8
Music
Southeast Asian Music
Music— Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 1: Southeast Asian Music
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Development Team of the Module
Writer:
Julita A. Lauroza
Reviewer:
Sherwin A. Cuerdo, EPS-MAPEH
Jenny R. NAvarro, MAPEH Department Head
Julita A. Lauroza
Layout Artist:
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Chairperson:
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8
Music
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Southeast Asian Music
Table of Contents
What This Module is About ................................................................................................................. i
What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................................ i
How to Learn from this Module.......................................................................................................... i
Icons of this Module ............................................................................................................................. ii
What I Know..........................................................................................................................................iii
Lesson 1:
Vocal and Instrumental Music of Cambodia, Indonesia,
Myanmar and Malaysia .................................................................................................... 1
What I Need to Know ................................................................................................ 1
What’s New…………….Activity 1: Play with Me ............................................ 1
What Is It……………….Cambodia ....................................................................... 3
What’s More……………Activity 2: Pinpeat Musician ................................... 4
What’s New…………….Activity 3: Listening to Indonesian Music …. .... 5
What Is It……………….Indonesia ........................................................................ 6
What’s More……………Activity 4: Compare and Contrast ......................... 8
What’s New…………….Activity 5: Listening to Myanmar Music ............. 8
What Is It……………….Myanmar ......................................................................... 9
What’s New…………….Activity 6: Listening to Malaysian Music ........... 11
What Is It……………….Malaysia …. .................................................................... 12
What’s More……………Activity 7: Song Analysis ........................................ 15
What I Have Learned…Activity 8: Concept Map ........................................... 16
What I Can Do…….…..Activity 9: Mr. and Ms. Southeast Asia 2020 ...... 16
Lesson 2:
Vocal and Instrumental Music of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and
Singapore ...................................................................................................................................... 17
What’s In ...................................................................................................................... 17
What I Need to Know ................................................................................................ 17
What’s New…………….Activity 1: Listening to Thai Music ........................ 17
What Is It……………….Thailand .......................................................................... 18
What’s More……………Activity 2: Describe Me.............................................. 20
What’s New…………….Activity 3: Listening to Music of Laos …. ........... 20
What Is It……………….Laos .................................................................................. 21
What’s More……………Activity 4: Song Analysis ......................................... 22
What’s New…………….Activity 5: Listening to Vietnamese Music ........ 23
What Is It……………….Vietnam ........................................................................... 23
What’s More……………Activity 6: Song Analysis ........................................ 26
What’s New…………….Activity 7: Listen to the Music of Singapore … 26
What Is It…………….…Singapore ...................................................................... 27
What’s More……………Activity 8: Song Analysis ........................................ 28
What I Have Learned…Activity 9: Concept Map ........................................... 29
What I Can Do…….…..Activity 10: Post a Status .......................................... 29
Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Assessment: (Post-Test) .............................................................................................................. 30
Key to Answers ................................................................................................................................ 32
References ......................................................................................................................................... 35
What This Module is about
It’s more fun in the Philippines! These words remind us of our wonderful experience
in studying Philippine music in our Grade 7 lessons. Truly we should be proud to be Filipinos
for having a very rich culture especially in music and arts.
We will now move on to our friendly neighbors in Southeast Asia. You will notice that
our music is very similar to that of our neighbors. In this module, you will find different
activities where you can learn and show your understanding of the basic concepts and
principles of Southeast Asian music. You will also discover how people from the Southeast
Asian countries express their feelings towards each other, towards the environment, and
their history and beliefs through vocal or instrumental music.
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1.
listen perceptively to music of Southeast Asia (MU8SE-Ia-h-2)
2.
analyze musical elements of selected songs and instrumental pieces
heard and performed. (MU8SE-Ib-h-4)
3.
explore ways of producing sounds on a variety of sources that would
simulate instruments being studied. MU8SE-Ic-h-6)
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1.
Carefully read all the lessons.
2.
Take your time on going thru each lesson.
3.
Answer the pretest honestly; the purpose of the pretest is for you to
determine your prior knowledge before going thru the lessons and activities.
4.
If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities,
please do take a break. Having breaks between lessons and activities will
give you some space where you can absorb the lesson well.
5.
You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.
6.
Contact your subject teacher if you have some questions about the
submission of your output.
