and the third beauty. Then the three of them said: ‘Take the earth.
You are henceforth the master of all that exists. Like us you have life, all things belong to you, you are the master.’
Nzame, Mebere, and Nkwa returned to the heights to their dwelling place, and the new creature remained
below alone, and everything obeyed him. But among all the animals the elephant remained the first, the leopard the
second, and the monkey the third, because it was they whom Mebere and Nkwa had first chosen. Nzame, Mebere, and
Nkwa called the first man Fam—which means power.
Proud of his sway, his power, and his beauty, because he surpassed in these three qualities the elephant, the
leopard, and the monkey, proud of being able to defeat all the animals, this first man grew wicked; he became
arrogant, and did not want to worship Nzame again: and he scorned him.
...
Furious, God called Nzalan, the thunder. “Nzalan, come!’ Nzalan came running with great noise: boom,
boom, boom! The fire of heaven fell on the forest. The plantations burnt like vast torches. Foo, foo, foo!—everything
in flames. The earth was then, as today, covered with forests. The trees burnt; the plants, the bananas, the cassava,
even the pistachio nuts, everything dried up; animals, birds, fishes, all were destroyed, everything was dead. But when
God had created the first man, he told him, ‘You will never die.’ And what God gives he does not take away. The first
man was burnt, but none knows what became of him. He is alive, yes, but where?
But God looked at the earth, all black, without anything, and idle; he felt ashamed and wanted to do better.
Nzame, Mebere, and Nkwa took counsel and they did as follows: over the black earth covered with coal they put a
new layer of earth; a tree grew, grew bigger and bigger and when one of its seeds fell down a new tree was born, when
a leaf severed itself it grew and grew and began to walk. It was an animal, an elephant, a leopard, an antelope, a
tortoise—all of them. When a leaf fell into the water it swam, it was a fish, a sardine, a crab, an oyster—all of them.
The earth became again what it had been, and what it still is today. The proof that this is the truth is this: when one
digs up the earth in certain places, one finds a hard black stone which breaks; throw it in the fire and it burns.
37
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
The narrative style of this passage is BEST described as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
2.
This piece is BEST described as what type of myth?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
ignorance
hubris
curiosity
power
self-doubt
The use of phrases like “boom, boom, boom” and “foo, foo, foo” are BEST described as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
simile
metaphor
cliché
hyperbole
idiom
The downfall of Fam is BEST described as coming from excessive
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
trickster
creation
Greek
hero
Biblical
“The plantations burnt like vast torches” contains an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
stream of consciousness
first person point of view
omniscient point of view
soliloquy
call and response
simile
metaphor
onomatopoeia
dialect
hyperbole
The story of the destruction of the earth by fire is MOST similar to the story of which of the following
Biblical characters?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Noah
Jesus
Moses
Ruth
Judas
38
SKT, IASD - International, NA
1.
7.
All of the following values are represented in this myth EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
sacredness of an oath
retribution
power
prophecy
respect for the gods
Questions #8-27 are based on Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe.
The title for Things Fall Apart comes from a poem from which writer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Okonkwo gained fame in the villages as a young man because of what achievement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
a town gossip
a gong
an ancestor
a doctor
a religious official
Which is NOT an indication of Okonkwo’s prosperity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
lazy and improvident
incapable of thinking of tomorrow
a debtor
industrious
musical
What is an ogene?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.
He grew the most yams.
He was the most handsome in the village.
He received a university education.
He had a father who was a village elder.
He won an important wrestling match.
Unoka is described as all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.
George Gordon Byron
T.S. Eliot
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
W.B. Yeats
He had a large compound surrounded by a thick wall.
Each of his wives had her own hut.
He owned a large barn full of yams.
He had spare time to visit with neighbors and listen to music.
His compound included a shrine with wooden symbols of his personal god.
What harmed Okonkwo’s crop of seed-yams that he borrowed from Nwakibie?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
locusts
blight
drought
snails
worms
39
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
8.
What punishment did Okonkwo receive for breaking the Week of Peace?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
15.
Okonkwo told his sons masculine stories marked by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
Do not gossip.
Have courage.
Do not judge others.
Do not be greedy.
Be tolerant of differences.
When Okonkwo arrives at the Oracle of the Hills and Caves, Ekwefi is reminded of an event from when she
was younger. What does she think of?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.
Nwoye
Ikemefuna
Ezinma
Ekwefi
Akunna
What moral does the fable of the tortoise and the birds explain?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
Obierika
Nwoye
Ezinma.
Nwakibie
The District Commissioner
Who was thought to be an ogbanje child?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18.
proverbs explaining how to grow yams
animals acting as humans
spirits interacting with humans
violence and bloodshed
songs and physical movement
Which character in the novel seems to offer Okonkwo a different view of what it is to be masculine when
they discuss the involvement of the men of the village with Ikemefuna’s death?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.
He was temporarily banished from the village.
He was beaten with the staff of the earth goddess.
He was not allowed to eat yams from the new harvest.
He was required to bring a goat, hen, cloth, and cowries to the shrine of Ani.
He was forbidden from asking for Ani’s blessing upon his crops.
Ezinma’s birth
running away to become Okonkwo’s wife
the first wrestling match Okonkwo was too old to participate in
her mother bringing her to the Oracle as a child
preparing yams for the Feast of the New Yam festival
Who was killed when Okonkwo’s gun exploded?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Nwoye
one of Okonkwo’s sons
one of Obierika’s sons
one of Ezeudu’s sons
Ojiugo
40
SKT, IASD - International, NA
14.
The Oracle of Abame compared white men to what creature as it warned the villagers of the future?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
22.
How did the men of Mbanta react when the missionaries told the clansmen that their gods were harmless?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
marry a man from Mbanta
visit people in Umuofia
sing and dance in public
celebrate the festivals of Mbanta
pray to the gods
Why was Mr. Brown respected by the clan?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27.
a fish
a frog
a python
a crocodile
a hippopotamus
While living in Mbanta, what did Okonkwo ask Ezinma and Obiageli NOT to do?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
Obierika
Chielo
Unoka
Ojiugo
Uchendu
One of the osu converts killed a sacred animal representing the god of water. What was this animal?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
laughed joyously
laughed derisively
became immediately fearful
wept openly
did nothing
Who insisted that Okonkwo stop beating Nwoye when he learned that his son had gone to the missionaries’
church?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
wolves
dogs
leopards
hyenas
locusts
He encouraged people to make prudent decisions.
He was zealous and fervent in his religious beliefs.
He was white, and the clansmen respected white men.
He had killed a man who had attacked him.
He had married a woman from a neighboring clan.
What caused the Mother of Spirits to walk through the clan, making a “strange and fearful sound”?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A sacred animal had been killed.
Ezinma was killed.
Enoch removed the mask of an egwugwu.
The District Commissioner jailed several men of title.
The yam harvest was ruined in a drought.
41
SKT, IASD - International, NA
21.
Questions #28-50 are based on the shorter works and their respective authors.
When did African nations first begin to gain independence from their European colonizers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
29.
Who is credited with creating the term “neocolonialism”?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
d.
e.
They are in search of jobs in the urban centers.
