INTERNET OF THINGS PRESENTED BY Eng. Amr Hassan Abd EL-Aziz Hussein Content OBJECT PAGE 1 Introduction 1 2 Definition of IOT 1 3 Benefits of IOT 3 4 Applications of IOT 4 5 Common Challenge In IOT Development 6 6 How to overcome the challenge 9 7 References 10 -1- 1- INTRODUCTION The Internet of things (IOT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. A thing in the IOT can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP address and is able to transfer data over a network. IOT is a sensor network of billions of smart devices that connect people, systems and other applications to collect and share data. 2- DEFINITION OF IOT There have been several international organizations and research centers involved in the creation of common standards for the IOT. “If we had computers that knew everything there was to know about things—using data they gathered without any help from us—we would be able to track and count everything, and greatly reduce waste, loss and cost. We would know when things needed replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they were fresh or past their best. We need to empower computers with their own means of gathering information, so they can see, hear and smell the world for themselves.” -2- Another definition of the IOT is “The basic idea of this concept is the pervasive presence around us of a variety of things or objects –such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, sensors, actuators, mobile phones, etc. – which, through unique addressing schemes, are able to interact with each other and cooperate with their neighbors to reach common goals.” Fig.1The smart world of the future using IOT 3- Benefits of IOT: -3- IOT offers a number of benefits to organizations, enabling them to: a. Monitor their overall business processes; b. Improve the customer experience; c. Save time and money; d. Enhance employee productivity; e. Integrate and adapt business models; f. Make better business decisions; and g. Generate more revenue. 4- Applications of IOT: -4- a. Artificial Intelligence (AI): “Data is the fuel that powers the IOT and the organization’s ability to derive meaning from it will define their long term success.” b. Social, Legal and Ethical IOT: These include ownership of data and the deductions made from it, algorithmic bias, privacy and compliance with regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation. “Successful deployment of an IOT solution demands that it’s not just technically effective but also socially acceptable.” c. Informatics and Data Broking: The theory of informatics takes monetization of data further by seeing it as a strategic business asset to be recorded in the company accounts. By 2023, the buying and selling of IOT data will become an essential part of many IOT systems. d. The Shift from Intelligent Edge to Intelligent Mesh: The shift from centralized and cloud to edge architectures is well under way in the IOT space. These mesh architectures will enable more flexible, intelligent and responsive IOT systems although often at complexities. the cost of additional -5- e. Sensor Innovation: The sensor market will evolve continuously through 2023. New sensors will enable a wider range of situations and events to be detected. f. New Wireless Networking Technologies for IOT: IOT networking involves balancing a set of competing requirements. In particular they should explore 5G, the forth coming generation of low earth orbit satellites, and backscatter networks. g. Field Of Agriculture: Fig. 2. The smart farming trends. -6- 5- Common Challenge In IOT Development: IOT development is intrinsically from other development projects. It combines software programming and hardware devices, which in itself is a challenge. But IOT development also involves collection and transfer of data, and analysis. A typical IOT project has a 7-layered stack. -7- a. Security: Issue that needs to be addressed for IOT. Developers working on your IOT programming are usually not security experts, which opens your code to a range of vulnerabilities and your devices to unauthorized access. A few examples are Not encrypting data while transmitting it to the cloud. Having backdoor access to the device for development purposes, and leaving it open in production. To ensure security you need to engage with a security expert and make sure the communication stack between the device and the cloud as well as the backend stack is regularly tested for vulnerabilities. Other security threats include using default settings for devices that leave them open to brute force or DDoS attacks, traditional encryption that is easy to break into, and vulnerabilities in the cloud. As IOT brings together several technological elements such as hardware, software, data transfer and storage, network connectivity, and more, there are several areas that can be exploited to gain unauthorized access. -8- b. Costs The infrastructure that IOT requires is expensive in itself, but the overall costs often prove to be a surprise for most people. There are invisible costs to every major undertaking, and IOT projects are not an exception to this. The cost of updates, maintenance, design, replacing outdated devices, and the technical skillsets required can pile up very quickly. The costs of IOT development are high because the infrastructure has not caught up with the technology yet, and finding the right team with the required expertise is very difficult. However, this is quickly changing as more businesses invest in IOT. c. Ease of integration Development is ensuring that the IOT application can be integrated with various platforms, OS, cloud services, and even legacy systems. The failure to do so can result in a low-usability product that may not survive the advancements in technology and business practices. d. Connectivity IOT sensors can only collect and transfer data if the connectivity is strong, and that is not always the case. Especially when the devices are placed in remote areas, connectivity can become a real issue. When you’re required to connect multiple cloud servers, physical devices, and applications, connectivity is very important for the success of your project. e. Development Skillset -9- f. Reliability and Hardware g. Quality control h. Design 6- How to overcome the challenge It is important to understand that planning ahead and management of resources can help you overcome almost any challenges that you may come across. a. Vet the technology partners you outsource your work to. Look for team members with expertise across the stack, a strong portfolio, automation capabilities, device management, and technical know-how. b. Budget for security solutions. You may need to add security solutions or additional security experts to the team depending on your requirements. c. Research the quality, durability, and reliability of the devices you invest in. While there are a lot of cheap alternatives available, they may end up costing you more in the long run. d. If you are building an in-house team, budget for the skillsets required. Investing in people will help you go a long way. e. Ensure that the updates and maintenance are frequent and regular. -10- f. User research is non-negotiable. It will help you build a strong user experience and give you a better understanding of their requirements. 7-References a. “Internet of Things Research Study”http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hpnews/press-release.html?id=1909050 [Hewlett Packard (2015)]. b. Anderson, P. and Mattson, L.-G. 2015. Service innovations enabled by the “Internet of things”. IMP Journal 9 (1): 85– 106. c. https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com d. Internet Of Things “Challenge, Advances, Application” Edit by Qusay Hassan. e. https://www2.deloitte.com/ng/en/pages/technology-media-andtelecommunications/articles/global-mobile-consumer-survey.html f. https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/8-uses-applications-andbenefits-of-industrial-iot-in-manufacturing g. https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/202339/Industry%2040%20eBook. pdf h. https://www.iotforall.com/iot-applications-in-agriculture . i. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simpleexplanation-internet-things-that-anyone-canunderstand/#ef2433f1d091