Icons of this Module
i
What I Need to
This part contains learning objectives that
Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know
This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In
This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New
An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It
These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and understanding of the concept.
What’s More
These are follow-up activities that are intended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have
Activities designed to process what you
Learned
have learned from the lesson
What I can do
These are tasks that are designed to showcase your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
8
What I Know
Activity 1: Guess Where I Belong (Pre-test)
Direction: From the pictures of instruments, costumes, folk symbols, artworks, scenery and
other aspects of culture of the Southeast Asian countries, identify the origin of the objects.
Write your answers on your activity notebook.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg
https://www.sirinyas-thailand.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/White_Elephant_of_Thailand_Dressedcredit-Sodacan-wikimedia.org_.png
https://www.vietvisiontravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Vietnamese-Stringed-Instrument-DanDay.jpg
https://thaiest.com/blog/national-costumes-of-southeast-asian-countries
iii
https://www.galatourist.asia/media/news/2006_khaen.jpg
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/c3PaNasrWDcLc4Uzfh7Cq_H4HBhnW2Kd3UmJ6Z
gKs_WGLg7k1Pj_LvR-QhBvKLR-KS3xJlACI7etsXof3NSr_QCSr_5eqhkQDWlfPIpsByWfLzOKuA
5.
https://pov-tc.pbs.org/pov/media/2003/thefluteplayer/thefluteplayer-ensemble-rthung-364x140.jpg
https://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/coat_of_arms/Brunei.png
https://www.indochina.tours/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myanmar-national-dress.jpg
https://www.musicendangerment.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/boys_400-e1423181957123.jpg
iii
Activity 2: Fasten Your Seatbelt
Direction: You have 5 plane tickets to travel and ready to take adventure to Southest Asian
countries. Bring with you with the map, name each ticket where you want to visit the most
and give two reasons why you choose it. Write it on your activity notebook. Enjoy your
vacation!
iii
Map of Southeast Asia
Source:
https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200w/public/M/map_southeast_asia.jpg
SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES:
1. Brunei
2. Cambodia
3. Indonesia
4. Laos
5. Malaysia
6. Myanmar
7. Philippines
8. Singapore
9. Thailand
10.Timor-Leste
11.Vietnam
Lesson
1
Vocal and Instrumental Music
Of Cambodia, Indonesia,
Myanmar and Malaysia
What I Need to Kow
Vocal music is music made specifically for voices. It may be performed with or
without instruments while Instrumental music is made solely for instruments.
What’s New
Activity 1: Play With Me
Direction: Look at each picture and try to identify how it is played. Try to remember the
Hornbostel-Sachs classification of instruments that you learned in Grade 7. Is it an
aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone, or an electrophone?
1.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
6.
7.
8.
7.
9.
3
What Is It
Activity 1 shows the different instruments of Southeast Asian counties. In
this lesson, it will focus on the vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian
countries particularly in Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar and Malaysia.
Let’s take a look first in Cambodia!
CAMBODIA
Cambodia is one of the most beautiful countries in Southeast Asia. It is also
known as Kâmpŭchéa. It was the center of the Khmer (Cambodian) kingdom of
Angkor, a great empire that dominated Southeast Asia for 600 years. Their music
gained a world-wide reputation in the 1960s until the dramatic political problems in
Cambodia.
Cambodian court music is roughly similar to that of Java, Indonesia. They
feature choruses with large orchestras based on struck keys and gongs.
The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually
accompanies ceremonial music of the 4royal courts and temples. Music is always part
of their court dances, masked plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies. This
group is similar to the Piphat ensemble of Thailand and usually consists of nine or
ten instruments.
1. Skorthom
– two big drums similar to Japanese (membranophone)
2. Samphor
– a double-headed drum played with hands (membranophone)
3. Chhing
– finger cymbals (idiophone)
4. Oneat
– xylophones (idiophone)
5. Kongvong
– gong circles (idiophone)
What’s More
Activity 2: Pinpeat Musician
Direction: Visit www.youtube.com and type in the links to watch video clips of
Pinpeat.
After watching the performances, answer the questions found on the next
page. Write your answers in your notebook.
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tYa-N6cKGY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx5VzphVxRs
1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Pinpeat musicians play their
instruments.