They must live in rural areas during the harvest season.
They are required to spend some time in each location in order to develop modern customs and keep
traditional customs in practice.
They move to cities to be able to take part in the political election process.
They continue migration habits that began out of necessity during colonial times.
What was formed in South Africa in 1912 in response to the growing marginalization of black South
Africans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33.
assumes there are ongoing effects of colonialization
seeks to grant the colonized agency
is a theoretical and academic practice
is a political movement
demands the redress of colonial wrongs
Why do many Africans migrate from rural communities to urban centers each year?
a.
b.
c.
32.
Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of the newly independent Ghana
Simon Gikandi, Kenyan professor and postcolonial scholar
Chinua Achebe
Winston Churchill
Harry S. Truman
All of the following are true of postcolonialism EXCEPT that it
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
in the early 1800s
after World War I
after World War II
in the early 1980s
in the early 2000s
The Group Areas Commission
The African National Congress
The South African Population Group
The Anti-Colonial Committee
The South African Tribunal
In the opening of his work “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness,” how does Achebe
depict the encounters with the young man from high school and the older man on the campus of the
University of Massachusetts?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
incidental encounters that lead to significant conclusions
significant moments in the development of each of these men’s lives
confusing experiences that lead to self-reflection
exciting meetings that lead to inspiration
chance encounters that would be impossible to duplicate
42
SKT, IASD - International, NA
28.
In his analysis of Conrad’s comparison between the Thames and the Congo, Achebe utilizes what literary
device?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
35.
Achebe argues that the most revealing passages in Heart of Darkness are about
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
36.
exalting Africans
animalizing all Asian cultures
honoring native peoples
improving colonial depictions of Africa
dehumanizing Africans
Adichie argues that the “single story” about Africans depicts them as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
39.
Conrad does not hint at an alternate understanding of Africa
Conrad seems to approve of Marlow with only minor reservations
the careers of Conrad and Marlow are too similar
Marlow is portrayed as witnessing truth and advanced and humane views
by the time Conrad was writing, a more culturally sensitive understanding of Africa, and other
cultures in general, had already taken hold
Achebe sees Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
38.
nature
people
weather
urban areas
rural areas
Achebe argues that Conrad does not present an ironic depiction of Africa in Heart of Darkness. To
support this claim, Achebe offers all of the following rationales EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
37.
personification
anachronism
flashback
humor
parody
tall, dark, and mysterious
poor, starving, and vulnerable
polytheist, conservative, and intractable
courageous, ignorant, and heathen
impoverished, manipulative, and untrustworthy
In “The Return” prior to walking down the road, Kamau had been
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
in the city
visiting his family
in detention camps
somewhere in Europe
planting crops
43
SKT, IASD - International, NA
34.
Who was not at his home that Kamau expected upon his return?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
41.
What question ends “The Return”?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
42.
Accra
Tamale
Teshie
Dome
Cape Coast
Why was young Esi Amfoa in the hospital?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
46.
Christian religious leaders
community social organizers
education reformers
new leaders of the African nations
reformed leaders of traditional African religions
In “The Message,” where is Maami Amfoa going?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
45.
1906-1922
1918-1934
1944-1962
1954-1997
1979-1998
In Aiyejina’s poem, “the new crop of saviours, armed with party programmes,” MOST likely refers to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
Why should all the changes have waited for my return?
Where has my wife gone?
Should I drown myself in the river?
How can I seek vengeance on Karanja?
Where are my brothers?
When did Kenyans struggle for independence? From
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
his father
his wife
his mother
his brother
his children
She had a caesarean section.
She had been cut in an attack.
She worked in the hospital.
She was visiting her daughter.
She had just been born.
Why does Maami Amfoa call the village women witches?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The women have always been cruel to Maami Amfoa.
Maami Amfoa believes the women’s powers could help heal her granddaughter.
It is the custom of the village to refer to other women this way.
Maami Amfoa believes that what happened to her granddaughter is “unnatural” and is attempting to
explain it with witchcraft.
The village women practice medicine, and the colloquial term for a doctor in the village is “witch.”
44
SKT, IASD - International, NA
40.
In the story “The Message,” which character represents hybridity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
48.
“To Whom It May Concern” is BEST characterized as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
parable
resistance literature
sonnet
ballad
kenning
In “Comrades,” how did the young men enter Mrs. Telford’s house?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
Maami Amfoa
the village women
the man on the bus
the lorry driver
the nurse at the hospital
through the front door
first through the guest house
through the garage
in a side door through the living room
through the kitchen entrance
In “Comrades,” why is Mrs. Telford unable to speak to all of the young men?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
She is too nervous to speak to them.
Not all of the young men come inside of the house.
The leader of the group does not seem to allow it.
Not all of the young men speak English.
She finds some of them offensive, and she cannot bring herself to speak to them.
45
SKT, IASD - International, NA
47.
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
____________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
SCIENCE PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
____________________________________________________________________________
1.
In the absence of treatment, AIDS takes an average of how many years to develop?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
An example of preventing malaria through treatment is ________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
human
soil
water
animal
bacterial
Which of the following people first identified the microbe that causes malaria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
targeted mass drug administration
larval control
indoor residual spraying
insecticide-treated mosquito nets
source reduction
Zoonotic diseases use a(n) _________ reservoir.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
six
eight
ten
twelve
fourteen
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
Ronald Ross
Giovanni Batista
W.C. Gorgas
Carl Linnaeus
In order to combat a virus, a treatment would be MOST effective by disrupting a virion’s ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
nucleic acid, capsid, and/or envelope
nucleic acid, plasma membrane, and/or nucleus
cytoplasm, ribosomes, and/or nucleic acid
nucleic acid, capsid, and/or ribosomes
capsid, envelope, and/or nucleus
46
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
Which of the following individuals was the first to propose that disease was not due to supernatural causes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
7.
The time between infection with Ebola to death or recovery typically takes ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
a person of French descent
a person of Japanese descent
a person of Nigerian descent
a person of Native American descent
a person of South African descent
Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to become gravely ill from malaria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.
person, place, time
species, place, time
person, species, place
reservoir, place, species
reservoir, species, time
Which of the following individuals would be MOST likely to have a mutation in the CCR5 gene, thereby
preventing them from being infected by the HIV virus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
3-7 days
10-19 days
20-30 days
1 to 3 months
3-6 months
In the second stage of an Ebola outbreak, a case definition is developed. A case definition includes
___________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Louis Pasteur
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Robert Koch
Sir Alexander Fleming
Hippocrates
a healthy adult from the United States migrating through southeast Asia
an adult with a low HIV viral load who resides in Australia
a healthy west African child who carries one copy of the sickle cell gene mutation
a healthy European child migrating through west Africa
an adult with AIDS who resides in northern Alaska
A treatment for minimizing the harmful effects of Ebola may MOST likely function by
_____________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
mimicking interferon function
inhibiting T lymphocyte responses
inhibiting B lymphocyte responses
inhibiting macrophage responses
stimulating inflammatory responses
47
SKT, IASD - International, NA
6.
Infectious diseases can be spread from person to person and are therefore known as ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
13.