2. How many instrument players were needed to form the Pinpeat?
3. Are there instruments made of wood or metal?
You can also visit the following web pages for additional reference:
http://www.istov.de/htmls/cambodia/cambodia_start.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_music
http://www.keosambathmusic.com/index.htm
What’s New
Activity 3: Listening to Indonesian Music
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of
Indonesia. For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your
radio. Scheduled time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that
follows.
Indonesia: The Gamelan Music of Indonesia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1AiCTJ9t8g&feature=share
6
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2. What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3. What mood of feelings does it express?
4. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
In the activity above you have listened the music from a particular country in
Southeast Asia. If Cambodia has the Pinpeat ensemble, do other Southeast Asian
countries have their own musical ensembles? Let’s find out! Let’s continue the ride
and explore the beauty of Indonesian music.
INDONESIA
Borobudur Temple
https://www.indonesia-tourism.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Borobudur-Temple-Sunrise-e1553916223163.jpg
Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising approximately 17,500
7 is the world's fourth most populous country
islands. With over 238 million people, Indonesia
and is the fourth biggest nation of the world. Through interaction with other cultures such as
Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European, a wide range of musical styles has been developed.
Today, the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular not only in the region but also in the
neighboring countries.
There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:

Slendro
– five (5) equidistant tones in octave

Peloq
– heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi tone
Both vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use slendro and peloq scales.

Polyphonic stratification kind of melody is a result of hocket / Interlock.

Interlocking is a common technique used in gong ensembles.
Irama – is an Indonesian term for tempo
Gamelan
https://www.homages.cae.wisc.edu/~jjordan/images/gamelan3.jpg
The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the most popular form of music in Indonesia.
There are many types of Gamelan but the famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan are the
most famous. It contains a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones,
kendang and gongs, bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings.
Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the Gamelan. It is as important as
Gamelan.
1. Pesindhen is a female soloist singer who sings with a Gamelan.
2. Gerong refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the Gamelan.
8
REMEMBER:
*Karawitan is the term for every kind of Gamelan music in Java.
*Gamelan orchestras
– are used to accompany dances, songs, and Wayang Kulit
- are believed to possess supernatural powers
- consider their instruments sacred, therefore stepping over the
instrument is a sign of disrespect
- musicians bow before playing the instruments to show respect
What’s More
Activity 4: Compare and Contrast
Direction: Gamelan is very popular in Indonesia. It is quite similar to the kumintang
ensembles of the Philippines. On your activity notebook, make a Venn diagram that
can describe both musical ensembles.
GAMELAN in
Indonesia
KUMINTANG in
the Philippines
BOTH
9
What’s New
Activity 5: Listening to Myanmar Music
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of
Myanmar. For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your
radio. Scheduled time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that
follows.
Myanmar: ““Full Moon Night - Burmese Harp””
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoUHOCPaNw&feature=share
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2. What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3. What mood of feelings does it express?
4. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
In the activity above you have listened the music from a particular country in
Southeast Asia. So, Cambodia has the Pinpeat ensemble while Indonesia has the
Javanese and Balinese Gamelans. However, the Indonesian Gamelans have singers
performing with them. Do other Southeast Asian countries have singers as well as
their musical ensembles? Let’s read on.
10
Myanmar
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/shwedagon-pagoda-located-yangon-myanmar-91740190.jpg
Myanmar was known as Burma until 1989.
The country’s name was officially
changed by the military government that took over in 1988. Early civilization in Myanmar
dates back to the 1st century with archaeological evidences of the Pyu Kingdoms of
Thayekhittaya (Sri Ksetra), Beithano (Visnu), and Hanlin.
The music of Myanmar (or Burma) has similarities with many other musical traditions
in the region, including Chinese music and Thai music, probably because its longest land
border is shared with China.
The Hsaing Waing is Myanmar’s traditional folk music ensemble. It is made up
mainly of different gongs and drums as well as other instruments depending on the nature of
the performance.
Myanmar’s musical instruments are categorized into two types, the loud sounding
and soft sounding. The loud sounding instruments are performed in open-air ensembles at
ceremonies and festivals. Most of the Hsaing Waing instruments belong to the loud sounding
category.
Other instruments in the Hsaing Waing are the:
1. Hne
2. Chauk Ion Pat
-a double reed pipe
-a set of 8 tuned drums
11
2. Maung Hsaing
4. Pat Waing
-larger bronze gongs in a
-a set of 21 drums in a circle
rectangular frame
5. Kyi Waing
6. Siand Wa
-small bronze gongs in a circular
-bell and clapper
frame
For more formal and classical performances that are performed indoors, the
ensemble may be accompanied by the saung gauk (13string angular harp with soft sound)
the national instrument of Myanmar, the pattala (Burmese xylophone), or the piano and
violin, both introduced during colonial rule.
12
Myanmar not only has musical ensembles but also an extensive collection of
classical songs called the Mahagita. These songs are divided into different types like the
oldest repertoires, royal court music, songs of longing, horses’ dance songs, worship songs
for Burmese spirits, and songs of sorrow and music adapted from Ayutthaya and the Mon
people. The saung gauk usually accompanies these songs.
What’s New
Activity 6: Listening to Malaysian Music
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of
Malaysia. For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your
radio. Scheduled time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that
follows.
Malaysia: “TRADITIONAL Malay Music - Malay Jungle”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj2Ehv21VGQ&feature=share
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2. What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3. What mood of feelings does it express?
4. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
You have listened the music from a particular country in Southeast Asia form
the previous activity. This time, I will take you to another destination where you are
about to witness a country which is rich in culture.
13
Malaysia
Pahang State Mosque
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/77/75/6d/77756dc1c4ed6635f6a4ba2435533f46.jpg
Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It is divided into two regions:
1. West Malaysia – also known as Peninsular Malaysia
2. East Malaysia – consists of thirteen states and three federal territories. Chinese
and Indian cultural influences made their mark when trade began in the country. Trading
also increased when immigrants flocked to Malaysia.
The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in developing
their culture. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while protecting freedom of
religion.
Malaysian music is largely based around percussion instruments. It has multi-cultural
influence and is believed to have originated in the KelantanPattani region with a mixture of
Indian, Chinese, Thai, and Indonesian influences.
The music of Malaysia may be categorized into two types:
1. Classical and Folk music emerged during the pre-colonial period and still exists
in the form of vocal, dance, and theatrical music.
2. Syncretic or Acculturated music developed during the postPortuguese period
(16th century). It contains elements from both local music and foreign elements of Arabian,
Persian, Indian, Chinese, and Western musical and theatrical sources.
14
Malaysian Musical Instruments
Musical instruments of Malaysia are greatly associated with their culture and roots.
Due to colonization, the stages of development of Malaysian instruments are great. They
share some common features with Indian musical instruments. After the colonization of
Malaysia by the British, the musical development was influenced by Western music.
Musical Ensembles and Types of Performances in Malaysia
1. Agung and Kulintang
This is a gong-based musical ensemble commonly used in funerals and weddings in
East Malaysia. This type of ensemble is similar to the kulintang of the Philippines, Brunei,
and Indonesia.
themalaysiantimes.com
2. Kertok
This is a musical ensemble from the
Malay Peninsula that consists of
xylophones
played
rhythmically
in
swiftly
traditional
and
Malay
functions
pelancongan-terengganu.blogspot.com
15
3. Dikir Barat
This is a type of musical form that is important to Malaysia’s national culture. It is
performed by singing in groups and often in a competitive manner usually with percussion
instrumental accompaniment or sometimes without instruments at all.
agefotostock.com
4. Silat Melayu
This is a form of martial art that is similar to t’ai chi. It originated in the Malay
Peninsula since the Christian Era and is a mixture of martial arts, dance, and music usually
accompanied by gongs, drums, and Indian oboes.
16
flickr.com
What’s More
Activity 7: Song Analysis
Direction: Describe how the musical elements reflect the culture of Malaysia. Copy the table
below in your activity notebook. You may refer the song from Activity 6.
Musical Elements
Description that reflects Indonesian culture
TIMBRE
DYNAMICS
RHYTHM
MELODY
FORM
What I Have Learned
Activity 8: Concept Map
Direction: Create a concept map that shows the vocal and/or instrumental music of a
given country specified in this lesson (Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar and
Malaysia).
the
You need to create four concept maps (one concept map per country). Use
concept map below as your guide.
17
CAMBODIA
What I Can Do
Activity 9: Mr. and Ms. Southeast Asia 2020
Direction: Assuming that you are one of the Top 3 finalists of Mr. and Ms. Southeast
Asia 2020. You will be given a final question. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.
FINAL QUESTION:
“If you will be given a chance to write a song, what would it be and why?”