Ebola is a type of _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
14.
men have a longer life expectancy than women
the life expectancy is shorter as compared to the life expectancy in low-income countries
the most common cause of death is noncommunicable diseases
the most common cause of death is communicable diseases
mean life expectancy for men and women is sixty and sixty-three years, respectively
Which of the following types of contact would be MOST likely to result in transmission of the HIV virus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.
enhancing the responsiveness of macrophages to new infections
enhancing the efficacy of the inflammatory response
generating a supply of “memory” T- and B-lymphocytes
stimulating the production of interferon
directly killing the infectious agent
In high-income countries, ____________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
bacteria
prion
virus
fungus
eukaryote cell
Vaccines work by _______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.
chronic
noncommunicable
communicable
chronic diseases
fatal
an intravenous drug user that does not reuse or share needles
a person who gets saliva from an HIV-positive individual in a cut
a man who has unprotected sex with an HIV-positive woman
a woman who has unprotected sex with an HIV-positive man
a person receiving a blood transfusion in the year 2015
The ability of vaccinations to prevent the spread of disease in unvaccinated individuals because the pathogen
is not able to effectively spread due to a high number of vaccinated individuals is known as
________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
adaptive immunity
secondary immunity
herd immunity
indirect immunity
immunity by association
48
SKT, IASD - International, NA
12.
Which of the following is the study of the changes within an organ or within an individual that accompany a
certain disease?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
19.
To reduce the number of new HIV infections among newborn children, the LEAST effective intervention
would be __________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.
dry and hot
dry and cold
warm and dry
cold and wet
warm and wet
An infection transmitted via airborne transmission would MOST likely infect cells of the ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
pandemic
epidemic
totidemic
outbreak
endemic
A person would be MOST likely to contract malaria in a climate that is _________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
creating a free needle exchange
increasing the availability of male and female condoms
ART therapy for mothers and newborns
increasing HIV-screening
increasing the stigmatization of homosexuals, premarital intercourse, intravenous drug use, etc.
A surge in the rate of new Ebola cases occurs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, several
tourists get infected and bring the infection back with them to their countries of origin, at which point the rate
of new Ebola cases also rises in their respective countries. The aforementioned scenario is MOST accurately
described as a(n) _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21.
physiology
pathophysiology
microbiology
cell biology
molecular biology
urinary tract
respiratory tract
musculoskeletal system
digestive tract
integumentary system
Which of the following individuals would be MOST likely to have a mutation that conferred resistance to
malaria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a person born in France
a person born in Japan
a person born in Nigeria
a person born in Brazil
a person born in Mexico
49
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18.
Dr. Grethe Rask was killed by an opportunistic infection that arose due to _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
25.
Ebola infection can be confirmed by/using _________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
26.
fusion
reverse transcription
integration
assembly
binding
Approximately _______________ people are living with HIV in the United States.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
1976
1995
2000
2004
2013
The CCR5-delta 32 mutation interferes with which stage of the HIV life cycle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
29.
virulence
pathogenicity
infectivity
susceptibility
infectibility
The largest Ebola outbreak in history began in ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
screening an individual’s early onset symptoms
examining an individual’s family history
electron microscopy
examining an individual’s hair follicles
looking at an individual’s recent travel history
The ability for a microbe to induce disease is called ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27.
AIDS
pneumocystis pneumonia
Kaposi’s sarcoma
malaria
Ebola
900,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,800,000
2,100,000
The most impressive achievement by Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), and arguably by any health
agency in the twentieth century, was the ____________ eradication campaign of the 1960s and 1970s.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
bubonic plague
smallpox
polio
measles
typhoid
50
SKT, IASD - International, NA
24.
Malaria is caused by the Protozoan parasite known as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
32.
Early outbreaks of Ebola were treated using which of the following treatments?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33.
central nervous system
heart
liver
kidneys
bones
Transcription is the process by which
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
37.
1920
1945
1959
1977
1984
The Ebola virus is capable of “hiding out” in places such as the ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
36.
the liver stage
the mosquito gut stage
the blood stage
both the liver stage and blood stage
both the mosquito stage and blood stage
The earliest known sample of HIV was collected in which year?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35.
vaccines
antibiotics
antiparasitics
antifungals
quarantine
For malaria, gametes are present in __________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
34.
Entamoeba
Giardia
Balantidium
Leishmania
Plasmodium
DNA is copied to create mRNA
DNA is copied to create DNA
RNA is copied to create DNA
RNA is copied to create protein
RNA is copied to create RNA
Diagnosing malaria in low-income settings is difficult because ___________________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
malaria is commonly asymptomatic
malaria constantly mutates and therefore cannot be detected using PCR
malaria is not able to be detected even with advanced lab equipment
there are no highly accurate rapid tests widely available to diagnose malaria
the cause of malaria is unknown
51
SKT, IASD - International, NA
31.
The use of an antibiotic to treat a viral infection is NOT generally an effective treatment because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
39.
Like HIV, malaria can be transmitted through all of the following routes EXCEPT which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
40.
white blood cell
macrophage
T-lymphocyte
B-lymphocyte
cytokine
Malarial vaccines are NOT a primary method of malaria reduction because ____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
Karposi’s sarcoma
malaria
smallpox
Ebola
Bubonic plague
Interferons are a type of __________ that prevent viral replication, among other functions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
the latent period is longer than the incubation period
the incubation period is longer than the latent period
the latent period and incubation period are equal length
the period of communicability is longer than the latent period
the period of communicability is shorter than the latent period
Which of the following is an opportunistic infection that used to be MOST common among individuals with
HIV/AIDS?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
42.
blood transfusion from a person infected with malaria
unprotected sex with a partner infected with malaria
sharing needles with a person infected with malaria
from a mother with a malaria infection to her child during birth
an organ transplant from a person infected with malaria
A person is infected with a newly discovered virus, and subsequently transmits that virus to another person
before becoming symptomatic. In this scenario, ___________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
41.
many viruses have developed antibiotic resistance
antibiotics are costly and therefore not widely available
antibiotic treatments do not treat viral infections
a singular antibiotic is not effective against all types of viral infections
antibiotics are used to bolster the immune system before infection
the infection is prone to frequent mutation that renders vaccines ineffective
there are no commercially available vaccines for malaria
vaccines are not capable of preventing malaria
malaria vaccines are expensive
all malaria vaccines tested thus far result in a high mortality rate
An effective treatment against Ebola could possibly be to _______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
inhibit reverse transcriptase
inhibit the Ebola glycoprotein
inhibit integrase
stimulate the Ebola L protein
inhibit Ebola mitochondria
52
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38.
Which of the following BEST describes the type of cells HIV targets?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
46.
A future treatment for preventing the proliferation of Ebola in the host could MOST likely be achieved by
__________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
47.
Sudan, and Nigerian
Moroccan, and Nigerian
Sudan, and Reston
Reston, and Nigerian
Moroccan, and Reston
Which class of drugs directly blocks the ability of the HIV virus to integrate into the host’s genome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
progresses faster than HIV-1
progresses slower than HIV-1
can be further characterized into different strains
is more predominant than HIV-1
is a type of adenovirus
The five species of Ebola include Zaire, Bundibugyo, Taï Forest ________________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
stimulating macropinocytosis
inhibiting the interaction of the Ebola glycoprotein with host cell receptors
enhancing function of the L protein
stimulating cellular translational machinery
genetically modifying mosquito populations
HIV-2 _______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
48.