18
Lesson
2
Vocal and Instrumental Music
Of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and
Singapore
What’s In
We have learned in Lesson 1 about the vocal and instrumental music of other
Southeast Asian countries. That is, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar and Malaysia. When it
comes to their culture, it varies in accord to their beliefs. Sometimes, it has categorization
wherein they fall into value and great meaning. Each country has their own music ensembles
and similar of how unique their style of music are. In this lesson we will discuss the other half
of the countries that are not mentioned in the previous discussion and give importance of
their vocal and instrumental music.
What I Need to Know
Through this lesson, you will discover the music ensembles of the remaining
Southeast Asian countries. These are Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Singapore. You will
listen to their music and analyze its musical instruments being used in the performance.
What’s New
Activity 1: Listening to Thai Music
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of Thailand.
For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your radio.
time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that follows.
Thailand: “Traditional Thai Music “
19
Scheduled
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXXK4P2Ogs0&feature=share
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1.
What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2.
What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3.
What mood of feelings does it express?
4.
How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5.
Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
Activity 1 shows your appreciation through listening to a song from Thailand. And
let me welcome you to “Land of the Free”, Thailand! `Sawadeekha!
THAILAND
Thailand’s National Symbol (Elephant)
https://www.sirinyas-thailand.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/White_Elephant_of_Thailand_Dressed-credit-Sodacan-wikimedia.org_.png
20
Siam is the old name of Thailand. It is known for being the sole nation in
Southeast Asia that has never been ruled by a Western power. It is for this reason
that the country is also called “Muang Thai,” which means “Land of the Free.” History
and geography indicates that Thai music is a conglomeration of Asian influences. Its
musical principles and elements are basically derived from Chinese music, while its
musical instruments are inspired from the Indian and Indonesian strings and gongchimes. The Thais combined and adapted these to their culture and created their
own unique music.
Thai folk music consists of simple songs with simple melodic lines. Its main
focus in singing is the articulation of the text rather than the style or technique of
execution.
Songs of Thailand have inherently poetic lyrics which allow a singer or
performer to easily define the melodic lines. It provides the singer the opportunity to
improvise song text to suit the given occasion. The interpretation of a singer gives
meaning to the sacred and spiritual essence of songs with free rhythm while
melodies may either be interpreted or written in the high or low register with long or
short durations.
THREE PRIMARY INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLES IN THAILAND
1. Piphat
It is a mid-sized orchestra that is
performed in either outdoor style with
hard mallets or indoor style with padded
mallets. This ensemble has different
types but the highly ornate one is
traditionally associated with funerals
and
cremation
ceremonies.
Other
versions of the piphat ensemble are
used to accompany specific forms of
traditional Thai drama such as the large
shadow puppet theatre (nang yai) and
the khon dance drama.
www.pianofortephilia.blogspot.com
21
2. Khrueang Sai
It is an orchestra that combines some of
the percussion and wind instruments of
the Piphat with an expanded string
section. This group is primarily used for
indoor
performances
and
for
the
accompaniment of stickpuppet theater.
https://centerforworldmusic.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/11/khrueangsaipii-chawaa-at-Chula.jpg
3. Mahori
This ensemble is traditionally played by women in the courts of Central Thailand and
Cambodia. Because of this, instruments for this ensemble are historically smaller.
However, regular-sized instruments are used today. A vocalist performing with the
Mahori is usually accompanied by the so sam sai.
What’s More
Activity 2: Describe Me
Direction: Observe and listen of the three primary instrumental ensembles of
Thailand. Answer the following table below:
Music Ensemble
Distinctive Characteristics
Piphat
Khrueang Sai
Mahori
22
What’s New
[
Activity 3: Listening to Music of Laos
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of
Laos. For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your
radio. Scheduled time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that
follows.
Laos: “Music of 2018 WWD Laos opening performance - Khaen, Ra Nat, Phin,
Kong”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTpnv7POQjA&feature=share
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2. What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3. What mood of feelings does it express?
4. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
Listening to the songs of other neighborhood countries gives appreciation and
amazement of how they create their own unique songs and you are witness how
these differ from one another. Your journey is not yet finsihed. Let’s take a look to
Laos!
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LAOS
Pha That Luang
https://architectureofbuddhism.com/books/wpcontent/uploads/2014/08/Phat-That-Luang-2.jpg
This country is an independent state of Southeast Asia and officially known as
Lao People’s Democratic Republic. It is formerly part of the Indochinese Union, also
known as French Indochina. Wat Pha That Luang, Vientiane is one of its famous
landmarks.
The classical music and dance of Laos is highly influences by India,
Cambodia, and Thailand.
Themes are drawn from Hindu mythology, the Buddhist Jataka tales, and
local legends. The royal entourage of Lao kings traditionally included musicians, and
a typical orchestra improvised songs with sets of tuned gongs, xylophones, a
bamboo flute, and other wind instruments.
The Lao orchestra can be divided into two categories:
1. Sep Nyai – This is similar to the Piphat of Thailand with instruments that
are strictly percussive but also integrates the use of an oboe.
2. Sep Noi – This is also known as the Mahori of Thailand. However, it
incorporates the use of several khene which is a large bamboo mouth organ and is
the most popular folk music instrument of Laos.
Traditional music, called Mor lam, is largely based around the khene.
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https://hubpages.com/entertainment/KheneThe-Mouth-Organ-of-Laos
https://live.staticflickr.com/4111/5078658
065_5f6c1a0cef_b.jpg
What’s More
Activity 4: Song Analysis
Direction: Describe how the musical elements reflect the culture of Laos.
Copy the table below in your activity notebook.You may refer your answer in
Activity 3 in this lesson.
Musical Elements
Description that reflects Indonesian culture
TIMBRE
DYNAMICS
RHYTHM
MELODY
FORM
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What’s New
Activity 5: Listening to Vietnamese Music
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of
Vietnam. For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your
radio. Scheduled time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that
follows.
Vietnam: “Hoàng Thuỳ Linh - Để Mị Nói Cho Mà Nghe | Official Music Video”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAhdeizXpaQ&feature=share
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1. What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2. What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3. What mood of feelings does it express?
4. How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5. Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
It looks like most of the countries in Southeast Asia have a lot of
similarities in their musical instruments and types of music performed. Their musical
influences are similar to one another as well. What about the other Southeast Asian
countries that we have not yet discussed? Is there influences happened in their style
of music or originally composed and created by their own?
Let’s see if the last two countries to be discussed have the same
similarities to the other countries.
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VIETNAM
Thien Mu Pagoda
https://vietnamdiscovery.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Thien-Mu-pagoda-inHue-huedaytour.com_.jpg
Vietnam is officially known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This country
is located on the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula.
Vietnamese music (nhạc Việt Nam) refers to the ethnic music that originated
from the "Kinh" people of Vietnam. This term is also used to address the music of
any of the numerous ethnic minorities including the Montagnard, Degar, Tay, Cham,
and others.
Although Vietnam is geographically part of Southeast Asia, ten
centuries of rule by the Chinese to the north have made the culture much closer to
Far East than to its Southeast Asian neighbors. Thus, early music theory was either
based upon or adapted to the prevailing Chinese theory, and the majority of
instruments used in the royal court were of Chinese origin.
On the other hand, other influences can be seen with the ethnic minorities,
such as the Chàm or Montagnard peoples. This is possibly due to interaction with the
other countries of Southeast Asia. Vietnamese music shows signs of Indian
influences, noticeable in improvisation preludes of chamber music (known as rao in
the South and dao in the north) as well as usage of onomatopoeia in drum playing.
Traditional and Folk Music
Vietnamese traditional music can be separated into a few major categories,
divided predominantly by the way in which were used in the people's cultural lives.
27
Categories of Vietnamese Music
vietnamonline.com
1. Imperial Court Music – The most popular of this kind is the Nha nhac
that was popularly performed during the Tran Dynasty to the Nguyen Dynasty. This
form of classical music is also performed in honor of the gods and scholars in
temples. Other classical music falling into this category includes the Dai Nhac
(“great music”) and the Tieu Nhac (“small music”) which was performed as
chamber music for the king.
2. Folk Music – This category is extremely diverse because it includes
music performed both indoors and outdoors. Performers of this category are also
diverse. They may be professional musicians down to the blind artists in the streets
who perform to earn their living. Vietnamese folk music are performed in different
occasions depending on its sub-category. It may be performed in musical theaters,
streets, courtship rituals, and ceremonies for invoking spirits. They are sometimes
also influenced by Western elements. Some Vietnamese music only makes use of
female singers and some have both male and female singers.