T-lymphocytes
macrophages
CXCR4-containing cells
CCR-5-containing cells
CD4-containing cells
PIs
NRTIs
NNRTIs
INSTIs
INNSRTs
A drug interfering with the motile stage of Plasmodium effects ________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
schizonts
merozoites
gametocytes
sporozoites
zygotes
53
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45.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
SOCIAL SCIENCE PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1.
Africa is often referred to as the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
Generally, the weather that affects African climates more than any other factor is the amount of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
rain
sun
snow
wind
hail
Scholars have concluded that the expansion and contraction of the Sahara Desert over time led Africans to
address the problems of increasingly dense populations in all of the following ways EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
Father Continent of humanity
Founding Continent of humanity
Mother Continent of humanity
First Continent of humanity
Pangea of humanity
innovations in food production
increasing the amount of tribal wars fought
new forms of irrigation
migratory movements
formation of centralized states along the Nile and Niger Rivers
The main reason why Africans historically relied on food they produced in their local region rather than
importing it from far away was because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
it was expensive to transport goods across vast traverses of the continent
it was impossible to preserve the food for long journeys and it would spoil before arriving
there was little interaction so local tribes did not realize what other Africans had to offer
it was dangerous to transport goods over long distances due to robbers and bandits
the risk of the cargo sinking in the Nile and Niger Rivers was too high
54
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
The German author of Philosophy of History that served as a source of Western fantasies about Africa was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
6.
The religious group largely responsible for the foundation of racism that is so widespread toward Africa
today were the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.
the geographic center of Pangea was Africa before the continents broke apart
San of Namibia were the likely source of all women
the origin of humans was in Asia and they migrated out from there
the earliest Homo sapiens were in Africa by about 20,000 years ago
Darwin’s theory of evolution was true
All of the following were factors that enter into human decisions about how to obtain food EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.
9 million years old
8 million years old
7 million years old
6 million years old
5 million years old
Rebecca Cann, Mark Stoneking, and Allan Wilson gained fame by determining
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Roman Catholics
Jews
Puritans
Anabaptists
Calvinists
Early hominid fossil records found in Africa are as old as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
Adolf Hitler
Hugh Trevor-Roper
Charles Darwin
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Augustine of Hippo
housing conditions
climate
level of technology
effort required
available alternatives
The Greek historian who offered valuable insights about Africans in the Nile region’s diets was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ptolemy
Herodotus
Darwin
Aristotle
Phidippides
55
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5.
According to the historian Herodotus, one way early Nile dwellers demonstrated their social standing was
through
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
12.
According to the historian Herodotus, Nile dwellers had access to all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
buildings
art
education
religious organizations
government
The Nile Valley has
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.
fish
beans
goose
honey
milk
Egyptian farmers were so successful in the ancient world that they were able to support large populations
and produce surpluses that funded all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
14.
a crest over the main doorway of their house
the number of outfits they had
the amount of servants they could afford
a silo of food stored for years of famine
their choice of food
3 distinct regions: Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and Namibia
2 distinct regions: Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt
3 distinct regions: Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and Nubia
2 distinct regions: Eastern Egypt and Western Egypt
3 distinct regions: Lower Egypt, Middle Egypt, and Upper Egypt
Egypt’s first centralized government was called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Pharaoh's Kingdom
Old Kingdom
New Kingdom
Memphis
Middle Kingdom
56
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11.
The Old Kingdom was characterized by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
17.
The original purpose of the pyramids was to be a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18.
largely, concentrated cities
access to Atlantic seacoasts
major rivers and adequate rainfall
villages to raid for the transatlantic slave trade
strong central governments like in Egypt
The conveyance of traditional African religion is usually through
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.
vault for the pharaoh’s fortune
military lookout
demonstration of the vast territory under a pharaoh’s control
holding silo for grain in reserve for famine years
tomb for the pharaoh
When large states formed in West Africa, they were based on the control of revenue from long-distance
trade due to the absence of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
strong pharaohs who exerted control over the peasants and used local nobles to transmit their
orders from the capital
the expansion of the priesthood and frequent minor uprisings at the peasant level
the idea that Egyptians could influence their afterlives and the Book of the Dead appearing
the expansion of the military who used its power to control every aspect of the peasants’ lives
the destruction of the pyramids by revolting peasants
formal masses led by a priest in front of a large congregation
a combination of sacred scriptures and missionaries
physical rituals which involved blessings and offerings in multiple languages
participation in communal rituals often accompanied by drums
sweat ceremonies and fasting rituals to invoke spirits from the afterlife
“Throwing the cowries” is a form of divination, which is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a form of communicating with the spirit world of deities and ancestors
paying homage to ancestors that have already passed to the afterlife
a preparation soldiers used for invoking blessings before going into battle
using art to convey a religious message
asserting dominance after a successful battle by enslaving the captured rivals
57
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16.
Traditional African religion believes a person who has passed is considered “living departed” and only
becomes completely dead when
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
22.
All of the following are true of Muhammad ibn Abdallah EXCEPT he
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
whether Mohammed was the true messenger of Allah
who was qualified to be the caliph
where the Holy Land should be for true Muslims
whether the Qur’an should include books from the Old and New Testament
whether slavery should be allowed within the Muslim empire
The overall belief of the Sunnis was that the caliph
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
was around twenty years old when he received his first revelations
was the founder of Islam which is one of the three great monotheistic religions attributed to the
patriarch Abraham
was from a prestigious clan
was illiterate for his entire life
ended the practices of female infanticide and a man marrying as many women as he pleased
The split of the Muslims into the Sunnis and Shias was mainly over
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.
more than 10 years has passed since his or her death
their children have all passed
sufficient offerings have been made at his or her tomb
their widowed spouse remarries
the last person who knew him or her also dies
had to be a direct descendent of Ali and Mohammad’s daughter Fatimah
needed to prove he was in direct conversation with Allah before being able to lead the faith
could be any rightly guided Muslim
must live in Mecca
should surround himself with spiritual leaders called Ayatollahs for spiritual guidance
All of the following are true of Nana Asma’u EXCEPT she
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
was very well educated and had memorized the Qur’an
was a poet and author who spoke four languages
was well travelled and incorporated many of the things she encountered in her travels into her
teachings and writings
lived a humble and simple life much like her father
educated mainly women and advised them on how to live during wartime
58
SKT, IASD - International, NA
21.
Usman dan Fodiyo, also called the Shehu, had created by the time he died the Sokoto Caliphate which
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
27.
Islam spread into East Africa mainly by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
Catholics
Greek Orthodox
Jews
Protestants
Russian Orthodox
The turning point that dramatically changed the African slave trade was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
had the biggest cargo area out of any contemporary ships
was equipped with 3 masts which allowed it to travel faster than most other ships
took advantage of ocean currents and the seasonal monsoons
was so small and swift it could avoid being engaged in attacks or taken over by pirates
was equipped to transport millions of slaves with the least amount of casualties
Orthodox Christians who follow the Nicene Creed include all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30.
violence as war victims were forced to convert or risk death
peaceful means through the actions of traders
educated missionaries who establishes mosques to teach the Qur’an
force as slave traders invaded the region looking for captives
African traders who had travelled to Europe and were exposed to the religion
The dhow was useful because it
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
29.
reinforced traditional women’s roles in the home and discouraged their education
emphasized material possessions to demonstrate status
constantly prepared for war against rival Muslim groups throughout Africa
dissociated the importance of a pilgrimage to Mecca with being a good Muslim
attempted to imitate Mohammad’s early community at Medina
the introduction of Christianity to the continent
the introduction of Islam to the continent
the arrival of Columbus in the New World
Europeans decided to colonize port cities of Africa
slave ships became bigger, cheaper and easier to maneuver
European slave traders were able to put pressure on the African counterparts to accelerate the traffic in
humans with improved technology with
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
germ warfare
slave ships
communication devices like the telegraph
guns
cannons
59
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26.
Slaves were put into the market in all of the following ways EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
33.
The slave ship Sáo Joáo Bautista was significant because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
34.
Portuguese on the Canary Islands
Portuguese in Madeira
Portuguese in West Africa
Spanish on the Canary Islands
Spanish in Madeira
By the turn of the twentieth century, Europeans had colonized all parts of Africa with the exception of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
36.
it sank while crossing the Middle Passage and all lives on board perished
there was an uprising similar to the Amistad but without as much notoriety
20 Africans debarked from at Port Comfort, Virginia
it was the last slave ship to deposit cargo in Brazil before the slave trade was abolished
its captain decided to free the cargo rather than delivering it to Mexico
The first sugar plantation in the Atlantic World was founded by the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35.
being sold by their relatives to settle grievances
as punishment for crimes to compensate society
as captives after war fought to settle political differences
being kidnapped and sold
willfully entering yourself to settle a personal debt
Niger and Nigeria
Ghana and the Congo region
Sierra Leone and Algeria
Egypt and Ethiopia
Ethiopia and Liberia
All of the following countries attended the Berlin Conference EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Germany
Great Britain
Belgium
Poland
Turkey
60
SKT, IASD - International, NA
32.
Frederick Lugard established the goal of the Dual Mandate, which strove to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
e.
38.
The act that led the Asante to view the British as intruders and resulted in war was the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
39.
five Anglo-Asante Wars
four Anglo-Asante Wars
three Anglo-Asante Wars
five British-Asante Wars
four British-Asante Wars
A common way Europeans dealt with strikes and revolts of Africans during WWI was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
41.
assassination of Asante leader Dammel Lat Joor Joop
assassination of the British leader Sir Charles McCarthy
destruction of the slave castle Elmina in 1873
continued British presence after the abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade
British occupation of Kumasi
The result of the British and Asante rivalries, which began after the beheading of the British commander
Sir Charles McCarthy, was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
40.
rule efficiently for economic benefit of the mother country, and also uplift the African
population with British civilization and material advancement
expand territory both in its African colonies and back home in Europe
invest in the railroad to accelerate the movement of slaves in Africa, and also invest in slave ships
to help them reduce the number of casualties during transport
reduce conflict between Great Britain and France by drawing a line of demarcation in Africa to
designate who can colonize which regions of the continent
allow both Christian and Muslim missionaries to fairly and equally share their religions
throughout Africa
increasing wages
promising incentives like government jobs
pledging to grant independence to colonies following the conclusion of the war
promising improvements after the war ended
drafting them into the military so they had no choice
During the time period that African colonies were gaining independence, the group that saw the widest
violence occur in their territories were the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Germans
Portuguese
Italians
Spanish
Russians
61
SKT, IASD - International, NA
37.
After being granted independence, each new government had to work out its relationship with its former
colonial power, and these usually involved negotiations regarding all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
43.
Kwame Nkrumah became the first president of independent
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
e.
devolved into internal conflict and inconsistency that lasted at least through 1999
split into two independent countries which still exists today
fought a brief civil war which the Christians won and restored stability
became a model for decolonization and modernization for other newly independent African
countries
focused on infrastructure which made it one of the economically independent countries in Africa
The big rivalry in Mali is between the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
46.
Ghana
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nigeria
Somalia
Algeria
Immediately following the independence of Nigeria in 1960, the country
a.
b.
c.
d.
45.
Military aid
Educational programs
Technological aid
Economic aid
Health exchange programs
east and west regions
central and coastal regions
north and south regions
Industrial and agricultural regions
European and African regions
Many Africans argue they are entitled to reparations, which was a precedence set by the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
German Holocaust victims
Veterans that were forced into the French army during WWII
South Africans after apartheid ended
Japanese after the two atomic bombings
Native Americans and Japanese Americans
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42.
The current state of public health in Africa is that
a.
b.
c.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
d.
e.
48.
Africa is at a disadvantage when it comes to globalization largely because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
they began with low levels of industrialization and have small consumer markets
they refuse to work for low wages like the Chinese counterparts
they do not have the infrastructure they need for factories of mass production
there are too many small countries who can’t produce the capital needed to get started
most countries’ governments are still not centralized enough to sponsor industry
The ECOWAS is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50.
most diseases have been eradicated and Africans are largely on the same health level as the rest of
the developed world
some localized diseases like malaria and Ebola persist, but life expectancy in Africa is equal to
that of the rest of the world
organizations like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation fund all research, clinical trials, and drug
approvals throughout the continent
many problems still persist and are usually ignored until a health disaster strikes
easy access to doctors, medicine, and food negate any need for foreign intervention
Economic Organization of West African States
Economic Organization of West and South
Eastern Coalition of War and Stability
Effective Coalition of West African States
Equitable Charities of World Affairs
In the decades after independence, Ghana was known as an “African success story” for all of the following
reasons EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
it processed aluminum for export
it provided electricity to homes and businesses
it diversified its economy
they constructed the Akosombo Dam
they revolutionized their education system
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SKT, IASD - International, NA
47.
_____________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
SUPER QUIZ™ RELAY PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
INSTRUCTIONS: On your answer sheet, mark the lettered space (a, b, c, d, or e) corresponding to the answer that
BEST completes or answers each of the following test items.
ROUND 1:
ART:
1.
The Great Zimbabwe served as a judicial center or palace in which culture?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Nubian
Shona
Asante
Fang
Nok
LITERATURE:
2.
What kind of crime did Okonkwo commit when his gun exploded, killing someone?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
first degree
second degree
third degree
male
female
SCIENCE:
3.
In 160 CE, which of the following led to the collapse of the Han dynasty?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
smallpox
influenza
the Bubonic plague
syphilis
leprosy
ECONOMICS:
4.
If the money multiplier equals 8, the reserve ratio must equal
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.5%
11.3%
11.8%
9.5%
8.8%
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______________________________________________________________________________
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
5.
The intermediaries between the West and North African traders were
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bambuk
Berbers
Kanem-Bornu
Tripoli
Leo Africanus
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
polyphonic
heterophonic
homophonic
stereophonic
monophonic
SCIENCE:
7.
Malaria infection in people is most commonly spread via _______________ transmission.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
vector-borne
airborne
food-borne
water-borne
perinatal
ECONOMICS:
8.
The price of airline tickets falls so people purchase more airline tickets. This causes people to reduce the
number of miles they drive and also the gasoline they consume. Given this, these two goods are called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
trade-offs
necessities
substitutes
elasticities
scarcities
LITERATURE:
9.
In “The Message,” when arriving at the hospital, why is there some confusion in locating Maami Amfoa’s
granddaughter?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
She has died and been transferred to the morgue.
Maami Amfoa has arrived at the wrong hospital.
Maami Amfoa does not speak the same language as those working at the hospital.
Those at the hospital only know the granddaughter by her European name.
Maami Amfoa gets lost and enters a building that she thinks is the hospital, but it is only a clinic.
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MUSIC:
6.
What is the MOST common texture heard in Quranic recitations?
ART:
10.
The Finial of a Royal Scepter discussed in the Art Resource Guide is made of what medium?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
granite
terracotta
wood and cowrie shells
brass
ivory
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ewe and Fon
Yoruba and Shona
Ewe and Shona
Yoruba and Fon
Shona and Fon
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
12.
The first colony to gain independence in Africa in 1951 was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Angola
Libya
Liberia
Togo
Benin
MATHEMATICS:
13.
Angle A and angle B are complementary angles. If angle A measures 27º, what is the measure of angle B?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27
63
153
54
73
ROUND 2:
LITERATURE:
14.
What keeps an ogbanje child bonded to the spirit world?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
an iyi-uwa
an iba
a nna ayi
an ogene
an umunna
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
MUSIC;
11.
The practice of vodun, commonly found in modern-day Haiti, can be traced to which ethnic groups?
ECONOMICS:
15.
During recessions, unemployment rises as lay-offs increase, and new hires decline. This type of
unemployment is called
seasonal unemployment
frictional unemployment
structural unemployment
cyclical unemployment
underemployment
MUSIC:
16.
The presence of lyres in the Great Lakes kingdoms of East Africa suggests early musical contact with what
culture?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ART:
17.
Kingdom of Mauretania
Ancient Egypt
Sultanate of Sennar
Kingdom of Tankish
Mali Empire
The Nkondi “Nail Figures” might be considered
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
earthworks
paper collages
found objects
“ready-mades”
mixed media
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
18.
African griots were
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Lion hunters
Teachers who convey oral traditions
Oral historians
Safari guides
Traditional leaders
SCIENCE:
19.
What type of antimicrobial would be used to prevent/treat smallpox?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
antibiotics
antivirals
antifungals
antiparasitics
antigens
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ART:
20.
Scenes of violent death dissolve into landscape in the 1993-94 animated drawings of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Yoko Ono
William Kentridge
El Anatsui
Nam June Paik
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
tribal tensions
political instability
resource abundance
colonial-era boundaries
fighting was infrequent
MUSIC:
22.
The warrior-prince _______ is credited with establishing the Mande empire in the thirteenth century and is
the hero of a widespread epic tradition.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Mansa Musa
Sumanguru Kante
Sunjata Keita
Ansa Sleiman
Mansa Mahmud Keita IV
LITERATURE:
23.
In “Comrades,” what BEST explains why the young men in the back of Mrs. Telford’s car are nervous?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
They are traveling with a stranger.
They do not want to anger the boy who seems to be their leader.
They are afraid they may get lost in the city.
They are afraid they could be arrested for violating apartheid policy.
They are afraid that they could be kidnapped.
SCIENCE:
24.
Approximately ____________ of new HIV cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1/10
1/4
1/3
1/2
2/3
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
ECONOMICS:
21.
Which of the following is a reason cited for frequent conflict between African nations?
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
25.
People like Kwame Nkrumah used their Christian education to
share the religion with tribes in interior Africa that were previously isolated from missionaries
translate the Bible into local languages
establish mega-churches to spread the religion to more Africans
organize resistance to European rule and overthrowing colonialism
merge Christian and traditional African religions to get a hybrid result
MATHEMATICS:
26.
Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram. The coordinates are A(–1, 0), B (2, –2) and C(5, 3). What is the
coordinate of D?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
D (3, 4)
D (0, 4)
D (2, –4)
D (3.5, 6)
D (2, 5)
ROUND 3:
MUSIC:
27.
Which of the following terms describes the collective standards of beauty or taste that musicians use as the
basis for their creative decisions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ethics
Aesthetics
Economics
Poetics
Anaesthetics
ECONOMICS:
28.
Economics assumes that people make choices by comparing the benefits of each action with the
opportunity costs of that action and then select the action that produces the greatest benefit. This is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
balancing
scarcity
trade-offs
rationality
prioritizing
SCIENCE:
29.
A possible treatment for Ebola, siRNA fragments work by ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
inhibiting Ebola glycoprotein binding with host cell receptors
preventing the conversion of Ebola RNA into DNA
inhibiting the budding off of new Ebola particles from the host cell
stimulating the immune system to more effectively identify acute Ebola infections
inhibiting Ebola RNA replication and use for protein synthesis
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
LITERATURE:
30.
The first line of W.B. Yeats’s poem from which Things Fall Apart gets its name is “Turning and turning in
the widening gyre.” What is a gyre?
a spiral
a triangle
a depression in the ground
a drain
a spell
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
31.
The MOST likely theory for how humans evolved and populated the Earth is that
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ART:
32.
humans developed on all the continents around the same time
humans developed in the Americas and later spread of Asia, Europe, and Africa
humans developed in Africa and later spread to Europe, Asia, and the Americas
H. sapiens evolved from pockets of H. erectus that had already migrated out of Africa
the Big Bang resulted in humans centrally located in Africa, and they migrated from there
Kente cloth was developed by which cultural group?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Yoruba of Nigeria
Yombe people of Zaire
Cameroon Grasslands culture
Asante people of Ghana
Chokwe people of Angola
SOCIAL SCIENCE:
33.
According to historians, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were, with regards to the EuropeanAmerican trade with West Africa, centuries of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
establishment followed by a century of expansion
expansion followed by a century of stagnation
establishment followed by a century of disestablishment
expansion followed by a century of disestablishment
expansion followed by a century of abolishment
SCIENCE:
34.
Which of the following would be an ineffective target for combating an HIV infection?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
HIV RNA
HIV mitochondria
HIV glycoproteins
HIV envelope
HIV capsid
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ECONOMICS:
35.
When a resource is owned jointly, no one takes account of the negative externalities caused by overuse.
This is called
tragedy of the commons
Keynesian Theory
the CPI
positive externalities
Pareto Efficiency
MUSIC:
36.
You are visiting Havana, Cuba and go to a club where people are dancing to a form of popular music that
features congas in a prominent role. What form of music and dance are you experiencing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ART:
37.
Bossa nova
Rumba
Cha-cha
Reggae
Samba
Donatello produced his bronze statue of David (1420’s-60’s) using the lost wax casting process. Which
other work was cast using this method?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Robert Rauschenberg’s Monogram
the Igbo Ukuwu bowl
Michelangelo’s Pietá
El Anatsui’s Between Heaven and Earth
the Fang “Great Bieri”
LITERATURE:
38.
In postcolonial studies, the term “hybridity” is BEST defined as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a person considered to be “impure” by another culture
a new creature that comes about because of the mixing of two species
a person who lives in two places
new identities or ideas that happen because of cross-cultural exchange
the resistance to incorporating customs from another culture into one’s life
MATHEMATICS:
39.
If the derivative of a function f ( x ) is given by f '( x)  x  3x  10 , on what interval does f ( x ) decrease?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2
(–3, 3)
(3, 10)
(0, 7)
(–5, 2)
(–2, 5)
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
ESSAY PRACTICE TEST
2017-2018
▪
▪
▪
▪
Contestants will be allowed 50 minutes to write the essay.
Essays will be scored by trained essay graders in accordance with a published rubric.
At the National Finals, students will be given three prompts from which to choose. The essay prompts
may focus on any of the following subject areas: art, economics, language and literature, music, science, or social
science.
Local competitions occasionally use different topics, prompts, instructions, and rubrics. Coaches should
check with their local competition manager for these details as well as the competition rules regarding writing
instruments and format.
Below are sample essay prompts that are illustrative of prompts students may encounter on the essay test.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Instructions to Students
Select one of the prompts for your essay. Write the number of the prompt on the top of the first page of your essay.
Write a well-organized essay in which you clearly respond to the question or direction that is presented in the
prompt. Be sure to follow the accepted rules of standard English sentence structure, usage, spelling, and
punctuation, and to use appropriate diction and style. Maintain legible handwriting. You may use a pen if you wish,
but avoid messy cross-outs. Allow yourself time to proofread your essay. For the essay topic you choose, state your
individual thesis or position clearly. Use specific information and examples from your studies to support your
position. Provide a final paragraph to conclude or close your essay.
LITERATURE ESSAY PROMPT:
1.
Compare the clan’s style of government to that of the Christian missionaries in Things Fall Apart. Does
Achebe attempt to build a case that one is better than the other? Use examples from the novel to support
your answer.
SOCIAL SCIENCE ESSAY PROMPT:
2.
Olaudah Equiano wrote and published his autobiography titled, The Interesting Narrative of the life of
Olaudah Equiano. Explain how this African writer’s involvement in the British Abolitionist movement
played a critical role in ending the transatlantic slave trade.
ECONOMICS ESSAY PROMPT:
3.
Money represents purchasing power. Define money and explain what two categories have functioned as
money. Be sure to discuss which components make up the stock of money in the U.S using your
knowledge from the USAD Economics Resource Guide.
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Essay Guidelines
United States Academic DecathlonTM
Essay Rubric
Student ID#
Directions:
Select one performance category in Table A. Within the range of points for that
category, record the points scored on the line provided at the bottom of the Table.
Addresses the prompt in an adequate manner; focuses on a minor aspect of the task; is organized
based on a restatement of the prompt; provides some predictable evidence to support positions
Addresses the prompt in a basic manner; is organized in a limited way; provides evidence that is
general or not clearly linked to a position
Addresses the prompt in a limited manner; is organized in a confused way; provides superficial
evidence with inadequate elaboration
Fails to address the prompt; absence of organization; absence of relevant content
OUTSTANDING
85 – 100 pts.
EXCELLENT
70 – 84 pts.
GOOD
55 – 69 pts.
FAIR
40 – 54 pts.
WEAK
15 – 39 pts.
POOR
0 – 14 pts.
Total for A_______
Directions:
Select one performance category in Table B. Within the range of points for that category,
record the points scored on the line provided at the bottom of the Table.
B. LANGUAGE/STYLE - CONVENTIONS
Demonstrates exceptional control of sentence structure and precise word choice; is almost entirely
free of errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
Demonstrates strong control of sentence structure and appropriate word choice; is generally free of
errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
Demonstrates reasonable control of sentence structure and some precision in word choice; contains
confusing errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
Demonstrates some lack of control of sentence structure; limited in word choice; minimal control of
grammar, usage, and mechanics
Demonstrates some lack of control of sentence structure; minimal variety in word choice; minimal
control of grammar, usage, and mechanics
Minimal control of sentence structure; inappropriate word choice; contains serious errors in grammar,
usage, and mechanics
Off Prompt: (OP)
Prompt is not addressed
Nonscorable: (NS)
Essay is:
illegible
OP = Zero Score
Total for B
For event coordinator’s use only.
Total points for A
X8 =
Total points for B
X2 =
insufficient
a blank paper
NS = Zero Score
TOTAL
73
OUTSTANDING
85 – 100 pts.
EXCELLENT
70 – 84 pts.
GOOD
55 – 69 pts.
FAIR
40 – 54 pts.
WEAK
15 – 39 pts.
POOR
0 – 14 pts.
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
A. FOCUS/SCOPE – ORGANIZATION – CONTENT/DEVELOPMENT
Addresses the prompt in an outstanding manner; responds to all aspects of the task; is organized
clearly and consistently based on a strong central purpose; provides substantial and specific evidence
to support major positions
Addresses the prompt in an effective manner; responds to several aspects of the task; is organized
effectively based on a clear central purpose; provides appropriate evidence to support positions
SPEECH
Prepared Speech: In the Academic DecathlonTM, each contestant performs a prepared speech on a topic of his or her
choice. The speech must be written by the student and is performed before a panel of judges in a time period of 3
1/2 to 4 minutes. The rules for the speech competition are listed in the USAD Study Guide. Some local
competitions adopt additional procedural rules pertaining to the number of judges, the type of scoring, and the type
of time signals.
Generally, each student’s speech is scheduled by appointment, either some time during competition day or on
another day preceding the competition.
Content:
Speech Development—organization, body, opening/closing
Effectiveness—achievement of purpose, interest, reception
Speech Value—ideas, logic, originality
Presentation:
Nonverbal—appearance, movement, assurance
Voice—flexibility, volume, variety
Appropriateness—word selection and style appropriate to the audience
Correctness––grammar, pronunciation, word selection
Impromptu Speech: In some Academic DecathlonTM competitions, students are asked to perform an impromptu
speech immediately following the prepared speech. The student is handed a card with three impromptu topics from
which he or she may choose. The student then has one minute to prepare. The speech should not be less than 1 1/2
or more than 2 minutes in length. Impromptu speech topics vary considerably around the country. The following
samples represent different approaches, any of which might be encountered in an Academic Decathlon TM
competition. Ask your competition manager for samples of the types of impromptu topics in your area.
The one-word topic:
Define “humility” and describe someone you think BEST fits the definition.
The current-event topic:
Choose a current news media photograph that stands out in your mind. Describe the
photo and explain its importance.
The fantasy topic:
You have been selected for a space mission to Andromeda. You will be allowed to take
one book with you. Which book would you take, and why?
The youth-issue topic:
You have chosen to volunteer for a club or organization at your school. Which club
would that be and why did you select it?
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The scoring categories for the prepared speech are:
INTERVIEW
In general, the interview lasts four to seven minutes and will have either two or three judges. The interview may be
scheduled in conjunction with the speech at any time during competition day or the preceding day. The following
topics commonly occur within the interview: (1) activities listed on the student’s resumé form; (2) plans for college;
(3) preparation for the Academic DecathlonTM; (4) values that have strongly influenced the student’s life; and (5)
persons (live and literary) who have influenced the student’s life.
In some states, the interview immediately follows the speech competition. After contestants finish performing their
four-minute prepared speech and their two-minute impromptu speech, they will be asked to be seated at a table or in
a circle with the judges. They will then be engaged in an interview format. While the interview is traditionally
centered on the student and his/her interests in high school or plans for college, when the interview is conducted in
conjunction with the speech, the judges may ask questions regarding the speech itself—either the content or the
preparation.
In the interview event, the judges serve a dual role: they conduct the interview, and they evaluate the interview.
Preparing students for the interview, therefore, should include consideration of the appropriate responses, in
substance and in length, for different types of interviews. Some competitions use structured interviews where the
same questions are asked of all competitors. Some utilize a framework of identical questions but encourage probing
questions that are customized to each competitor. In competitions that utilize a student resumé, some interviewers
base the entire interview on the resumé, while others use the resumé only for assistance when other topics fail. In
some states and regions there is a new trend toward asking “critical thinking” questions as part of the interview.
Coaches should determine if this approach will be used in their specific competition. If so, a list of topics or
samples should be provided by the competition manager.
The interview experience should assist students in learning to present themselves in a positive manner when
interviewing for a job, scholarship, or any competitive position. It should also give them the experience of learning
to listen and respond in an appropriate manner. The objective of the interview is to give students opportunities to
develop interactive communication skills.
The judging categories in the interview are:
Voice—volume, flexibility, expressiveness
Language Usage––grammar, enunciation, appropriateness
Interpersonal Skills––rapport, interaction, involvement
Nonverbal––movement, gesture, posture
Manner—assurance, enthusiasm, directness
Listening Skills––appropriateness of responses, attentiveness
Answering Skills––clear, complete, appropriate
Responses—thoughtful, insightful, with conviction
Overall Effectiveness—purpose achieved, interest, reception
Appearance––appropriate for an interview
75
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Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
The interview component of the Academic DecathlonTM has many variables that are handled differently at local
competition levels and in different states. These include such factors as the number of judges, the instructions to the
judges, the length of the interview (four to seven minutes), the scoring categories, the degree of structure in the
interview format, and the use of a student resumé form. It is important that coaches understand the procedures and
rules for the interview in the competitions in which their teams participate.
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
Practice Test
Booklet
ANSWER KEYS
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SKT, IASD - International, NA
United States
®
Academic Decathlon
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_____________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
ART PRACTICE TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
B
E
A
D
B
B
C
C
D
A
D
C
B
A
B
E
D
D
C
C
E
D
A
B
E
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
77
A
E
C
A
D
B
B
A
C
D
E
E
D
C
A
B
A
D
B
D
E
C
C
A
E
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
ANSWER KEY
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
______________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
MUSIC PRACTICE TEST
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
D
B
B
B
C
C
E
B
D
E
C
E
D
D
A
C
D
B
D
B
A
A
C
A
C
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
78
B
D
E
E
E
C
A
B
A
C
B
C
E
C
B
D
B
B
B
B
D
A
A
D
B
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
______________________________________________________________________________
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
______________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
MATHEMATICS PRACTICE TEST
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
E
A
C
C
A
C
D
C
E
A
A
B
D
B
B
B
C
D
D
B
C
C
C
B
B
B
E
D
D
A
D
D
E
C
A
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
______________________________________________________________________________________
79
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
ECONOMICS PRACTICE TEST
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
D
B
A
D
C
B
C
A
B
A
E
C
C
D
B
D
D
B
B
D
C
E
E
C
D
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50
80
B
A
C
D
E
A
C
B
A
B
E
E
C
D
B
D
D
C
E
A
D
C
A
E
D
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_____________________________________________________________________________________
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
__________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
LITERATURE PRACTICE TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
C
B
A
B
C
A
D
E
E
D
B
D
C
D
D
A
C
D
B
D
E
B
E
C
A
RG-33
T-3
T-4
T-9/Glossary
T-14
T-23
T-31
T-53
T-66-68
T-78
T-96-99
T-109
T-124
T-130
T-146
T-152
T-157
T-173
81
81
A
C
C
A
D
A
B
A
A
B
E
E
B
C
B
A
C
D
E
A
D
D
B
E
D
T-178
T-187
RG-42
RG-44
RG-45
RG-47
RG-48
RG-52
RG-53
RG-53
RG-56
RG-62
RG-67
RG-68
RG-70
RG-71
RG-72
RG-78
RG-85
RG-84
RG-86
RG-86
RG-89
RG-91
RG-92
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
ANSWER KEY
__________________________________________________________________
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
____________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
SCIENCE PRACTICE TEST
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
C
A
D
A
A
E
B
A
A
D
A
C
C
C
C
D
C
B
E
A
E
B
C
A
C
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
82
82
B
E
E
B
B
E
E
B
C
A
A
D
C
B
B
A
E
B
B
E
B
A
C
D
D
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
____________________________________________________________________________
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_____________________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
SOCIAL SCIENCE PRACTICE TEST
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
C
A
B
A
D
E
D
B
A
B
E
D
D
C
B
A
E
C
D
A
E
A
B
C
C
E
B
C
C
C
D
E
C
B
E
D
A
D
A
D
B
C
A
A
C
E
D
A
A
E
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
_____________________________________________________________________________________
83
Social Science Practice Test
2
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
______________________________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES ACADEMIC DECATHLON®
SUPER QUIZ™ RELAY PRACTICE TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
B
E
C
A
B
E
A
C
D
E
A
B
B
Art Resource Guide (61)
Things Fall Apart -124
Science Resource Guide (7)
Economics Resource Guide (93)
Social Science Resource Guide (29)
Music Resource Guide (21)
Science Resource Guide (49)
Economics Resource Guide (11)
Literature Resource Guide (78)
Art Resource Guide (79)
Music Resource Guide (19)
Social Science Resource Guide (84)
Mathematics Resource Guide
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
A
D
B
E
B
B
B
D
C
D
E
D
E
Things Fall Apart -80/Glossary
Economics Resource Guide (70)
Music Resource Guide (38)
Art Resource Guide (47, 71)
Social Science Resource Guide (13, 31)
Science Resource Guide (19)
Art Resource Guide (100)
Economics Resource Guide (121)
Music Resource Guide (40)
Literature Resource Guide (87)
Science Resource Guide (27)
Social Science Resource Guide (51-52)
Mathematics Resource Guide
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
B
D
E
A
C
D
A
B
A
B
B
D
E
Music Resource Guide (94)
Economics Resource Guide (7)
Science Resource Guide (71)
Things Fall Apart - epitaph
Social Science Resource Guide (22)
Art Resource Guide (94)
Social Science Resource Guide (59)
Science Resource Guide (64)
Economics Resource Guide (54)
Music Resource Guide (68)
Art Resource Guide (88)
Literature Resource Guide (48)
Mathematics Resource Guide
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China
ANSWER KEY
84
Social Science Practice Test
2
SKT, IASD - International, NA
Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to SISU - Shanghai, China