3. Religious and Ceremonial Music – This is the music performed in
religious rituals or at funerals.
What’s More
Activity 6: Song Analysis
Direction: Describe how the musical elements reflect the culture of Vietnam. Copy
the table in your activity notebook. You may refer your answer in Activity 5.
28
Musical Elements
Description that reflects Indonesian culture
TIMBRE
DYNAMICS
RHYTHM
MELODY
FORM
What’s New
Activity 7: Listening to the Music of Singapore
Direction: Listen/watch to the examples of traditional instrumental of vocal music of
Singapore. For those who don’t have an access to the internet, you can turn on your
radio. Scheduled time of airing will be announced. Answer the guide questions that
follows.
Singapore: “Singapore Traditional Melody”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8jS_Ef2hEY&feature=share
29
Based on the videos, answer the guide question in your activity notebook.
1.
What is your impression about the music you have heard?
2.
What instruments are used in the music samples? (based your answer in
Hombostel-Sach Classification of Instruments)
3.
What mood of feelings does it express?
4.
How do the instruments help express the mood of the piece?
5.
Is the song fast, slow or does the tempo vary?
What Is It
The previous activity tells us how we explore different counties in Southeast
Asia by listening to their unique style of music as well as recognizing the instrument
used in a particular song. And Singapore is on our list! Relax and let us visit where
Merlion is famous for.
SINGAPORE
Merlion
30
The Republic of Singapore is an independent republic in Southeast Asia,
comprised of one main island and about 50 small adjacent islands off the southern tip
of the Malay Peninsula. About three-fourths of the people of Singapore, known as
Singaporeans, are Chinese, but there are significant Malay and Indian minorities.
Singapore’s cultural life reflects its colonization by the British Empire and its
diverse population. Being the melting pot of different cultures in Asia, folk music of
this country reflects the culture and traditions of specific groups.
The ethnic groups which made a prominent place in the musical world of
Singapore have been Chinese, Indian Malays, and Tamils. Other minority Asian
ethnic groups which have also made a mark in the folk culture of Singapore are the
Cantonese, Hokkien, and Malay Bangwasan.
Through the years, the music industry in Singapore grew having Westerninfluenced performances by the Singapore Symphony Orchestra as well as ethnic
music performances mainly by the Singapore Chinese Orchestra. Other performing
groups with Malay and Indian influence are still prevalent until today
What’s More
Activity 8: Song Analysis
Direction: Describe how the musical elements reflect in the
culture of
Singapore.Copy the table below in your activity notebook. You may refer your
answer to the song you have listened from Singapore in the previous activty.
Musical Elements
Description that reflects Indonesian culture
TIMBRE
DYNAMICS
RHYTHM
31
MELODY
FORM
Congratulations!
You are done with the first module. That’s Southeast Asian music! Isn’t it
amazing how rich their culture is? Aren’t you proud that our country is part of this
Asian region? You are on your way in our next point of destination. Brace yourself as
we take another challenging yet enjoyable journey!
What I Have Learned
Activity 9: Concept Map
Direction: Create a concept map that shows the vocal and/or instrumental music of a
given country specified in this lesson (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Singapore).
You need to create four concept maps (one concept map per country). Use the
concept map in the next page as your guide.
THAILAND
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What I Can Do
Activity 10: Post a Status
Instructions:
1. Visit the www.facebook.com and create account. If you have already an
account, login immediately.
2. From the previous activities, you have listened different music from different
countries of Southeast Asia. Among all the songs you have heard, choose
one.
3. Choose the best line of the song that touches your heart.
4. Copy the original lyrics of the chosen line and it’s translation.
5. Write a status of appreciation, a reason why did you choose that particular
line in the song.
6. Your post should be written in any language you are comfortable to use
(Visayan, English and FIlipino)
7. Limit your post to maximum of 5 sentences ONLY..
8. Attach #AppreciateSoutheastAsianMusic as a validity of your submission.
9. Failure to attach the hashtag, your submission will not be counted.
Likes, comment and share are not necessary for the higher points..
Summary
The music of Southeast Asia has been present since the 2nd to 3rd Century
BC. Music is an important part of their lives because they use it for rituals,
ceremonies, courting, and entertainment.
Instruments in Southeast Asia can be classified according to the HornbostelSachs classification. Most of the instruments are percussive with an exception of
some aerophones and chordophones. Each country’s musical instruments and even
some songs are somewhat similar to each other due to their history of trading and
migration.
33
Songs from Southeast Asia commonly use pentatonic (5-tone) scales or
heptatonic (7-tone) scales
34
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Direction: Choose the correct answer. Write only the letter of your answer.
1. What is the most popular form f music in Indonesia?
a. Gamelan
c. Pesidhen
b. Gerong
d. Kertok
2. What Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually accompanies
ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples?
a. Gamelan
b. Piphat
b. Pinpeat
d. Samphor
3. How the musical instruments categorized in Myanmar?
a. Through sounds
c. through performance
b. Through classification
d. through prayers
4. What type of musical ensembles of Malaysia is similar to the kulintang of the
Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia?
a. Piphat
c. Gamelan
b. Samphor
d. Agung
5. What kind of orchestra is Piphat?
a. Combines of percussion and qind instrument
b. traditionally played by women in the court
c. performed in outdoor style with hard mallets or indoor style of podded
mallets
d. performed by singing in group
6. What country of Southeast Asia officially known as Lao Peoples’ Democratic
Republic?
a. Cambodia
c. Laos
b. Malaysia
d. Singapore
7. What classification of music in Vietnam performed in religion and ceremonial
music?
35
a. Religions and Ceremonial Music
b. Imperial Court Music
c. Folk Music
d. Dai Nhac
8. Which of the following has 5 equidistant tones in octave?
a. Pelog
c. Pasidhen
b. Slendro
d. Gerong
9. What do you called a female soloist singer who sings with a Gamelan?
a. Pesidhen
c. Gerong
b. Karawitan
d. Slendro
10. Which of the following pinpeat ensemble instrument double headed drum played
with hand?
a. Oneat
c. Chhing
b. Kongvong
d. Samphor
36
References
Centerforworldmusic.org, “Khrueang Sai Pii Chawaa at Chula”, Acessed June 20, 2020,
https://centerforworldmusic.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/khrueangsai-pii-chawaa-atChula.jpg
Galatourist.asia,
“Khaen”
Accessed
June
https://www.galatourist.asia/media/news/2006_khaen.jpg
20,
2020,
Hubpages.com, “Khene The Mouth Organ of Laos” Acessed June 20, 2020,
https://hubpages.com/entertainment/Khene-The-Mouth-Organ-of-Laos
Indochina.tours,
“Myanmar National
Dress”,
Acessed
June
20,
2020,
https://www.indochina.tours/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myanmar-national-dress.jpg
Indonesia-tourism.com, “Borobudur Temple Sunrise”, Accessed June 20, 2020,
https://www.indonesia-tourism.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/BorobudurTemple-Sunrise-e1553916223163.jpg
Keosambathmusic.com, “Vietnamese Stringed Instrument Dan Day, Acessed June 20,
2020,
https://www.vietvisiontravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/VietnameseStringed-Instrument-Dan-Day.jpg
Seasite.niu.edu,
“Mahori
Ensemble”,
Acessed
June
20,
2020,
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/thai/music/classical/thaiensemble/mahori_ensemble.htm
Sirinyas, “White Elephant of Thailand”, Accessed June 20, 2020, https://www.sirinyasthailand.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/White_Elephant_of_Thailand_Dressed-creditSodacan-wikimedia.org_.png
Vietnamdiscovery.com, “Thien Mu Oagoda in Hue”, AcessedJune 20, 2020,
https://vietnamdiscovery.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Thien-Mu-pagoda-in-Huehuedaytour.com_.jpg
Wikipedia.org,
“Cambodian
Music”,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_music
Wikipedia.org,
“Music
of
Cambodia”,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia
37
Accessed
Accessed
June
June
20,
21,
2020,
2020,
Wikipedia.com,
“Music
of
Myanmar”,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Myanmar
Wikipedia.org,
“Music
of
Laos,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Laos
Wikipedia.org,
“Music
of
Thailand”,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Thailand
Acessed
Acessed
Accessed
June
June
June
21,
21,
21,
2020,
2020,
2020,
Wikipedia.org, “Traditional Indonesian Instrument”, Accessed June 20, 2020,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Traditional_indonesian_instrumen
ts04.jpg
38
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Office Address:
Brgy. 23, National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax:
088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address:
gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph